Modern European diesel generators operating on diesel fuel are developed taking into account the high European standards and standards for fuel quality. Therefore, all imported diesel power plants are demanding on the quality of the fuel. The refueling of the diesel generator by poor-quality fuels that does not respond to the euro standards leads to the failure of the fuel system of the power plant, engine and expensive repair.
The main characteristics of diesel fuel.
In the territory of the Russian Federation, according to GOST 305-82, diesel fuel of four brands is produced:
þ "L" - summer, applied at ambient temperature above 0 o C
o.perpeneum temperature: - 5 o with
o.frozen temperature: - 10 o C
þ "S" (-20 o c) - winter, is used at ambient temperature below: - 20 o C
o.perpeneum temperature: - 25 o C
o.frozen temperature: - 35 o C
o.the sulfur content does not exceed 0.2%
þ "S" (-30 o c) - winter, applied at ambient temperature below: - 30 o C
o.perpeneum temperature: - 35 o C
o.frozen temperature: - 45 o C
o.the sulfur content does not exceed 0.5%
þ "A" - arctic, applied at ambient temperature below: - 50 o C
o.the sulfur content does not exceed 0.4%
Basic operational performance of diesel fuel:
þ cetane number, determines the high power and economic performance indicators
þ fractional composition, determines the smoke, complete combustion and toxicity of the exhaust gas gases
þ viscosity and density, provide a normal fuel supply, spraying in the combustion chamber and the performance of the filtration of the fuel system
þ low-temperature properties, determine the functioning of the fuel system at minus ambient temperatures and fuel storage conditions in tanks
þ the degree of purity, ensures the reliability of the filters of coarse and fine cleaning, cylinders and engine pistons
þ flash temperature, determines the safety conditions for the use of fuel in engines
þ the content of sulfur compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbons and metals, characterizes the formation of a car, corrosion and engine wear.
The main differences between high-quality diesel fuel from poor quality:
ü does not contain water
ü does not contain kerosene
ü no gasoline
ü does not contain mud
ü does not contain harmful impurities
ü paraffin does not occur
ü the sulfur content does not exceed 0.02%
ü high-quality additives are used
ü high cetane number - 51
Technology production of diesel fuel.
In the production of diesel fuel, the correct approach to the technological stages of the technological process is of great importance to ensure high quality diesel fuel.
Its industrial production can be divided into the following technological steps:
þ primary oil refining (or straight distillation) is the separation of oil into separate factions on boiling temperatures carried out in special distillation columns.
þ recycling oil refining (cleansing) changes the chemical composition and structure of hydrocarbons. Correction (splitting of large fuel oil molecules into smaller) and the removal of sulfur fuel
þ mixing (compounding) - mixing straightforward fractions with components of secondary processes and additives.
Compared with direct distillation, all processes of recycling are very complex in the technological plan and differ in very high cost. However, they are necessary because they significantly increase the quality of diesel fuel. When hydrotreating diesel fuel, they receive environmentally friendly summer and winter brands.
At the last stage of production, the primary fuel fractions obtained in the first stage are mixed with the result of secondary chemical additives and recycling in the required proportion. Also, when mixing, resolved content in the sulfur fuel is achieved, since it extremely negatively affects the state of the environment.
In order to ensure good properties at low temperatures, the winter and arctic brand of diesel fuel are obtained from more easy fractions than summer. Or expensive dewaxing is carried out. In addition, special additives are introduced into the arctic diesel fuel, leading to an increase in its cetane and improve fuel quality indicators.
Adding antidymnaya and depressant additives allows you to obtain Diesel fuel of the Euro-4 standard, which is recommended to be used in megalopolis in order to reduce the level of contamination of its air.
The cost and quality of diesel fuel will be higher than more cleaning degrees it has passed. It is worth considering the fact that diesel fuel produced by small companies can be made with serious impairment of production technology to reduce costs (diluted, gasoline, kerosene, water, which leads to frequent power stations, unscheduled from the engine breakdown).
