These cars were secret only in the process of their development and introduction into production, and the secrecy stamp was imposed only on the types of weapons and special equipment mounted on them. As a result, with the start of the production of army four-axes, they immediately had civilian versions capable of performing their functions in the country's armed forces and in the national economy.
The impetus for the implementation of this process was a government decree of January 1966, obliging the Minsk Automobile Plant to send 5-10% of its military products to peaceful needs every month.
MAZ-543P (1966–1974)
In pursuance of the instructions of the highest authority, in the same year, the plant introduced a multi-purpose airborne version of the MAZ-543P with a payload of 19.6 tons, made on the MAZ-543 military chassis. Its main external differences from combat vehicles were a low-sided all-metal cargo platform with wooden lattice extensions, the absence of special army equipment and blackout devices.
During the first year, 80 MAZ-543P vehicles were assembled, and before the end of production, a total of over two thousand vehicles were born. Initially, they were planned to be used at enterprises of the oil and gas complex of the USSR in remote regions of the country with a poorly developed road network, but gradually the range of their application expanded to industry, construction and logging.
In the 1970s, a prototype tractor with an experimental gas turbine engine with a power of 1,100 hp was built and tested on the MAZ-543P chassis. With. Yaroslavl Motor Plant.
MAZ-7310 family (1973–1991)
The intensification of work on civilian versions of military vehicles took place in the early 1970s and was directly related to the implementation of a promising project for a more powerful army family "Oplot" (we will talk about it ahead). The idea of combining developments and the introduction of two unified types of vehicles at once, military and civilian, could significantly reduce the costs and time for expensive surveys and made it possible to simultaneously test different types of vehicles with different units and assemblies.
In reality, it was not possible to achieve high results in this matter: the new national economic versions were still based on the units of machines of the 543rd series and had nothing in common with the Oplot family. As a result, new vehicles for civilian sectors of the economy were only light modifications of well-known army trucks without shielded electrical equipment, blackout devices, communications equipment and other military attributes. All of them had their own marking and dual purpose, but they never took root either in the national economy or in the Soviet army.
The MAZ-7310 tractor vehicle, adapted for towing heavy trailers, appeared first in 1973. Its base was the MAZ-543 army chassis with a 525-horsepower diesel engine and a hydromechanical transmission. The main external distinguishing feature of the car was a high-sided all-metal cargo platform. On each side, she had two metal sides, reclining separately or together with the middle rack and equipped with lattice extensions, with which their total height reached two meters. Invisible from the outside, the novelty was also wide-profile 14-ply tires. A 22-ton chassis MAZ-73101 with a reinforced rear suspension became a variant of the onboard vehicle.
In 1974–1975, the MAZ-7310 vehicle coupled with the MAZ-8950 two-axle trailer passed state acceptance tests at 21 Research Institutes. It was not accepted into service, but in the Soviet army in small quantities these vehicles were used for secondary rear transportation, for installing simple add-ons and as training equipment. Traditionally, they were all green, but on the "citizen" they were distinguished by an absurd and immediately striking bright yellow-orange color.
In 1974, this range was supplemented by two more civilian vehicles: a prototype of a 19-ton MAZ-7510 construction dump truck and a reinforced MAZ-7910 chassis with rear suspension units from the Oplot series. The latter version served for the transportation of long pipes, rolled metal, sawn wood (assortments) and remained in production for 12 years.
For experimental purposes, an experimental combat laser complex "Drift" was mounted on two MAZ-7910 chassis, which consisted of a technological machine with a quantum generator and a launcher with a telescopic laser beam guidance system. There is no information about his further fate.
In the national economy, cars of the MAZ-7310 family and their derivatives were planned to be used primarily for the delivery of large indivisible goods and towing trailers weighing up to 25 tons in remote regions of the USSR with a harsh climate. By the forces of transport enterprises, additional fuel tanks with a capacity of up to 1,220 liters were mounted on them, which ensured a record high power reserve - up to 1.5 thousand km, which made it possible to cover long distances in the complete absence of gas stations and repair shops.
