45 candies cost the same amount of rubles as you can buy for 20 rubles. How many candies can you buy for 50 rubles?

Answer: 75 candies.

Solution. Let x- the cost of one candy in rubles. Then 45 x= 20/x, where x= 2/3. Then for 50 rubles you can buy 50/ x= 75 candies.

Criteria.

Equation 45 is correct x= 20/x, but an arithmetic error was made when solving it or later: 5 points.

The solution states that the price of one candy is 2/3, checks that this cost fits the conditions of the problem, and obtains the correct answer: 4 points.

Only the correct answer is given: 1 point.

Task 2. (7 points)

Zhenya placed the numbers from 1 to 10 around the circle in some order, and Dima wrote their sum in the space between the numbers. Could it have happened that all the numbers Dima wrote turned out to be different?

Answer: It could.

An example of number placement is shown below.

Criteria. Any correct solution: 7 points.

Only a correct answer or a correct answer and an incorrect example is given: 0 points.

Task 3. (7 points)

Is it possible in some cells of table 8 × 8 write ones, and the rest - zeros, so that in all columns there is a different amount, and in all lines - the same?

Answer: Can.

Solution. Let the sum of the numbers in each line be equal to x. Then the sum of all numbers in the table is 8 x, that is, the total sum is divided by 8. Note that the columns can contain from 0 to 8 units. The sum of all numbers from 0 to 8 is 36. To get a multiple of 8, you need to subtract 4 from 36. Therefore, in our example there should not be a column that contains exactly 4 ones.

An example is shown below (there are other examples).

Criteria. Any correct example, even without any explanation: 7 points.

It has been proven that if the sum in all columns is non-zero, then the example does not exist: 4 points.

Task 4. (7 points)

Two squares have a common vertex. Find the ratio of the segments AB And CD shown in the figure.

Answer:

Solution. Let the point O- the common vertex of two squares, and their sides are equal a And b. The diagonals of the squares are equal And respectively. In addition, ∠ C.O.D.= ∠COB+ ∠BOD= ∠COB+ 45° = ∠COB+ ∠AOC= ∠AOB. Triangles AOB And C.O.D. similar in general angles and proportional sides at this angle.

Hence, AB: CD=

Criteria. Any correct solution: 7 points.

The ratio is not calculated correctly AB To CD, A CD To AB(respectively, answer): 7 points.

The similarity of triangles has been proven AOB And C.O.D., but there is no further conclusion or the required relation is found incorrectly: 6 points.

It has been proven that ∠ AOB= ∠C.O.D., but no further progress: 1 point.

Only a special case is considered (for example, when the squares have the same side or when the angle between some sides of two squares is 90°): 0 points.

Only the correct answer is given: 0 points.

Task 5. (7 points)

Numbers a, b, c And d are such that a+b= c+d ≠ 0, ac= bd. Prove that a+ c= b+ d.

Solution. If a ≠ 0, then substitute c= b d/a, we get

From here b= c And a+ c= b+ d.

If a= 0, then b ≠ 0 (otherwise a+ b= 0), therefore d= 0 (from ac= bd). But then equality a+ b= c+ d rewritten as b= c, from which the required equality follows.

Other solutions are also possible.

Criteria. Any correct solution: 7 points.

The correct solution considers an expression of the form bd a(or any similar), but the case of the denominator being equal to zero is not considered: 5 points.

It has been proven that ( a+c) 2 = (b+d) 2 , but the case ( a+c) = — (b+ d): 3 points.

Only the case of specific numerical values ​​is considered a, b, c, d: 0 points.

Task 6. (7 points)

There are 60 road signs along the route. On each of them is written the sum of the distances to the remaining 59 characters. Is it possible that there are 60 different natural numbers written on the signs? (The distances between characters are not necessarily integer.)

Answer: Impossible.

Solution. Let us number the signs sequentially with numbers from 1 to 60. Let us prove that the numbers written on the signs numbered 30 and 31 are the same.

Let us divide the remaining signs into pairs of the form k And k+ 31: 1 and 32, 2 and 33, . . . , 29 and 60. Note that the sum of the distances from both sign 30 and sign 31 to the signs of one pair k And k+ 31 equals the distance between characters k And k+ 31. Since the number on signs 30 and 31 is equal to the sum of the distances to the signs of all 29 pairs and the distance between signs 30 and 31, then the numbers on signs 30 and 31 are the same.

Criteria. Any correct solution: 7 points.

It is stated, but not proven, that the numbers written on the two middle columns (on columns 30 and 31) are equal: 2 points.

Using the example of special cases, it is shown that there will definitely be equal numbers: 0 points.

Only the correct answer is given: 0 points.

From May to July last year, this section operated in test mode. It was interesting - I drove up to the toll booth, but they didn’t charge me, although everything was working: the operators issued a test receipt and the barrier opened.

Since July, the section 43–71 kilometers has been made toll. Since January 18, the toll area area has been significantly increased.

At the 7th kilometer from the Moscow Ring Road, the first gas station on the M-4 is nestled near the highway. Two years ago there were sections of the highway where you couldn’t see a single gas station for 70 kilometers.

Having crossed the Bitsa River, I park for a smoke break next to the same driver. We are discussing toll sections of the route.

The toll section should be level, tidy and brightly lit, with ramps - that's it; with gas stations, shops, toilets - two; with motels, Wi-Fi zones and a normal level of service along the entire route. And there were three lanes in one direction here before,” says Muscovite Igor Bevz, driving a Mitsubishi Outlander, and deputy director of a chain of mini-markets along the Moscow Ring Road, to VM.

Exit to Domodedovo at the 12th kilometer: there are three gas stations here, after a minute’s drive there is another one plus a bistro.

But the driver was unlucky - he was changing a tire on a pickup truck at minus 10. I offer help. He: “Thank you, I’ve already installed the spare tire.” By the way, along the highway there are car assistance vehicles: they sell anti-freeze and various small car items. With extra charge.

