The pressure in the tires of the vehicle must be checked regularly and maintained at the values recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. A deviation from the established norm can lead to a variety of consequences, and most importantly, traffic safety depends on it. What pressure should be in the tires and what it affects, we will consider in a little more detail in this article.
WHAT IS THE THREATENESS OF DEVIATION FROM THE SET PARAMETERS
On front-wheel drive cars of the Volga Automobile Plant, such as VAZ 2110, VAZ 2114 and VAZ 2115, you can install wheels with a radius of R13, R14, R15 and R16, but normally the cars are equipped with only wheel disks and tires of the 13th and 14th radius. The optimal tire pressure depends primarily on the load and weight of the car, and much more depends on the road conditions and ambient temperature.
If the wheels are poorly pumped, then:
- The tire protector will wear out faster;
- It will become more difficult to steer the car and the steering wheel will be harder to turn;
- Fuel consumption will increase, and the more the wheels are deflated, the more noticeable is the consumption of gasoline;
- There will be a tendency for the car to drift, especially on a wet and snowy road, and stability will be lost;
- The power of the car will decrease, as the resistance to movement will increase.
If the wheels are over inflated, then this is also not very good:
- When driving, all the irregularities of the road surface are felt, the ride becomes uncomfortable. In addition, the chassis wears out faster;
- Due to less adhesion to the road surface, the braking distance is lengthened, which has a detrimental effect on traffic safety;
- The tire tread wears out unevenly, and the service life of the tires is noticeably reduced;
- A hernia on the wheel may appear, besides, under high pressure when hitting an obstacle, rubber may rupture, which is completely unsafe at high speed.
Below are three pictures that show how the rubber tread adheres to the road at optimal, low and overpressure.
Many car owners are wondering what pressure in R14 tires on VAZ models should be. According to technical conditions, wheels on a VAZ 2114 (2115) car are pumped up to 1.9 kgf / cm² (R13), on VAZ 2110-2112 cars, 2.0 kgf / cm² (R14) is recommended. Moreover, there is no difference on which axle the wheels are located - on the front or rear.
IMPACT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND ROAD FACTORS
The pressure in the tires of the VAZ in summer, in principle, should be the same as in winter. But in practice, in winter it is done a little lower for a number of reasons:
- Slightly flat tires allow better control of the car on slippery roads, it becomes more stable;
- The suspension is softened, and bumps in the road are not felt so;
- The braking distance becomes shorter, the likelihood of an emergency is reduced.
It is necessary to take into account the factor that after a temperature drop (after leaving a warm garage on a frosty street), the pressure in the R14 tires will decrease due to physical factors. Therefore, it should be checked before setting off, and if necessary, pump up the wheels. Also, when warmth comes after winter, pressure measurements should be taken.
The pressure in R13 tires in summer is usually maintained at 1.9 atm., But this level is designed for an average vehicle load (two or three people in the cabin). If the machine is fully loaded, then the pressure should be increased on the front axle up to 2.0-2.1 atm., On the rear axle up to 2.3-2.4 atm. The spare wheel is pumped up to 2.3 atm.
Russian roads are not of good quality, and therefore many car owners deliberately reduce the pressure in the tires so that all the irregularities of the road surface are not so noticeably felt when driving. Usually in the summer the wheels are "lowered" by 5-10%, and in the winter by 10-15% of the norm. On level tracks, you can adhere to the factory standard.
For example, a car tire pressure tableLARGE WHEELS
From the factory, the installation of wheels with a diameter of R15 and R16 is not provided, but some motorists, in pursuit of fashion and improved technical characteristics, install them on their VAZs. And accordingly, you need to know what should be the pressure in the R15 tires, and what the pressure in the R16 tires. It all depends on the workload of the VAZ model. With an average load of the car, the wheels are pumped up to 2 kgf / cm², on a loaded car it is better to pump them up to 2.2 kgf / cm². And if a lot of heavy luggage is placed in the trunk, then the rear rubber is pumped up by another 0.2 kgf / cm². It turns out that the pressure in the R14 tires is approximately the same as the pressure in the R15 and R16 tires (for the VAZ 2110-2115 models).