In 1986, the MAZ-7310 series was replaced by a modernized 21-ton MAZ-7313 truck and a MAZ-73131 chassis with a payload of about 23 tons. They were also based on the MAZ-543 units, but they began to use reinforced spar frame assemblies and chassis more widely. parts from the army scale "Oplot".
This program was completed by an experienced short-wheelbase airfield tractor MAZ-73132 with a shortened all-metal cargo platform and a 23-ton log truck MAZ-73136 with a two-axle trailer. In general, all the main operational parameters of the 7310/7313 series did not differ from the basic military versions.
In the civil service, where for high power and good cross-country ability, these cars in the driver's environment received the nickname "Hurricane", they turned out to be too unusual for Soviet drivers, complex, expensive and did not receive distribution in the "civilian". Small-scale assembly of a number of versions continued until 1991.
Truck cranes on the chassis of the MAZ-7310 family
On the civilian chassis MAZ-73101 and MAZ-73131, the Odessa Plant named after the January Uprising and its successor OJSC Krayan mounted equipment for heavy multi-purpose dual-purpose hydraulic truck cranes. In the army, they no longer found proper use and were used mainly in the national economy for general lifting work and in construction.
Since 1981, a 25-ton KS-5573 truck crane on the MAZ-73101 chassis has been in production - a direct successor to the military model KS-5571. It was created for operation at the oil producing enterprises of Western Siberia, but in single samples it served in large northern military formations of the Air Force and Navy of the USSR. It also mounted an autonomous power unit of 50 liters. With. and a two-section boom 14 m long.
In the 1990s, its development was the KS-5574 variant on the MAZ-73131 chassis with a three-section boom extending 32 m in length, and the new successor of the 5571 model in terms of overall design and equipment was the KS-6571 multi-purpose 40-ton hydraulic crane with 18- meter boom and its own power unit to drive the working equipment.
Fire trucks in the MAZ-7310/7313 family
The most famous purpose of the machines of this family was heavy airfield fire trucks with high cross-country ability for prompt rescue operations and extinguishing fires of aircraft directly on the runways of large airfields of the USSR Air Force and in adjacent territories.
Airfield fire engine AA-60 (7310)-160.01 on MAZ-7310 chassis (author's photo) The first attempt to create our own dual-purpose multi-axle fire engines took place in 1975, when the AA-60 (7310) -160.01 airfield vehicle appeared on the MAZ-7310 chassis. It was a massive red car with a gross weight of 43 tons, which developed an incredible speed of 60 km / h on concrete pavements of military and civilian airfields, which made it possible to deliver fire fighting equipment to an emergency aircraft in a relatively short time.
In those days, ordinary water remained the main means of extinguishing a fire, which was transported in a tank with a capacity of 12 thousand liters, and to increase efficiency, special substances were mixed with it to form a large amount of foam that prevented the combustion process. To eject water and foam onto a burning object, a powerful fire monitor and special nozzles under the bumper served to distribute them over the ignition surface. To drive the water pump, the car was equipped with an additional 180-horsepower engine.
In the mid-1980s, fire fighting equipment began to be rearranged on the MAZ-7313 chassis, which led to the creation of an upgraded version of the AA-60 (7313) -160.01, which generally did not differ from its predecessor.
In 1979, on the basis of the MAZ-7310, a new fire truck AA-70 (7310) -220 was built with a tank for 9.5 thousand liters of water for traditional firefighting with ordinary water and foam. The "highlight" of this machine was the use of a new method of extinguishing fires with fire extinguishing powder, which, under air pressure, was ejected through a second fire monitor of small diameter.
Later, this equipment was mounted on a modernized version of the AA-70 (7313) -220. In this series, for the first time, a version appeared with a regular fire monitor between the cabins and two hoses on a six-meter lifting mast, which served to fight fire at height or over large areas.
Compared to their foreign counterparts, heavy Soviet fire engines did not meet stringent international requirements for speed and dynamics of movement through airports, but for the first time all of them made it possible to come close to a higher level of development of our fire vehicles.