Radio reception on the highway is clear, mobile communications are free of interference.

Lighting is in the center of the track. At the 23rd kilometer, an information board appears for the first time, notifying that further on there is a toll road. The same shields are at kilometers 27, 28, and 30. Frequently.

I was overtaken twice by a patrol from Avtodor, the company that manages highways with toll sections. Well done for monitoring the situation. Only truck drivers who organize races are not stopped by this.

At the 35th kilometer, three lanes and a toll collection point are being completed.

We closed on January 19th. The barrier was lowered, but the driver leaves the gas station without putting the barrier behind him! Who am I to him here, huh? - Lukoil gas station manager Silur Teikh gets excited. - We have everything: a shower, a toilet, a cafe, gasoline, water. Always stop by! But we are still open until 23:30.

Repair! After the 40th kilometer I leave the highway. Fee Station. I pay 30 rubles. From the window a nervous voice: “Are you tired of reading? Travel for SUVs - 60!” And then - chaos. Having pulled off the clear highway, I see a one-lane dark road filled with speeding trucks.

I understand - this is a free analogue of the track, and it is “wonderful”! Traffic information is presented haphazardly. I got confused on a dark dirt road following the signs.

During reconnaissance, the idea came to me that on all toll sections of the M-4 Don there is still no gradation of tariffs by distance: both for 40 and 100 kilometers along the toll highway the price is the same. Hm...

New road signs introduced 01.2006

1. Restricted parking zone signs.
They will be installed on sections of roads with parking restrictions. The sign on the right indicates zone cancellation.

2. Signs “Zone with maximum speed restrictions.”
They are installed within the boundaries of the site on which they operate.

3. Pedestrian zone signs
indicate areas where only pedestrian traffic is allowed.

4. “Regulated parking zone” signs
indicate the method of parking and the duration of the sign.

5. “Settlement” signs
will tell the driver that he/t/dorogi_rossii/ needs to reduce the speed to 60 km/h.

6. Sign “Direction of turn”
will indicate the detour direction.

7. “Harness” sign
stands for speed bump.

8. Congestion sign
will warn drivers about traffic jams.

9. “Dangerous Roadside” sign
They will put it where it is better not to leave the road.

10. Sign “Intersection with a secondary road”
will help you find the lane.

11. Sign “Turn right (left)”
will indicate the direction of movement.

12. “Control” sign
will appear at police posts, entrances to border and closed areas, as well as on toll roads. A stop is required!

13. Beach or Pool Sign
will indicate where you can refresh yourself.

14. Sign “Radio communication area with emergency services”
will tell you which radio channel owners of portable civilian radio stations should switch to.

15. Sign “Reception area of ​​a radio station transmitting traffic information”
If you have a shortwave radio station installed in your car, then to communicate you need to switch to the specified frequency.

16. Sign “General maximum speed limits”
will appear at all entrances to Russia and will inform visitors about speed limits on our roads.

17. Plates “Type of route vehicle”
will be installed at “intercept” parking lots and will tell drivers where to go next.

Warning signs

Warning signs inform drivers that they are approaching a dangerous section of the road, driving along which requires taking measures appropriate to the situation.
1.1 Railroad crossing with barrier	1.2 Railroad crossing without a barrier
1.3.1 "Single track Railway"	1.3.2 "Multi-track Railway"
Designation of a crossing not equipped with a barrier via railway: 1.3.1 - with one path 1.3.2 - with two paths or more
1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6 Approaching a railway crossing Additional proximity warning to railway crossings outside populated areas.
1.5 "Intersection with tram line"	1.6 "Intersection of equivalent roads"
1.7 "Roundabout"	1.8 "Traffic light regulation" Crossroads, pedestrian crossing or a section of road, movement on which regulated by traffic lights.
1.9 "Drawbridge" Drawbridge or ferry crossing.	1.10 "Departure to the embankment" Departure to the embankment or shore.
"Dangerous bend" Curving a road with a small radius or with limited visibility: 1.11.1 - right 1.11.2 - left
"Dangerous Turns" A section of road with dangerous turns: 1.12.1 - with the first turn to the right 1.12.2 - with the first left turn
1.13 "Steep descent"	1.14 "Steep climb"
1.15 "Slippery road" A section of road with elevated slippery roadway.	1.16 "Rough road" A section of road that has unevenness on the roadway (undulations, potholes, unsmooth interfaces with bridges and the like).
1.17 "Artificial hump" A section of road with artificial hump(s) to force a reduction in speed.	1.18 "Gravel Burst" A section of road where gravel, crushed stone and the like can be thrown out from under the wheels of vehicles.
1.19 "Dangerous Roadside" A section of road where pulling off to the side of the road is dangerous.	"Road narrows" Tapering on both sides - 1.20.1, on the right - 1.20.2, on the left - 1.20.3.
1.21 "Two-way traffic" Beginning of the road section (roadway) with oncoming traffic.	1.22 "Crosswalk" Crosswalk, marked with signs 5.19.1, 5.19.2 and (or) markings 1.14.1 and 1.14.2.
1.23 "Children" A section of road near a children's institution (schools, health camps and the like), on the roadway of which children may be born.	1.24 "Intersection with a bicycle path"
1.25 "Men at work"	1.26 "Cattle Driving"
1.27 "Wild animals"	1.28 "Falling Stones" The section of road where landslides are possible, falling stones.
1.29 "Crosswind"	1.30 "Low Flying Planes"
1.31 "Tunnel" A tunnel that is missing artificial lighting, or tunnel, visibility the entry portal of which is limited.	1.32 "Congestion" Road section, where there was a traffic jam...
1.33 "Other Dangers" dangers not foreseen	1.32 "Other Dangers" A section of road on which there are dangers not foreseen other warning signs.
"Rotation direction" Driving direction at a curved road small radius with limited visibility. Direction to bypass the repaired area section of the road.	1.34.3 "Rotation direction" Driving directions T-junction or fork in the road. Detour directions section of the road being repaired.
Warning signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 - 1.33 outside populated areas are installed at a distance of 150 - 300 m, in populated areas - at a distance of 50 - 100 m before the start of the dangerous section. If necessary, signs can be installed at a different distance, which in this case is indicated on plate 8.1.1. Signs 1.13 and 1.14 can be installed without plate 8.1.1 immediately before the start of a descent or ascent, if the descents and ascents follow one another. Sign 1.25 when carrying out short-term work on the roadway can be installed without sign 8.1.1 at a distance of 10 - 15 m from the work site. Sign 1.32 is used as a temporary sign or in signs with a variable image before an intersection, from where it is possible to bypass a section of the road where a traffic jam has formed. Outside populated areas, signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.9, 1.10, 1.23 and 1.25 are repeated. The second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m before the start of the dangerous section. Signs 1.23 and 1.25 are also repeated in populated areas immediately at the beginning of the dangerous section.