MEASUREMENT METHODS
How to measure the pressure in the tires of VAZ cars? Measurement can be made using a special dial gauge, but it should be noted that they may have an error of 0.2 atm. The pressure gauge can be either a separate device or as part of a wheel pump.
Measuring pressure is very simple:
- We reset the pressure gauge reading to zero;
- We turn off the cap from the wheel spool (if any);
- We put the pressure gauge union on the nipple and push;
- We look at the indication of the arrow on the device.
The pressure may rise when the tire heats up. This often happens when the driver prefers a dynamic driving style with frequent and hard braking. Therefore, the measurement is made on the car before the trip, when the wheels are not yet warmed up.
INJECTING TIRES WITH NITROGEN
Recently, it has become fashionable to pump up wheels not just with air, but with nitrogen.
There is an opinion that:
- Nitrogen keeps the pressure more stable, and when the wheel heats up, it does not change in the tires;
- Rubber does not age longer, because the pumped air with nitrogen is cleaner;
- Steel wheel rims rust less;
- Reduces the likelihood of rubber bursting, since nitrogen does not support combustion and reduces the risk of explosion.
Therefore, it is hardly worth giving in to the persuasion of sellers of dubious services and throwing money down the drain. The only thing that you can be sure of is that the wheels will not be worse from pumping nitrogen. If you don’t mind the money, then you can try this innovation on your car.
Car tire pressure is a question that all car enthusiasts are interested in. Tire wear and other important parameters depend on this indicator. Many people are interested to know how much they save money by pumping up the tires of a car by 0.5 atm from the recommended value, and how much gasoline is consumed when using a car with under-pumped tires.
Unfortunately, not everyone measures the pressure in R19 tires or any other with a pressure gauge - some control "by eye" is enough, which is fraught with unforeseen consequences.
This issue is especially important due to the temperature difference in summer and winter, which has a significant effect on the degree of tire inflation.
Optimal car tire pressure To find out what the increased or decreased pressure in tires R13, R15, R19 is fraught with, and whether the pumping characteristics of the wheels of a car or truck should be changed at different times of the year, you need:
- look at the results of many tests;
- refer to the tire pressure table from the manufacturer - it will help you study the standard indicators. It contains minimum, normal and maximum pressure.
The tire pressure monitoring system will help you to control the necessary indicators in the wheels. It is installed in the car interior and provides prompt information to the driver about the condition of the wheels while driving.
Tire pressure monitoring system How temperature affects tires
Fuel consumption, the load on the chassis and the frequency of buying new tires depend on what pressure should be in the R19 tires. When the outside temperature rises, the pressure in the tires of the car also increases. Conversely, the colder it is outside, the lower this value. There is a table for changing the optimal pressure in R19 tires depending on the air temperature:
These figures are presented for a passenger car at partial load (minimum number of passengers and cargo in the trunk). When fully loaded, the discrepancy between the indicators will increase. Standard indicators for this wheel size fluctuate depending on the car model and range from 2.2 to 2.7 atm.
It is precisely because of the temperature that the pressure in the wheels differs significantly at different times of the year, which affects fuel consumption.
Tire pressure gauge For the correct inflation of cold tires (when the ambient and rubber temperatures are the same), refer to the tire inflation standards established by the manufacturer or written in the vehicle's passport.
You should also take into account that when pumping rubber indoors (service station, garage), you need to increase the atmospheric pressure in the tires in winter by 0.2 bar. This will help compensate for temperature differences. In summer, you do not need to adhere to this rule, because there is almost no temperature difference.
Also, if you constantly need to pump up the R19 wheels, pay attention not only to temperature drops, but also to:
- the degree of wear of the wheel;
- fastening the nipple;
- the state of the tubeless valve;
- the quality of the air mixture in the chamber.
If you do not want to change the inflation value of the R19 wheels in summer and winter, fill them with nitrogen. It does not respond to temperature fluctuations and maintains constant pressure over a long period.