The following mandatory stages are provided in the installation of DT:
þ removal of water
þ removal of solid impurities
þ paraffin branches
þ sulfur landing
We guarantee:
ü The quality of the supplied diesel fuel corresponds to the climatic conditions and validations of the GOST and TU and is confirmed by the quality certificates provided by the manufacturer
ü Operational delivery of high-quality, seasonal, environmentally friendly diesel fuel Euro-4
ü Euro-4 contains only 0.005% sulfur, that is, 40 times less than provided by the Russian GOST 305-82
ü Extending the service life of the engine and savings of fuel, the use of Diesel fuel Euro-4 leads to a decrease in the volume of emissions of combustion products by more than 2 times
- We have in the winter in the kheda, even students do not go!
Postman Pechkin
Instead of prologue
In plastic canister? No you can not!
We were ready for this. We handed the refueling instead of a plastic canister with a metallic, and they themselves went to talk with the bosses: if they prohibit pour in plastic, then why are plastic can be traded?
The local boss was restrained. Like, trading, but these cans are intended only for storage. Who forbade? We show a document: the rules for the technical operation of RD gas stations 153-39.2-080-01 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of June 17, 2003 No. 226). Entered into force November 1, 2001. Then some functions because of the alleged plastic electrification really forbade the "issuance of petroleum products to a plastic and glass container." And it is unknown to him that long ago make from plastics. Moreover, and to refuel gasoline, not to mention diesel fuel. After all, the diesel fuel just do not get sick, even if you try to very much. And who gave the instructions to pull out of Naftalin this is a strange order?
Moreover, the same tanker ran up to us and ... Self-dependent helped to pour the refilled diesel fuel in the plastic diesel fuel to the plastic! After all, the order does not say that it is impossible to do this. Another proof that Russia is invincible!
Well, we will consider it the prologue of our examination. Check that the owners of diesel cars, ocked at the beginning of winter, are waiting in the early winter (samples we took in mid-December). Moreover, we will not seek a frank "Levak", we will not - roll along the federal route south from the capital and collect diesel fuel with.
References for five-graders
No fuel problems on the territory of Russia from January 1, 2016 should not be by definition. We have already told that the technical regulations of the Customs Union Tr Ts 013/2011 commanded exclusively class K5. But didn't the "five-graders" can freeze? In addition, four regulatory documents are protected at once: according to GOST R 52368 and GOST 32511, the euro diesel fuel is produced, according to GOST R 55475 - fuel for the cold and arctic climate, according to GOST 305 - the rest.
However ... Let the hotel at least five hairdressers on each floor - it will not make it five-star. So here. Requirements for winter dieselties are, but who prevents the seller to trade something easier? Loud phrases about seasonality of fuel use we are advisory.
Check if the fifth grade fuel freezes. For reference: The poorer temperature of the winter diesel engine for a temperate climatic zone should not be higher than -22 ºС. Therefore, none of the bought diesel fuel does not have the slightest right to lose transparency even in the usual freezer, and even more so - freeze.
Have you ever encountered freezing diesel fuel?
(Data that was held on the website www ..)
Our certificateAll diesel fuel we purchased in mid-December 2016. The low-temperature properties of diesel fuel are determined by three temperatures - turbidity, solidification and limit filtrality. Perpeneum temperature It characterizes the point of the beginning of the crystallization of paraffins included in the fuel. The temperature of the limiting filterness Indicates the temperature threshold of the engine performance. At temperatures below, this fuel system filter cease to skip fuel. Frozen temperature - temperature at which fuel loses mobility; Usually below the temperature of the limiting filterness by 5-7 ºС. |
From liquid into solid
We visited 17 refueling stations. Not in honor of the coming year - so happened. However, the "Taking Winter" still gave rise to confusion in the minds: instead of solid pluses, our table was sent to the minuses. On half of the purchased wasolars in Veliky Ustyug do not get there!
