What does ACEA - classification of oils mean? This abbreviation stands for the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers, which includes 15 companies with the largest production volumes. In 2008, she developed a special standard to classify motor oils. It is similar to normative and regulatory documentation (like GOST). The ACEA classification means that the oil meets the requirements of vehicle manufacturers for the quality and characteristics of fuels and lubricants.

The ACEA engine oil classification includes 3 classes. The basis for their division is the type of engine. So, a class 1 lubricant is intended for use in cars, vans and minibuses. Class 2 is focused on use in engines whose design includes an exhaust gas recovery catalyst. Finally, class 3 is suggested for use in heavily loaded diesel engines.

First grade

Each class consists of 4 types of oils, indicated by the corresponding alphanumeric character set. Class 1 includes 4 categories: A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A3 / B4 and A5 / B5 - and is focused on use in gasoline and diesel engines installed in light-duty vehicles, as well as minibuses.

Type A1/B1 is distinguished by the maximum use time - mileage or the period after which it is necessary to change the oil. In addition, substances in this category cannot boast of high viscosity. As a result, due to their fluidity, such oils are not suitable for some engines. Detailed information about compatible oils is given in the technical documentation for the car.

Type A3/B3 is intended for use in high performance engines. Also, this type of lubricant can be used all season. Car manufacturers may recommend it for use if extended drain intervals are required.

Type ACEA A3 is extended by subtype B4. It includes oils that are recommended for use in high-powered engines, whose design includes a direct fuel injection system. Their specifications are compatible with type A3/B3.

Type A5/B5 includes a lubricant that is used in high-powered engines and is designed to extend the period between replacements. However, materials in this category are low-viscosity. As a result, some engines are not designed to be lubricated with these products, as they require more "thick" substances. Again, information on compatible lubricants is given in the technical documentation for the vehicle.

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Second class

ACEA performance classification.

For engines of a highly accelerated type, the design of which includes an exhaust gas recovery catalyst, the classification of engine oils according to ACEA allocates a separate section. The materials included in it are certified for use in vehicles running on gasoline and diesel fuel. All lubricants in this category are designed to extend the life of diesel particulate filters (DPF) and 3-way catalysts (TWC).

Type C1 describes oils that contain a minimum of sulfur and phosphorus compounds (or these elements in free form), which allows for a minimum sulfate ash content. Such materials are described as Low SAPS. In addition, this type of lubricating fluid is characterized by low viscosity and is designed to reduce fuel consumption.

Type C2 oils have a moderate sulfur and phosphorus content and higher sulphated ash levels than the previous type despite Low SAPS certification. This somewhat expands the scope. However, like other products in this category, they are not compatible with all engines.

Viscosity of motor oils at low temperatures.

Type C3 is similar in its parameters to C2, but the oils included in it have a slightly higher viscosity level.

Type C4 finally describes an engine lubricant similar to C1, which has a higher viscosity level (similar to C3). Materials are still certified as Low SAPS, the volumes of sulfur, phosphorus and sulphated ash are minimal.

It is worth considering that the ACEA classification in this section describes very highly specialized oils intended for use with a single design type of engine. This means that they can only be used in compatible vehicles. Information on whether class C oil is suitable for an engine or not can be obtained from the technical documentation for the vehicle, instructions for use, or other materials provided by the manufacturer.

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Third class

Separately, it is worth mentioning that the classification of oils developed by ACEA provides for the conditional name of the sections. This means that products from class 3 have the same quality as those from class 1 and vice versa. The difference is manifested exclusively in the operational parameters of oils and their specialization.

When choosing a new oil for a car, you must be guided by the technical documentation for the vehicle and the manufacturer's instructions.

Oils of class 3, which are marked with the symbol E, are used in diesel engines subjected to high loads. They are not compatible with petrol or gas vehicles. In addition to their lubricating function, these materials have piston-cleaning properties. They are most often used in engines that have passed Euro-1 ... 5 certification (that is, any of the 5 generations). They also allow you to prolong the interval between fuel changes. Because of this, they are often recommended for use in any diesel engine operating under extreme conditions.

Type E4 includes oils that reduce wear on engine components. The additives contained in their composition, in turn, reduce the amount of soot formation. Therefore, they can be used in engines that are not equipped with an appropriate particulate filter, but include EGR and SCR in the design. In this case, the oil can reduce the content of various nitrogen oxides in the exhaust.

Class E6 oils are similar to materials from the previous type, however, they are intended for use in engines whose design still includes diesel particulate filters (DPF).

E7 have, among other things, polishing properties. They keep the inner surface of piston cylinders smooth. They are used in engines whose design does not include diesel particulate filters. In this case, ERG and SCR may be present.

This is the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers. This organization was created to lobby the interests of automakers. One of the activities of ACEA was the issuance of requirements for the use of motor oils in the engines of the companies included in this organization.
To date, its membership is very impressive: BMW, DAF, Daimler-Crysler, Fiat, Ford, GM-Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN, Porshe, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Renault, SAAB-Scania, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo.

The latest edition of the ACEA engine oil classification was adopted in 2004. Since this year, engine oils for diesel and gasoline engines of passenger cars according to ACEA have been combined into one category. But, due to the fact that not all the latest motor oils that are classified according to the new ACEA edition can be used in engines of earlier years of production, motor oil manufacturers still often write on the packaging of motor oil the previously assigned quality classes according to the previous edition of 2002 .

