Progress and developments in the automotive industry are proceeding at a rapid pace. Aggregates are being developed in the same way. Rating of the best modern engines, characteristics and cars on which they are installed.
The content of the article:
Talking about which engine is the best, gasoline or diesel, as well as about the manufacturer - Japanese, German or American - opinions will definitely be divided. Some drivers prefer a powerful and reliable unit, others - an engine designed for speed, and still others - so that it is durable and does not fail. The main difference between the engines is the class of the car on which it will be installed. As a result, the volume of the unit, characteristics and power will change.
Experienced car owners will say that the main thing in a car is that the engine works normally. Usually, the first signs of engine wear appear after 100-150 thousand kilometers. It’s good if the car owner is alone and looks after the engine, but if there were several owners from the beginning of the purchase and they didn’t look at the car engine, then repairs will be needed much earlier, and the cost can be much more.
Before buying a car, buyers are often concerned about the same question, which engine is better to choose. Engineers thought out some models of engines to the smallest detail, and despite the inexpensive cost of the car, there will be no problems with the engine. In another case, having bought an expensive premium car, the engine does not leave even 50 thousand km, as the first problems and breakdowns begin to appear.
The best car engines
Nowadays, engineers develop engines so quickly that sometimes they don't think about quality in order to announce a new model of the unit. Suffice it to recall small-capacity turbocharged versions, in which the first breakdowns appear even before 40 thousand. But still, despite the rapid progress, there are also legends in the updated version - these are the so-called "millionaires" who have declared themselves from the best side.
Modern cars among specialists are considered disposable, since the repair of the engine and individual components can cost as much as the entire car from the passenger compartment. The average service life of such cars is from 3 to 5 years, but much will depend on the nature of the operation of the car. There are options, the same car, with the same operating conditions, but different engines, can go a different distance. This is due to the presence of different engines, their build quality and development.
Rating of the best modern engines
Diesel millionaire OM602 from Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz diesel engines are quite popular and have gained a good reputation among competitors. The well-known Mercedes-Benz diesel engine was developed back in 1985, but during its existence it has gone through more than one modification, which has made it possible to reach our days. Not as powerful as competitors, but economical and hardy. The power of the unit is from 90 to 130 hp, depending on the modification, on modern cars it is marked as OM612 and OM647.
The mileage of many such specimens starts from 500 thousand kilometers, although there are also individual rare specimens, the record of which is a couple of million kilometers. This engine can be found on Mercedes-Benz in the back of the W201, W124 and in the transitional W210. Also found on the G-Class SUV, Sprinter and T1 minibuses. Experienced drivers say that if they take care of replacing the necessary parts in time and sort out the fuel system, then the engine is almost unkillable, which adds a lot of stars to its rating.
Bavarian BMW M57
The Bavarian manufacturer BMW decided to keep up with Mercedes-Benz and developed an equally worthy M57 diesel engine. The in-line 6-cylinder unit has won the trust of many car owners of this company. In addition to the previously mentioned reliability, the unit is distinguished by power and agility, which is not often found on diesel engines. For the first time, the M57 diesel unit was installed on the BMW 330D E46, at the same time the shorty was immediately transferred from the class of slow cars to the class of sports and charged ones, despite the fact that there is a diesel engine under the hood. The power of the unit, depending on the modification, ranges from 201 to 286 horses. In addition to BMW cars of all possible series, this engine is also found on Range Rover cars. Suffice it to recall the ethnographic expedition of Artem Lebedev and his famous “mumusik”. It was under his hood that the M57 from BMW was installed. The declared mileage by the manufacturer is about 350-500 thousand kilometers.
3F-SE petrol engine from Toyota
Despite the huge mileage of diesel engines, most drivers prefer to buy a car with a gasoline engine. The gasoline unit does not freeze in the cold season, and the device of the engine itself is much simpler.
You can argue for a long time which gasoline engine is better and which is worse, because each has its pros and cons. The list of 4-cylinder gasoline units opens with 3F-SE from Toyota. The volume of the unit is 2 liters and is designed for 16 valves, the timing is driven by a belt and a fairly simple distributed fuel injection. The average power, depending on the modification, is 128-140 horses. More advanced versions of the unit are equipped with turbines (3S-GTE). This modified unit can be found both on modern Toyota vehicles and older ones: Toyota Celica, Camry, Toyota Carina, Avensis, RAV4 and others.
