Any person close to the land knows that without mineral fertilizers high yields cannot be achieved. By observing the required proportions of their application, you can get excellent results and good income from the sale of your products. The RUM-5 unit, called a fertilizer spreader, will help you quickly and accurately distribute them across the field.
This device has been made since 1985 in the city of Neftekamsk, at the Bashselmash enterprise. Its more modern name is MVU-5. Factory designers have developed a unit very similar to the popular 1-RMG-4 spreader. The differences between the new machine, attached to the MTZ-80, are the operation of all mechanisms from the tractor power take-off shaft, as well as the chassis, made of the “tandem” type. The design became more advanced over time, but did not undergo fundamental changes.
Purpose
With this unit it is possible to fertilize the soil with solids of varying densities in the form of powder, granules or crystals. In particular, it can be ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium salt, dolomite and lime flour, and other fertilizers. They can be applied to the soil in spring or autumn, as well as summer feeding of intensively growing grains.
Can be used in all regions except highlands. With its help, not only fertilizers are scattered and transported, but also sand, lime, and various chemical substances in a granular state.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- Easy unit setup, ease of use.
- Regulating the dose of fertilizer by changing the height of the sowing slot. The instructions for the machine provide this data for each type of fertilizer.
- It is possible to scatter useful substances both across the entire width of the field, and only along the edges or in the middle.
- The presence of a mechanism that ensures maximum uniformity of fertilizing across the entire width (to the maximum).
Flaws:
- Compared to mounted spreaders equipped with a very precise dosing system, the uniformity of operation is slightly lower.
- Inability to move independently - you need a tractor.
Photo of mineral fertilizer spreader RUM-5 
Device
The metal frame is equipped with a drawbar and a loop for attachment to the tractor. The five-ton welded body, where fertilizers are poured, is part of the frame. There is a plate-and-rod type conveyor located inside the body. It is driven either by the tractor power take-off shaft (if more than six tons of fertilizer is applied per hectare), or (with less fertilizer) by a shaft located inside the axle shaft of the right rear running wheel.
The conveyor delivers the bulk mass to centrifugal-type seeding discs, each of which is equipped with four blades with grooves fixed perpendicular to each other. The movement on them comes from the tractor PTO. The transmission of motion involves a cardan, bevel-type gearboxes, V-belt-type profiles and satellite shafts.
To ensure that fertilizers are unloaded more evenly, the body has a bimetallic fertilizer guide panel installed on the side supports. The dosing gate, moving on skids at the rear of the body, is controlled by a steering wheel mounted on the shaft. Two sprockets that engage with the slats allow you to adjust the height of the damper.
The chassis is a trolley with balancers, designed as a “tandem” type and without springs. The split-type wheel is attached with six studs and nuts to the hub, which has a drum for braking. The unit has two types of brakes: mechanical (intended for braking while parking) and pneumatic, single-line. The latter is controlled from the tractor cabin by a pedal. You can manually brake using a crane. This stops the front wheels.
There is a plug for connection to the tractor's electrical system. Alarm devices are connected with a separate wiring harness. There are two lights at the rear of the unit.
RUM-5 spreader diagram 
1 - bunker; 2 - feeder: 3 - drum-chopper; 4 - counter plate; 5 - separating device; 6 - rotor; 7 - conveyor
Specifications
Technical characteristics of the RUM-5 mineral fertilizer spreader:
| Characteristics | Indicators | Unit measurements |
| Spreading granules: | ||
| up to 148000 | m2/h | |
| Capture | 14-20 | m |
| Spreading crystalline fertilizers: | ||
| Performance (at 12 km/h) | up to 80000 | m2/h |
| Capture | 10-14 | m |
| Powder spreading: | ||
| Performance (at 12 km/h) | up to 40000 | m2/h |
| Capture | 8-12 | m |
| Common parameters: | ||
| Device type | semi-trailer | |
| Main tractor class | MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 | |
| Tractor traction class | 1,4 | |
| Load capacity (maximum) | 5 | T |
| Speed (operating) | up to 15 | km/h |
| Speed (transport) | up to 25 | km/h |
| Fertilizer application rate | 10-100 | g/m2 |
| Height (loading, from ground) | up to 2.5 | m |
| Track | 1,8 | m |
| Longitudinal base | 3,73 | m |
| Clearance | 0,35 | m |
| Weight (structural, dry) | 2,06 | T |
| Length | 5,35 | m |
| Height | 2 | m |
| Width | 2,152 | m |
The video shows the operating principle of the RUM-5 fertilizer spreader using the MVU-6 model as an example:
To apply fertilizers to the field surface, mounted, trailed and self-propelled machines equipped with centrifugal, pneumatic or auger distribution circuits are used.