Please note that any motor oil manufacturer that uses ACEA standards in its advertising and on packaging must mandatory conduct the necessary tests in accordance with the requirements of the organization responsible for meeting the quality of motor oils to ACEA standards.

What do the numbers and letters mean in ACEA classes?

In the latest edition of ACEA (2004), motor oils are divided into three categories:

A/B- engine oils for petrol and diesel engines. This category includes all previously developed classes A and B (until 2004 A - motor oils for gasoline engines, B - for diesel engines). There are currently four grades in this category: A1/B1-04, A3/B3-04, A3/B4-04, A5/B5-04.

With- a new class - motor oils for diesel and gasoline engines that meet the latest stringent requirements for the ecology of exhaust gases Euro-4 (as amended in 2005). These engine oils are compatible with catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters. Actually, it was the innovations in European environmental requirements that caused the reconstruction of the ACEA classification. Today there are three classes in this new category: C1-04, C2-04, C3-04.

E- engine oils for loaded diesel engines of heavy vehicles. This category has existed since the introduction of the classification (since 1995). In 2004, cosmetic changes were made, 2 new classes E6 and E7 were added, and two other obsolete classes were excluded.

Description of classes and categories

A1/B1	Oils intended for use in gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles, in which the use of oils that reduce friction, oil viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (from 2.9 to 3.5 mPa s) is possible. These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. You must follow the instruction manual and manuals.
A3/B3	High performance oils resistant to mechanical degradation, designed for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles and / or for use with extended oil change intervals in accordance with the recommendations of engine manufacturers, and / or for use in especially severe operating conditions , and / or all-weather use of low-viscosity oils.
A3/B4	Oils resistant to mechanical degradation with high performance properties, designed for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines with direct fuel injection.
A5/B5	Oils resistant to mechanical degradation, intended for use with extended intervals between oil changes in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles, in which it is possible to use oils that reduce friction, low viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate (from 2.9 to 3. 5 mPa s). These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. You must follow the instruction manual and manuals.
C1	Oils resistant to mechanical degradation, compatible with exhaust gas aftertreatment units, designed for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-way catalysts. They are suitable for engines where friction reducing oils that are oily at high temperature and high shear rate (2.9 mPa s) can be used. These oils have the lowest sulphated ash content and the lowest phosphorus and sulfur content and may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. You must follow the instruction manual and manuals.
C2	Oils resistant to mechanical degradation, compatible with exhaust gas aftertreatment units, designed for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-way catalysts. They are suitable for engines where friction reducing oils that are oily at high temperature and high shear rate (2.9 mPa s) can be used. These oils increase the life of diesel particulate filters and catalysts and provide fuel economy. It is necessary to be guided by the instruction manual and reference books.
C3	Oils resistant to mechanical degradation, compatible with exhaust gas aftertreatment units, designed for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-way catalysts, increase the service life of the latter.
C4	motor oils for diesel and gasoline engines that meet the latest stringent requirements for the ecology of exhaust gases Euro-4 (as amended in 2005). Oils resistant to mechanical degradation, compatible with exhaust gas aftertreatment units, designed for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles requiring SAPS (reduced content of sulfated ash, phosphorus, sulfur) and a minimum viscosity of HTHS (3.5mPa.s), equipped with particulate filters DPF and three-way catalysts TWC, increase the service life of the latter.
E6	Resistant to mechanical degradation and aging oils, providing high piston cleanliness, low wear and preventing the negative effect of soot on oil properties. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines operating under particularly severe operating conditions, meeting the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3 and Euro-4 for the emission of toxic substances, and operable at significantly extended intervals between oil changes in accordance with the recommendations of car manufacturers . They are applicable with or without diesel particulate filters and for engines with exhaust gas recirculation, with a system of catalysts for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides. Oils of this category should be used in combination with low-sulfur diesel fuel (sulfur content not more than 0.005%).
E7	Resistant to mechanical degradation and aging oils, providing high piston cleanliness, low wear and preventing the negative effect of soot on oil properties. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines operating under particularly severe operating conditions, meeting the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3 and Euro-4 for the emission of toxic substances, and operable at significantly extended intervals between oil changes in accordance with the recommendations of car manufacturers . They have high anti-wear properties, resistance to aging, prevent the formation of deposits in the turbocharger and the negative effect of soot on oil properties. They are applicable in vehicles without diesel particulate filters and in most engines with exhaust gas recirculation and an nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst system.

Each car owner should be able to decipher the engine oil marking applied to the product packaging, because the key to durable and stable engine operation is the use of high-quality oil that meets all the requirements of the manufacturer. Such serious requirements are imposed by them due to the fact that oils have to work in a wide temperature range and under high pressure.

From this article you will learn:

The engine oil marking contains all the necessary information for the right choice, you just need to be able to decipher it

In order to streamline and simplify the procedure for selecting oil for a particular type of engine according to the required characteristics and tasks assigned to it, a number of international standards have been developed. Global oil manufacturers use the following generally recognized classifications:

• ACEA;
• ILSAC;
• GOST.

Each type of oil labeling has its own history and market share, deciphering the meaning of which allows you to navigate the choice of the necessary lubricating fluid. Basically, we use three types of classification - these are API and ACEA, as well as, of course, GOST.

There are 2 main classes of motor oils, depending on the type of engine: gasoline or diesel, although there is also a universal oil. The intended use is always indicated on the label. Any engine oil consists of a basic composition (), which is its basis, and certain additives. The basis of the lubricating fluid is an oil fraction, which is obtained during oil refining or artificially. Therefore, according to the chemical composition, they are divided into:

• mineral;
• semi-synthetic;
• synthetic.