In this article, we have mentioned the little-known family of Minsk army vehicles "Oplot" several times. For a number of reasons, he was not destined to replace the 543rd generation, outdated by that time, but nevertheless it is worth talking about these promising military vehicles. The next article will be devoted to them, which, according to tradition, will also be released on Thursday.
Heavy truck MAZ-7310 Hurricane is a civilian version of the model 543. Serial production of vehicles began in 1976. The all-terrain vehicle is used as a flatbed truck, as well as a platform for mounting firefighters and special superstructures.
History of creation
The development of a new army all-terrain vehicle, designed to transport military equipment and mount missile weapons, began at the MAZ plant in the late 50s. The design of the machine was based on the nodes of the already produced MAZ-537. Thanks to this, the creation of the truck was completed already in 1962. The new all-terrain vehicle, designated MAZ-543, was presented to the public in 1965 during a parade dedicated to the anniversary of the October Revolution. The vehicles shown were equipped with a launcher for the 9K72 Elbrus rocket.
After 9 years, a civilian on-board version of the car was presented at VDNKh. The technique was distinguished by a simplified design, in which there was no army special equipment. Deliveries began after 2 years, but the all-terrain vehicle was not widely used in car fleets. The main volume of produced cars was supplied to the construction sites of oil and gas pipelines in Siberia. Also, the technique was used as a special airfield fire truck and as a ballast tractor.
Specifications
At the heart of the car is a frame made of riveted and welded elements. The side spars are equipped with internal reinforcing pads. The elements are placed along the upper and lower edges along the entire length. The front part of the frame is equipped with a bumper and a towing device, and towing eyes are installed on the side of the side members at the rear.
A V-shaped 12-cylinder diesel D-12A-525A is used as a power plant.
The motor is equipped with an air supply system under atmospheric pressure and a mechanical plunger pump. The power unit develops a maximum power of 525 hp. at 1400 rpm. An overdrive gear is connected to the engine, the torque from which is supplied to a hydraulic 1-stage transformer.
Paired with a transformer is a planetary 3-speed gearbox. The distribution of power over the axles is carried out using a mechanical transfer gearbox. The design of the unit has 2 speeds and an additional center differential with the possibility of blocking. Each axle has a wheel gear and an additional planetary gear in the hub. The transmission of torque between the nodes is carried out by cardan shafts.
The all-terrain vehicle is equipped with an individual torsion bar suspension for each wheel. The design has additional levers that provide wheel travel in the vertical plane and fixation in the horizontal. To reduce the rigidity of the assembly, a hydraulic shock absorber is used. On the steered wheels there is a steering knuckle with a joint of equal angular velocities.
Dimensions and technical characteristics of the car in the standard delivery:
- length - 11657 mm;
- width - 2975 mm;
- base of the front and rear bogies - 2200 mm;
- the distance between the inner axles of the bogies is 3300 mm;
- height - 2950 mm;
- clearance - 400 mm;
- load capacity - 20000 kg;
- curb weight - 23,000 kg;
- trailer weight - 25000 kg;
- speed on the highway - 60 km / h;
- fuel supply - 520 liters in the main tanks and 180 liters in the reserve;
- fuel consumption - 125 liters per 100 km (on the highway);
- the length of the road train with the MAZ-8385 trailer is 20500 mm.
The all-terrain vehicle has 2 cabins, between which there is an engine compartment. Each cabin is designed for 2 people, there are 2 doors in the side panels. Windshields are rigidly fixed in openings, equipped with cleaners. Cabins are heated by individual radiators connected to the engine cooling system. Air is circulated through the honeycombs by means of electric fans.
The left side cab is equipped with a steering column, gearshift lever and other controls. The steering is equipped with a hydraulic booster for each of the 2 axles. When turning, the wheels deviate on the 1st and 2nd axles at a different angle. The all-terrain vehicle is equipped with drum brakes with pneumatic control.
Modifications
Based on the 4-axle truck, there were a number of modifications:
- The first prototype of the new civilian vehicle was built with an onboard all-metal platform. In the future, such machines were built serially under the index 7310. The design provided for joint operation with a 2-axle trailer MAZ-8385.