Machine MVU-6 designed for transporting and sifting mineral fertilizers and low-dust lime materials over the soil surface. The vehicle is a single-axle semi-trailer with a body mounted on the frame. 2 (Fig. 4.4, a), scattering apparatus 4 , fertilizer guide, mechanisms and transmissions.
The all-metal welded body has inclined sides and a flat bottom, along which the upper branch of the chain-slat conveyor moves 7 . The conveyor is put on chains on the sprockets of the drive shaft and the rollers of the driven shafts and is driven from the running wheel by a chain drive. 3 or from the tractor PTO through a transmission gearbox and chain drive 3 . When applying fertilizers at a dose of 200...2000 kg/ha, the first drive option is used, and when applying ameliorants at a dose of 1000...10,000 kg/ha, the second option is used. Switching gears from the first option to the second and back is carried out by turning the gear lever located on the left on the machine frame to the “On” or “Off” position. A window is cut out in the rear wall of the body 8 for supplying fertilizers from the body to the sowing device 4 .
A damper is used to change the height of the window and regulate the dose of fertilizer. 9 , which the mechanism 10 move up and down. Fiber guide 5 serves to divide the fertilizer flow into two equal parts. It consists of a flow divider 11 (Fig. 4.4, b) and two removable trays 12 . By rearranging the fastening bolts in holes A, B and C, the slope of the trays and the location of the fertilizer supply to the disks are changed.
Rice. 4.4. Vehicle MVU-6: a – general view; b – scattering apparatus; c – scheme for sowing fertilizers; 1 – awning; 2 – body; 3 – drive; 4 – scattering apparatus;
5 – fertilizer guide; 6 – disk drive; 7 – feeder conveyor; 8 – window; 9 – damper; 10 – steering wheel of the damper movement mechanism, 11 – divider;
12 – trays; 13 – blade; 14 – disk; A, B, C – holes
The scattering device is equipped with two disks 14 , on the surface of which the blades are fixed 13 . The disks are fixed on the vertical shafts of the gearboxes 6 and are driven into rotation by the tractor PTO.
The working process. Fertilizers are loaded into the body by a loader, driven out into the field and transferred to the feeder conveyor and discs. As the machine moves across the field, a rod conveyor moves a layer of fertilizer from the body, equal in thickness to the height of the window, and dumps it in a continuous stream onto the fertilizer divider. Divided into two streams, fertilizers arrive on rotating disks, are carried away by them into rotation and are scattered across the field in a strip of width BP (Fig. 4.4, c).
Adjustments. For aggregation with MVU-6, the required PTO rotation speed is set on the tractor (1000 rpm). Using the table, select the position of the damper for a given dose of fertilizer application and rotate the steering wheel 10 (Fig. 4.4, a) align the edge of the damper with the corresponding scale division number. Uniform distribution of fertilizers across the sieving width In p(Fig. 4.4, c) depends on the inclination of the trays and the location on the disks of the zone into which the fertilizers are supplied. Rearranging trays in holes A(Fig. 4.4, b), B And IN, change the direction of sowing fertilizers and achieve the required uniformity. If the trays are secured in the hole A, then the concentration of fertilizers in the middle of the sieving strip increases if in the hole IN- along its edges.
The width of the sieving strip when applying granular fertilizers reaches 16 m, crystalline and low-dust ameliorants - 10 m. Operating speed is up to 15 km/h. The dose of fertilizers with the feeder driven by the wheel is 200...2000 kg/ha, ameliorants (driven by the PTO) - 1000...10000 kg/ha. The machine is aggregated with tractors of classes 1,4 and 2.
Machines RUM-5-03, PSh-21.6, equipped with a rod-pneumatic distribution device, are designed for uniform distribution of mineral fertilizers during their main application and feeding of grain crops cultivated using intensive technology.
The RUM-5-03 car consists of a body 5 (Fig. 4.5, a), fertilizer guide 15 , right 9 and left 1 rods, pneumatic systems, running wheels 12 and drive mechanism. The welded body is equipped with a rod conveyor 14 , protective mesh 6 , dosing valve 4 with movement mechanism 3 and a tarpaulin awning.