A huge plus of this engine is the ability to freely transfer heavy loads, convenient location of nodes for maintenance, easy repairs and thoughtfulness of individual parts. Subject to good care and without major repairs, such a unit can safely move 500 thousand kilometers with a good margin for later. Also, the engine does not go over in fuel, which does not bring additional worries to the owner.
Japanese unit 4G63 from Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi does not give up its position in the structure of middle-class engines. One of the most famous, surviving to this day 4G63 and its modifications. The engine was first introduced in 1982, despite the prescription, a modified version is still being installed today. Some come with a SOHC three-valve camshaft, another DOHC version with two camshafts has gained more popularity. As an example, a modified 4G63 unit is installed on Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, various Hyundai and Kia models. Also found on Chinese cars brand Brilliance.
Over the years of production, the 4G64 unit has gone through more than one modification, in some versions a turbine has been added, in others the timing adjustment has been changed. Such changes are not always beneficial, but as the owners note, the maintainability of the unit has remained the same, especially in the case of an oil change. Non-turbocharged Mitsubishi 4G63 units are classified as millionaires, although with careful operation, turbocharged options reach a record distance.
D-series from Honda
The first five leaders are closed by the Japanese engine D15 and D16 from Honda. Better known as the D-series. This series includes more than ten modifications of these units, from 1.2 liters to 1.7 liters. and really deserve the status of unkillable units. Engine power from this series reaches 131 hp, but the tachometer needle will show about 7 thousand revolutions.
Honda Stream, Civic, Accord, HR-V and the American Acura Integra served as a platform for the installation of such units. Before a major overhaul, such engines can go about 350-500 thousand kilometers, and due to a well-thought-out design and the right hands, you can give the engine a second life even after terrible operating conditions.
European x20se from Opel
Another representative from Europe is the x20se engine of the 20ne family from Opel. The most important advantage of this unit is endurance. Repeatedly there were statements from the owners when the unit outlived the body of the car. A fairly simple design, 8 valves, a belt on the camshaft drive and a fairly simple fuel injection system. The volume of such a unit is 2 liters, depending on the modification, the engine power ranges from 114 hp. up to 130 horses.
During the production period, the unit was installed on Vectra, Astra, Omega, Frontera and Calibra, as well as on Holden, Oldsmobile and Buick cars. In Brazil, at one time they produced the same Lt3 engine, but with a turbocharger, with a capacity of 165 horses. One of these variants of the C20XE engine was installed on racing Lada and Chevrolet, and as a result, the cars were noted in the rally. The simplest versions of the 20ne family of units can not only cover 500,000 km without overhaul, but with care, they can overcome the bar of 1 million kilometers.
Notable V-8s
The engines of this group, although not very famous for their reliability, do not bring worries with minor or major breakdowns. V8 units that can easily cross the mark of 500 thousand kilometers can be easily listed on the fingers. The Bavarians have reclaimed the cell with their M60 V8, a huge plus: double row chain, nickel cylinder coating, and excellent engine safety.
Thanks to the nickel-silicon coating of the cylinders (more commonly found as Nikasil), it makes them virtually indestructible. As practice shows, up to a mark of half a million kilometers, the unit should not be disassembled, and replacement of piston rings will not be required. Fuel is considered a minus, it is necessary to carefully monitor the quality of gasoline, since the nickel coating is afraid of sulfur in the fuel. In the USA, because of such a problem, they switched to a softer protection technology - Alusil. The upgraded modern version is the M62. Are established on BMW 5th and 7th series.
Six cylinders in line
There are a lot of millionaires among such engines, simple design and balance - this is what leads to reliability and durability. Two engines 1JZ-GE with a volume of 2.5 liters and 2JZ-GE with a volume of 3 liters from Toyota are considered the best in this class. These units are produced simple and turbocharged.
Most often, such engines are found on right-hand drive cars Toyota Mark II, Supra and Crown. Among American cars, these are the Lexus IS300 and GS300. Due to their simple design, such engines can easily overcome the mark of a million kilometers before a major overhaul is needed.