On the canister, along with other markings, chemical is always indicated. composition.

What can be on the label of an oil canister:

1. Viscosity class SAE.
2. Specifications API and ACEA.
3. Tolerances automakers.
4. Barcode.
5. Batch number and production date.
6. Pseudo-labeling (not a generally recognized standard labeling, but used as a marketing ploy, for example, fully syntetic, HC, with the addition of smart molecules, etc.).
7. Special categories of motor oils.

To help you buy exactly the one that will best suit your car engine, we will decipher the most important engine oil markings.

Marking of engine oils according to SAE

The most important characteristic, which is indicated in the marking on the canister - the viscosity coefficient according to the SAE classification - is an international standard that regulates at plus and minus temperatures (boundary value).

In accordance with the SAE standard, oils are designated in the XW-Y format, where X and Y are some numbers. First number- this is a symbol for the minimum temperature at which oil is normally pumped through the channels, and the engine scrolls without difficulty. The letter W means the English word Winter - winter.

Second number conditionally means the minimum and maximum values ​​of the boundary of high-temperature viscosity of the oil when it is heated to operating temperature (+100…+150°С). The higher the value of the number, the thicker it is when heated, and vice versa.

Therefore, oils are necessarily divided into three types depending on the viscosity:

• winter oils, they are more fluid and provide trouble-free engine starting in the cold season. The SAE index of such an oil will contain the letter “W” (for example, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, etc.). To understand the limit value, you need to subtract the number 35. In hot weather, such an oil is not able to provide a lubricating film and maintain the desired pressure in the oil system due to the fact that its fluidity is excessive at high temperatures;
• summer oils are used when the average daily temperature is not lower than 0 ° C, since its kinematic viscosity is high enough so that in hot weather the fluidity does not exceed the required value for good lubrication of engine parts. At sub-zero temperatures, starting an engine with such a high viscosity is impossible. Summer brands of oils are designated by a numerical value without letters (for example: 20, 30, 40, and so on; the larger the number, the higher the viscosity). The density of the composition is measured in centistokes at 100 degrees (for example, a value of 20 indicates a boundary density of 8-9 centistokes at an engine temperature of 100 ° C);
• multigrade oils the most popular, since they are able to work both at sub-zero and positive temperatures, the boundary value of which is indicated in the decoding of the SAE indicator. This oil has a dual designation (example: SAE 15W-40).

When choosing an oil viscosity (from those approved for use in your car engine), you need to be guided by the following rule: the greater the mileage / older the engine, the greater the high-temperature viscosity of the oil should be.

Viscosity characteristics are the very first and important element in the classification and labeling of motor oils, but not the only one - choosing oil purely by viscosity is not correct. Is always it is necessary to choose the correct relation of properties oil and operating conditions.

Each oil, in addition to viscosity, has a different set of performance properties (detergent, antioxidant properties, anti-wear, susceptibility to various deposits, corrosiveness, and others). They allow you to determine the possible scope of their application.

In the API classification, the main indicators are: engine type, engine operating mode, oil performance properties, application conditions and year of manufacture. The standard provides for the division of oils into two categories:

• Category "S" - shows intended for gasoline engines;
• Category "C" - indicates the purpose for diesel vehicles.

How to decipher the API marking?

As already found out, the API designation can begin with the letter S or C, which will indicate the type of engine that can be filled in, and another letter of the oil class designation, showing the level of performance.

According to this classification, the decoding of the marking of motor oils is carried out as follows:

• abbreviation EC, which is located immediately after the API, stand for energy-saving oils;
• Roman numerals after this abbreviation talking about fuel economy;
• letter S(Service) denotes applications oils for gasoline engines;
• letter C(Commercial) are denoted by ;
• after one of these letters follows performance level indicated by letters from A(lowest level) to N and further (the higher the alphabetical order of the second letter in the designation, the higher the oil class);
• universal oil has letters of both categories through an oblique line (for example: API SL / CF);
• API marking for diesel engines is divided into two-stroke (number 2 at the end) and 4-stroke (number 4).

Those motor oils, which have passed the API/SAE test and meet the requirements of the current quality categories, are indicated on the labels with a round graphic symbol. At the top there is an inscription - "API" (API Service), in the middle is the degree of viscosity according to SAE, as well as a possible degree of energy saving.

When using oil according to its “own” specification, wear and the risk of engine breakdown are reduced, oil “waste” is reduced, fuel consumption is reduced, noise is reduced, engine performance is improved (especially at low temperatures), and the service life of the catalyst and exhaust purification system is increased.

Classifications ACEA, GOST, ILSAC and how to decipher the designation

The ACEA classification was developed by the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers. It indicates the performance properties, purposes and category of engine oil. ACEA classes are also divided into diesel and gasoline.

The latest edition of the standard provides for the division of oils into 3 categories and 12 classes:

• A/B – petrol and diesel engines cars, vans, minibuses (A1/B1-12, A3/B3-12, A3/B4-12, A5/B5-12);
• C – gasoline and diesel engines with catalytic converter exhaust gases (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
• E – truck diesel engines(E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).

In the ACEA designation, in addition to the engine oil class, the year of its entry into force, as well as the edition number (when the technical requirements were updated) are indicated. Domestic oils are also certified according to GOST.