When sifting fertilizers, the conveyor 14 It is driven from the rear support wheel through a drive roller and a double-circuit chain transmission. To unload unused fertilizers from the body, the conveyor is driven from the tractor PTO through a gear mounted in front of the body. The support wheels are spaced for a track width of 1800 mm.
The fertilizer guide, installed under the rear end of the conveyor, is divided into fourteen sections. Each section is equipped with a receiver, a rotary valve, a pipe and a nozzle. The pipe of each section is connected to the air distributor 13 pneumatic systems, and the nozzle - with a corresponding distribution pipe 11 . The boom sections consist of a frame, a package of plastic distribution pipes 11 different lengths, guides, dividing device and reflectors mounted on spray tips 10 pipes
The pneumatic system includes two fans 8 , two air ducts 7 and two air distributors 13 , mounted on the sides of the body. The air distributor pipes are connected by pipes to the fertilizer guide pipes.
When the machine is moving, the conveyor 14 delivers fertilizer through a window located under the metering flap 4 , into the thread guide 15 . Receivers distribute fertilizers evenly across the pipes, are captured by the air flow created in the nozzles by fans, and are fed into the pipes 11 rod
Rice. 4.5. Machines for applying mineral fertilizers with increased uniformity: a – RUM-5-OZ; b – STT-10; c – RSHU-12; 1, 9, 35, 40 – rods; 2 – feeder-divider; 3, 25 – damper movement mechanisms; 4, 21, 26, 33 – dampers; 5, 22 – bodies; 6, 23 – grids; 7 – air duct; 8 – fan; 10 – sawing tip; 11 – pipe; 12, 19 – wheels; 13 – air distributor; 14, 27 – conveyors; 15, 17 – fertilizer guides; 16 – distribution device; 18 – chain drive; 20, 24 – shafts; 28, 29 – rotors; 30 – shoulder blade; 31 – bunker; 32 – turner; 34 – drive; 36 – traction; 37 – spiral conveyor; 38 – regulator; 39 – receiving trays; 41 – asterisk; 42 – exhaust holes
Fertilizer comes out of the pipes through the tips 10 in the form of an air mixture and reflectors are sent to the field.
The application dose is changed from 100 to 1000 kg/ha by moving the damper 4
The machine is aggregated with MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 tractors. Body capacity is 5 tons, working width is 12 m, operating speed is up to 10 km/h, productivity with an application dose of 220 kg/ha is up to 7 ha/h.
Machine STT-10 Designed for applying mineral fertilizers with increased uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the area. The unevenness index does not exceed ±15%. STT-10 is used for feeding grain crops cultivated using intensive technology, as well as for transporting fertilizers, grain and other bulk materials with unloading them through a window in the rear wall of the body.
The car consists of a body 22 (Fig. 4.5, b), conveyor 27 , metering flap 26 , distribution device 16 , mounted on a frame in front of the body, two conveyor drive mechanisms. The body is covered with a folding mesh on top 23 , preventing large objects from getting into it when loading fertilizers.
The distribution device includes two rotors 28 And 29, rotating around a horizontal axis, and two fertilizer guides 17 . The rotors are equipped with internal and external blades 30 . When applying fertilizer, the conveyor is driven by the front shaft 24 , receiving rotation from the front wheel through a driveshaft and two-stage transmission 18.
When the machine moves, the conveyor moves forward and supplies fertilizer to the fertilizer guides through a dosing hole in the front wall of the body. 17 . The latter direct the flow of fertilizers to the rotor blades, rotating in opposite directions with a frequency of 810 min –1. Due to the different inclination of the blades, the rotors scatter fertilizers into four working zones and distribute them across the field.
The dose of fertilizer in the range from 100 to 2000 kg/ha is controlled by a damper 26 , the position of which is selected according to the table.
To unload residual fertilizers, as well as transported materials, the conveyor is driven by the rear shaft 20 , receiving rotation from the tractor PTO. The conveyor moves the material to the rear wall of the body and dumps it through the window onto the ground. The unloading window is closed with a damper when applying fertilizers and transporting materials. 21 .
The machine is coupled with the MTZ-80 tractor. Its working width is 10...15 m, working speed is 10...15 km/h, productivity is up to 18 ha/h.
