The Volkswagen concern is known all over the world. This is truly the largest group of companies producing cars. The parent company (or, as they say, the parent company) is located in Wolfsburg and is called, as everyone knows, Volkswagen AG. Well, this concern has a very rich and long history and a lot of interesting facts. So it’s worth talking about it in more detail.
Porsche and Volkswagen
So, the headquarters of this concern is located in Germany, in Wolfsburg. The company was named “Volkswagen”, which translated from German means “people's car”. Today, about half of the shares belong to a holding company such as Porsche SE. But nevertheless, the Volkswagen concern owns all one hundred percent of the ordinary shares of the intermediate holding, which is called Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH. In general, in essence, “Porsche” is the car that Volkswagen produces. Today, company managers are negotiating to unite the companies into a single structure, which could be called VW-Porsche. It is also interesting that Martin Winterkorn (a fairly well-known personality in the automotive world) until September 2015 served as chairman of the board of both Volkswagen and Porsche.
But that is not all. Currently, the Volkswagen concern consists of 342 companies that produce cars and provide services related to this area. It is the largest car manufacturer in the world. And of course, the undisputed leader of the European car market. 25% of the cars that drive on the continent's roads are made by Volkswagen.
About history
The Volkswagen concern begins its history in 1937. The founder of the company is Ferinand Porsche. It was he who created the so-called Society for the Preparation of Volkswagen MBH. And in 1938 they began to build the first Volkswagen plant. Of course, it was in Wolfsburg. In addition to automobile manufacturing, the plant was engaged in another type of activity. Volkswagen AG then provided logistics and financial services. And besides this, he had a small food business.
In the 90s, the company began to experience major difficulties. Quite serious financial problems arose. But thanks to the enterprise of Ferdinand Piëch, everything worked out. Essentially, this man saved Volkswagen. The concern switched to a 4-day work week, began to follow an offensive policy and began to develop at an even faster pace. In the end, the company managed to acquire simply a huge number of popular brands.
Rolls-Royce and Suzuki
From 1998 to 2002, the Volkswagen automobile concern was engaged in the production of cars such as Rolls-Royce. All people know about these luxury models, even those who are not familiar with the auto world. This topic is quite interesting. A division of the Volkswagen Bentley group was engaged in the production of these cars under an agreement with another company, BMW. Why? But because the Munich company bought the rights to this brand from a concern like Vickers. And since 2003, only BMW has the right to produce and produce cars with the famous Rolls-Royce emblem.
In 2009, the Volkswagen Group stepped even further - it entered into an alliance with a company such as Suzuki. The companies exchanged stakes (German manufacturers got 20% of Suzuki shares) and announced the joint development of so-called environmental cars. But in 2011, the alliance collapsed, which was announced to the world.
Scandal 2015
In September of this year, 2015, a worldwide scandal broke out around Volkswagen. The concern was accused of the fact that the program that the developers used in the on-board computers they produced determined one important point. Namely, in what mode the machine operates - in normal or test mode. This program was introduced in cars with diesel power units. Including VW Jetta, Audi A3, Golf, Passat, Beetle. When testing began, the car automatically switched to an environmentally friendly operating mode. A very smart and well-thought-out system, I must say. However, this turned out to be a huge disaster and financial costs for the concern.
The Environmental Protection Agency said that for absolutely every car that does not meet US standards, the company will have to pay a fine of $37,500. It turns out to be a fabulous amount. After all, since 2008, the concern has sold 482,000 cars. And the total amount of fines could reach 18 billion! To date, half a million of its vehicles have been recalled from the United States. This is also a loss. Company Chairman Martin Winterkorn made a public apology after the incident and said that he would definitely support the investigation. By the way, the ministry is involved in this. After this, Martin resigned after more than a dozen years of working at Volkswagen.
Acquired companies before 2000
So, it’s worth talking in more detail about what is included in the Volkswagen concern. Naturally, its main part is the Volkswagen company, which produces passenger cars. The company is not registered as a “daughter” of the parent concern, but is a division directly subordinate to the management of VW AG.
In 1964, the Audi company was merged into this structure. It was purchased from Daimler-Benz. The next company after Audi was NSU Motorenwerke. It was bought in 1969. This brand has not been used as an independent brand for a long time - since 1977. Before that, the company produced motorcycles and cars.