Classification of motor oils according to GOST

According to GOST 17479.1-85, motor oils are divided into:

• kinematic viscosity classes;
• performance groups.

By kinematic viscosity oils are divided into the following classes:

• summer - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
• winter - 3, 4, 5, 6;
• all-season - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, 5/12, 5/14, 6/10, 6/14, 6/16 (the first digit indicates the winter class, the second for summer).

In all listed classes, the larger the numerical value, the greater the viscosity.

By area of ​​application all engine oils are divided into 6 groups - they are designated from the letter "A" to "E".

Index “1” indicates oils intended for gasoline engines, index “2” for diesel engines, and oils without an index indicate its versatility.

Classification of motor oils according to ILSAC

ILSAC is a joint invention of Japan and America, the international committee for standardization and approbation of motor oils has issued five motor oil standards: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5. They are completely similar to API classes, the only difference is that the oils corresponding to the ILSAC classification are energy-saving and all-weather. This classification is best suited for Japanese cars.

Correspondence of ILSAC categories regarding API:

• GF-1(obsolete) - oil quality requirements similar to API SH category; by viscosity SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX, 10W-XX, where XX-30, 40, 50.60.
• GF-2- meets the requirement API SJ oil quality, and in terms of viscosity SAE 0W-20, 5W-20.
• GF-3- is an analogue of API SL category and has been in operation since 2001.
• ILSAC GF-4 and GF-5- respectively analogues SM and SN.

In addition, within the standard ISLAC for Japanese cars with turbocharged diesel engines, separately used JASO DX-1 class. This marking of automotive oils provides for modern car engines with high environmental performance and built-in turbines.

The API and ACEA classifications set out minimum basic requirements that are agreed between oil and additive manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers. Since the designs of engines of different brands differ from each other, the operating conditions of the oil in them are not quite the same. Some major engine manufacturers have developed their own classification system motor oils, so-called permits, which complements the ACEA classification system, with its own test engines and field testing. Engine manufacturers such as VW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, GM, Porsche and Fiat predominantly use their own approvals when selecting engine oils. Specifications are always present in the car's operating instructions, and their numbers are applied to the oil packaging, next to the designation of its performance class.

Let's consider and decipher the most popular and frequently used tolerances present in the designations on cans of motor oils.

VAG approvals for passenger cars

VW 500.00- energy-saving engine oil (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, etc.), VW 501.01- all-season, designed for use in conventional gasoline engines manufactured before 2000, and VW 502.00 - for turbocharged ones.

Tolerance VW 503.00 provides that this oil is for gasoline engines with a viscosity of SAE 0W-30 and with an extended replacement interval (up to 30 thousand km), and if the exhaust system is with a three-way converter, then oil with a VW 504.00 approval is poured into the engine of such a car.

For Volkswagen, Audi and Skoda cars with diesel engines, a group of oils with tolerances is provided VW 505.00 for TDI engines, produced before 2000; VW 505.01 Recommended for PDE engines with unit injector.

Energy-saving motor oil, viscosity grade 0W-30, approved VW 506.00 has an extended replacement interval (for V6 TDI engines up to 30 thousand km, 4-cylinder TDI up to 50 thousand). Recommended for use in new generation diesel engines (after 2002). For turbocharged engines and a PD-TDI unit injector, it is recommended to fill in oil with a tolerance VW 506.01 having the same extended drain interval.

Approvals for Mercedes passenger cars

The Mercedes-Benz automaker also has its own approvals. For example, engine oil with the designation MB 229.1 Designed for diesel and gasoline engines manufactured since 1997. Tolerance MB 229.31 entered into force later and meets the specifications SAE 0W-, SAE 5W- with additional requirements that limit the content of sulfur and phosphorus. MB 229.5 is an energy-saving oil with an extended service life for both diesel and gasoline engines.

BMW engine oil approvals

BMW Longlife-98 this approval has motor oils intended for pouring into the engine of cars manufactured since 1998. An extended service replacement interval is provided. Conforms to the basic requirements of ACEA A3/B3. For engines manufactured at the end of 2001, it is recommended to use oil with a tolerance BMW Longlife-01. Specification BMW Longlife-01FE provides for the use of motor oil when operating in difficult conditions. BMW Longlife-04 approved for use in modern BMW engines.

Engine oil approvals for Renault

Tolerance Renault RN0700 was introduced in 2007 and meets the basic requirements: ACEA A3/B4 or ACEA A5/B5. Renault RN0710 meets the requirements of ACEA A3/B4, and Renault RN 0720 by ACEA C3 plus optional Renault. Approval RN0720 Designed for use in the latest generation of diesel engines with particulate filters.

Approval for Ford vehicles

SAE 5W-30 approved engine oil Ford WSS-M2C913-A, intended for primary and service replacement. This oil meets ILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98 classifications and additional Ford requirements.

Oil with approval Ford M2C913-B intended for initial filling or service replacement in gasoline and diesel engines. Also meets all requirements of ILSAC GF-2 and GF-3, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98.

Tolerance Ford WSS-M2C913-D was introduced in 2012, oils with this tolerance are recommended for all Ford diesel engines, with the exception of Ford Ka TDCi models manufactured before 2009 and engines manufactured between 2000 and 2006. Provides for extended drain intervals and refueling with bio-diesel or high-sulphur fuels.

approved oil Ford WSS-M2C934-A provides for an extended drain interval and is intended for filling in cars with a diesel engine and a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Oil that meets the specification Ford WSS-M2C948-B, based on the ACEA C2 class (for gasoline and diesel engines with catalytic converter). This tolerance requires an oil with a viscosity of 5W-20 and reduced soot formation.