Machine RSHU-12, equipped with a screw distribution device, ensures high uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the surface of arable land when feeding crops cultivated using intensive technology. The machine consists of a hopper 31 (Fig. 4.5, c), two rods 35 , 40 and drive mechanism. The hopper has two outlets with dampers 33 , which are controlled from the tractor cabin. Turners are installed on the inclined walls of the bunker 32 performing oscillatory movements. Rods made of pipe have the shape of a closed loop, inside which a spiral conveyor moves 37 . There are outlet holes at the bottom of the working branches of the rods 42 with dampers connected by a rod 36 with regulator lever 38 . The conveyor spiral is driven by a helical sprocket 41 transmission mechanism from the tractor PTO.
The working process. With the PTO engaged and the dampers open 33 fertilizers from the bunker 31 arrive in receiving trays 39 and are poured onto moving spiral conveyors 37 . The latter move fertilizer along the working branches of the booms and push them through the outlet holes onto the field surface. Excess fertilizer is returned along the return branches of the booms to the receiving trays.
Adjustments. The dose of fertilizer application is set depending on the cross-section of the outlet holes and the speed of movement. To do this, turn the regulator lever 38 , moving the flaps of all outlets. The position of the lever is selected according to the table for the given norms and speed of the machine.
The machine's working width is 12 m, application dose is 60...300 kg/ha, operating speed is up to 12 km/h. The machine is aggregated with tractors of classes 1,4 and 2.
Machines for intrasoil application are equipped with fertilizer sowing systems and working elements for incorporating fertilizers into the soil with tapes or lines to a depth of 15 cm.
Mounted machine MVU-0.5A(Fig. 4.6) is designed for sowing mineral fertilizers and green manure seeds onto the field surface. Green manures are plants (lupine, mustard, etc.) used as green fertilizer. The vegetative mass of these plants is mowed down and incorporated into the soil using tillage machines.
The machine consists of a hopper 15 (Fig. 4.6, a) with a volume of 0.5 m 3, arch destroyer 14 , feeder 12 , dispenser, damper control mechanism, centrifugal scattering device 11 , drive and linkage. The hopper has the shape of a truncated cone, closed on top with a mesh and a hinged lid 1 . There is an inspection window on the front wall of the bunker to monitor filling and emptying, and two windows in the bottom 13 for sowing fertilizers. Bunker-mounted vault destroyer 14 pivotally connected to the drive shaft shank. Blades are attached to the arch-breaker rod at the bottom, and a support wheel at the top.
The dispenser, installed under the bottom of the hopper, consists of two rotary valves 20 And 21 (Fig. 4.6, b), pivotally mounted on the drive bearing housing. The flaps have projections with holes 19 , numbered 1...6 with signs “–” and “+”. Each damper has two outlet windows A And B, located so that the upper shutter window is above the lower shutter window. Window cross section A And B depends on the relative position of the dampers. Window A And B combined with windows 13 at the bottom of the bunker.
The damper control mechanism consists of a sector 5 (Fig. 4.6, a), handles 3 , mobile stop 4, hydraulic cylinder 2 and traction 10 . The latter are made of three links: an end L-shaped rod 18 , screw ties 17 and rod 16. End rod 18 with a bent end fits into one of the holes 19 , and the rod 16 connected to a fist mounted on the handle shaft 3 . Hydraulic cylinder rod 2 connected to another fist welded to the handle shaft. When moving the handle 3 all the way 4 or hydraulic cylinder rod 2 (when oil is supplied to the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder), the dampers rotate relative to each other, as a result of which the cross-section of the windows changes A And B(Fig. 4.6, b), through which fertilizers from the bunker are supplied to the disk of the fertilizer dispersing apparatus 11 (Fig. 4.6, a).
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Rice. 4.6. Machine MVU-0.5A: a – general view; b – dispenser; 1 – hopper cover;
2 – hydraulic cylinder; 3 – handle; 4 – mobile stop; 5 – sector; 6 – gearbox;
7 – hitch; 8 – belt drives; 9 – frame; 10 – traction; 11 – scattering apparatus; 12 – feeding device; 13 – window; 14 – vault destroyer; 15 – bunker;
16, 18 – rods; 17 – screed; 19 – holes; 20, 21 – dampers; A, B – windows
Feeding device 12 scraper type is a rotating rotor with blades that act on the lower layer of fertilizer and ensure continuous flow through the windows 13 , A And B onto the rotating disc of the scattering device.
Centrifugal screening apparatus 11 consists of a rotating disk, closed on top with a lid, and radial blades located between it. There is a window in the center of the lid directly below the dispenser. A dividing cone is attached to the disk, with its apex facing upward.