They joined the Spanish brand Seat, which has existed since 1950. Volkswagen owns 99.99% of the company's shares. The most interesting models began to appear after Seat joined the German structure. For example, SEAT Bocanegra with a 180-horsepower engine, the design of which was worked on by Lamborghini specialists.
In 1991, the company acquired the Czech Škoda, and then regained Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. This company was once part of VW AG, but in 1995 it became an independent brand. Or rather, a division. “Bentley”, “Bugatti”, “Lamborghini” - these brands are known today all over the world. And these are concerns owned by Volkswagen since 1998. That year was a shock year for the company. After all, these cars are considered one of the most popular, well-known and actively purchased by people.
Acquired companies after 2000
The Volkswagen Group continued to acquire shares further. In 2009, he bought almost 71% of Scania AB shares. This production is engaged in the development and production of dump trucks, buses, trucks, tractor units and diesel engines. Another company, MAN AG, purchased in 2011, produces all of the above, as well as hybrid power units in addition. VW AG has a 55.9% stake in the company.
Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A and ItalDesign Giugiaro are two more manufacturers purchased by Volkswagen. The first of these companies is one of the leading manufacturers of premium motorcycles. And the second is a car design studio. It is interesting that 90% of the shares of this company were bought by the Lamborghini holding in 2010. So Volkswagen was already the owner of the studio, but after the paperwork was completed, it also became the official owner.
And one more interesting information. In 2013, VW AG acquired the Russian Aleko (it was under this TM that the famous cheap “Muscovites” were sold for some time). The right to use this brand and any emblems belongs to the German concern until 2021.
Financial questions
In March 1991, in order to optimize the organizational structure, the German concern decided to form an internal division that would deal with financial issues. It was called Volkswagen Finanz. In 1994 it became a closed joint stock company. This banking and financial structure receives full access to international financial markets, as well as the opportunity to provide financing on very favorable terms. This unit deals with important issues. For example, financing the development, production and purchase of machines for corporate and individual clients. It also provides banking, leasing and insurance services to these individuals. In general, it is a useful activity and, most importantly for the company, profitable.
About profit
And finally, a couple more interesting facts. In 2010, VW AG made a huge amount of money, amounting to 57.243 billion euros! But from all this, the net profit turned out to be only 1.55 billion. It seems small compared to the revenue. However, in reality it is a lot of money. After all, all expenses that go to almost 350 companies are taken into account. Therefore, the profit is really solid. Therefore, it is not surprising that Volkswagen is by far the largest, richest and most famous company.
To a person who is not particularly interested in cars, it may seem that there are a large number of independent automakers in the world. In fact, among automobile brands one can distinguish giant concerns and alliances, which include several automakers. So let's see who belongs to whom among the car brands.
ConcernVolkswagen
The parent company of the concern is VolkswagenA.G.. Volkswagen AG fully owns the intermediate holding Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, which owns the luxury car manufacturer PorscheA.G. Well, 50.73% of the shares of Volkswagen AG itself belong to the Porsche S.E. holding, whose owners are the Porsche and Piëch families - descendants of the company’s founder Ferdinand Porsche and his sister Louise Piëch. The Volkswagen Group also includes companies Audi(was purchased from Daimler-Benz), SEAT, Skoda, Bentley, Bugatti And Lamborghini. Plus truck and bus manufacturers MAN(Volkswagen owns 55.9% shares) and Scania (70,94%).
CompanyToyota
President of the Japanese company Toyota Motor Corp. is Akio Toyoda, grandson of the company founder. The Master Trust Bank of Japan owns 6.29% of the company's shares, Japan Trustee Services Bank 6.29%, Toyota Industries Corporation 5.81%, plus 9% in treasury shares. Among Japanese manufacturers, Toyota owns the largest number of brands: Lexus(the company was created by Toyota itself as a manufacturer of luxury cars), Subaru, Daihatsu , Scion(vehicles with youth design for sale in the USA) and Hino(produces trucks and buses).
CompanyHonda
Another Japanese automaker, Honda, owns only one brand, and that was created by Honda itself for the production of luxury cars - Acura.
ConcernPeugeotCitroen
Image with PSA Peugeot The concern is the second largest automaker in Europe after Volkswagen. The group's largest shareholders are the Peugeot family - 14% of shares, Chinese automaker DongFeng - 14% and the French government - 14%. As for the relationship of companies within the group, Peugeot SA owns 89.95% of Citroen shares.