When choosing an oil, you need to remember a few key points - this is the correct choice of the required chemical composition (mineral water, synthetics, semi-synthetics), the viscosity classification parameter, and know the necessary requirements for a set of additives (determined in API and ACEA classifications). Also, the label should contain information for which brands of machines this product is suitable. It is equally important to pay attention to the additional designations of engine oil. For example, the Long Life marking indicates that the oil is suitable for vehicles with extended service intervals. Also, among the features of some compositions, one can single out compatibility with engines that have a turbocharger, an intercooler, cooling of recirculation gases, control of timing phases and valve lift.

An indispensable condition for the smooth functioning of the mechanism of modern cars is the use of high-quality lubricants by their owners. Moreover, all modern oils are different in their viscosity-temperature and operational properties. And this fact must be taken into account when choosing the composition that is best suited for your vehicle.
Variety of oils by viscosity grade
In particular, for the classification of transport oils according to such an indicator as viscosity, today the world-recognized SAE specification is used. It stands for Society of Automotive Engineers. Using the SAE J 300 standard, it is possible to determine the optimal viscosity grade suitable for each of the eleven classes of lubricants combined in this group. These include six winter and five more summer oils. So, compositions marked SAE O-25W (with a progressive increase in the digital value by five divisions, from 0 to 25) are optimally suited for winter use.
When operating a car engine at low temperatures, the oil used in it thickens, which negatively affects its ability to envelop engine parts and contribute to a quick start. And especially to maintain fluidity in such formulations, special additives are used, the amount of which complies with S.A.E. These types of oils are designated by the letter "W", that is, "winter" ("winter"). The numerical value indicated next to it indicates the degree of winter viscosity - the lower this number, the higher the fluidity of the oil if the engine is started when the temperature drops.

And summer oils are indicated by the numbers 20 - 60 (with an increase of 10 divisions). Moreover, the higher the specified number, the more viscous (capable of protecting engine parts from wear) the lubricant composition will be when heated.

There is also a separate line of mono-season oils that are practically independent of temperature effects. Such lubricating compositions are mainly used for small changes in the level of operating temperatures. In addition, these products are suitable for a number of special tasks.

To designate an all-weather group, a combination of values ​​\u200b\u200bused for winter and summer viscosity is used. So, in the composition with the designation S.A.E. 20W 60, 20W characterizes the properties of the composition in winter, and 40 gives the concept of the summer degree of viscosity.

Classification of lubricant compositions according to the main purpose and quality level
Today, the API systems are used to describe these characteristics of motor oils, as well as ACEA, JASO and ILSAC.
Each of these systems requires the most detailed consideration.

This system assumes the use of the API SJ and CE designations. Their decoding is extremely simple: S means oil for engines running on gasoline, and C for diesel fuel. As for the second letter in this designation, it displays the level of performance of the fuel and lubricant composition (the lower it is, the higher the “position” occupied by the letter in the alphabet).

Engine oils that meet the requirements of API SL, SM can be used in cases where the SJ or earlier class is recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
Petrol
API SN - for modern cars with a gasoline engine, the new standard is valid from October 1, 2010 ..
API SM - for gasoline engine, penultimate approval since 2004.
API SL - for cars manufactured after 2000.
API SJ - for cars with a gasoline engine from 1996 of release.
API SH - for cars with a gasoline engine from 1994 of release.
API SG - for cars with a gasoline engine from 1989 of release.
API SF - for cars with a gasoline engine since 1980 of release.
API SE - for cars with a gasoline engine since 1972.
Diesel
API CI-4 (CI-4 PLUS) - a new class for cars with diesel engines introduced in 2002. These engine oils are used in modern diesel engines with various types of injection and supercharging.
API CI-4 more stringent environmental and exhaust emission requirements effective October 1, 2002
API CH-4 engine oils with this approval are designed for high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with stringent emission requirements. Meets the high requirements of American and European diesel engine manufacturers. Specifically for use with fuels with a sulfur content of less than 0.5% sulfur. If necessary, it can be used where fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5%.
API CG-4 for 4-stroke diesel engines in buses, trucks and tractors.
API CF-2 (CF-II) for use in two-stroke diesel engines.
API CF-4 for 4-stroke diesel engines since 1990.
API CF (CF-2, CF-4) this category was introduced in 1994 and is intended for diesel engines with port injection, including engines running on fuel with a sulfur content of more than 0.5% by weight. Oils with this tolerance effectively fight piston deposits, as well as wear and corrosion of copper bearings. Replaces API CD approval.

In total, there are three types of classification in the system under consideration:

for transmission;

for engines running on gasoline;

for diesel types of engines.

This method of classifying motor oils allows owners of vehicles of various brands to take into account the requirements of the world's leading automakers for lubricants. This list can include BMW, Daimler-Crysler, Volvo, Rolls-Royce, Ford-Europe, DAF and many other well-known brands.

All standards related to this system can be divided into three groups:

B - engines of passenger cars running on diesel fuel;

E - engines of diesel trucks.

ACEA A1 engine oil for gasoline engines where HTHSRV oils> 3.5 mPa s are allowed. with extended drain intervals, energy saving, high wear protection.

ACEA A2 are multipurpose oils used in most gasoline engines with normal drain intervals.

