Teams	Commands	Helmsman's response	Helmsman actions	Helmsman's report
Helmsman on the steering wheel!	A hand to the helm!	There are on the steering wheel!	The helmsman takes his place at the helm.
Change the wheel!	Shift the helm!	Have to shift the steering wheel!	The helmsman shifts the rudder from side to side, checking the operation of the steering machine.	Steering wheel shifted - works properly! The steering wheel does not shift!
Right (left) steering!	Starboard (port) the helm!	There is a right (left) steering wheel!	The steering wheel is placed 15 about in the indicated direction.	Steering wheel right (left) ... degrees! Rudder right (left) on board! The ship does not listen to the rudder! The steering wheel does not shift! The ship went to the right (left)! Rumba... degrees!
Right (left) ... degrees!	Starboard (port) … !	There is a right (left) ... degrees!	The steering wheel is placed the specified number of degrees to the right (left).
More left (right)!	More port (starboard)!	There are more left (right)!	The helmsman shifts the rudder 10 degrees more.
Right (left) little by little!	Starboard (port) easy!	Eat right (left) little by little!	The steering wheel is placed 5 o in the indicated direction.
Right (left) aboard!	Hard a starboard (port)!	There is a right (left) on board!	The steering wheel is placed 30 degrees in the indicated direction.
Easier!	Easy!	Eat easier!	The steering wheel is placed 5 about less.
Obsess!	Meet the helm!	There are to gain!	The rudder is placed 10 o in the direction opposite to the circulation of the vessel.
Take it away!	Easy the helm!	There are take away!	The rudder is gradually retracted into the diametrical plane of the vessel.	Steering wheel straight!
Straight wheel!	midships!	There is a steering wheel!	The rudder is brought into the diametrical plane of the vessel.
How is the steering wheel?			The helmsman notices the position of the rudder and reports back.	Steering wheel right (left) ... degrees!
On the rumba?	What is the course?		The helmsman notices the course on the compass and reports.	Rumba... degrees!
Course ... degrees!	Steer the course … !	There is a course of degrees!	The helmsman leads the ship to a given course, reports every 10 o, and the last 10 o - after 1 o.
Keep it up!	Steady (so)!	There is keep it up!	The helmsman notices the course at the moment the command is given or the direction to the coastal object and holds it.
Do not yawn on the steering wheel!	Mind the helm!	There are on the steering wheel do not yawn!	The helmsman carefully monitors the course.
Left (right) do not go!	Nothing to port (starboard)!	There is a right (left) not to go!	The helmsman carefully monitors the course, avoiding deviations in the indicated direction.
Steering wheel more … oh no shifting!		There is a steering wheel more ... oh no shifting!	The helmsman carefully monitors the position of the steering wheel, without shifting the steering wheel more than the specified one.
Right (left) ... oh by compass!		There is a right (left) ... about the compass!	The helmsman deflects the vessel from the course by the specified number of degrees, in the specified direction.	On the rumba ... about degrees!
Follow the wake of the tugboat!	Follow the tug!	There is to follow in the wake of the tug!	The helmsman closely monitors the movement of the tug and follows it in the wake.

22. Breakdown of the lot.

Manual lot - is used to determine the depth under the keel of the vessel up to 50 m. Measurements are made only when the vessel is completely stopped. Line is made from vegetable or synthetic materials. One end of the line is attached to the turntable on which it is wound, and the other to the recess. The recess is made of lead. Weight 5 kg, a recess is made at the base of the deepener, melted lard or fat is rammed there before measurement, after measurement soil sticks to the bottom, which determines which soil is under the vessel. Every tens of meters are broken with rag inserts into the line: red - 10 m, blue - 20 m, white - 30 m, yellow - 40 m, white-red - 50 m.

Time service.

The third mate organizes and manages the ship's time service and is directly responsible for the safety and correct operation of chronometers, deck, marine clocks and stopwatches.

The third mate is entrusted with control over the operation of the electronic timekeeping system, as well as supervising the checking of marine clocks in the service premises of the vessel. Marine clocks in the living quarters of the vessel are in charge of the crew members.