Bavarian BMW M30
The history of the Bavarian BMW M30 engine dates back to 1968. During the period of the unit's existence, many modifications were made, but despite different situations, the engine still established itself as one of the most reliable. The working volume is from 2.5 liters to 3.4 liters, with a capacity of 150-220 horses. The highlight of the design of the unit is a cast-iron block (in some modifications it can be made from a special aluminum alloy), a timing chain, 12 valves (the M88 modification comes with 24 valves) and an aluminum cylinder head.
Modification M102V34 is a turbocharged M30 with a capacity of 252 horses. This engine in various modifications is installed on the 5th, 6th and 7th BMW series. There is no data yet, what was the record for this engine in terms of mileage, but the mark of 500 thousand kilometers is an ordinary barrier. As many have noted, this engine often outlasts the car itself as a whole.
Another Bavarian - BMW M50
The last place in the ranking of the best engines is occupied by the Bavarian BMW M50. The working volume is from 2 to 2.5 liters, engine power is from 150 to 192 horses. The advantage of such a unit is the modified VANOS system, which contributes to better performance. In general, it differs little from the previous options, so it overcomes the mark of half a million kilometers without major repairs.
The presented rating of the best engines is not complicated enough. Still ask which car engine is the best. Motorists may say that some units were not included in the list, but the rating was formed on the basis of durability and resource. Hybrid and electric motors are not included due to cost, and the maintenance of such units is special. Individual copies simply cannot be repaired at home, which is why they say that modern cars are mostly disposable.
Video review of the TOP 5 worst engines:
The X25XE engine is a power unit developed by General Motors for Opel vehicles. But, besides this, the engine has spread to some Chevrolet models.
Specifications
The six-cylinder 2.5-liter X25XE engine was created in 1994 and first appeared on the Opel Omega B. This engine replaced the C25XE engines, from which it differed by the presence of an EGR valve and Bosch Motronic M 2.8.1 (instead of Motronic M 2.8). This device made it possible to increase the environmental class from Euro-1 to Euro-2 and replace the letter C with X. The X25XE cylinder block is cast iron, and it has a V-shaped configuration with a camber angle of 54 °, a crankshaft with a piston stroke of 79.6 mm is installed inside it, connecting rods 150.7 mm long, and the cylinder diameter is 81.6 mm. The compression height of the pistons here is 30.4 mm.
Opel Omega with X25XE engine.
Two cylinder heads are mounted on top, 2 camshafts each and with 4 valves per cylinder. The intake valves are 32mm in diameter, the exhaust 29mm, and the valve stem thickness is 6mm. The characteristics of the X25XE camshafts are as follows: phase 247/247, lift 9.2 / 9.2 mm.
The camshafts rotate with a toothed belt. Replacing the timing belt is necessary after every 60 thousand kilometers, otherwise everything will end sadly - your X25XE will bend the valves. The intake manifold here is with a variable geometry Multi Ram. Nozzle performance 204 cc. Controls the motor ECU Bosch Motronic M 2.8.3, on Omega B Motronic M 2.8.1.
At the end of 1997, the Vectra i500 was released on which the X25XEI engine was installed. This engine differed from the X25XE by having 262/262 camshafts with 10.0/10.0mm lift, as well as exhaust and ECU tuning. As a result, the engine power increased to 195 hp. at 6500 rpm, and a torque of 240 Nm at 3500 rpm.
Based on the X25XE engine, a 3-liter X30XE was created. The SAAB B258I engine, which was installed on the SAAB 900, is an analogue of the X25XE.
Service
Maintenance of the X25XE engine, similar to almost all GM engines, is carried out at intervals of 15,000 km. Recommended maintenance should be carried out every 10,000 km. At the same time, the engine oil and oil filter are changed without fail, and other engine systems are also diagnosed.
X25XE engine with gearbox assembly.
Disadvantages and problems
There are two typical drawbacks for the X25XE engine that almost all vehicle owners know about:
- Antifreeze enters the spark plug wells. When tightening the candles, the recommended tightening torque was exceeded, and a crack formed in the cylinder head. The head is damaged, it needs to be replaced with a working one.
- Dieselite. The timing chain tensioner needs to be replaced.