Pricing is crazy: from 28 rubles at the 106th kilometer of the Simferopol route to 36 rubles 92 kopecks on the location of LUKOIL refueling nearby.
It must be admitted that none of the market sharks in the domestic freezer will not have killed. The ideal was the wasoirka Shell, which at -30 ºС did not even climb. Rosneft and BP performed normally, but at -30 ºС these diesel fuel still lost a little transparency. The same refers to LUKOIL: with maximum cooling, the diesel fuel retained the performance, although slightly clouded.
On each gas station, we issued a test report. With the photographing of some problems: for example, at the site of the fence of one of the samples on us, a female refueling was attacked: Mol, who allowed to photograph private property? Her anxiety, however, is quite explained: the "winter DT" on the frost taken there turned into a cobblestone. So that it does not happen in the tank of your car, repeat again: Call only on gas stations of proven brands.
The rest is a lottery, and far from a win-win. And another advice: during the period of mass transition of gas stations with summer diest, if, during refueling, pour the antigel to the tank. Then frosting in the morning guaranteed the engine.
The results of our test we have reduced the table. It is noteworthy that at all the gas stations that we visited, the quality passports for the diesel fuel were available.
Our experiment can reproduce anyone in any region of the country. Fill suspicious DT into a suitable cup (closed, of course, the smell is not the most pleasant) and define until the morning in the freezer. It freezes - send us a photo (what the diesel car was turned into) and the coordinates of the gas station.
Data will be published on the site to protect other motorists from bad fuel. Alone, we are not able to check the gas station across the country, and with you - we will cope.
Instead of epiloga
Conclusions we made several. First, on our fuel market is still anarchy. If the driver in Germany is calmly referred to any gas station, then we are just unreasonable. Especially in winter, especially on a diesel engine.
Secondly, you need to stag from the gas station with unexpectedly low prices. In winter, experiment with fuel is more expensive.
Thirdly, do not listen to those who nods on warming. Say, today is just ten, so and the summer dieselgeal will come down. And if at night frost? And if you need to go beyond the city? Or is it further, for example, in Veliky Ustyug? In winter, it is necessary to pour only winter diesel fuel - without hoping for any.
Requirements for diesel fuels according to GOST R 55475
DT test results at negative temperatures
Notes: + - no comments; +/ - - diesel fuel sometime for operation;- /+ - diesel fuel is no longer in operation;- - diesel fuel completely lost fluidity.
The fuel bundle is equivalent to its dissent, since the fuel pump will not be able to pump thick fractions.
You will find a variety of information about winter operation in a selection of articles from the journal "Driving" "Car and Winter: Tips, Myths, Tests."
The choice of a suitable gas station with a fuel of acceptable quality and not translated prices - the task is often not easier to choose the car, because these parameters depends the duration and safety of the operation of the components of your vehicle, as well as the security of the wallet. Therefore, we present the rating of gas stations in the quality of 2018-2019 of Moscow and the region.
What is high-quality gasoline?
Why refuel the car with worthy gasoline and how to determine what better? We answer the first question: low-quality gasoline adversely affects the procedure for starting the motor, quickly displays the spark plug and damages the components of the fuel system. Remember that the longer you save and make a choice in favor of refueling stations offering low-quality gasoline, the greater the threat expose your car.
Gazpromneft.
The gas station from the largest Russian company does not leave indifferent millions of car owners across the country. All fuel meets the Euro 4 standard, and therefore you can not worry about the safety of your car elements.
In addition to the gasoline and diesel fuel available on all gas stations, Gazpromneft is also expected to offer gas. Refills are almost always equipped with a recreation or purchase of a snack on the road, and the professionalism of employees does not cause complaints.
Rosneft
A large player in the Russian fuel market not only provides a license for the sale of BP petroleum products, but also has a wide range of gas stations throughout Russia. Own production, as well as the status of the most important state corporation guarantees consumers the quality of fuel. And on their gas stations, perhaps the most delicious coffee.