ACEA A3 multipurpose oils with high performance properties for powerful gasoline engines, year-round use, high loads.

ACEA B3 oil is designed for high performance diesel engines of passenger cars and small commercial vehicles, year-round use, heavy loads.

These compositions are also classified according to their performance characteristics, with a digital designation of individual levels (from 1, etc.). The serial number is followed by the year in which the latest version of the product in question was introduced (2 digits).

This committee for the standardization and subsequent approval of lubricating compounds was created by a specialized Association of Automobile Manufacturers from Japan. Moreover, these figures worked together with representatives of a number of automakers, which include General Motors, Ford, and others.

The specialists working in this committee are mainly engaged in the publication of basic quality standards for oils suitable for gasoline-powered passenger car engines. They are designated GF 1, GF 2, as well as GF 3 (with the prefix "ILSAC" at the beginning), the most recent GF 4, GF 5.
ILSAC GF-1 complies with API SH
ILSAC GF-2 complies with API SJ
ILSAC GF-3 complies with API SL
ILSAC GF-4 complies with API SM
ILSAC GF-5 complies with API SN

When choosing lubricants, a motorist should take into account that manufacturers of modern vehicles can carry out their tests of these products without waiting for the release of new international specifications.

Upon completion of the verification steps developed by a particular company, the best oils receive an “approval” for use in vehicle engines of certain brands:

Engine oil approvals VW/Audi/Seat/Skoda (VAG)

VW 500.00 - All-weather energy-saving engine oil for naturally aspirated gasoline and diesel engines (SAE 0W-40, 5W-40, 10W-40). Compliance with ACEA A3 requirements.
VW 501.01 - Engine oil for use in gasoline and diesel engines with direct injection. ACEA A2 compliance.
VW 502.00 - Engine oil for gasoline engines with direct injection. Compliance with ACEA A3 requirements.
VW 503.00 - Engine oil for gasoline engines manufactured since 05/1999. Service interval has been extended (up to 30 thousand km.). Exceeds 502.00 (HTHS 2.9 MPa/s) requirements.
VW 503.01 - Oil for heavily loaded gasoline engines with extended service intervals, for example, Audi S3, TT (HTHS> 3.5 MPa / s).
VW 504.00 - Oils for gasoline and diesel engines with extended service intervals, including diesel engines with a particulate filter and without additional fuel additives.
VW 505.00 - Oils for diesel engines of passenger cars with and without turbocharging. Basic characteristics meet ACEA B3 requirements.
VW 505.01 - Oils with a viscosity of SAE 5W-40 for diesel engines with a pump - injector (Pumpe - Demse).
VW 506.00 - Engine oils for turbocharged diesel engines after 05/1999. The service interval has been extended (up to 50 thousand km.). ACEA B4 compliant.
VW 506.01 - Engine oil for diesel engines with a pump - injector and an extended service interval. ACEA B4 compliant.
VW 507.00 - Oils for gasoline and diesel engines with an extended service interval, including diesel engines with a particulate filter and without additional fuel additives. Alternative - VW 505.01, VW 506.00, VW 506.01. Exceptions are the R5 TDI (2.5L) and V10 TDI (5L) engines, requiring only VW 506.01.

Daimler Chrysler/Mercedes-Benz engine oil approvals

MB 228.1 - Multigrade SHPD oils approved for Mercedes-Benz diesel engines. Extended oil change interval for turbocharged truck engines (up to 30,000 km), ACEA E2 compliance.
MB 228.3 - All-season SHPD oils for diesel engines of heavy trucks and tractors with and without turbocharging. Extended oil change interval. Depending on the operating conditions (30 - 60 thousand km.), Compliance with the requirements of ACEA E3.
MB 228.31 - Engine oils for diesel engines of commercial trucks, with particulate filters. API CJ-4 compliant + Mercedes Benz tests: MB OM611 and OM441LA.
MB 228.5 - UHPD (Ultra High Performance Diesel) engine oil for heavily loaded diesel engines of commercial trucks that meet Euro 1 and Euro 2 environmental standards, with an extended interval (45 - 90 thousand km), in accordance with the recommendations of the automaker. Compliance with ACEA B2/E4, ACEA E5.
MB 228.51 - All-weather engine oil for heavily loaded diesel engines of commercial trucks that meet Euro 4 requirements, with an extended drain interval (up to 100 thousand). Oils are distinguished by a low content of sulfate ash content, a limited content of phosphorus and sulfur. ACEA E6 compliant.
МВ 226.0/1 - Seasonal/all-weather engine oils for diesel engines of passenger cars without turbocharging. The oil has a short drain interval and meets the requirements of CCMS PD1.
МВ 227.0/1 - Seasonal/all-weather engine oils for diesel engines of old vehicles without turbocharging. Extended drain interval, ACEA E1-96 compliant.
MB 227.5 - The requirements are the same as in sheet 227.1, but these oils can also be used in gasoline engines.
MB 229.1 - Motor oils for passenger cars with diesel and gasoline engines manufactured from 1998 to 2002. This standard exceeds the requirements of ACEA A3/B3.
MB 229.3 - Motor oils for passenger cars with extended drain intervals (up to 30,000 km). Oils are not used in engines with particulate filters, exceed the requirements of ACEA A3 / B4 standards.
MB 229.31 - LA (low ash) oils for engines of cars and vans, with particulate filters. Particularly for W211 E200 CDI, E220 CDI. The minimum content of sulfate ash (up to 0.8%). The approval was introduced on 07.2003. On its basis, in 2004, the ACEA C3 class was developed.
MB 229.5 - Oils for passenger car engines with extended drain intervals that meet increased environmental requirements and exceed the requirements of ACEA A3 / B4 standards. This category of oils provides fuel savings of 2%. Not applicable to engines with diesel particulate filters.
MB 229.51 - Engine oils for modern gasoline and diesel engines with particulate filters. Oils of this approval provide for an extended replacement interval (20 thousand km.) Compliance with ACEA A3 / B4 and C3 requirements. All oils in this category are made on a synthetic or semi-synthetic basis. The permit was introduced in 2005.