Priority signs

Priority signs establish the order of passage through intersections, intersections of roadways or narrow sections of the road.
2.1 the main road The road on which it is provided right of way unregulated intersections.	2.2 End of the main road
2.3.1 "Intersection with a secondary road"	2.3.2 2.3.3 "Secondary road junction" Right abutment - 2.3.2, 2.3.4, 2.3.6, on the left - 2.3.3, 2.3.5, 2.3.7.
2.4 "Give way" vehicles, moving along the road being crossed, and if there is signs 8.13 - on the main one.	2.5 "Driving without stopping is prohibited" No movement allowed without stopping before the stop line, and if it is not there - in front of the edge of the crossed roadway. The driver must give way vehicles moving along the intersection, and if there is a sign 8.13 - along the main road. Sign 2.5 may be installed in front of the railway moving or quarantine post. In these cases, the driver must stop before the stop line, and in its absence - in front of the sign.
2.6 "Advantage of oncoming traffic" It is prohibited to enter the narrow section of road if possible obstruct oncoming traffic. The driver must give way oncoming vehicles, located on a narrow site or the opposite entrance to it.	2.7 "Advantage over oncoming traffic" Narrow section of road, when driving by which the driver has priority over to oncoming traffic means.

Prohibition signs

Prohibition signs introduce or remove certain traffic restrictions.
"No entry" Entry of all vehicles is prohibited in this direction.	"Movement Prohibition" All vehicles are prohibited funds.
"Movement of mechanical vehicles are prohibited"	"Truck traffic is prohibited" The movement of trucks and combinations of vehicles with a permit with a maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons (if on weight is not indicated on the sign) or with the permitted maximum weight more than indicated on sign, as well as tractors and self-propelled machines. Sign 3.4 does not prohibit the movement of freight cars with an inclined white stripe on sides or intended for transportation of people.
"Motorcycles are prohibited"	"Tractor traffic is prohibited" Tractor traffic is prohibited and self-propelled vehicles.
"Driving with a trailer is prohibited" Truck traffic is prohibited and tractors with trailers of any type, as well as towing mechanical Vehicle.	"The movement of horse-drawn carts is prohibited" The movement of horse-drawn carts (sleighs) is prohibited. riding and pack animals, as well as cattle drive.
"Bicycles are prohibited" Bicycles and mopeds are prohibited.	"No Pedestrians"
"Weight limit" including vehicle combinations, the total actual mass of which is greater indicated on the sign.	"Weight limit, attributable to the vehicle axle" , in which the actual mass attributable to on any axis, exceeds that indicated on the sign.
"Height Limit" The movement of vehicles is prohibited the overall height of which (with cargo or	"Width Limit" The movement of vehicles is prohibited the overall width of which (with cargo or without load) more than indicated on the sign.
"Length Limit" No vehicles allowed (vehicle trains) overall the length of which (with or without load) more than indicated on the sign.	"Minimum distance limitation" No vehicles allowed with less distance between them indicated on the sign.
"Customs" It is prohibited to travel without stopping at customs (checkpoint).	"Danger" Further movement is prohibited all vehicles without exception in connection with a traffic accident, accident, fire or other danger.
"Control" Driving without stopping is prohibited through checkpoints.
"Right turns are prohibited"	"Left turn prohibited"
"U-turn prohibited"
"Overtaking is prohibited" Overtaking of all vehicles is prohibited.	"End of the no-overtaking zone"
"Overtaking of trucks is prohibited" Prohibited for trucks with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 t overtaking all vehicles.	"End of the no-overtaking zone for trucks"
"Maximum speed limit" It is prohibited to drive at a speed (km/h) exceeding that indicated on the sign.	"End of maximum limit zone speed"
"Sound signal prohibited" It is prohibited to use sound signals, except when the signal is given for preventing a traffic accident.
"Stopping prohibited" Stopping and parking is prohibited Vehicle.	"No parking" Parking of vehicles is prohibited.
"Parking is prohibited on odd days dates of the month"	"Parking is prohibited on even days dates of the month"
When signs 3.29 and 3.30 are used simultaneously on opposite sides of the roadway, parking is permitted on both sides of the roadway from 19:00 to 21:00 (rearrangement time).
"The end of the zone of all restrictions" Indication of the end of the coverage area simultaneously several characters from the following: 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26-3.30.
dangerous goods are prohibited" The movement of vehicles is prohibited equipped with identification marks (information signs) "Dangerous goods."	"Movement of vehicles with explosive and flammable cargo is prohibited" The movement of vehicles is prohibited transporting explosives and products, as well as other dangerous goods, to be labeled as flammable, unless transportation of the specified dangerous substances and products in limited quantities, determined in the manner established by special transportation rules.
Signs 3.2 - 3.9, 3.32 and 3.33 prohibit the movement of the corresponding types of vehicles in both directions. The signs do not apply to: 3.1 - 3.3, 3.18.1, 3.18.2, 3.19, 3.27 - for route vehicles; 3.2 - 3.8 - for vehicles of federal postal service organizations that have a white diagonal stripe on a blue background on the side surface, and vehicles that serve enterprises located in the designated zone, and also serve citizens or belong to citizens living or working in the designated zone . In these cases, vehicles must enter and exit the designated area at the intersection closest to their destination; 3.28 - 3.30 - on vehicles of federal postal organizations that have a white diagonal stripe on the side surface on a blue background, as well as on taxis with a taximeter turned on; (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 21, 2000 N 370) 3.2, 3.3, 3.28 - 3.30 - for vehicles driven by disabled people of groups I and II or transporting such disabled people. The effect of signs 3.18.1, 3.18.2 extends to the intersection of roadways in front of which the sign is installed. The coverage area of ​​signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26 - 3.30 extends from the place where the sign is installed to the nearest intersection behind it, and in populated areas, in the absence of an intersection, to the end of the populated area. The effect of the signs is not interrupted at exit points from areas adjacent to the road and at intersections (junctions) with field, forest and other secondary roads in front of which the corresponding signs are not installed. The effect of sign 3.24, installed in front of a populated area indicated by sign 5.23.1 or 5.23.2, extends to this sign. The coverage area of ​​signs may be reduced: for signs 3.16 and 3.26 using plate 8.2.1; for signs 3.20, 3.22, 3.24 by installing signs 3.21, 3.23, 3.25 at the end of their coverage area, respectively, or using plate 8.2.1. The coverage area of ​​sign 3.24 can be reduced by installing sign 3.24 with a different maximum speed value; for signs 3.27 - 3.30 by installing repeated signs 3.27 - 3.30 with plate 8.2.3 at the end of their coverage area or using plate 8.2.2. Sign 3.27 can be used in conjunction with marking 1.4, and sign 3.28 - with marking 1.10, while the coverage area of ​​the signs is determined by the length of the marking line. Signs 3.10, 3.27 - 3.30 are valid only on the side of the road on which they are installed.