Lukoil
A widely recognized leader among domestic suppliers of oil refining products. The fuel complies with Euro 5 standards and constantly conquers rewards for the environmental characteristics of its gasoline, and buyers usually remain with LUKOIL for a long time after the first use.
A big plus against the background of many competitors is the latitude of supply of petroleum products, allowing to fill any car without fear of losing its performance. Prices at refueling this company are quite high, but the magnificent gasoline quality here is complemented by excellent service and additional services, and therefore it has to overpay.
We hope that our review dedicated to what gas stations to acquire fuel will help you choose a suitable gas station network for the soul and budget, as well as save the key technical elements of your vehicle as possible. Good luck on the roads and do not save on the most important.
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In contact with
The capital of the Russian Federation and its surrounding Moscow region are the largest consumers of gasoline and diesel fuel in our country. It is not surprising, as a large number of population is concentrated here, which owns a large number of vehicles.
Naturally, a large number of gas stations are functioning in the region. Unfortunately, sometimes they can be found fuel not better quality. To avoid such trouble, it is desirable to know truly reputable companies offering the best diesel fuel in the region.
What can refuel with poor-quality diesel fuel
There will always be people who, for the sake of momentary benefit, are ready to fix the tank of their car on some suspicious refueling, where they offer a fuel at a very low price.
Of course, perhaps the car enthusiast was lucky, and the company tribal did not have time to raise prices, as other gas stations did. Or at the station there is some kind of action, the purpose of which is to attract new customers.
In fact, in most cases, diesel fuel will fall into the tank or gasoline is not better quality. Some cars, especially those produced for a long time, can and "don't notice" that such a fuel is flooded. More modern vehicles will definitely "squeeze" such fuel. The result will be a reduction in the resource of many components of the car and the high probability that the repair may be required soon.
If you are not ready to spend extra money on unplanned repair, it is better to refuel on really good gas stations, which in this region are more than enough.
Rating of the best Moscow and regional gas stations for the quality of diesel fuel and gasoline
In Moscow and the Moscow region, in fact, quite a lot of companies offering their customers really high-quality fuel, which is guaranteed not to cause the breakdown of your vehicle. The fuel market specialists advise to pay attention to the following brands:
- Mtk.
One of the most common networks of petrol stations in the capital of Russia and in the surrounding area. An important factor in the success of this brand is that the control over the activities of the Company is directly carried out by the Government of Moscow. Naturally, taking care of his own reputation, Sobyanin and his government will never allow MTC gas stations to the consumer of low-quality and gasoline. In addition, this company tries one of the most recent rewriting its price tags in the most side. Therefore, there is always a chance to have time to buy fuel at a more favorable price. - Gas station "Tatneft". Why makes this brand prefer very many motorists in Moscow and region? The fact is that all fuel that falls on brand petrol stations is made only at the Moscow oil refining factory. And this is one of the best enterprises of this kind in our country, which is always one of the first to modernize its own production and always produces a fuel of the highest quality. In addition, Tatneft is one of the most open, in terms of information dissemination. For example, she does not hide the fact that branded fuel contains a certain set of additives. But all additives are specially selected and are intended only for obtaining use for a vehicle, which uses fuel from Tatneft.
- Sibneft gas station.
One of the oldest fuel producers in our country, which uses oil from its own oilborn to produce. Many motorists often pay attention to the gas stations, where, in addition to the ability to refuel diesel or gasoline, there are many additional services. Unfortunately, this is not always justified in terms of the quality of fuel. Sibneft decided to abandon such a path, concentrating, first of all, on the development of the maximum qualitative range of petroleum products. Well, additional services can always be obtained somewhere else ... - Gas station "Trash".
The company "Trash" does not apply to organizations that are engaged in the sale of fuel of their own production. Nevertheless, it employs the most experienced specialists who are constantly monitoring the quality of the products offered. The company "Trash" is trying to cooperate only with the best domestic suppliers of petroleum products. In addition, its activities are limited to the Moscow region. And it imposes a certain imprint on the activities of the entire network, as the inhabitants of the capital of Russia and the Moscow region prefer to acquire precisely high-quality fuel. - AZS "BP".