- The plant supplied chassis model 73101 for operation as a lash carrier and installation of various equipment. On the basis of the chassis, airfield fire trucks of models AA-60-160 and 160-01, as well as AA-70-220 and APS-70 were built.
- On the basis of a chassis of standard length, a crane KS-5573 was produced, designed to move a load weighing 25 tons. The technique was used in the construction of oil pipelines in remote areas of Western Siberia.
- The modified chassis with a load capacity increased by 1000 kg received the MAZ-73131 index. The car has been mass-produced since the beginning of 1983. A flatbed truck with similar design changes was designated as MAZ-7313.
- For the installation of special equipment, a chassis variant was supplied, which was distinguished by shortened frame spars on the rear overhang and a rear bogie base reduced to 1700 mm. At the same time, the distance between the inner axles of the bogies was reduced to 2470 mm. On the basis of the chassis, the MAZ-7510 dump truck was built in small series, designed to transport 11.5 m³ of soil weighing up to 19,000 kg. The use of a shortened chassis made it possible to reduce the overall length of the car to 10235 mm.
- Ballast tractor MAZ-73132, built on a shortened version of the machine. Used at army airfields for towing aircraft.
- On the modified chassis, crane installations KS-6571 were mounted, designed to work with a load weighing 40 tons. The machines were produced by the Im. January Uprising", located in Odessa.
AC-5-40 Fire truck (MAZ-533702)
fire truck
AC-5-40MAZ-533702 General view
fire truck AC-5-40 (5337) on MAZ-5337 chassis, equipped with a fire pump PN-40 UV is designed for:
- extinguishing fires with fire extinguishing agents;
- delivery to the fire site of a combat crew, fire-technical equipment and a supply of fire extinguishing agents;
- supply of water and air-mechanical foam of low and medium expansion through pressure hoses, hand and fire monitors and foam generators when extinguishing fires.
tank truck can be used as an independent combat unit with the intake of foam concentrate from a foam tank or an external reservoir and the intake of water from a tank, from a reservoir or from a water supply network. The tank truck is designed for operation in areas with a temperate climate at an ambient temperature of minus 40 to plus 40°C.
The tank truck consists from the following main parts:
- chassis with driver's cab;
- pumping unit with a drive;
- tanks;
- water and foam communications;
- fire monitor;
- combat crew cabins;
- electrical equipment;
- set of fire-technical weapons.
On the modified chassis are installed: a frame, a tank, a pump drive, a combat crew cabin, a vacuum system and part of the electrical equipment.
The compartments of the tank housed fire-technical equipment and electrical equipment.
tank truck equipped with a signal-loud-speaking installation "Corvette SGS-01" or "South Ural".
A fire monitor is installed on the roof of the tank.
The main job of the tank truck is to use the available equipment and accessories to supply water or air-mechanical foam to the fire until the fire is completely eliminated.
The fire pump is driven from the vehicle engine through the central power take-off gearbox "TsROM" and cardan transmission. The initial filling of the suction line and the pump when taking water from the reservoir is carried out by a vacuum system. The tank truck can perform the following operations:
Serve the foaming agent solution from the container; supply water from a cistern, reservoir or hydrant of the water supply network; work on pumping water with other tankers at a considerable distance of the reservoir from the fire site.
The electrical equipment of the tanker consists of the electrical equipment of the chassis and additional electrical equipment.
The energy consumers of the tanker are powered by 12V DC from the on-board network of the chassis.
Fire-technical equipment on a tanker is located on the body cover and in the compartments. PTV is securely fastened with special mechanisms, clamps and other fastening elements. PTV is placed taking into account easy access and quick removal.