The ship time service provides:

Watch and crew at the same exact time;

Regular reception of radio signals of the exact time to determine the corrections and daily rate of chronometers and deck clocks, check the clock and the electronic system of the exact time;

Keeping a log of chronometer corrections;

Checking all marine clocks;

Timely delivery of chronometers, deck and marine clocks to the ERC for cleaning, repair and inspection.

When the ship moves from one time zone to another, at the direction of the master, his third officer must set the clock forward when the ship moves eastward or backward when the ship moves westward.

When crossing the international date line at the nearest midnight, the date changes: if the ship is heading east, then the previous date is repeated; if the ship is heading west, one day is skipped.

straight handlebar	Midships	Bring the steering wheel to the diametrical plane
Steering wheel left/right 5 degrees	Port/starboard five	Turn steering wheel 5 degrees left/right
Steering wheel left/right 10 degrees	port/starboard ten	Turn steering wheel 10 degrees left/right
Steering wheel left/right 15 degrees	Port/starboard fifteen	Turn steering wheel 15 degrees left/right
Steering wheel left/right 20 degrees	Port/starboard twenty	Turn steering wheel 20 degrees left/right
Steering wheel left/right 25 degrees	Port/starboard twenty-five	Turn steering wheel 25 degrees left/right
Rudder left/right side!	Hard a port/starboard	Steering wheel left / right on board to the limit
Steering wheel left/right!	Half a port/starboard	Turn the steering wheel left / right about 15 degrees
Left/right don't go!	Northing to port/starboard	Keep the vessel on a given course so that when yawing, the ship's course does not go to the left / right of the given course
Obsess!	Steady! Meet the helm! Meet her!	Reduce the rudder angle to a minimum and even, if necessary, shift to the other side. This is done to reduce the angular rate of turn of the vessel, so that at the moment it enters the new course line, it can be stopped on this line.
Keep it up!	Steady as she goes! Straight so!	This command is given at the moment when the ship enters the line of the new course. The helmsman notices the course with an accuracy of 1 ° on the compass card, then, shifting the rudder so as to stop the vessel from further turning, brings it to this course
Little by little left/right!	Easy to port/starboard! Port/starboard handsomely!	Move steering wheel left/right about 5-10 degrees
Keep on track!	Keep alignment in sight!	Maintain the course of the vessel on the leading line
Follow the boat!	Follow the launch!	Keep the ship's heading in the wake of the boat
Follow the tugboat!	Follow the tug!	Keep the ship's heading in the wake of the tug
Head to the lighthouse!	Steer to the lighthouse!	The helmsman detects the course to the lighthouse and keeps visually on the lighthouse, controlling the course using the compass
Pull up to 5 degrees!	Ease to five!	Move steering wheel to position 5°
Hold buoy/landmark/sign...left/right!	Keep the buoy/mark/beacon ... on port/starboard side	Keep the course of the vessel so that the buoy is left on the port / starboard side
Lie down on course 1	Steer the course!	Move the rudder to the left / right side, through which you can quickly lie down on the indicated course. Make sure that the ship does not accelerate during the turn, and at the moment of entering a new course, hold the ship.
Right wheel! Get on course... (125)	Starboard! One, two, five	The rudder is shifted to starboard at an angle depending on the magnitude of the course change. When entering a given course - the vessel is delayed (125 °)
Left hand drive! Lie down at 305°!	Port, steer three zero five (305)	See previous
Be careful on the steering wheel!	Ming the helm!	The helmsman must be more careful when executing commands
How does the ship obey the helm?	What (how) does she answer the helm?	Report how the ship reacts to the rudder shift
Report if the ship does not obey the helm!	Report if she doesn't answer the wheel!	If the ship stops responding to the rudder, report loudly
Move away from the steering wheel, you no longer need to steer!	Finished with wheel, no more steering!	With the permission of the watch officer, you can move away from the helm

Watch at the gangway

During the ship's mooring at the berth, the sailor on duty must always be at the gangway. Duties of the sailor on duty:

Must be dressed according to the established uniform and have an armband or badge;