Petrol stations of this brand clearly do not attract motorists by low price tags for gasoline and diesel fuel. But this is the reason. The fact is that the gas station of this brand belongs to one of the most famous manufacturers in the world of high-quality petroleum products, which works in the Russian Federation due to the license from Rosneft. In the "BP" fuel offered at refueling, only branded, scrupulously selected additives, which makes it possible to ensure magnificent performance characteristics. - AZS "TNK".
TNK owned in our country one of the largest networks of its own gas stations. The benefits of this brand is enough. For example, the highest quality of the proposed range, as well as the constant appearance of completely new and necessarily interesting branded products in the network. Which naturally correspond not only to domestic guests, but also the majority of European standards. Another plus of TNK gas stations is an attractive discount system, which can be obtained by becoming a regular customer of this fuel company. Moreover, to find in Moscow or the Moscow region a gas station with this title - will not be particular problems. - Gas station "Shell".
Shell is a brand with a world name, which, which is quite logical, is engaged in the active spread of its products and at such an attractive market as the territory of the Russian Federation. Naturally, the petrol stations of this company are present in sufficient quantities in Moscow, and in the Moscow region. Shell tries in any region of our planet provide its customers with diesel fuel and gasoline equally high quality. One of the features of this brand is the development of the most environmentally friendly fuel species. - Gazpromneft gas station.
Gazprom is one of the most famous Russian brands in the world. Probably about this company know on all populated continents of our planet. It is engaged in the prey and sales of natural gas in particularly large volumes. But this is not the only type of activity of the domestic company.
Naturally, Gazprom has its own oil breeding. There is enough capacities to produce high-quality gasoline and. Therefore, it is quite logical that automotive gas stations from this brand are also present in Moscow and the Moscow region, known as Gazpromneft gas stations. - Gas station "Rosneft".
Rosneft is a state company, which is the largest oil-producing organization in the Russian Federation. This company has good oil refineries, where gasoline is always produced and the highest possible in our country.
The authority of the specialists of this company is so high that it was them that they were entrusted to issue a license for the sale of petroleum products of some foreign brands in our country. That is, on the gas station "Rosneft" perfectly understand what gasoline and the highest quality is. And it is this option that offered to our customers. Naturally, in addition to delicious coffee, which is also famous for this network ... - Gas station "LUKOIL".
LUKOIL is one of the most famous producers of various petroleum products in the Russian market. The company is engaged in active activities in the Moscow region. She sponsors sports clubs, is a partner of a variety of events. Naturally, its gas stations are also present in Moscow and the region.
It is not necessary to talk about the quality of gasoline or diesel fuel from this brand, as it is its own production and always high.These ten brands are quite enough, so that without any particular problems to refuel their own vehicle is always the highest quality in the capital of the Russian Federation, as well as in the area that surrounds this megalopolis. Naturally, there are other companies offering fuel produced in accordance with all the standards existing in the country. Nevertheless, it is worth understanding that the list proposed above consists almost entirely of companies that are engaged in their own production of fuel and its control. On the other gas stations, the quality will depend on suppliers who do not always fulfill their obligations. This should be taken into account - today there can be a good diesel fuel to the tank, tomorrow is completely different, which fell to refueling from another, not such an authoritative oil refinery.
It is no secret that the durability and reliability of technology directly depends on the quality of fuel poured into it. The main task of high-quality diesel fuel is an uninterrupted product of energy in the combustion process. However, in addition to this, diesel fuel performs two more equally important functions - lubrication and cooling of all fuel system nodes. These include fuel pump and fuel injectors. Plus, diesel fuel has an impact on the exhaust parameters. Therefore, a weighted approach to the choice of diesel fuel is the most important thing in the operation of the equipment on the basis of a diesel engine.