Mandatory signs

4.1.1 "Moving Straight" 4.1.2 "Move to the right" 4.1.3 "Move to the left" 4.1.4 "Move straight or right" 4.1.5 "Move straight or left" 4.1.6 "Move right or left"
Driving is allowed only in the directions indicated on the signs arrows. Signs that allow left turns also allow U-turns. (signs 4.1.1 - 4.1.6 with arrow configurations can be used, corresponding to the required directions of movement at a specific intersection). Signs 4.1.1 - 4.1.6 do not apply for route vehicles. Signs 4.1.1 - 4.1.6 apply at the intersection of roadways in front of which there is a sign. The effect of sign 4.1.1 installed at the beginning of the road section is extends to the nearest intersection. The sign does not prohibit turn right into courtyards and other areas adjacent to the road.
"Roundabout Circulation" Movement in the direction indicated by the arrows is permitted.
"Bike Lane" Only bicycles are allowed and mopeds. On the bike path they can pedestrians can also move (in the absence of sidewalk or walkway).	"Footpath" Only pedestrians are allowed to move.
"Minimum speed limit" Driving is permitted only with the indicated or higher speed (km/h).	"End of restriction zone minimum speed"
Signs of special regulations Special regulations signs introduce or cancel certain traffic modes. "Motorway" Road on which the requirements apply Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, on highways. "The End of the Motorway" "Road for cars" A road intended for use only by cars, buses and motorcycles. "The End of the Road for Cars" "One Way Road" "The end of the one way road movement" "Entering a one-way road" Entering a one-way road or carriageway "Reverse movement" The beginning of a section of road on which on one or several lanes the direction of travel may change to the opposite. "The end of reverse movement" "Entering a road with reverse traffic" "Road with a lane for route Vehicle" The road along which route traffic vehicles is carried out on a specially allocated lane towards the general flow of vehicles. "End of the road with route lane Vehicle" "Out on the road with route lane Vehicle" "Lane for route buses" Vehicle" The road on which traffic route vehicles carried out according to a specially allocated lane towards the general flow Vehicle. The sign applies to the lane above which it is located. The action of the sign installed to the right of the road, extends to the right lane. Number of lanes and permitted directions movements on each of them. "Driving directions by lane" Allowed directions lane movement. Signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2, allowing left turns from the leftmost lane, U-turns from this lane are also permitted. Signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2 do not apply to route vehicles. The effect of signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2 installed in front of the intersection applies to the entire intersection, unless other signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2 installed on it give other instructions. "Start of the Strip" Beginning of an additional lane on the rise or braking lanes. If on the sign installed in front additional stripe, depicted sign 4.7 "Minimum speed limit", then the driver of the vehicle who cannot continue to move along the main road lane at the specified speed or higher, must change lanes. "Start of the Strip" The beginning of the middle section three-lane road intended "End of the Strip" End of the additional lane on the rise or acceleration lanes. "End of the Strip" End of the middle strip on a three-lane road intended to move in a given direction. "Direction of lanes" "Number of lanes" Indicates the number of lanes and lane modes. The driver is obliged to comply with the requirements of the signs marked on the arrows. If sign 5.15.7 shows a sign prohibiting the movement of any vehicles, then the movement of these vehicles in the corresponding lane is prohibited. Signs 5.15.7 with the appropriate number of arrows can be used on roads with four or more lanes. "Room for a U-Turn" Turning left is prohibited. "Turning Zone" Turning left is prohibited. "Bus stop location and (or) trolleybus" "Tram stop" "Taxi parking area" "Crosswalk" If there are no markings 1.14.1 or 1.14.2 at the crossing, sign 5.19.1 is installed to the right of the road on the near border of the crossing relative to approaching vehicles, and sign 5.19.2 is installed to the left of the road on the far border of the crossing. 5.20"Artificial hump" Indicates the boundaries of an artificial roughness. The sign is installed at the nearest boundary of the artificial hump relative to approaching vehicles. "Living sector" Territory in which they operate traffic rules in residential areas. "The end of the residential area" "The beginning of a settlement" in which the requirements of the Rules apply, establishing the order of movement in populated areas. "The end of a settlement" The place from which on this road the requirements of the Rules become invalid, establishing the order of movement in populated areas. "The beginning of a settlement" Name and beginning of the settlement, in which they do not operate on this road requirements of the Rules establishing traffic order in populated areas. "The end of a settlement" The end of the settlement indicated by sign 5.24. "Restricted parking zone" (section of the road) where parking is prohibited. "End of restricted parking zone" "Regulated parking zone" The place where the territory begins (section of road) where parking is permitted and is regulated using signs and markings. "End of regulated parking zone" "Zone with maximum speed limit" The place where the territory begins (section of the road) where the maximum speed is limited. "End of restricted zone maximum speed" "Pedestrian zone" The place where the territory begins (section of road) on which it is permitted pedestrian traffic only. "End of the pedestrian zone" On signs 5.20.1, 5.20.2, 5.21.1 and 5.21.2 installed outside a populated area, a green or blue background means that traffic to the specified populated area or object will be carried out, respectively, along a motorway or other road. On signs 5.20.1, 5.20.2, 5.21.1 and 5.21.2 installed in a populated area, a green or blue background means that movement to the specified populated area or object after leaving this populated area will be carried out, respectively, along a highway or other road; a white background means that the specified object is located in this locality. Information signs Information signs inform about the location of settlements and other objects, as well as about established or recommended driving modes. "General maximum speed limits" General speed limits set Traffic rules of the Russian Federation. Recommended speed on this section of the road. Sign area extends to the nearest intersection, and when sign 6.2 is used together with a warning sign, it is determined the length of the dangerous area. "Room for a U-Turn" Turning left is prohibited. "Turning Zone" Length of the turning zone. Turning left is prohibited. "Parking area" "Emergency stop strip" Emergency stop strip on a steep descent. "Crosswalk" If there are no markings 1.14.1 - 1.14.3 at the transition, sign 6.16.2 is installed to the right of the road at the nearest border of the crossing, and sign 6.16.1 is to the left from the road at the far border of the crossing. "Underground pedestrian crossing" "Overground pedestrian crossing" 6.9.1 "Dead end" A road with no through passage. 