The drive of the MVU-0.5A machine consists of a gearbox 6 and two belt drives 8 for driving the arch destroyer and the disk of the fertilizer scatterer. The machine is also equipped with a replaceable pneumatic centrifugal seeding device for broadcast sowing of grain seeds, perennial grasses and other crops. It is installed instead of a centrifugal apparatus.
Machine working process. When the PTO is turned on, the arch breaker shaft, feeder rotor and scattering disk rotate. The arch-breaker blades turn the central column of fertilizers located in the bunker, the feeder scrapers push the fertilizers into the sowing windows A And B. Fertilizers flow in a continuous stream onto the disc dividing cone and are carried into rotation. Under the influence of centrifugal force, particles move along the surface and blades of the disk, reach its outer edge and are scattered in a fan-shaped flow (to the right - back - left) over the soil surface.
Adjustments. The dose of fertilizers and green manure seeds (in kg/ha) is adjusted by moving the dampers 20 , 21 and changing the speed of the unit. The set dose of fertilizer application is ensured by moving the stop 4 by sector 5 . The corresponding division of the scale on the sector is selected from the table. To ensure uniformity (symmetry) of fertilizer distribution across the width of the sifting strip, the end rods are rearranged 18 traction 10 in the holes 19 flaps The appropriate hole is selected according to the table.
The width of the screening strip for granular fertilizers is 16...24 m, crystalline - 8...10 m, green manure - 8...12 m. Operating speed is 6...15 km/h. The dose of fertilizer is 400...1000 kg/ha, green manure - 10...200 kg/ha. MVU-0.5A is aggregated with tractors of class 0.6...2.
Single-axle hydraulically powered mineral fertilizer spreader 1-RMG-4(Fig. 4.7) is intended for surface application of mineral fertilizers and lime materials.
The main components of the spreader include: frame with body 1 , rod conveyor 2 , dosing device 4 , fertilizer guide 10 , spreading device 5, wind protection device 6 , running wheels 8 with brake system. The rear side of the body has a window for the passage of the conveyor and fertilizers.
The conveyor is driven by the running wheel 8 via video 7, pressed against the running wheel by a hydraulic cylinder.
Fiber guide channel 10 divided into two arms with hinged walls 11 . This connection of the walls allows you to adjust the location of the supply of fertilizer mass to the disks 12 spreading device. The fertilizer guide mount is designed so that it can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the body.
The spreading device consists of two discs with blades. The right disk is driven by a hydraulic motor. Rotation to the left disk from the right is transmitted using a V-belt through variator pulleys installed on the lower sides of both disks. The hydraulic motor of the spreading device is driven by the tractor hydraulic system. The spreader is equipped with a windproof device.
Prepared mineral fertilizers or lime materials are loaded into the spreader body using loading means. The unit goes to the place where fertilizers are applied. The tractor driver turns on the hydraulic system: the hydraulic cylinder rotates the spreading discs, and the power cylinder presses the roller to the road wheel. With the movement of the unit, fertilizers are supplied to the spreading device.
Rice. 4.7. Mineral fertilizer spreader 1-RMG-4: a – technological diagram; b – diagram of the fertilizer guide; 1 – body; 2 – rod conveyor;
3 – hydraulic cylinder; 4 – dosing device; 5 – spreading device; 6 – windproof device; 7 – pneumatic roller; 8 – running wheels; 9 – trailer support; 10 – fertilizer guide; 11 – hinged inner wall; 12 – spreading discs; 13 – blades
The fertilizer application rate is regulated by changing the conveyor drive gear ratio and the size of the gap above the conveyor using a slide valve on the rear wall of the body. The gap size for different types of fertilizers and application rates are taken from the table, which is placed on a metal plate and attached to the rear side of the spreader body.
The uniform distribution of fertilizers across the working width is adjusted by moving the fertilizer guide 10 along its guides and changing the position of the movable dividing walls 11 .
The 1-RMG-4 spreader is aggregated with tractors of traction class 14 kN, equipped with a hydraulic hook and terminals for connecting electrical equipment.
Adjusting fertilizer seeding. Disc spreaders are installed for sowing fertilizers according to the tables in the factory manuals. They indicate at what scale division the metering valve should be set for a given sowing of fertilizers, depending on the working width, machine speed and volumetric mass of fertilizers.