- Zhor motor lubrication. It is worth replacing the valve cover with a plastic one, and the problem will go away.
Conclusion
Engines of the X25XE series are quite reliable and have a long service life. Maintenance of the power unit must be carried out every 15,000 km. Quality and reliability are exactly what this power unit is about.
gas x-engine, x-stirling engineX-engine is a piston engine containing twin V-blocks, horizontally opposed to each other. Thus, the cylinders are located on four sides, driving a common crankshaft. When viewed from the front, this design scheme looks like the letter X.
This design is very rare, mainly due to the greater weight and complexity compared to radial engines, although they are more compact (with the same number of cylinders) compared to V-engines.
Most types of X-shaped engines were used during the Second World War. They were designed for large military aircraft. As a rule, they had 24 cylinders and were based on the design of a 12-cylinder V-engine.
Some examples of X-engines
- Ford used the prototype X-8 engine in the 1920s, which eventually led to a line of side valve engines.
- Daimler-Benz DB 604 engine developed for the B bomber for the German Air Force. Development has been frozen.
- An engine developed under the direction of V. Dobrynin for the Tu-85 strategic bomber.
- Rolls-Royce Exe engine, prototype air-cooled spool valve engine.
- Honda says it experimented with X-32 engines in the 1960s for its Formula 1 powerplants, but stopped development due to the complexity and unreliability of the design.
- On the Russian T-14 tank, it is planned to install an X-shaped 12N360 engine with a power of 1500 hp.
weblinks
Notes
- Hemmings Auto Blogs " Blog Archive " SIA Flashback - Experimental Ford Engines
- Eli Apolzon and daughter Ruth Family Page * * * Austin, Texas - Henry Ford’s X-8 engine and how it will be used to raise dollars for Autistic and other Special Needs children
- View: Next - T-14
- Diesel engine 12N360 - Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ)
Internal combustion engines (except turbine)
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| Steam engine Stirling engine Pneumatic engine | |||||||||||||
Turbines and mechanisms with turbines in the composition
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| DC AC Three-phase Two-phase Single-phase Universal | |
| Asynchronous | capacitor motor |
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| Synchronous | Brushless Manifold Valved Reactive Stepper |
| Other | Linear Hysteresis Unipolar Ultrasonic Mendocino motor |
gas x-engine, x-engine manufacturing, aircraft x-engine, x-stirling engine
Mercedes V6 Rennmotor engine V-shaped engine diagram piston engine cylinder layout in ... Wikipedia
Bugatti U-shaped engine is a symbol for a power plant, which is two in-line engines, the crankshafts of which are mechanically connected when ... Wikipedia
W-shaped twelve-cylinder engine internal combustion engine with a W-shaped arrangement of twelve cylinders in four rows of three (even in the photo you can see that there are three rows of four cylinders. The photo is incorrect, in the photo ... Wikipedia
- - an engine in which the cylinders are located at an angle to each other in 2 planes (the angle is usually 45, 60 or 90 degrees). Edwart. Dictionary of automotive jargon, 2009 ... Automobile dictionary
Stirling engine ... Wikipedia
In two projections ... Wikipedia
Scheme: Two-stroke internal combustion engine with a silencer ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Engine (meanings). Engine, motor (from lat. motor setting in motion) a device that converts any type of energy into mechanical energy. This term has been used since the end of the 19th century ... ... Wikipedia
This article or section needs revision. Please improve the article in accordance with the rules for writing articles ... Wikipedia
The article consists of a dictionary definition of the term. Please finalize the article, bringing it into line with the rules. Details can be on the talk page. On Wikipedia, articles consisting only of a dictionary definition do not ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Ford Mondeo 2000-2003. Repair and Maintenance, A. K. Legg, Peter T. Gill. This guide covers: Hatchback, Sedan and Station wagon options, including special/limited edition options. Gasoline engines: 4-cylinder engines 1.8L (1798…
- Ford Mondeo. 2000-2003. Repair and Maintenance, A. K. Legg, Peter T. Gill. This guide covers: Hatchback, sedan and station wagon variants, including special/limited edition variants. Gasoline engines: 4-cylinder engines 1.8L…
- Ford Mondeo 2000-2003. Models with petrol and diesel engines. Repair and Maintenance, MOT Prep, Operation, Colored Wiring Diagrams, Legg A.K. This manual covers: Hatchback, Sedan and Station wagon options, including special/limited edition options. Gasoline engines: 4-cylinder engines 1.8L…
Installed by Opel on the popular Corsa B car model, the X14SZ engine is a modification of the more common version of the C14NZ power unit. To reduce the amount of harmful emissions, the designers changed the shape of the combustion chambers. Under these changes, it was necessary to develop a new head of the block, the camshaft bed and the camshaft itself, the intake manifold. The injection block mounted on the intake manifold also had different parameters.