Main technical characteristics
|
| Name | Quantity |
| Gaff BPM | 1 |
| Dielectric bots | 3 |
| Water collector VS-125 | 1 |
| Hydraulic elevator G-600 | 1 |
| Head GP 70x50 | 2 |
| Head GP 80x50 | 2 |
| Rope VPS-30 | 1 |
| Sleeve delay | 6 |
| Clamp ZR-80 | 4 |
| Key K-150 | 2 |
| Key K-80 | 2 |
| Dielectric carpet | 1 |
| chock | 2 |
| KP column | 1 |
| Hook for opening lids of hydrants | 1 |
| KP key | 1 |
| Ladder L-60 | 1 |
| Ladder LSH | 1 |
| Ladder-stick LP | 1 |
| Scrap LPL | 1 |
| Scrap LPT | 1 |
| Shovel LKO | 1 |
| Walkways are sleeve | 2 |
| Guide cable link GDZS-1 | 1 |
| Carpenter's saw | 1 |
| Fire extinguisher OP-3 | 1 |
| Foam generator GPS-600 | 2 |
| Dielectric gloves | 3 |
| Branching RT-80 | 1 |
| Sleeve Ø32, L=4m | 1 |
| Sleeve Ø51, L=20m | 8 |
| Sleeve Ø77, L=20m | 4 |
| Sleeve Ø77, L=4m | 2 |
| Suction hose Ø125, L=2m | 4 |
| Suction hose Ø75, L=2m | 4 |
| Link link GDZS-1 | 1 |
| Suction mesh SV-125 | 1 |
| Trunk RSK 3-70 | 1 |
| RSK-50 barrel | 2 |
| RSP-70 barrel | 1 |
| Ax T-A2 | 1 |
| Lantern FOS-3 | 1 |
| Lantern FPS-4/6 | 3 |
Aerotecnica Coltri Spa is one of the world's largest manufacturers of high pressure breathing air and industrial gas compressors. http://www.coltri.com/
The core business of WISS is the production of technologically advanced special fire trucks, fire fighters and work lifts. http://www.wiss.com.pl/
MSA is a world leader in the design and manufacture of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Workplace Safety. The company's priority areas are self-contained breathing apparatus, stationary and portable gas and fire detection systems, PPE against falls from a height, head, eye, face and respiratory protection, gas analyzers. http://www.msasafety.com/
SAFER® innovations from Techplast Ltd. based on a 65% reduction in cylinder weight compared to a steel cylinder. The effect of lightness is achieved through the use of a PET liner and high-quality carbon and aramid (Kevlar) fibers. http://www.safercylinders.net/
STAKO is a world leader in the design and manufacture of pressure cylinders, which are widely used in many industries. Mission to become the world's best manufacturer of pressure cylinders for air, LPG and CNG. http://www.stako.pl/
Worthington is a global manufacturer of high pressure cylinders. Kienberg seamless steel cylinders are known for their unique quality in more than 70 countries around the world. The latest innovation is the Longlife Powercoat powder coating technology, which has set a new standard for exterior coatings. http://worthingtonindustries.at/en/
CJSC Eliot was founded in 1998 in St. Petersburg. It is a developer and manufacturer of fire-resistant materials and personal protective equipment for firefighters. The organization supplies personal protective equipment for the needs of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, enterprises of the oil, gas and chemical industries. http://www.zaoeliot.com/
KZPT is engaged in the production of protective helmets and helmets for special purposes from hardened resins with glass mat. Dannaya tehnologiya in techenie mnogix let ppoizvodctva dala vozmozhnoct cpetsializatsii zavoda in ppoizvodctve vycokokachectvennyh and fynktsionalnyh helmets kotopye polychili polozhitelnyyu otsenky kak tak polckih and zapybezhnyh polzovateley. http://www.kzpt.pl/
LLC "BLIK" - 7 years of leadership in the production of professional flashlights for industrial and military purposes! The BLIK company develops and produces professional battery-type flashlights for search and rescue activities and general industrial purposes. The products of the enterprise are in demand in the bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for metro services, border guards, housing and communal services, etc. http://www.ooo-blik.ru/
LLC "Tierney and Henderson" is the exclusive distributor of the largest Russian manufacturer of hydraulic rescue tools (GASI) - the plant "Agregat". The new tool features a much wider range, improved performance, a more reliable and compact control unit, a more convenient connector type that allows you to connect a tool without depressurizing. http://tierney-henderson.ru/