Under production conditions, these indicators may differ from the table values. With an increase in the speed of movement of the unit and the width of the sieving strip, the sowing of fertilizers decreases, and with an increase in the volumetric mass, it increases. This should be taken into account when setting the metering valve lever to the regulator scale division.
Tabular seeding indicator Q t(kg/ha), according to which the dosing device is installed, should be determined by the formula
(4.1)
Where Q 3– specified fertilizer sowing rate, kg/ha; v r– operating speed of the unit, km/h; v t– table speed of the unit, km/h; In p– actual working width, m; In t– working width indicated in the table, m; γ g– volumetric mass of sown fertilizers, kg/dm 3 ; γ T – volumetric mass indicated in the table, kg/dm 3.
After installing the dosing device, according to the table in the factory manual, an experimental check of fertilizer sowing is carried out. To do this, place a container under the dosing device and, turning on the gear, collect fertilizers in it for 1...2 minutes.
Lots of fertilizers q(kg), which must be sown, is found by the formula
Where Q– fertilizer sowing rate, kg/ha; IN– working width, m; v– operating speed, km/h; t– duration of experiment, min.
To check seeding in the field, a weighed portion of fertilizer is poured into the bunker. After sowing, the area covered with fertilizers is measured and the actual sowing is calculated. Qg(kg/ha) fertilizers according to the formula
(4.3)
Where G– weight of the sample, kg; S– coverage area, m2.
The check can be performed by comparing the actual headland length obtained during fertilizer sieving with the calculated one l calculation(m). The headland length measured after sowing should be equal to the calculated one.
The MVU-6 machine is designed for transportation and surface continuous application of mineral fertilizers and low-dusting lime materials into the soil in the soil-climatic zones: Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic states, North Caucasus, Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Moldova.
The unit increases yield by 40% and also accelerates the ripening of vegetable and grain crops.
The machine is aggregated with a tractor of traction classes 1.4...2 (MTZ-80, MTZ-82), equipped with a hydraulic traction hook, a rear power take-off shaft with a rotation speed of 1000 rpm, terminals for connecting electrical equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic braking systems. It is served by a tractor driver.
Device
The MVU-6 machine is a semi-trailer equipped with a transporting and two dispersing centrifugal-type working bodies. The car body is metal, all-welded, and consists of sides and a frame. To access it, a ladder is used, which in the transport position is installed in brackets on board. The fertilizer guide includes a flow divider and two trays, which, depending on their installation (three positions), can redistribute the material supply across the width of the seeding strip. The feeder conveyor and scattering discs are driven from the tractor PTO or separately (feeder conveyor from the machine's running wheel, scattering discs from the tractor PTO). The tension of the feeder conveyor is carried out by moving the spring-loaded axle using bolts.
The machine has two independent brake drives: a pneumatic one, operating from the tractor pneumatic system, and a mechanical manual one. The pneumatic brake drive serves to brake the machine and tractor simultaneously while moving and when stopping and is activated when the tractor brake pedal is pressed. The manual mechanical drive of the brakes is used to slow down the vehicle when parked (parking brake). Braking is performed by rotating the handle clockwise, releasing the brake - counterclockwise.
The electrical equipment system includes two front and rear lights, a license plate light and a wiring harness for power supply from the tractor electrical network. The principle of operation of the machine is as follows: fertilizer (applied material) is supplied by a feeder conveyor from the machine body through a metering valve and fertilizer guide to the disks, which disperse it in a fan-shaped flow over the soil surface.
Specifications
Weight kg
Dimensions:
Length mm
Width mm
Height mm
Track mm
Load capacity t
Can be mounted with tractors
Tire pressure MPa
Productivity ha/h when applied
granular fertilizers with a density of 1100 kg/m2
lime materials
Working width m when applying
granular fertilizers
lime materials
Transport speed no more than km/h
Number of service personnel
Moscow StateAgricultural Engineering University
them. V. P. GoryachkinaDepartment of Tillage Machines
Moscow 2000
Machine for applying mineral fertilizers MVU-6
The MVU-6 machine is designed for transportation and surface continuous application of mineral fertilizers and low-dusting lime materials into the soil in the soil-climatic zones: Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic states, North Caucasus, Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Moldova.
The machine is aggregated with a tractor of traction classes 1.4...2 (MTZ-80, MTZ-82), equipped with a hydraulic traction hook, a rear power take-off shaft with a rotation speed of 1000 rpm, terminals for connecting electrical equipment, hydraulic and pneumatic braking systems. It is served by a tractor driver.
