Do-it-yourself gas 53 carburetor adjustment. Features of K126 carburetors - device, tuning and adjustment. Construction machines and equipment, reference book

Carburetor adjustment GAZ-53

The GAZ 53 carburetor has a two-chamber system, any of them works on 4 cylinders. The throttle valve is equipped with a drive immediately to both chambers, so the fuel is dosed synchronously to all cylinders. For optimal fuel consumption in various engine modes, several systems are provided in the carburetor to control the composition of the fuel mixture (TC).

It looks like a carburetor installed on a GAZ 53

The carburetor initially had the K126B brand, its next modification was K135 (K135M). Fundamentally, the models are practically the same, only the control scheme of the device has changed, and in the latest releases, a comfortable viewing window was removed from the float chamber. Now to see the level of gasoline has become unrealistic.

Device

K-135 is emulsified, with 2 chambers and falling flow.

Two chambers are independent of each other; through them, a combustible mixture is supplied to the cylinders through the intake pipe. One chamber serves from the 1st to the 4th cylinders, and the other all the others.

The air damper is located inside the float chamber, and is armed with 2 automatic valves. The main systems that are used in the carburetor operate on the principle of gasoline air braking, not counting the economizer.

In addition, each chamber has its own idle system, main dosing system and sprayers. The 2 chambers of the carburetor have in common only a cold engine start system, an accelerator pump, partly an economizer, which has one valve for two chambers, and also a drive mechanism. Separately, jets are installed on them, located in the atomizer block, and related to the economizer.

Any idle system has in its composition fuel and air jets, and two holes each in the mixing chamber. A screw with a rubber ring is installed on the bottom hole. The screw is designed to regulate the composition of the combustible mixture. A rubber seal prevents air from seeping through the screw hole.

The air jet, in turn, plays the role of emulsifying gasoline.

The idle system cannot provide a suitable fuel consumption in all engine operating modes, therefore, in addition to it, the main metering system is installed on the carburetor, which consists of diffusers: large and small, fuel and air jets and an emulsified tube.

Main dosing system

The basis of the carburetor is the main dosing system (abbreviated GDS). It provides a constant composition of the vehicle and does not allow it to become depleted or enriched at medium speeds of a gasoline engine (ICE). One fuel jet and one air jet are installed on each of the chambers in the system.

Idle system

System idle move designed to ensure the measured operation of the engine at idle speed of the internal combustion engine. The throttle valve of the carburetor should always be slightly ajar, and the gasoline mixture at idle (XX) enters the intake tract bypassing the GDS. Throttle axis position is set screw quantity, and the property screws (one for each chamber) allow you to enrich or deplete the mixture by XX. The fuel consumption of the car largely depends on the adjustment.

float chamber

The float chamber is located in the main body and maintains the level of gasoline in the carburetor, which is necessary for the normal operation of the engine power system. The main elements in it are a float and a locking mechanism consisting of a needle with a membrane and a valve seat.

Economizer

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The economizer system enriches the vehicle at high engine speeds with increasing load. The economizer has a valve that, when the throttle valves are opened to the maximum, allows a portion of additional fuel through the channels bypassing the GDS.

accelerator pump

In the K126 (K135) carburetor, the accelerator is a piston with a cuff that operates in a cylindrical channel. At the moment of sharp pressing the accelerator (gas) pedal, the throttle actuator, mechanically connected to the accelerator system, causes the piston to move rapidly along the channel.

Scheme of the K126 carburetor device with the name of all elements

Speed limiter

The system does not allow exceeding a certain number of revolutions of the crankshaft due to incomplete opening of the throttle. The operation is based on pneumatics, due to rarefaction, the diaphragm in the pneumatic valve of the device moves, turning the throttle axis mechanically connected to the limiter assembly.

Launch system

The starting system ensures stable operation of a cold engine. The system consists of pneumatic valves located in the air damper and a system of levers that connect the throttle and air damper. When the suction cable is pulled out, the air damper closes, the rods pull the throttle behind them and open it slightly.

When starting a cold engine, the gas 53 valves in the air damper open under the action of vacuum and add air to the carburetor, preventing the engine from stalling on a too rich mixture.

Carburetor malfunctions

There can be many different malfunctions in the carburetor of a GAZ 53 car, but all of them are associated with increased fuel consumption, regardless of whether the mixture is enriched or lean enters the cylinders. In addition to increased fuel consumption, the following symptoms of malfunctions are characteristic:

There is black smoke coming from the exhaust pipe. It is especially noticeable with a sharp increase in engine speed. In this case, shots can be heard in the silencer;
The engine is unstable at idle, it can also stall at idle;
The motor does not develop speed, chokes, there are pops in the intake manifold;
With a sharp acceleration in the operation of the internal combustion engine, a failure occurs;
Sluggish acceleration of the car, but at high speeds the car drives normally;
Lack of power, the engine does not develop speed;
Jerks when driving, especially noticeable when accelerating.

Carburetor repair for GAZ 53 truck

Carburetor repair primarily involves flushing and purging all systems. For this carburetor removed and disassembled to clean all jets.