The essence of the test
To find out what pressure should be in the tires to save fuel and a comfortable ride, the experts conducted a test on a Lada 112 car with Kleber Viaxer summer tires installed. There were 2 passengers in the cabin, the trunk was empty.
| Criteria | Under-inflated summer tires (1.5 ATM) | Inflated summer tires (2.5 ATM) | Standard (2.0 atm) |
| Wear | around the edges | centered | the manufacturer guarantees the longest possible service life |
| Gasoline consumption (in relation to the standard) | +2% | -1,6% | |
| Coasting from a speed of 80 km / h | 1108 m | 1232 m | 1176 m |
| Maximum speed on the "rearrangement" | 61 km / h | 87 km / h | 66 km / h |
| Distance of the brake at the boundary value of wheel blocking on a dry surface | 44 m | 45.9 m | 45 m |
| Controllability (course stability, ride smoothness) | high ride smoothness, almost complete lack of sensitivity to surface irregularities (9 points out of 10); decrease in exchange rate stability (7 points out of 10) |
increased exchange rate stability (8 points out of 10); reduced ride smoothness - all patches and bumps are felt (6 points out of 10) |
normal stability on the road surface, heading control. (8 points out of 10) |
Thus, the pressure in the tires in the warm and cold seasons affects the technical characteristics of the car (in this case - "Lada 112"). Its correct indicators ensure optimal fuel consumption and savings on the purchase of new tires.
Features of wheel inflation at different times of the year
Tire tightness is checked when the vehicle has cooled down after a long trip or being in a warm room. Accordingly, there is no need to pump tires immediately after a long trip. Also note that:
- In the hot season, the car will slowly cool down.
- It is worth swinging the wheels of your car in cold weather in a warm room (tire fitting, boxing). This fact will help to avoid pressure differences and bring the pumping indicator closer to your ideal one.
- The pressure on the tires, regardless of the season, increases when the car is fully loaded (when it has the maximum number of passengers and cargo in the trunk), so pump up the tires in time.
- In case of large temperature differences indoors and outdoors, more often measure the pressure in the tires of the car to quickly adjust it.
Probably every motorist knows how important is the "correct" tire pressure in a car. However, not everyone knows about the factors that affect tire pressure, as well as the features that must be taken into account when operating a vehicle.
According to the popular opinion of motorists, only the presence or absence of external damage to the tire or rim affects the tire pressure. However, in practice, there is a whole host of factors that, in their totality, can lead to significant differences in indicators. In this article, we will try to tell you about all the nuances.
What is tire pressure
At first glance, this question is the simplest one. Typically, tire pressure refers to the density of the air that is inflated in them or pumped. It, of course, has a pressure higher than in the surrounding atmosphere, and it is this difference that is the key value that ensures the performance of the wheel.
The advent of pneumatic wheels was perhaps the main invention made in the early days of the automobile industry. The tire inflated with compressed air made it possible to effectively smooth out road irregularities, ensure a high smoothness of the vehicle and damp shock loads transmitted from the roadway to the structural elements of the car.
Video - about the importance of maintaining the correct tire pressure in a car:
Solid wheels could not provide this, and to this day there are no technologies capable of providing similar performance characteristics, which are given by pneumatic wheels, with the corresponding simplicity and low cost.
In fact, from the very beginning, when such wheels began to be used on vehicles, engineers had a reasonable question about what tire pressure should be considered optimal for a particular car. And as a result, it became clear that for each category of vehicles, such indicators will be very different.
So what influences the selection of the optimal tire pressure for a car?
Vehicle weight
Perhaps, this criterion is the main one, because the tire is designed to provide, first of all, effective absorption of loads of various types - shock, vibration, etc.
Operating temperature
Everyone knows from the school physics course that gases tend to expand when heated, and at low temperatures - to reduce their pressure. Accordingly, the tire pressure must compensate for temperature fluctuations that occur during vehicle operation.
However, this statement applies not only to the range of external operating temperatures, but also to the fact that the tire heats up during rolling. By the way, the difference in temperature between the wheel of a stationary and a moving vehicle is very significant, and it is very easy to check it - just touch the wheel of the car. It turns out to be quite hot. In fact, this means that if the wheel is "over-pumped", in motion due to heating it can simply explode, which is very dangerous.