Device
The MVU-6 machine (Fig. 1) is a semi-trailer equipped with a transporting and two dispersing centrifugal-type working bodies.
Rice. 1 Structure of the MVU-6 machine: 1- body; 2- stairs; 3- lights; 4- cardan shaft; 5- coupling device; 6- support; 7- handbrake handle; 8- receiver; 9- running system; 10- drive of the conveyor-feeder; 11- scattering disks; 12- bumper; 13-reflectors
The car body is metal, all-welded, and consists of sides and a frame. To access it, a ladder is used, which in the transport position is installed in brackets on board.
The fertilizer guide includes a flow divider and two trays, which, depending on their installation (three positions), can redistribute the material supply across the width of the seeding strip.
The feeder conveyor and scattering discs are driven from the tractor PTO or separately (feeder conveyor from the machine's running wheel, scattering discs from the tractor PTO). The tension of the feeder conveyor is carried out by moving the spring-loaded axle using bolts.
The machine has two independent brake drives: a pneumatic one, operating from the tractor pneumatic system, and a mechanical manual one. The pneumatic brake drive serves to brake the machine and tractor simultaneously while moving and when stopping and is activated when the tractor brake pedal is pressed. The manual mechanical drive of the brakes is used to slow down the vehicle when parked (parking brake). Braking is performed by rotating the handle clockwise, releasing the brake - counterclockwise.
The electrical equipment system includes two front and rear lights, a license plate light and a wiring harness for power supply from the tractor electrical network.
The principle of operation of the machine is as follows: fertilizer (applied material) is supplied by a feeder conveyor from the body of the machine through a metering valve and fertilizer guide to the disks, which disperse it in a fan-shaped flow over the soil surface (Fig. 2)
Operating procedure
Prepared mineral fertilizers (lime, gypsum-containing materials) are loaded into the vehicle body using loading equipment. Before starting work, the required application dose is set. Depending on the type and dose of the applied material, the adjustment comes down to adjusting the height of the seeding slot of the metering gate, installing fertilizer guide trays and ensuring the operation of the feeder conveyor drive from the tractor PTO or the machine's running wheel.
The metering valve is opened to a given application dose by rotating the steering wheel using a rack and pinion mechanism.
The uniformity of distribution of materials (fertilizers) on the application strip is determined visually and is regulated by installing trays. When applying granular and fine-crystalline mineral fertilizers, adjustable trays are installed on the divider, allowing you to change the location of the mass supply to the scattering discs. If they are installed along hole 1, then the concentration of applied fertilizers in the middle part of the sowed strip increases, if along hole 3 - along the edges of the sowed strip.
Calculated application doses at the corresponding bulk density, working width of scattering and forward speed of the unit are given in the tables depending on the drive of the feeder conveyor.
Maintenance
The reliability of the machine depends on the correct and timely implementation of its maintenance activities. During operation, the following types of maintenance are carried out:
during running-in, preparation for running-in and its completion;
ETO every 10 hours of operation;
TO-1 after 60 hours of work under load;
For inter-shift short-term and long-term storage;
Maintenance before the start of the TO-E work season.
When carrying out ETO, it is necessary to clean the machine from dirt and residues of introduced materials, rinse it with warm water, check the completeness and correctness of its assembly with the tractor, the tension of the feeder conveyor and the operation of the brakes; You should also make sure that the electrical equipment is working properly and check the tightness of the connections of the hydraulic and air brake systems.
During TO-1, all activities for shift maintenance are carried out, and the reliability of fastening of wheel gearboxes, dissipating disks, bearing housings and caps, the body to the axle of the balancing trolley, as well as the pressure in the wheel tires are additionally checked.
When installing a machine for long-term storage, it is washed, an external inspection is carried out, thoroughly cleaned of rust and damaged paint is restored; unpainted surfaces are coated with anti-corrosion lubricant; Plugs are put on the pipeline outlets, and the tension bolts of the feeder conveyor are loosened. After this, the machine is placed on a storage platform and lubricated.
Security measures
When running in and operating the machine, before starting work, it is necessary to inspect the fastenings of the main assembly units, check the presence of guards, protective covers and the tension of the feeder conveyor.
Before turning on the drive of the working parts, the tractor driver must give a warning signal and check the position of the power take-off shaft and gearbox engagement levers, which must be in the neutral position.