6.9.1 "Advance direction indicator", 6.9.2 "Advance direction indicator". Driving directions to those indicated on the sign settlements and other objects. The signs may contain images of sign 6.14.1, highway symbols, airport symbols and other pictograms. Sign 6.9.1 may contain images of other signs informing about traffic patterns. At the bottom of sign 6.9.1, the distance from the place where the sign is installed to the intersection or the beginning of the deceleration lane is indicated. Sign 6.9.1 is also used to indicate a detour around sections of roads on which one of the prohibition signs 3.11 - 3.15 is installed. "Traffic pattern" Driving route when prohibited at the crossroads of individual maneuvers or permitted directions of movement at a difficult intersection. 6.10.1 "Direction indicator" Driving directions to route points. Signs may indicate distance to the object marked on it (km), plotted symbols of highways, airports, sports and other pictograms. "Object name" Name of another object, than a populated area (river, lake, pass, interesting place etc). "Distance indicator" Distance to populated areas (km), located along the route. 6.13 6.14.1 6.14.2 "Kilometer sign" Distance to start or the end of the road (km). "Routing number" Number assigned to the road (route). "Routing number" Road number and direction (route). "Traffic direction for trucks" Recommended direction of movement for trucks, tractors and self-propelled vehicles if their movement in one of the directions is prohibited at the intersection. "Stop line" Place where vehicles stop when prohibited traffic light (traffic controller) signal. "Detour diagram" A route to bypass a section of the road that is temporarily closed to traffic. "Preliminary indicator for changing lanes onto another roadway" Direction to bypass a section of the roadway closed to traffic on a road with a median or direction of travel to return to the right carriageway. On signs 6.9.1, 6.9.2, 6.10.1 and 6.10.2 installed outside a populated area, a green or blue background means that traffic to the specified populated area or object will be carried out, respectively, along a motorway or other road. On signs 6.9.1, 6.9.2, 6.10.1 and 6.10.2 installed in a populated area, inserts with a green or blue background mean that movement to the specified populated area or object after leaving this populated area will be carried out accordingly according to motorway or other road; The white background of the sign means that the specified object is located in this locality. Service marks Service signs inform about the location of the relevant facilities. "First aid station" "Hospital" "Gas station" "Car Maintenance" "Car wash" "Telephone" "Food station" "Drinking water" "Hotel or motel" "Camping" "Resting-place" "Road patrol post" "Police" "International road transport control point" "Reception area of ​​the radio station, transmitting traffic information" A section of road where radio station broadcasts are received at the frequency indicated on the sign. "Radio communication area with emergency services" A section of road on which a radio communication system with emergency services operates in the civilian 27 MHz band. "Pool or beach" "Toilet" Additional information signs (plates) Additional information signs (plates) clarify or limit the effect of the signs with which they are used. 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 "Distance to object" 8.1.1 - The distance from the sign to the beginning of the dangerous section is indicated, place of introduction of the relevant restriction or a specific object (place) located ahead in the direction of travel. 8.1.2 - Indicates the distance from sign 2.4 to the intersection in the case if just before the intersection the sign is set to 2.5. 8.1.3-8.1.4 - Indicates the distance to an object located to the side from the road. 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6 "Area" 8.2.1 - Indicates the length of the dangerous section of the road, marked with warning signs, or area of ​​prohibition and information and directional signs. 8.2.2 - indicates the coverage area of ​​prohibitory signs 3.27-3.30 8.2.3 - indicates the end of the coverage area of ​​signs 3.27-3.30 8.2.4 - informs drivers that they are in the zone actions of signs 3.27-3.30 8.2.5-8.2.6 - indicate the direction and coverage area of ​​signs 3.27-3.30 when stopping or parking along one road is prohibited the sides of the square, the facade of the building, and the like. 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 "Action Directions" Indicate the direction of action of signs installed in front of the intersection or directions of movement to designated objects, located directly next to the road. 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.4.6 8.4.7 8.4.8 "Vehicle type" Indicate the type of vehicle to which the sign applies. Table 8.4.1 applies the sign to trucks, including with a trailer, with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons, plate 8.4.3 - on passenger cars, as well as trucks with a permitted maximum weighing up to 3.5 tons, plate 8.4.8 - for vehicles equipped identification marks "Dangerous goods". 8.5.1 Indicates the days of the week during "Method of parking a vehicle" 8.6.1 - indicates that all vehicles must be parked on the roadway along the sidewalk 8.6.2-8.6.9 - indicate the method of stowing cars and motorcycles in a sidewalk parking lot. "Parking with the engine not running" Indicates that in a parking lot designated sign 5.15, parking allowed vehicles only with the engine not running. "Paid services" Indicates that services are provided cash only. "Stopping duration limitation" Specifies the maximum duration the vehicle is parked, indicated by sign 5.15. "Place for car inspection" Indicates that on the site designated sign 5.15 or 6.11, there is an overpass or inspection ditch. "Limitation of permitted maximum weight" Indicates that the sign applies only for vehicles with a permit maximum weight more than specified on the sign. "Dangerous Roadside" Warns that going to the side of the road is dangerous in connection with repairs carried out on it works Used with sign 1.23. "Main Road Direction" Indicates the direction of the main road at the crossroads. "Lane" Indicates the lane covered by the sign or a traffic light. "Blind Pedestrians" Indicates that a pedestrian crossing used by the blind. Applicable with signs 1.20, 5.16.1, 5.16.2 and traffic lights. "Wet coating" Indicates that the action of the sign extends over a period of time when the road surface is wet. "Disabled" Indicates that the effect of sign 5.15 applies only to motorized strollers identification marks "Disabled". "Except for disabled people" Indicates that the action of the signs does not apply to motorized strollers and cars on which they are installed identification marks "Disabled". "Dangerous goods class" Indicates the number of the class (classes) of dangerous goods according to GOST 19433-88. 8.20.1, 8.20.2 "Vehicle bogie type" Used with sign 3.12. Indicate the number of adjacent axles of the vehicle, for each of which the mass indicated on the sign is the maximum permissible. 