AllianceRenault-Nissan
The Renault-Nissan Alliance was founded in 1999 and is a strategic partnership between companies in the field of mechanical engineering development. As for the owners of the companies, 15.01% of Renault shares belong to the French government and 15% to Nissan. Renault's share in Nissan, in turn, is 43.4%. Renault partially or fully controls the following brands: Dacia (99,43%), SamsungMotors (80,1%), AvtoVAZ(more than 50% shares).
Nissan controls only its division Infiniti, engaged in the production of prestigious cars, and the brand Datsun, which currently produces budget cars for sale in India, Indonesia, South Africa and Russia.
ConcernGeneralMotors
The American concern General Motors currently owns the following brands: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Daewoo, GMC, Holden, Opel And Vauxhall. In addition to this, GM's subsidiary, GM Auslandsprojekte GMBH, owns a 41.6% stake in the joint venture between GM and AvtoVAZ, GM-AvtoVAZ, which produces Chevrolet Niva cars.
Currently, the concern is controlled by the state (61% of shares). The remaining shareholders of the concern are the United Auto Workers Union of the United States (17.5%) and the Government of Canada (12%). The remaining 9.5% of the shares are owned by various large lenders.
CompanyFord
Ford is currently controlled by the Ford family, which owns 40% of the shares. William Ford Jr., the great-grandson of the legendary Henry Ford, serves as chairman of the company's board of directors. Before the 2008 crisis, Ford owned brands such as Jaguar, Lincoln, Land Rover, Volvo and Aston Martin, as well as a 33% stake in Japanese Mazda. Due to the crisis, all brands, with the exception of Lincoln, were sold, and the share of Mazda shares was reduced to 13% (and in 2010 - generally to 3%). Jaguar and Land Rover were bought by the Indian company Tata Motors, Volvo was bought by the Chinese Geely, Aston Martin was sold to a consortium of investors, essentially turning into an independent brand. As a result, Ford currently only owns the brand Lincoln, which produces luxury cars.
ConcernFiat
The Italian concern has collected in its collection such brands as AlfaRomeo, Ferrari, Maserati And Lancia. Plus, at the beginning of 2014, Fiat completely bought the American automaker Chrysler along with stamps Jeep, Dodge And Ram. The largest owners of the concern today are the Agnelli family (30.5% of shares) and Capital Research & Management (5.2%).
ConcernBMW
At the end of the 50s of the last century, the Bavarian concern BMW was at large losses. At this time, one of the shareholders of BMW, industrialist Herbert Quandt, bought a large stake in the company and actually saved it from bankruptcy and sale to its eternal competitor, Daimler. The Kvant family still owns 46.6% of the concern's shares. The remaining 53.3% of the company's shares are traded on the market. The concern owns such brands as Rolls-Royce And MINI.
ConcernDaimler
The main shareholders of the concern are the Arab investment fund Aabar Investments (9.1%), the government of Kuwait (7.2%) and the Emirate of Dubai (about 2%). Daimler produces cars under the brands Mercedes-Benz, Maybach And Smart. The concern also owns a 15% stake in the Russian truck manufacturer - the company " Kamaz».
ConcernHyundai
The largest automaker in South Korea, in addition to its own brand, also owns 38.67% of the brand's shares KIA(the company is part of the Hyundai Motor Group).
Independent automakers
Among the popular brands that are not part of any alliances and do not own other brands are three Japanese automakers - Mazda, Mitsubishi And Suzuki.
However, today's realities show that in the future it will be more and more difficult for independent automakers to survive. To sell your cars around the world, you need to have a solid “foundation”, which is provided either by partners or by a batch of several brands. Thirty years ago, legendary executive Lee Iacocca, who was once president of Ford and chairman of the board of Chrysler Corporation, suggested that by the beginning of the 21st century there would be only a small number of automakers left in the world.
In the very early days of the automobile industry, all automobile manufacturers were, of course, independent of each other. But . As a result, more successful car companies began to buy competing car brands. Subsequently, the world's largest conglomerates began to be created in the auto industry, which to this day are the largest auto companies in the world in terms of the number of products produced and, naturally, in sales. Let's take a look at the current state of the global auto business. We invite you to find out which famous and popular ones are currently under the control of large corporations and auto alliances.