He must make sure that there is a life buoy with a line and a life net fixed under the ladder at the top of the ladder. If the ladder cannot be laid on the pier, then a gangway is fed from the lower platform, and it is necessary to check the reliability of its fastening. At sub-zero temperatures and the presence of precipitation, the ladder must be freed from snow and ice and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand; it is strictly forbidden to leave your post and be distracted by the performance of any work or assignments without the permission of the watch officer. In case of urgent need to leave the ladder, the sailor on duty must call the officer on duty and ask him for permission to do so. The call of the assistant is carried out by two calls or by radio station. During the absence of the sailor on duty, either the assistant himself remains at the gangway, or he entrusts this post to another sailor;

Must be aware of the personal composition of the daily watch for all major services. In addition, it is important to always be aware of exactly which of the officers is absent and who is currently on board. To do this, a “Watch Service Board” is installed at the gangway. The sailor on duty is obliged to note the presence of officers on board the vessel;

During the entire watch, the sailor observes the environment on the ship and near the ship, in the area of ​​the post. On all cases that may affect the safety of the ship and people or adversely affect the general course of its production activities, the sailor on watch immediately reports to the watch officer and then acts on his instructions;

When taking things or any objects out of the ship, the watchman at the gangway checks with their owner a properly issued pass. In the absence of such, it detains a person and calls an officer on duty;

When the captain leaves the board and returns to the ship, three calls are given. At this signal, the watch officer immediately goes to the gangway;

The sailor on duty at the ladder does not have the right to let unauthorized persons on board without the permission of the assistant. Having stopped a person who has boarded at the gangway, the sailor on duty calls an assistant who checks the documents of the arrival and finds out from him the purpose of visiting the ship.

The identity document of the arrival is kept by the assistant or the sailor on duty and is returned to the owner when leaving the ship. The watch officer is obliged to accompany the arrival from the gangway to the cabin where the visitor is heading. The return escort to the gangway is carried out by the one who received the visitor, or an assistant. If no one accompanied an unauthorized person when leaving the vessel, then the sailor on duty is obliged to report this to the assistant;

The change of sailors on duty at the gangway is carried out only in the presence of an officer on duty. The interceding sailor must be familiar with all the orders concerning him on the watch.

In the event of a fire on the ship or near it, as well as in other emergency or other emergencies, the sailor on duty immediately announces the alarm on the ship, using loud ringing bells, the ship's bell and other means. He must know how to call the shore fire brigades and the location of the water pumps closest to the vessel on the shore.

In case of alarm, the sailor on duty at the gangway remains at his post, not allowing unauthorized persons to board the ship. He can leave the post only at the direction of the captain, chief officer or watch officer.

FUNCTION: "NAVIGATION AT AUXILIARY LEVEL"

Competence: "Steering the wheel and following the commands given to the steering wheel, including commands given in English"

What heading instruments are on board?

In navigation, the following heading indicators are used: magnetic and gyroscopic compasses, gyroazimuths, as well as integrated heading systems.

What is the device of a magnetic compass?

A marine magnetic compass, as a rule, consists of a card, a bowler filled with compass liquid, a direction finder, a binnacle

How are magnetic compasses divided by purpose on a ship?

According to their purpose, marine magnetic compasses are divided into main and travel compasses. The main magnetic compass, as the name itself suggests, is the most important navigational instrument, which is usually installed on the upper bridge in the center plane of the vessel at a possible distance from the ship's iron, which ensures optimal compass operation. Using the main compass, the navigator assigns a given course, checks the readings of the directional compass and gyrocompass, takes bearings of coastal objects to determine the location. The steering magnetic compass serves as a course indicator and is usually installed in the wheelhouse in front of the helmsman. 4. What is the principle of operation of a gyrocompass?

A gyrocompass is essentially a gyroscope, that is, a rotating wheel (rotor) mounted in a gimbal suspension, which provides the rotor axis with free orientation in space. Suppose the rotor began to rotate around its axis, the direction of which is different from the earth's axis. By virtue of the law of conservation of angular momentum, the rotor will maintain its orientation in space. Since the Earth rotates, an observer who is stationary relative to the Earth sees that the gyroscope axis makes a revolution in 24 hours. Such a rotating gyroscope is not in itself a navigation aid. For the occurrence of precession, the rotor is held in the horizon plane, for example, by means of a weight holding the rotor axis in a horizontal position with respect to the earth's surface. In this case, gravity will create a torque, and the rotor axis will turn to true north. Since the weight keeps the rotor axis horizontal with respect to the earth's surface, the axis can never coincide with the earth's axis of rotation (except at the equator)