8.21.1 - 8.21.3 "Type of route vehicle" Used with sign 6.4. They indicate where vehicles are parked at metro stations, bus (trolleybus) or tram stops, where transfer to the appropriate mode of transport is possible. 8.22.1 - 8.22.3 "Obstacle" They indicate the obstacle and the direction to avoid it. Used with signs 4.2.1 - 4.2.3. Plates are placed directly under the sign with which they are used. Plates 8.2.2 - 8.2.4, 8.13, when signs are located above the roadway, shoulder or sidewalk, are placed on the side of the sign. In cases where the meanings of temporary road signs (on a portable stand) and stationary signs contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the temporary signs. Note. Signs in accordance with GOST 10807-78 that are in use are valid until they are replaced in the prescribed manner with signs in accordance with GOST R 52290-2004. Horizontal marking Horizontal markings can be permanent or temporary. Permanent markings are white, except for lines 1.4, 1.10 and 1.17, yellow; temporary markings are orange. Horizontal markings (lines, arrows, inscriptions and other markings on the roadway) establish certain modes and order of movement. Horizontal markings can be permanent or temporary. Permanent markings are white, except for lines 1.4, 1.10 and 1.17 yellow, temporary markings are orange Horizontal markings: 1.1 <*>- separates traffic flows in opposite directions and marks the boundaries of traffic lanes in dangerous places on the roads; indicates the boundaries of the roadway to which entry is prohibited; marks the boundaries of vehicle parking spaces; <*>The marking numbering corresponds to GOST R 5125 6-99. 1.2.1 (solid line) - indicates the edge of the roadway; 1.2.2 (dashed line, the length of the strokes is 2 times shorter than the spaces between them) - indicates the edge of the roadway on two-lane roads; 1.3 - separates traffic flows in opposite directions on roads with four or more lanes; 1.4 - indicates places where stopping is prohibited. It is used alone or in combination with sign 3.27 and is applied at the edge of the roadway or along the top of the curb; 1.5 - separates traffic flows in opposite directions on roads with two or three lanes; indicates the boundaries of traffic lanes when there are two or more lanes intended for traffic in the same direction; 1.6 (approximation line - a broken line in which the length of the strokes is 3 times greater than the spaces between them) - warns of approaching markings 1.1 or 1.11, which separate traffic flows in opposite or similar directions; 1.7 (dashed line with short strokes and equal intervals) - indicates traffic lanes within the intersection; 1.8 (wide broken line) - marks the boundary between the acceleration or braking lane and the main lane of the roadway (at intersections, road crossings at different levels, in the area of ​​bus stops, etc.); 1.9 - indicates the boundaries of the traffic lanes on which reverse regulation is carried out; separates traffic flows of opposite directions (with reverse traffic lights turned off) on roads where reverse control is carried out; 1.10 - indicates places where parking is prohibited. It is used alone or in combination with sign 3.28 and is applied at the edge of the roadway or along the top of the curb; 1.11 - separates traffic flows of opposite or similar directions on road sections where changing lanes is allowed only from one lane; designates places intended for turning around, entering and exiting parking areas, and the like, where traffic is allowed only in one direction; 1.12 (stop line) - indicates the place where the driver must stop when there is a 2.5 sign or when there is a prohibiting traffic light signal (traffic controller); 1.13 - indicates the place where the driver must, if necessary, stop, giving way to vehicles moving along the road being crossed; 1.14.1, 1.14.2 (zebra)- denotes a pedestrian crossing; marking arrows 1.14.2 indicate the direction of movement of pedestrians; 1.15 - indicates the place where the bicycle path crosses the roadway; 1.16.1 - 1.16.3 - denotes guide islands in places where traffic flows separate or merge; 1.17 - indicates the stopping places of route vehicles and taxi ranks; 1.18 - indicates the lane directions allowed at the intersection. Used alone or in combination with signs 5.15.1, 5.15.2; markings with the image of a dead end are applied to indicate that turning onto the nearest roadway is prohibited; markings permitting a left turn from the leftmost lane also permit a U-turn; 1.19 - warns of approaching a narrowing of the roadway (a section where the number of lanes in a given direction is reduced) or marking lines 1.1 or 1.11 separating traffic flows in opposite directions. In the first case, marking 1.19 can be used in combination with signs 20.1 - 1.20.3; 1.20 - warns of approaching marking 1.13; 1.21 (sign "STOP") - warns of approaching marking 1.12 when it is used in combination with sign 2.5; 1.22 - indicates the road (route) number; 1.23 - designates a special lane for route vehicles; 1.24.1 - 1.24.3 - duplicates the corresponding road signs and is used in conjunction with them; 1.25 - denotes an artificial unevenness on the roadway. (paragraph introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2001 N 67) Lines 1.1, 1.2.1 and 1.3 are prohibited from crossing. Line 1.2.1 may be crossed to stop a vehicle on the side of the road and when leaving it in places where stopping or parking is permitted. Lines 1.2.2, 1.5 - 1.8 are allowed to be crossed from any side. Line 1.9 in the absence of reversible traffic lights or when they are turned off is allowed to be crossed if it is located to the right of the driver; when reversing traffic lights are on - on any side, if it separates lanes on which traffic is allowed in one direction. When the reversing traffic lights are turned off, the driver must immediately change lanes to the right beyond marking line 1.9. Line 1.9, separating traffic flows in opposite directions, is prohibited from crossing when the reversible traffic lights are turned off. Line 1.11 is allowed to be crossed from the broken side, as well as from the solid side, but only upon completion of overtaking or detour. In cases where the meanings of temporary road signs placed on a portable post and marking lines contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the signs. In cases where temporary marking lines and permanent marking lines contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the temporary marking lines. Vertical marking Vertical markings in the form of a combination of black and white stripes on road structures and elements of road equipment show their dimensions and serve as a means of visual orientation. Vertical layout: 2.1.1 - 2.1.3 - designate elements of road structures (bridge supports, overpasses, end parts of parapets, etc.), when these elements pose a danger to moving vehicles; 2.2 - designates the lower edge of the span of tunnels, bridges and overpasses; 2.3 - denotes round bollards installed on median strips or traffic islands; 2.4 - denotes guide posts, gouges, fence supports, etc.; 2.5 - designates the side surfaces of road fences on small radius curves, steep slopes, and other dangerous areas; 2.6 - designates the side surfaces of road fences in other areas; 2.7 - denotes curbs in dangerous areas and raised traffic islands. This edition of road signs may be outdated!