Abarth - Owned by Fiat/Chrysler
Abarth was founded in 1949. Initially, the auto brand was engaged in the production of racing cars and the production of auto components for high-performance vehicles. In 1971, company founder Carlo Abat sold his brand to the company. Abarth is currently producing more powerful versions based on Fiat cars.
Alfa Romeo - Owned by Fiat/Chrysler
Currently, the Audi brand is the largest part of the world's largest automaker, Volkswagen.
Bentley - Owned by Volkswagen
Ferrari - Owned by Fiat
In 1969, Fiat acquired a 50% stake in Ferrari after Ford's planned takeover of the Italian luxury brand failed. Fiat eventually increased its shareholding to 90%. In 2014, Fiat Chrysler decided to separate the brand from the main group. As a result, the deal was completed in 2016, and the Agnelli family, who founded the Fiat company, became Ferrari's largest shareholder.
Infiniti - Owned by Nissan
Lamborghini - owned by Volkswagen
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Lamborghini was owned by Chrysler. Currently part of the Volkswagen Group. Lamborghini became part of this company in 1998, when the brand came under the control of.
Land Rover - Owned by TATA
Over the long history of the auto industry, Land Rover has owned many well-known automobile brands, ranging from and ending with the American company Ford. But in 2008, the Land Rover brand, together with Jaguar, came under the control of the Indian industrial giant Tata. Immediately after the takeover, the two independent brands and Jaguar were merged into one company.
Lexus - Owned by Toyota
Lexus is wholly owned by Toyota. The brand is the luxury division of the Japanese company. Like Acura, Infiniti, which are owned by and respectively, the Lexus brand was brought into the market to tap into the premium car market in the US as well as the UK.
Lotus - Owned by Proton
Malaysian automaker Proton bought the company in 1993 from Italian businessman Romano Artioli (who owned Bugatti at the time). Today, the Lotus brand is still owned by Proton. The strangest thing is that Lotus cars are still produced and sold all over the world (mainly in England), while cars under the Proton brand have been discontinued.
Maserati - Owned by Fiat-Chrysler
Maserati has been a 100% subsidiary of Fiat since 1993. Today it belongs to the Fiat-Chrysler automaker.
Mercedes - Owned by Daimler
Mercedes-Benz is the largest and most famous automobile brand within the Daimler corporation. Daimler also owns several commercial vehicle manufacturers.
MG - Owned by Saic
MG is owned by a Chinese company after MG Rover went bankrupt in 2005. Initially, the MG brand was bought by the Chinese company Nanjing Automobile, but then it was bought by the Shanghai company SAIC.
Mini - Owned by BMW
In 2000, BMW sold its brands MG, Rover and Land Rover, which were part of the Rover Group. But with the sale, BMW retained control of Mini. As a result, today BMW, in addition to Rolls-Royce, retains control over the brand.
Mitsubishi - Owned by Nissan-Renault
Mitsubishi Motors is the automotive division of the Mitsubishi Group, which, in addition to auto production, is involved in projects in nuclear energy, banking and many other areas of business. In October 2016, Nissan became the company's largest shareholder, purchasing a 34% stake. This is how Mitsubishi became part of the Renault-Nissan auto alliance.
Nissan - Owned by the Renault-Nissan auto alliance
After several years of financial difficulties, Nissan entered into an alliance with Renault in 1993. Technically, these two companies are separate. But the technologies and work methods in car production are the same. The auto alliance also has a single CEO, Carlos Ghosn. Nissan has a smaller stake in Renault, while Renault has a larger stake in Nissan, which is essentially a junior partner.
Porsche - Owned by Volkswagen
The car manufacturer is a subsidiary of Volkswagen.
Renault - Owned by the Renault-Nissan Alliance
Renault was once owned by the French government. In 1996 the company was privatized. But today France still has a stake in Renault. Today, Renault is part of the world's largest car alliance, Renault-Nissan, which recently also included Mitsubishi.
Rolls-Royce - Owned by BMW
Rolls-Royce Motors was purchased by Volkswagen in 1998. Five years later the company was taken over by BMW.
Seat - Owned by Volkswagen
Since 1986 it is the single largest car manufacturer in Spain. Since this year, the company has been part of Volkswagen.