Commands given to the steering wheel and their execution, including commands given in English

The following main rudder commands have been adopted: The command "Right (left) on board" means that the rudder must be placed to the specified limit in the indicated direction. The command is given taking into account the rapid shifting of the rudder. At the command “Right (left) rudder”, the helmsman is obliged to shift the rudder to the specified number of degrees (for a given ship) in the indicated direction and report: “Rule right (left) so much”. During the turn, the helmsman reports new heading values ​​every 10°. This command is given when performing normal turns to a new course and joint maneuvering with ships of the same type. When making a turn with a larger or smaller than usual diameter of circulation, the command "So many degrees to the right (left) of the steering wheel" is given. The "Retract" command is given when the ship approaches the assigned course (usually 10-15°). At this command, the rudder is retracted to the DP of the ship, after which the helmsman reports: "The rudder is straight." Similar actions are performed on the command "Direct wheel". The command is given if necessary to interrupt the execution of the turn. After the commands “Retract” and “Direct rudder”, the helmsman reports the course every 3 °. The “Hold” command is given when 3-5 ° are left before the assigned new course. At this command, the steering wheel is shifted a small number of degrees to the side opposite to the circulation. The helmsman reports the compass heading every degree. The command “Keep it up” means that the helmsman must notice by compass with an accuracy of a degree the course on which the ship was lying at the time the command was given, or the direction along the coastal landmark and keep the ship on this course, reporting: “There, keep it up, on the rumba so many degrees. The command-request "On the rumba" means that the helmsman must notice the compass course and report: "There are so many degrees on the rumba." The command “So many degrees to the right (left) according to the compass” means that the helmsman must change course by the specified number of degrees, and then report: “There are so many degrees on the rhumb”. The command is given in cases when it is necessary to change the course of the ship by no more than 15-25 °. Man on the wheel! A hand to the helm! Right! Starboard! Left! port! Right hand drive! Starboard the helm! Left hand drive! Port the helm! More right! Morestarboard! More left! moreport! Right on board! Hard-a-starboard! All starboard! portboard! Hard-a-port! All ports! Easier, take it! Ease the helm! Easy right! Ease to starboard! Easy! Ease to port! Straight wheel! MidshipsHold! Meet her Keep it up! Steady! (steady so!); Steady as she goes! Right walk! Nothing to Starboard! Don't walk to the left! Nothing to port! Editon the course! Steer the course Starboard ten (twenty)! Rudder left ten (twenty)! Portten (twenty)! Move the steering wheel up to 5 degrees! Easetofive! Right steering wheel, keep 82 degrees! Starboard, steerzeroeighttwo Left hand drive, heading 182! Port, steer one eight two! LHD, keep 305! Port, steer three zero five! Hold on, sign! Steer on buoy, on beacon! Follow the wake of the icebreaker Follow Icebreaker! Be careful on the steering wheel! watchyousteering!

Exist., m., use. comp. often Morphology: (no) what? steering wheel for what? steering wheel, (see) what? steering wheel what? driving, what? about the steering wheel; pl. what? steering wheels, (no) what? rudder, why? steering wheels, (see) what? rudders than? rudders, about what? about rudders 1. A rudder is a device for ... ... Dictionary of Dmitriev

"WHEEL ON BOARD"- (Helm hard over, hard a starboard, hard a port) an order to the helmsman to put the steering wheel to the right or left (depending on the command given) to failure. Samoilov K.I. Marine Dictionary. M. L .: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, ... ... Marine Dictionary

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Books

• Textbook in questions and answers for a sailor of the 1st and 2nd class, Balanchuk A. (comp.). Contains a varied list of questions and answers in Russian, covering the area of ​​competence of sailors of the 1st and 2nd classes. Applications in English: "Steering wheel commands", "Commands ...

The helmsman must know well the system for switching from automatic control to manual or backup (Fig. 2.2). Before taking the watch at the rudder, the sailor must obtain permission from the watch officer: “Let me take the helm!”.