BMW engine oil approvals

BMW Longlife-98 - Engine oils for special gasoline engines since 1998. Extended drain interval (up to 15 thousand km.). ACEA A3/B3 compliant.
BMW Longlife-01 - Engine oils for special gasoline engines from 09/2001 with extended oil change intervals. ACEA A3/B3 compliant.
BMW Longlife-01 FE - Gasoline engines manufactured after 2001. Specification for engines in which the use of low-viscosity oils is allowed to save fuel (for example, gasoline engines with Valvetronic).
BMW Longlife-04 - The approval was introduced in 2004 for engine oils approved for use in modern BMW car engines. These oils are recommended for all diesel engines with particulate filters.

Opel engine oil approvals

GM-LL-A-025 - Car oils for gasoline engines of passenger cars. The basic tolerance requirements are in accordance with the ACEA A3 standard.
GM-LL-B-025 - Car oils for diesel engines of passenger cars. Basic approval requirements are in accordance with ACEA B3/B4 standards.

Ford engine oil approvals

WSS-M2C 912A1 - Engine oils for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars, except for 1.9TDI-Diesel (Ford Galaxy) and Ford Fiesta 1.4TDCI. The specification is based on ACEA A1/B1 (HTHS viscosity 2.9 mPa/s).
WSS-M2C 913A - Engine oils for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars, except for 1.9TDI-Diesel (Ford Galaxy) and Ford Fiesta 1.4TDCI. Specification based on ACEA A1/B1, developed from WSS-M2C 912A1 (HTHS viscosity 2.9 mPa/s).
WSS-M2C 913B - Engine oils for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars, including Ford Fiesta 1.4TDCI. The specification is based on ACEA A1/B1 (HTHS viscosity 2.9 mPa/s).
WSS-M2C 913C - Engine oils for gasoline and diesel engines. Updated specification.
WSS-M2C 917A - Engine oils for 1.9 TDI diesel engines (Ford Galaxy). The specification is based on ACEA A3/B3.

Rover engine oil approvals

RES-22.OL G4 - Variable viscosity oils based on CCMC G4 with special group tests for oils modified for reduced friction.
RES-22.OL PD2/D5 - Diesel oils with appropriate CCMC specifications and with special group tests for oils modified for reduced friction.

Porsche engine oil approvals

The Porsche factory periodically publishes information about oils that have been tested and approved for all engines. Tested oils are characterized by extended oil change intervals.
The Porsche A40 standard requires high oil degradation resistance. This specification applies to all Porsche engines, with the exception of the Cayenne V6 and diesel versions (for these engines, oils that meet the Porsche C30 standard are used).

Renault engine oil approvals

RN 0700 - Engine oil for naturally aspirated gasoline engines with increased requirements for compatibility with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, with the exception of Renault Sport. This standard applies to all Renault diesel vehicles equipped with a 1.5 DCi engine without DPF (diesel particulate filter) up to 100 hp. Service interval up to 20 thousand km or 1 year.
RN 0710 - Engine oil with increased requirements for compatibility with exhaust gas aftertreatment systems for turbocharged gasoline engines including Renault Sport and diesel engines without a particulate filter from the Renault, Dacia, Samsung group. Except 1.5 DCi engines without DPF (diesel particulate filter) up to 100 hp
RN 0720 - Engine oil for diesel engines of the new generation, with turbocharging and particulate filter. ACEA C4 compliant + additional Renault requirements.

FIAT Group engine oil approvals

9.55535-G1 - Oils that guarantee fuel economy and extended service intervals for gasoline engines.
9.55535-D2 - Oils with standard characteristics for diesel engines.
9.55535-H2 - Oils for gasoline engines, have a consistently high viscosity at high temperatures. The basic requirements are in accordance with API SM, ACEA A3-04/B3-04.
9.55535-H3 - Oils for gasoline engines with high performance.
9.55535-M2 - Oils for engines with extended service intervals. Basic requirements comply with ACEA A3-04/B4-04, GM-LL-B-025.
9.55535-N2 - Engine oils with extended service intervals, for both diesel and turbocharged gasoline engines. ACEA A3-04/B4-04 compliant.
9.55535-S1 - Energy-saving oils with extended service intervals for gasoline engines with a three-way catalyst and diesel engines with a particulate filter (DPF). ACEA C2 compliant.
9.55535-S2 - Oils with an extended drain interval for gasoline and diesel engines with a three-way catalyst and a particulate filter. Compliance with requirements: ACEA C3, MB 229.51, API SM/CF.