Skoda - Owned by Volkswagen
Volkswagen began buying shares in Skoda in 1991, during a period of great change in the former Czechoslovakia. Since 2000, Skoda has been fully owned by the VW Group.
Smart - Owned by Daimler
The idea of a radical city car was originally first proposed by the owner of the watch manufacturer Swatch. Smart is now wholly owned by Daimler.
SsangYong - Owned by Mahindra & Mahindra
Although SsangYong is still based in South Korea, currently the main owner of the Korean auto brand is the Indian company Mahindra & Mahindra, which acquired a 70% stake in the Korean company in 2011.
Subaru - Owned by Fuji
Subaru is owned by Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI), which will soon change its name to Subaru Corporation. FHI is comprised of six independent automotive companies. The company's major shareholders are Toyota and Suzuki. Suzuki has a large share.
Vauxhall/Opel - Owned by PSA (Citroen-Peugeot)
Vauxhall cars / despite the fact that they were positioned as British and German car brands, in fact, for a long time they were part of the world's largest automaker, General Motors. General Motors has owned the Vauxhall/Opel brands since 1925. In March 2017, it was announced that the Vauxhall/Opel brands would be transferred to the ownership of the Citroen-Peugeot Auto Alliance (PSA).
Volvo - Owned by Geely
After being a completely independent Swedish car brand for more than 70 years, Volvo became part of Ford in 2000, which sold the Swedish brand to the Chinese company Geely 9 years later.
Lada AvtoVAZ - Owned by the Renault-Nissan alliance and Rostec
In 2008, Renault received a controlling stake in the AvtoVAZ automobile plant.
GAZ - Owned by the company "Bazovy element", Oleg Deripaska
In 2000, a controlling stake in GAZ OJSC was acquired by Oleg Deripaska's Basic Element company. In 2001, the Gorky Automobile Plant became part of the RusPromAvto auto holding.
In the post-war years, when the factories of the automaker were under the control of the British administration, Henry Ford could have become the owner of the company, but the deal did not take place - the Americans considered that the company “wasn’t worth a penny”, and their “people’s” car “Beetle” was absolutely inappropriate technical parameters that must be met for passenger cars. In subsequent years, VW showed how deeply wrong the overseas automobile gurus were.
In the early 50s, the automaker produced about 65% of all cars in Germany, which provided the company with a turnover of $1.4 billion. The golden years were the 70s, when the company created two legendary models at once - the Passat and the Golf, where the latter became the founder of an entire class of cars.
The VW Group includes brands such as Volkswagen, Skoda, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Audi, Seat, Bentley, as well as companies producing Scania and MAN trucks.
Where are VW cars assembled?
Initially, the production of “people’s” cars was carried out directly in Germany, but as the brand developed, factories began to appear on other continents, in particular in South and North America, as well as in Africa. The pioneer was the company's plant, built in the city of San Bernard, in Brazil, where they produced the legendary Beetle for more than 15 years, and now one of the main offices responsible for the design of future cars of the brand is located there.
Currently, Volkswagen automobile factories are located in 12 large countries, including: Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Russia, Poland, Belgium, Spain, the Czech Republic and a number of other countries. The company's revenue over the past few years has far exceeded the 60 billion euro mark, which allows the automaker to be called the largest automaker in the world.
The company's lineup consists of the following models:
Where is Volkswagen Golf assembled?
VW Golf is the founder of golf-class cars, the latest generation of which is currently produced in Germany, in the city of Wolfsburg. At the same time, most of the cars of the previous generation were produced in Russia and Brazil.
Where are Volkswagen Passats assembled?
VW Passat is a full-size sedan, a representative of the D-class. The assembly of cars of this model is now established at factories in the cities of Kaluga (Russia), Emden and Mosel (Germany), Luanda (Angola), Solomonovo (Ukraine), as well as Changchun (China).
Where are Volkswagen Beetles assembled?
The VW Beetle is the company’s iconic car, which is now produced in Mexico.
Where are Volkswagen Polos assembled?
VW Polo is presented in two modifications - “hatchback” and “sedan”, the first is produced in Spain, Poland and Germany, and the second - mainly in Russia.
Where are Volkswagen Touaregs assembled?
VW Touareg is a full-fledged SUV, the production of which is now established in the cities of Bratislava (Slovakia) and Kaluga (Russia). The car concept is the basis for the luxury SUV Porsche Cayenne.