Having received confirmation: “Become!”, The shift officer reports to the officer on duty: “The course on the gyro (Fig. 2.3) and magnetic (Fig. 2.4) compass ... passed degrees!”, And the sailor who became at the helm repeats the same report with the word “accepted ". The one who took the watch additionally inquires about how the ship obeys the helm and in which direction it roams more.

It is not allowed to change the watch on the rudder immediately before the change and at the time of the course change. It is also impossible to change the helmsmen when diverging from ships and overtaking them. In those cases when the ship follows automatic control, the sailors handing over and taking over the watch transmit the autopilot heading, checking whether it is correctly installed on the device, as well as the heading on the magnetic compass. The set course must be set on a special board, which is located in front of the steering post.

During the watch on the rudder, the sailor is obliged to accurately keep the ship on a given course, periodically comparing the readings of the gyro and magnetic compasses. He must carefully monitor the correct operation of the course indicators and steering gear. Any observed deviations in the operation of the compasses, such as, for example, stagnation of the card, a sudden change in course, deterioration in the illumination of the course indicators, as well as a faulty operation of the steering gear, the sailor on duty must immediately report to the officer on duty.
The helmsman on watch needs to have a clear understanding of his actions on all commands to the helmsman received during maneuvering, especially when a specific rudder angle or heading is not indicated to him. So, for example, at the command “Retract!”, Which is usually given after the command “Right (left) on board!”, Means that it is necessary to reduce the speed of the vessel’s turn, i.e., reduce the rudder angle. When changing course, the helmsman should avoid sudden and excessively large rudder shifts. During the turn, it is necessary to carefully monitor the change in the angular speed of the vessel, adjusting it by shifting the rudder so that by the time the vessel enters the new course, it can be delayed in time.

In all cases, when the rudder angle value is set by the assistant’s command, for example, “Ten degrees right rudder!” or “To port aboard”, etc., the sailor on duty does not have the right to arbitrarily change the position of the rudder without a subsequent command from the same or senior commander. If the helmsman, critically evaluating the specific situation, decides that the navigator, apparently, forgot to give a new command, then in this case he should loudly recall the position of the rudder one or more times in a row, for example: “Rudder to port on board”, or draw the attention of the captain or his assistant on how the ship behaves, for example: “The ship is quickly rolling to the left!” or “The ship is not sailing to port!” etc.
The helmsman on watch must have basic knowledge of the rules for navigating a ship under various sailing conditions:
- guiding the vessel along the alignments, steer it so that both signs (day) or both lights (night) are constantly in the alignment, along the bow of the vessel, and at the time of arrival at the alignment, be sure to notice the course and report it to the officer on duty;
- while guiding the vessel along the fairway, furnished with signs of a floating fence, the helmsman makes sure that the ship leaves these signs at a distance that excludes the possibility of bulking up on them, especially in the places of turns;
- when sailing in the water area adjacent directly to the coast, navigate the vessel (unless otherwise indicated) along the coastal landmarks, choosing for this at the time of the command "Keep it up!" some most noticeable and rather distant object, projected on the horizon in the diametrical plane of the ship, and at the same time noticing the compass course, which is to be reported to the navigator or captain;
- when following with a tug, in every possible way avoid sharp turns; making them gradually and smoothly, even in those cases when, for some reason, the ship has significantly roared to the side and it needs to be brought on course;
- when following in tow, keep the ship in the wake of the towing ship, carefully watching all its turns in order to repeat them in a timely manner; make these turns as smoothly as possible, preventing your ship from crossing the line of the new course;
- when sailing in ice, in every possible way protect the ship's hull, its propellers and rudder from impacts, while paying special attention to protecting the bilge parts of the hull from damage, which are the most vulnerable;

If it is impossible to wriggle out so as not to touch the ice at all, it is necessary to take the ice floes to the stem, in no case touching them with the ship's cheekbones;
in order not to damage the rudder when the ship is moving astern, after reversing, immediately put the rudder in a straight position, without waiting for a special command to this effect, and report to the navigator or captain: “Rudder straight!”;
when changing the course from astern to forward, shifting the rudder from the straight position is allowed only if the vessel has forward movement, visible to the eye.
The helmsman must know all the commands both in Russian and in English. He should firmly grasp that every command received is loudly and distinctly rehearsed. After executing the command, be sure to report it loudly.