Adjustment

The K126B carburetor (also the K135 carburetor) has several adjustments:

idle move;
the level of gasoline in the float chamber;
stroke of the accelerator pump piston;
moment when the economizer system is switched on.

Only one adjustment is made without dismantling the carburetor itself - this is the engine idling. This procedure is performed most often, it can be performed by any driver. It is better to entrust the rest of the adjustments to specialists, but there are often craftsmen who make any settings with their own hands.

For proper adjustment of the XX, the engine must be technically sound, all cylinders must work without interruption.

Idle adjustment:

with the engine turned off, tighten the quality screws of both cameras to the end, then unscrew each one by about 3 turns;
start the engine and warm up to working condition;
screw quantity set the number of revolutions XX to approximately 600. There is no tachometer in the GAZ 53 car, so the revolutions are set by ear - they should not be too low or high;
we tighten one of the screws of quality and moment until there are interruptions in the operation of the internal combustion engine, then we take the screw back by about one eighth of a turn (until the motor runs steadily);
we also do with the second camera;
set the desired number of revolutions with the quantity screw;
if necessary, increase the speed with the quality screw if the engine stalls when the gas pedal is reset.

Buying a K135 carburetor is not a problem - it is sold in many car dealerships. True, the price of such a device is rather big - about 7000-8000 rubles. K126B is no longer found in stores, it has long been discontinued. But according to ads, they are often sold, and you can buy almost new carburetor(2500-3000 rubles). A repair kit for the K135 model costs an average of 250-300 rubles.

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In any car, every detail is important and fulfills its intended role. Such functions are also present in the carburetor. As a device for dosing fuel and preparing a combustible mixture, it prepares the fuel in the cylinders for more complete combustion. The whole preparation usually consists in the fact that liquid fuel is sprayed into small drops and evaporates, mixing with air.

In cars of the GAZ-53 brand, on the ZMZ-53 engines, the K-126 and K-135 carburetors are installed. If we compare the same parts that ZIL-130 and Moskvich-412 were equipped with at one time, we can see that they are very similar. The difference here is obvious in the dimensions and the possibilities of its adjustment. This is what determines some of the features that carburetors for the GAZ-53 have.

Types of carburetors K-126

Each carburetor has systems that help it function properly under certain conditions. There are also add-ons that help them function properly (for example, they include solenoids designed to cut off the fuel supply or pressure surge dampers). It is not recommended to remove such components, because this will have a noticeable effect on the operation of the engine.

So, any carburetor for the GAZ-53 will consist of the following parts:

float chamber;
Air damper;
idle system;
Accelerator pump;
transitional system;
Main carburetor dosing system;
Economizer.

Scheme of the carburetor K-126

System sequences

The work of each of the above components is a guarantee of excellent performance and the carburetor itself. For example, the float system maintains a constant fuel level in the float chamber. The choke allows a cold engine to start by enriching the air-fuel mixture. The idle system ensures that the engine supply is provided, which is necessary for the engine to operate at low speeds when the metering system is not yet working. The accelerator pump, on the other hand, is designed to inject additional fuel to prevent stalling and engine interruptions during acceleration of the car (usually this happens when the throttle is suddenly opened).

Next - it's up to the transitional system. It is needed to enable the transition mode between idling and the operation of the main dosing system. And now the latter just forms the necessary gas-air fog, that is, the supply of fuel to the engine while the car is moving at medium speeds.

And finally, when the engine is running under load, a richer air-fuel mixture is needed than in normal mode. It is the economizer system that will provide additional fuel.

Design features of the K-126 model

The carburetor of the K-126 model for the GAZ-53 is a two-chamber part, which has a falling flow of the combustible mixture. It also has a mechanically driven economizer with an accelerator pump.

Its body consists of an upper, middle and lower part, each of which is connected by screws, and already the fuel will flow into the float chamber through a strainer. As a starting device, the K-126 carburetor has an air damper - it has an air valve, which is designed to prevent the formation of an enriched mixture at the moment when the engine starts. And each of the two cameras has its own autonomous idle system.

GAZ-53 carburetor size

How can I check the fuel level?

The most important condition for the stable operation of the carburetor float is its free movement on the axis and at the same time the tightness of the body is important. It should be noted that the valve needle must move absolutely freely, without any jamming. And in those cases when they occur, the problem turns out to be a violation of the integrity of the float body - in this case, adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber will be practically impossible.

How to check the tightness of the float? This can be done by opening the carburetor, pulling out the float and immersing it in hot water. If air bubbles appear on the surface, which will indicate damage. To fix the problem, a puncture is made in this place and simply remove the remaining water and fuel from the float. After that, it remains only to dry and solder the hole. Such an adjustment of the float operation is impossible without taking into account its weight, which should not exceed 14 g (if it turned out more, you need to remove excess solder).

Carburetor adjustment GAZ-53

Device

The idle system cannot provide the required fuel consumption in all engine operating modes, therefore, in addition to it, the main metering system is installed on the carburetor, which consists of diffusers: large and small, fuel and air jets and an emulsified tube.