Changing wheels, adjusting wheel hub bearings, and adjusting brakes should be done with safety stands installed under the balancers. It is prohibited to transport people in the back of a machine, repair and maintenance while the tractor engine is running, movement across the field at a speed of more than 24 km/h, the presence of people in the area of a working machine (closer than 25 m), work without personal protective equipment, or with faulty brake systems and light alarm.
Fertilizer application rate is regulated by changing the size of the gap above the conveyor using a flap on the rear wall of the body. The slot size for different types of fertilizers and application rates is taken from the table in the instructions for the machine and placed on a metal plate on the rear side of the spreader body.
The fertilizer application rate is also regulated by changing the gear ratio of the feed conveyor drive mechanism by rearranging the drive chain to the corresponding pairs of sprockets.
Uniform distribution of fertilizers The working width is adjusted by moving the fertilizer guide along its guides and changing the position of the movable dividing walls.
Moving the fertilizer guide forward along the spreader leads to a change in the location of fertilizer supply closer to the periphery of the discs. This causes a decrease in the initial speed of fertilizer particles coming off the disks, which makes it possible to increase their concentration in the middle part of the sowed strip.
Moving the fertilizer guide in the opposite direction leads to a shift in the location of fertilizer supply closer to the centers of the disks, therefore, to an increase in the initial speed of particle collection, which makes it possible to increase the concentration of fertilizers along the edges of the sowed strip.
The same effect can be obtained by turning the movable dividing walls towards the centers of the spreading discs, and the reverse - in the opposite direction.
Feed conveyor belt tension it is regulated by moving its driven shaft using special screws. In this case, the conveyor bars must be adjacent to the floor of the body, and at the bottom have a deflection of up to 10 mm. Before adjustment, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the streams of the body floor from fertilizers. When making adjustments, you must ensure that the tension of the branches is the same. Particular care must be taken to monitor the correct adjustment of the conveyor in the first 30...50 hours of operation, when it is intensively stretched and run-in
The spreading width of the spreader is 6-14 m, depending on the applied fertilizer and weather conditions. With the wind protection device the working width is 6m. The spreader is combined with tractors of the 14 kN class, equipped with hydraulic hooks and plug connectors for connecting electrical equipment.
When preparing a tractor for operation with an MVU-5 spreader, a track of 1800 mm is installed. Check the pressure in the tires of the spreader wheels and, if necessary, bring it to the nominal level - 0.35 MPa.
Connect the spreader to the hydraulic hook of the tractor, raise the drawbar and fix it in the upper position. Install safety chains and electrical equipment of the tractor and spreader.
Before testing the machine in motion, the metering flap is raised so that the conveyor passes freely under the flap, and the bottom of the body is cleared of fertilizers. After this, the tension of the conveyor is adjusted by moving the driven shaft with tension screws. The tension is considered normal if its lower branch barely touches the guides. Excessive tension on the conveyor leads to intense wear. Conveyor skew and bent links are not allowed.
For the application of solid mineral fertilizers, in addition to the MVU-5 spreader, the industry produces machines similar in design and technological process 1-RMG-4, MVU-8 and MVU-16 with a lifting capacity of 4, 10 and 6 tons, respectively. They are aggregated with MTZ-80 tractors , T-150K these spreaders differ in design from MVU-5 in that their feed conveyors are driven by running wheels.
Spreader MVU-8
The MVU-8 spreader differs from the MVU-5 spreader in its greater load capacity and chassis design. The chassis is single-axle with a pair of right and left wheels connected in a “tandem” pattern. This design ensures smooth operation of the spreader on uneven fields.
The spreader feed conveyor is driven from the rear right wheel through a cardan shaft and chain drives. During operation of the spreader, the cardan shaft is connected to the axis of the running wheel by a coupling driven by the tractor hydraulic system. At the ends of the tracks this drive is switched off.
The drive of the MVU-8 spreading discs is carried out from the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the tractor through the cardan shaft, V-belt drives and bevel gearboxes, on the driven shafts of which they are attached.
The mechanisms for setting a given application rate and adjusting the uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the field surface are fundamentally no different from the design of the corresponding units on the 1-RMG-4 spreader, and the procedure for setting them is the same.
In the case of using MVU type spreaders for the transportation of bulk materials, the spreading discs are removed, the feed conveyor is driven from the tractor PTO, which allows the delivered material to be unloaded when the unit is stopped.