Fireco is a leader in the manufacture of special telescopic masts made of high quality aluminium. They install halogen or LED lamps, antennas, radars and cameras. Fireco also manufactures motor pumps and high pressure kits for first responder vehicles. The wide range of telescopic masts also includes the Aquamast series, which is equipped with a fire monitor for extinguishing fires in tall buildings. http://www.fireco.eu/
The F.M. "BUMAR-KOSZALIN" has been supplying more than ten types of car lifts for more than seventy years, including: fire telescopic lifts designed for rescue operations, civil lifts. Many years of experience, knowledge and potential, together with a modern technological idea, as well as with the company's design capabilities, allow us to expand the range of products offered, thereby strengthening the position of the WISS Group on the international market. http://www.bumar.pl/
VTI Ventil Technik GmbH has been designing and manufacturing valves for medium and high pressure cylinders since 1946. It is the largest supplier to all countries of the world. The company's products meet all applicable requirements, and even surpass them in some respects. http://www.vti.de/
JANKO DOLENC s.p. since 1979 has been manufacturing gloves and safety shoes. In 2000, they began to produce boots for firefighters and rescuers, and their certification was also carried out. Currently, the company has 32 employees on 1400 sq. m of production space. http://www.brandbull.si
The company “Latakva Fire Service” operates in the field of sales of fire equipment, firefighting maintenance and repair, as well as in the production of fire protective compositions throughout Latvia and the Baltic. https://www.latakva.com/en/
Since 1993, the company has been supplying equipment to the fire department and other emergency services, and has been manufacturing fire and rescue equipment.
Designed to eliminate and localize an emergency before the arrival of the main operational forces, provides prompt delivery to the fire site of personnel (up to 6 people), equipment and tools for reconnaissance, elimination of fires, rescue of victims, emergency rescue operations during road - transport incidents. Wheel formula 4x2. Water tank capacity 3700 l. Foam tank capacity 220 l.ADB rapid response vehicle MAZ-4371R2 Designed to eliminate and localize an emergency before the arrival of the main operational forces, provides prompt delivery to the fire site of personnel (up to 6 people), equipment and tools for reconnaissance, elimination of fires, rescue of victims, emergency rescue operations during road - transport incidents. Water tank capacity, l 500, Foam tank capacity, l 50
Fire tank truck AC 4.0 (5.0) MAZ-5434X3 It is designed to deliver personnel (up to 6 people), fire-technical weapons and equipment to the fire site, to extinguish fires in forests, cities and other settlements and to carry out emergency rescue operations. Wheel formula 4x4. Water tank capacity, 4000 (5000) l. Foam tank capacity 240 (300) l.
Fire tank truck AC-8.0, MAZ-6312V9 It is designed to deliver personnel (up to 2 people), fire-technical weapons and equipment to the fire site, to extinguish fires in forests, cities and other settlements and to carry out emergency rescue operations. Wheel formula 6x4. Combat crew module: 4-seater, 2-door. Water tank capacity: 8000 l. Foam tank capacity: 500l.
Fire tank truck AC-11.0 MAZ-6317X9 It is designed to deliver personnel (up to 6 people), fire-technical weapons and equipment to the fire site, to extinguish fires in forests, cities and other settlements and to carry out emergency rescue operations. Wheel formula 6x6. Water tank capacity, l 11000, Foam tank capacity, l. 660
Airfield extinguishing vehicle AA 12.0 MAZ-6317X9 Designed for operation at airports and provides extinguishing of fires of aviation transport, burning spilled aviation fuel, as well as carrying out emergency rescue operations. Allows you to cover the runway with a layer of air-mechanical foam. Wheel formula 6x6. Water tank capacity, 12000 l. Foam tank capacity 720 l.
Powder extinguishing vehicle AP 5000 MAZ It is intended for extinguishing fires at enterprises of the chemical and oil refining industries, gas and oil production facilities, nuclear power plants, electrical substations, and airports. Wheel formula 6x6. Weight of fire-extinguishing powder, kg -5000, number of containers for powder, pcs. - 2.