What are the main parameters of diesel fuel? These include the following indicators: viscosity, sulfur content, cetane number, water content and solid suspended particles, carbon hoarse, fuel density, turbidity temperature, blockage point, non-government slags, sublimation, lubricating characteristics.
Let us dwell in more detail on these moments and consider their influence on the efficiency of diesel fuel.
Viscosity
This parameter is extremely important for such processes as fuel injection and its further injection. In addition, it is the viscosity that affects the lubricating fuel characteristics. As for the parameters, they must clearly comply with the ISO 3104 global standard adopted.
As a rule, any diesel fuel has a certain amount of certain sulfur compounds, which affect the operation of the exhaust system, corrosion resistance, as well as the coefficient of fuel acidity. If you used fuel with an increased sulfur content, then this may cause such consequences as the need to increase lubricating characteristics in order to compensate for acid corrosion processes. Remember: The use of fuel with sulfur is able to reduce the service life of all exhaust systems, as well as catalysts. That is why experts categorically do not recommend using those fuel grades in which the content of sulfur compounds significantly exceeds permissible values. Keep in mind: in diesel fuel, in addition to stable compounds, active sulfur compounds can also be available, which are able to strengthen corrosion processes.
Cetane number
This is the parameter that directly affects the duration of the engine warming up, as well as its launch. If the engine is operated in low temperature conditions, it is extremely desirable to stop its choice on diesel fuel with a sufficiently high values \u200b\u200bof the cetane number. However, while keeping in mind that diesel fuel with a cetane number of fifty-five and higher can lead to an increase in the smoke of the exhaust. Such an indicator as cetane fuel indicators are also governed by the Unified World Standard ISO 5165.
No one guarantees you the absence of water in this diesel fuel, as well as various strangers. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you make additional filtering of fuel before proceeding to its fill into the fuel tank. In such a simple way, you will additionally clean the fuel from all sorts of unwanted additives. But still some water still can penetrate the fuel. Do not forget to replace the filter elements of the pump for fuel, as well as fuel pipes and fuel filters. If you regularly use previously inquiryed fuel containing extraneous suspension, we recommend that you change the filters more often.
Carbon Nagar.
In the process of combustion of diesel fuel, carbonaceous nagar is formed, which has the property of the combustion chamber surfaces. At the same time, the lower the fuel quality indicator, which is used, the greater this unwanted Nagar, which, as a rule, is formed during the work. And this leads to such a trouble as a gradual, but inevitable reduction in motor power.
Fuel density
This is nothing more than the energy rate of fuel. The higher its density - the more energy will be able to work out when it is combustion. And this will lead to increasing indicators of efficiency and efficiency. Diesel fuel density characteristics are governed by a single ISO 3675 standard.
Perpeneum temperature
The cloud temperature is made to call the temperature at which the crystallization processes contained in the paraffin fuel begin. This crystallized paraffin is, as a rule, in the fuel is unevenly, its location can be compared with the clouds. Lounge rates are governed by the UN Second World Standard ISO 3015.
Point of blockage
The minimum temperature in which diesel fuel can freely flow into the channel with a diameter of forty-five microns, is called a point of blockage. This indicator is closely intertwined with the coefficient of turbidity temperature.
Non-aggravated slags
In any, even the highest quality diesel fuel, there is a certain amount of hard filtered non-governmental compounds that are called slags. Their content in the fuel is governed by a single ISO 6245 standard.
Sublimation
Its indicators are also governed by the ISO 3405 standard. Virtually 90% of diesel fuel can be completely evaporated at a temperature of 360 ° C, and the remaining 10% evaporate at a temperature of 385 ° C.
Lubricating characteristics
The characteristic of the fluid that provides lubrication of all moving parts is called a lubricity. Fuel, which has a low performance of sulfur compounds and a low viscosity indicator, is characterized by a lower lubricity indicator. Lubricating characteristics are governed by a single ISO 12156 standard.
Delivery of high-quality diesel fuel is the key to the uninterrupted operation of the equipment from the diesel generator to the excavator.