Despite the improvements made, the motor retained all the main features and technical characteristics of its counterpart:
- Structural layout - in-line arrangement of four cylinders.
- The working volume is 1389 cubic meters. cm.
- The piston stroke is 73.4 mm with a cylinder diameter of 77.6 mm.
- The compression ratio is 9.4:1.
- Power, which, depending on the software settings of the computer, could be 54 or 60 hp. With. at a crankshaft rotation speed of 5600 rpm. min.
Opel Corsa B with X14SZ engine
In any version, the engine meets the requirements of the Euro-1 standard. The volume of the lubrication system is 3.5 liters. The power unit is not picky about the parameters of engine oil and can run on a regular high-quality mineral water with a viscosity according to SAE 10W30. It is clearly not worth pouring synthetic lubricants with a viscosity of 5W40 - 0W40 into the X14SZ. This can lead to leakage of gaskets and seals.
Often, owners of Opel Corsa B equipped with this power unit are wondering how long the engine can run without major repairs. The resource of the cylinder block made of gray cast iron is great. Other components, such as the cylinder head, crankshaft or oil pump, should also be considered reliable. With proper operation, a mileage of 300 thousand km or more is achievable. It is possible to bore the cylinders by one repair size, for a diameter of 78.1 mm, with the installation of a new piston group.
Read also: Features, characteristics and recommendations for the operation of 1.4-liter gasoline engines for the Opel Mokka
Valve drive
X14SZ engine. Photo from Drom.ru
The hydraulic compensators used in the design of the gas distribution mechanism eliminate the need to adjust valve clearances. But if you do not change the oil in time, which is recommended to be done at least every 15 thousand km. mileage, the lubrication pressure in the hydraulic lifters may drop so much that the valves will no longer open and close normally. This, in turn, will cause gasoline to enter the oil sump. The result will be serious problems with starting the engine. Grease that has been heavily diluted with gasoline and has lost its consistency will have to be changed.
Gas distribution mechanism
A timing belt is responsible for the operation of the timing belt, which is tensioned by a roller and at the same time drives the cooling system pump. As with most engines with two valves per cylinder, a broken belt does not cause serious damage. But, so that problems do not arise along the way, replacement should be done every 60 thousand km, and not hope that the part will last as long as it takes. Buying a belt is inexpensive. For commercially available products from trusted manufacturers, such as Gates, Contitech or Dayco, they rarely ask for more than 600 rubles. Since the timing belt, tensioner pulley and cooling system pump should be changed at the same time, it is better to purchase a ready-made kit. A complete set from INA can be purchased for 3500 rubles. During maintenance, the tightening torques of threaded connections specified in the technical documentation should be observed.
Typical malfunctions
The X14SZ engine is reliable. The most common problem, even on a new unit, is oil leaking through the valve cover gasket. The rubber-cork seal has to be changed quite often, but it costs mere pennies. Most of the breakdowns that Opel Corsa B owners face today are age-related:
- Worn and loose seals and seals leak.
- Electrical components fail, sensors that transmit information to the instrument panel and computer fail, and there are malfunctions in the wiring.
- If there has been an overheating of the engine, oil scraper rings lie. The last malfunction significantly affects how much oil the engine consumes. In the normal condition of the connecting rod and piston group and the absence of a leak, no more than 600 grams of lubricant should burn out per 1000 km of track.
- Capricious monoinjection. Definitely need to replace the fuel pressure control valve. Through cracks in its membrane, fuel leaks into the idle speed control channel and the injection system begins to freak out. The condition of the idle speed controller and its seals should be checked regularly.