Some Pole liked my felt works, so I went to look at his photographs. I saw the clean, tidy roads of Poland and wiped away a stingy tear. Well, look for yourself:

October, Bialystok. There is no dirt or dirt on Polish roads. In rural areas, paths are laid along local roads for pedestrians. They are clean, smooth and without holes. Mystic huh? Even in the Moscow region we have a problem with paths for people; we are not talking about other regions at all.

Here you can see the road that runs in the suburbs. I really like this mesh to keep deer people from running across the road. These nets are vital on Moscow avenues. But for some reason I only met them in Krylatskoye (this is a special area, there are strictly their own rules for organizing life) and a little in the area of ​​Vernadsky Ave., a scanty patch.

I also like the high curb that physically separates different traffic flows. But in Moscow, on the contrary, they are trying to get rid of flow separators. Are we not implementing the plan for cemeteries? I understand that there are 7 billion of us on Earth, that we are multiplying very quickly. But it is better to increase people's education in the field of contraception than to increase their mortality in this way.

And pay attention to the bright markings. In Poland they skimp on night lighting of the tracks, but this is more than compensated for by excellent markings made with reflective paint. Visibility is excellent, the signs are cleaned and washed, and the reflectors on the bumpers are restored if lost. At night on the roads of Poland, white, red and blue colors help the driver, creating something between a disco and a runway.

This is what Polish roads look like at night.

This is a highway.
Perfectly smooth asphalt. Excellent bright markings. It is voluminous and makes noise when you cross it. Good for waking up a sleepy or distracted driver.

The quality of the reflective paint is clearly visible here. Again, evaluate the road surface.

This paint is visible very far.
Russia apparently has its own technology for creating roadside signs. Or the road services simply don’t clean or replace them.

Signs are clearly visible in the distance.
Let me remind you that this is a local rural road. Do you remember what the Russian federal highway "Kyiv" looks like, passing through the Pskov region? I hope you won't have any reason to collect potholes there. What about the local roads of the Tver province? They prefer to drive on the side of the road rather than on the asphalt.

In case of repairs, a whole battery of striped bollards are placed along the road. They are clearly visible from afar. In Russia, unfortunately, this cannot be found.

Would you like me to show you how road repairs are fenced off in Russia? Gorkovskoe highway, we are going towards Vladimir.
There are dirty red and gray plastic things along the highway. At night they are not visible at all. For example, such plastic crap without proper lighting was simply crushed and scattered by trucks along the Moscow-St. Petersburg highway. Imagine, it’s night, there are no markings on the road, there are no signs for repairs or detours, and then a kicked piece of crumpled plastic flies into your car.

Funny columns between streams of cars. The one who designed them and ordered their installation probably naively believes that the post will be able to stop a speeding car. No, the pillars are simply demolished. Drivers don't care.

Now look at how the problem of safely separating traffic flows in Germany has been solved. The highway is being repaired. Yellow markings are temporary. The flows have a speed of 60 km/h. A high metal barrier is installed between the streams.

And this is a Russian local road. From Polenovo (Tula region) we go onto the highway. The asphalt surface leaves much to be desired, there are no markings, no fog bollards, and the entire side of the road is covered in mud (trucks pick it up very well in the form of dust).