The location of the wheel on the front or rear axle
As you know, the axle loads for any car are different, and very significantly. The parameter of load distribution is called weight distribution and, despite the fact that from the point of view of optimal parameters, the best result is a weight distribution of 50x50, engineers cannot achieve this parameter even on sports cars with a center engine position within the wheelbase.
In practice, however, weight distribution can be influenced by many factors, including the number of passengers, load, etc. Accordingly, the load on the tires also varies over a very wide range.
Video - why measure tire pressure:
Taking into account all the mentioned characteristics, the vehicle engineers calculate the average tire pressure value, which is designed to "balance" these criteria and ensure uniformity of performance over the entire range of operating loads.
How to measure it correctly
A special device called a pressure gauge is used to measure tire pressure. It can be either mechanical or electronic, represent a separate device or be included in the compressor package, but its function remains the same - accurate measurement of the pressure created in the car wheel.
It goes without saying that the pressure gauge, like any mechanism for accurate measurements, has its own error. Its value is indicated on the body of the device, and the smaller it is, the more accurate the measurement made by the driver will be. In this case, the car manufacturer also indicates the recommended tire pressure for a specific vehicle in the accompanying documentation. Many tire manufacturers also provide their own recommendations.
At first glance, everything is simple - the driver only needs to adjust the tire pressure in accordance with the factory recommendations and maintain it at a given level. However, here we return to the fact that a number of factors affect pressure, and the main one is temperature.
Video - what can lead to the wrong pressure in the tires of the car:
In practice, this means that, having pumped the wheels up to the standard value in the warm season (for a passenger car, it varies, depending on the mass, from 2 to 2.5 atmospheres), with a decrease in temperature, we will get a pressure that is significantly lower. It is especially problematic to "catch" the correct pressure if the car is stored in a warm garage. As a result, the wheels initially inflated to the correct value will change their physical properties during the trip, and when entering the heated box, the pressure will return to normal.
The solution to this problem can be the option when the tires are inflated after a long time, or compensating tire pumping in the box. However, the question arises as to how much the tire should be pumped so that in winter the pressure in the wheels is within the recommended range. Let's try to analyze this situation using examples of VAZ cars, which, as you know, have a wheel diameter of R13 or R14.
Tire pressures in winter and summer (table)
| Automobile | Dimension of wheels | Summer tire pressure | Tire pressure in winter | ||
| Front axle | Rear axle | Front axle | Rear axle | ||
| VAZ 2104 | 165 / 80R13 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 |
| 175 / 70R13 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | |
| VAZ 2108/09/99 | 165 / 70R13 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 175 / 70R13 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
| 155 / 80R13 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | |
| Family VAZ 2110 and Lada Priora | 175 / 70R13 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 175 / 65R14 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
| 185 / 60R14 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
The data in the table are for vehicles stored in a warm box. As you can see, the difference between the "summer" and "winter" pressure is about 0.1-0.2 atmospheres and it is this difference that is designed to compensate for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction of the air in the tire.
Despite the fact that we gave this example for popular VAZ models, a similar approach can be easily used for cars from other manufacturers.
What threatens the wrong tire pressure when driving a car
Very often, motorists underestimate the decrease in tire pressure of the car or their deviation from the manufacturer's regulatory recommendations.
In practice, the difference in tire pressure can lead to a deterioration in vehicle handling, increased tire wear, as well as a change in the balance of the vehicle when driving in corners.
The fact is that the uniformity of the tire pressure is an important aspect of the correct weight distribution of the vehicle. The pressure change is especially acute when driving on slippery surfaces and in winter time it can even lead to an increased "tendency" of the car to skid when cornering.
As already mentioned, not only reduced pressure can be dangerous, but also its increase. An over-inflated tire is often even more dangerous than an under-inflated tire. This is due to the fact that the wheel loses its elasticity and ability to effectively deal with shock loads from the coating.