Where are Volkswagen Transporters assembled?
The VW Transporter is no less legendary than the Beatle model, a car that can become an excellent commercial and family car. The model is currently produced in the cities of Hannover (Germany), Poznan (Poland) and Kaluga (Russia).
Where are Volkswagen Amaroks assembled?
VW Amarok is a modern car of the company, belonging to the class of pickup trucks. The model is produced in Hanover, as well as in the city of Pacheco, located in Argentina.
Where are Volkswagen Jettas assembled?
VW Jetta is another popular model of the company, combining the spaciousness of a sedan and the charge of a hatchback. Cars designed for the European and American markets are produced in Mexico, but Russians are offered models produced in Russia at a plant in Kaluga.
Where are Volkswagen Caddys assembled?
The VW Caddy is an excellent commercial vehicle that is actively purchased by large companies, as well as small entrepreneurs. The model is assembled in Germany, as well as in Russia, while in the first case the cars are supplied to the European, and in the second - to the Russian and Eastern markets.
The VW company is famous for its attitude to the quality of the cars it produces, therefore, regardless of the country and city in which this or that company model is produced, it certainly meets strict corporate standards. This is achieved through the use of modern equipment, as well as strict quality control at all stages of assembly.
In this article we have systematized the information so that you can easily find out what it isVAG (VAG) and what is included in its structure, as well as what brands of cars are part of the concern VAG. We made brief conclusions on the formation and functioning VAG on January 3, 2019.
In the automotive world, it is customary to use various abbreviations that not every person can decipher the first time. After all, most of these abbreviations apply to automobile companies and concerns.
VAG has remained one of the most common and well-known abbreviations for several years. The opinions of ordinary people on the issue of deciphering it were divided. Many believe that this is simply a shortened version of VOLKSWAGEN, while another part claims that VAG includes all German cars, including Mercedes and BMW.
Let's try to figure out how things really are.
What does VAG stand for?
Previously, the abbreviation VAG stood for Volkswagen Audi Group, but currently it is Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (Volkswagen AG). The second word in the name means “joint stock company.”
At the moment there is one official German company name - Volkswagen Konzern, which translates as “Volkswagen Concern”, and in English-language sources is the Volkswagen Group (Volkswagen group of companies). The group's headquarters are located in Wolfsburg, Germany.
What car brands are part of the VAG group?
Today, the VAG concern includes 12 separate car brands: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, Seat, Skoda, Volkswagen, MAN, Scania, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Ducati.
At the end of summer 2009 Porsche SE and the Volkswagen Group have reached an agreement under which Volkswagen and Porsche AG have decided to merge by 2011.
By this time, about 50% of VAG shares belonged to the PORSCHE holding. In turn, VAG owns 100% of the shares of the intermediate holding Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, which has the right to produce PORSCHE AG cars.
The Volkswagen group includes the following car brands:
- Audi is the last automobile brand of the Auto Union group, acquired from Daimler-Benz in 1964.
- NSU Motorenwerke- was purchased in 1969 and became part of the Audi Division. Not used as an independent brand since 1977.
- Seat- a controlling stake in the company (53%) was acquired from the state in 1986. Since 1990 The brand is practically the property of the Volkswagen Group, which owns 99.99% of the company's shares.
- Skoda- purchased in 1991
- Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge) - was part of Volkswagen AG, but in 1995, thanks to Bernd Weidemann, the previous chairman of the board of the group, it became an independent division within the Volkswagen Group. The division is engaged in the production of minibuses, buses and tractors.
- Bentley- (1998) purchased from the British concern Vickers together with Rolls-Royce, but cannot independently produce cars under this brand, since the brand itself was sold to BMW.
- Bugatti- (1998)
- Lamborghini - (1998)
- Porsche
The concern includes 342 companies engaged in the production of cars, motorcycles, special equipment, engines, etc.
The Volkswagen Group owns 48 automobile manufacturing plants in 15 European countries and six countries in America, Asia and Africa. The group's enterprises employ more than 370 thousand people, produce more than 26,600 cars daily, and authorized car sales and service are carried out in more than 150 countries.
Thus, the concernVAG was created with the aim of absorbing smaller car brands into larger car giants. In our opinion, this was done for the following reasons:
- Create imaginary competition among automobile manufacturers;
- Dictate your price terms on the European automobile market.