Tver province. Local road towards Kalyazin. Or rather, the direction. There was nothing left of the road except traces of asphalt.

Even trucks drive around on the side of the road.

Almost every modern driver has experience driving outside the boundaries of his “home” city. Obviously, in this case completely different rules of conduct on the road begin to apply. It’s not that separate traffic rules are used, but some sections of them have been adjusted in connection with high-speed travel conditions. In particular, every motorist knows that within the city limits it is allowed to drive at a speed of no higher than 60 km/h (and even then not in all areas), while outside it on the highway this limit rises to 90. In order to differentiate These two zones use a “Settlement” road sign, which secretly establishes speed limits for movement. Let’s try to understand further what they are like, where they are installed, the coverage area and legal aspects of their use.

Form and general provisions

If you refer to the current Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, the signs mentioned above can be found in the information and signage category. Their main purpose is to inform drivers, pedestrians and other road users about the location of nearby settlements and other infrastructure facilities. In addition, some of them are used to organize the direction of movement (for example, at intersections, on broadband roads) or its modes (setting priority speed).

A special feature of the signs “Beginning of a settlement” is a combination of informational and indicative qualities, which automatically classifies them as an independent group of special instructions. In the new edition of the traffic rules, information signs are divided into two categories - informational and special instructions. In this context, it turns out that they simultaneously perform two functions:

1. They inform the driver about the approach to a certain city or town along the direction of the vehicle’s movement or its end.
2. Separate speed limits are introduced on designated sections of the road.

The group includes three main signs, each of which is paired (one conventionally indicates the beginning of a settlement, and the second its end):

• the Settlement sign on a white background is numbered in the Traffic Rules as 5.23.1. On the surface of a white rectangular plate you can find the letter name of the city/village itself. It is duplicated by the sign “End of a populated area” (5.24.1), visually repeating the basic 5.23.1, but it has a red line that crosses out the name diagonally;

• sign “Image of a populated area” 5.23.2 and duplicate 5.24.2. It has the same white background and shape as the previous one, but instead of the name of a specific locality, it contains the contours and outlines of several buildings closely located to each other;

• the “Settlement” sign on a blue background (serial number in traffic rules 5.25) and its duplicate version (5.26), indicating the end of the special traffic regime coverage area, are in form and content a complete analogue of the first group. The main visual difference is that the sign is blue, and the outline border and name of the locality are white.

As for the sizes of these signs, they are fully regulated by the state standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 52290-2004. It standardizes, first of all, the height of the font used to display the name of the locality. It is selected from the approved range from 75 to 500 mm. This range of sizes is due to the fact that in both the old and new editions of the standard there is a gradation of sizes from small (I) to very large (IV). Accordingly, each of the standard sizes is used in suitable road conditions. For example, smaller letters are applicable within the city limits or on its border, while large ones are forced to be used in highway conditions, where it is necessary to assess the situation in advance.

In addition, during production, one should take into account the fact that the signs of the first and third groups belong to the category of individual design objects. This is due to the fact that each settlement has a different number of letters in its name, which forces us to make a sign of different lengths (with roughly the same height). At the same time, 5.23.2 and 5.24.2 do not belong to this category and their dimensions in height and length have the same ratio for all four categories.

Why are there so many signs?

Many people who are far from automotive affairs, and even drivers, often have a question: why use as many as six road signs to indicate the beginning and end of populated areas instead of two? The question, of course, is logical on the one hand, but in the legal field everything is not obvious. The fact is that the concept of a populated area from the point of view of the Traffic Rules and the same geography, that is, common sense and logic, which guides the majority of those asking, can be very different.

For example, in administrative-territorial terms, the boundaries of a city and a village are tied to geographic coordinates, a cadastral plan, etc. If we completely simplify this issue, then let’s say that the village ends where the border of the last house, fence or vegetable garden is.

At the same time, the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, as well as those of the rest of the world, tie city boundaries to main, regional, and local roads passing directly through or near a populated area. It is this last statement that becomes the reason that in practice as many as three groups of signs are used instead of one, but more on that later.

Signs on white background

Let's consider a situation when a car, moving in a given direction, approaches a city or village along a road that directly crosses it lengthwise from beginning to end, that is, formally crossing the city limits, the car ends up on a section of the road where, by definition, the Rules for the movement of motor vehicles begin to apply in populated areas.

This means the presence of intersections, traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc. along the route. Here, of course, you will have to deal with a lot of markings regulating traffic, but the main thing is why a road sign will be installed at the beginning of the city. Settlement on a white background - this is the current maximum maximum limit. speed at 60 km/h. The coverage area of ​​such a sign does not extend, as in most cases, to the section of the road up to the next intersection, but ends exactly where the duplicate sign is located (5.24.1).

Signs on a blue background

If the route passes near a populated area, conditionally not through the center, but away from the main area, then most often a blue sign for the populated area will be installed, and there is no point in limiting the speed from 90 (or 110 for highways) to 60 km/h. It can also be used if the road runs within a city or town. Then an indispensable condition for the operation of highway speed limits should be the presence of bump stops on the roadsides and in the central part separating the directions of vehicle movement. It should also be mentioned that, according to GOST R 52290-2004, if there is a need to install such a sign on a highway, then its background is changed from blue to green.

However, in 2013, a third pair of road signs on a white background were introduced, namely "Dense Development" (5.23.2) and "End Dense Development" (5.24.2). If the first of them is installed after the Settlement road sign on a blue background, then it automatically sets the speed limit to 60 km/h, as in city limits.

international experience

In addition to the fact that motorists have to travel the length and breadth of domestic roads, some of them have the opportunity or need to travel abroad in a personal or corporate car. And here a logical question arises - “are there signs for limiting speed limits in populated areas, like in Russia?” As an example, we can take the experience of the EU country closest to the former USSR - Poland.

According to Polish traffic regulations, only the second group, identical to our dense buildings, affects the speed limit. The first group (green background) simply designates a city or town located in the traffic zone, that is, it performs the same functions as our blue settlement sign.