PSA Peugeot - Citroen engine oil approvals

PSA B71 2290 - Oils for diesel engines with a particulate filter, have a reduced content of sulphated ash, sulfur and phosphorus (MidSAPS / Low SAPS). Euro 5 emissions compliance. General specifications: ACEA C2/C3 + Peugeot - Citroen additional tests.
PSA B71 2294 - General specs: ACEA A3/B4 and C3 + Peugeot - Citroen additional tests.
PSA B71 2295 - Standard for pre-1998 engines. General specifications: ACEA A2/B2.
PSA B71 2296 - General specs: ACEA A3/B4 + Peugeot - Citroen additional tests.

Motor oils, by definition, cannot meet a single standard. Different engines and types of gearboxes, operating conditions - all these factors make it necessary to produce technical fluids with different parameters.

So that consumers (car factories and car owners) do not get confused about the compatibility of consumables with units, it was decided to create a system of quality standards.

Initially, oils were classified only by viscosity (SAE). Then the API (American Petroleum Institute) quality system was created, which was used in North America.

Immediately after its introduction, the Association of European Engineers developed a similar ACEA oil classification for the European market. Both standards exist in parallel without conflicting with each other.

What does the standard say?

The ACEA engine oil classification was developed to lobby the interests of European automakers. In addition, the "support group" included several US concerns with branches in Europe.

Here is an incomplete list of the founders of the standard: BMW, Volkswagen AG, Porshe, Daimler, Land Rover, Jaguar, Fiat, PSA, Renault, Ford-Europe, GM-Europe, Crysler-Europe, Toyota, MAN, Volvo, SAAB-Scania, DAF. How is it decrypted (more precisely, what information does the standard contain)?

What to look for when buying engine oil - video consultation

If the SAE abbreviation speaks only of viscosity, then ACEA contains data on compatibility with specific engines. Moreover, the lists of compatible units are coordinated with automobile concerns - participants in the certification program.

The ACEA classification contains minimum basic requirements for the quality of oils. That is, their observance (as opposed to selection according to SAE) guarantees trouble-free operation of the engine or gearbox. In addition, this classification provides information on the following parameters and properties:

• base base;
• a set of additional additives;
• chemical composition;
• physical properties;
• purpose (type of fuel, engine load, operating conditions of the unit).

Markings and their meanings

The ACEA engine oil classification can be printed on the packaging along with other standards such as API, ILSAC and GOST.

Important! From the point of view of the consumer, it is this certificate that guarantees high quality. The conditions for testing oils to obtain the ACEA specification are significantly higher compared to other standards. European requirements are tougher than North American, Asian and Russian ones.

Despite the compactness of the classifier (for example, ACEA A1 / B1), the abbreviation contains quite a lot of information. During the existence of the standard (since 1996), the layout of symbols has changed several times.

The first certification options involved separate marking for gasoline and diesel engines (ACEA A or ACEA B). Since 2004, all oils submitted for approval are simultaneously tested for all types of fuel.

It makes no sense to memorize abbreviations with a mono tolerance, such consumables are no longer produced.

Modern oils certified immediately for all types of fuel are labeled with the class indicated through a fraction: for example, ACEA A1 / B1.

The main classification of oils according to the ACEA standard (including obsolete)

1. Class A - Compatibility with gasoline-only power plants is certified. The content of sulfur and sulphated ash is higher than modern Euro environmental safety standards.
2. Class B - approval is suitable for heavy fuel engines. Load class for the diesel power unit: "Light Duty", that is, light and medium. The percentage of sulphated ash is reduced to modern standards, the sulfur content is quite high.
3. Class C - the standard is designed for a fairly large range of motors. Works with gasoline engines equipped with a catalytic converter, as well as diesel engines equipped with a particulate filter. Characterized by medium and low content of sulphated ash and sulfur, the oil meets high environmental safety requirements.
4. Class E - A fairly narrow standard designed for powerful diesel engines operating in harsh "Heavy Duty" conditions.

Detailed ACEA classification

After 2012, ACEA introduced many additional subclasses:

• For passenger cars equipped with diesel and petrol engines. Light to medium load is assumed. 4 ACEA engine oil categories: A3/B4, A1/B1, A3/B3, A5/B5;
• For commercial diesel vehicles and heavy trucks in categories C1 to C4, the engine must comply with Euro 4 environmental standards;
• For engines running on any fuel, if there are exhaust gas purification systems (catalyst, DPF) in the design, there are 4 more categories: E4, E6, E7, E9.

The last digit indicates a consistent increase in the quality and compatibility class. If ACEA A3/B3 oil is specified in the power plant, then ACEA A5/B5 can be filled in it. There is no backward compatibility.

Details about ACEA classes - video

The most popular categories with decoding:

• A1/B1 - Resistant to oil stratification, designed for extended drain intervals. Little friction loss. The main application is gasoline and diesel engines operating at low loads. The classifier is not universal - you should study the tolerances of the car manufacturer.
• A3 / B3 - Designed for gasoline engines with a high degree of forcing, including turbocharged ones. When operating with diesel fuel, on the contrary, they are used on lightly loaded internal combustion engines. Universal weather operation, extended drain intervals.
• A3 / B4 - Development of the previous specification: it is allowed to work on turbocharged diesel engines with high boost. They are backwards compatible with A3/B3.
• A5/B5 is a relatively new standard that incorporates the advantages (more precisely, the requirements) of the previous classifications. In addition to environmental tolerances, the oil belongs to the category of highly economical. In addition, the lubricant is practically not consumed "for waste". It is backwards compatible with previous classes. The only exception is the lack of compatibility with specific engines (indicated in the maintenance instructions).

Important! If there are several quality standards on the packaging with engine oil, it is better to focus on ACEA.