As a result, driving a large bump at high speed can lead to an abrupt increase in pressure, which the tire will not be able to withstand. Thus, a wheel can explode in a relatively harmless driving situation.
As you can see, it is imperative to monitor the tire pressure. I would like to believe that this material will help you and answer the questions that may arise during the operation of the vehicle.
Video - the driver's opinion on what should be the tire pressure in winter:
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Comments on the article:
Sashak
Inflated tires are a bad joke. I remember that in the morning I was looking at it, the rear wheels were lowered, but I had to go to a long distance truck. Drove at a gas station pumped up. And the weather was so-so: in the morning it was freezing slightly, and then in the afternoon it was hot in the sun. Well, I blew too much into one wheel for a hike, because I drive up almost to where I needed to, and grab a hole in the road with just this wheel. It’s so hot! Sound like a burst packet, I guess. There was no good oncoming lane. In general, the tire and fender liner were blown to pieces in general. I put the spare wheel on and ran on.
Nikolay
"In the garage, the wheels are warm" - and on the way, what are they cold? The wheels heat up pretty well while driving. If in frost -10-15 you drive 100-150 km on dry asphalt, and then move to a snowy parking lot, the snow melts under them.
Evgeniy
Such a simple, one might even say elementary, procedure will save a lot of nerves, time, and sometimes even lives. It was not for nothing that they came up with the idea of prohibiting the operation of the vehicle with faulty steering. Wheels are part of it - and you need to be careful about this. And it is not difficult to monitor the tire pressure.
Evgeniy
Such a simple, one might even say elementary, procedure will save a lot of nerves, time, and sometimes even lives. It was not for nothing that they came up with the idea of prohibiting the operation of the vehicle with faulty steering. Wheels are part of it - and you need to be careful about this.
Oleg
I made it a rule to check the tire pressure daily before leaving the garage. It is on cold ones, as the manufacturer recommends. The only time I deliberately release the pressure is when driving on a terrible off-road (I have an SUV), it helps to overcome it.
Anatole
Artem Popov
In my humble opinion, tire pressure is often not given enough attention. By drivers, this parameter is often considered unimportant, insignificant. Moreover, sometimes it is even quite explicitly and deliberately ignored. Meanwhile, tire pressure can be very important, if not "vital", because a wheel can easily burst from excessive pressure, which can cause an accident. However, an under-inflated wheel is no less dangerous than an over-inflated one. And the consequences of this can be just as unpleasant and even dangerous for the driver, passengers and others.
Lyokha
I think every experienced driver has chilling stories related to the condition of the wheels. Indeed, in fact, this is the first, most important factor of many others, affecting the safety of driving. Well, except for the "driver factor", of course. Experts say that for the characteristics of each road surface, for each weather situation, there are recommendations for tire pressure. It turns out that the driver must stop several times during the trip by pumping up and then releasing the pressure. Inconvenient? Well, yes, not really. Only life is dearer than any inconvenience. It is necessary to monitor the optimal state of pressure, first of all, in extreme conditions: ice, loose snow, rain, etc.
novel
It is necessary to constantly monitor the tire pressure. I know that an over-pumped wheel can do more trouble than an under-pumped one. Elasticity is lost and at high speed you can easily skid the car when driving on bumps on the road. Several times I saw a situation when the wheels of would-be drivers exploded. I think you should not neglect the safety of your own and your passengers, and occasionally, at least when changing seasons, check the tire pressure. For this there is a pressure gauge, the procedure is quite quick. If the deviation from the norm and the controllability of the car is significantly reduced.
Nikolay
Hello everyone! What can I say about the pressure - you need to check it regularly, but not to the point of madness, as some authors write here - to check it before each exit from the garage, this is already excuse insanity. Every experienced driver can determine by eye if the wheel is "lying", at worst you can kick it with your foot. I also think that a decrease in pressure of 0.1-0.2 bar will not lead to anything critical. For example: if the specified axle pressure is 2.2, then a decrease to 2.0 is normal! But then you can already determine by eye. And of course, buy a monometer (not on a compressor), and a manual one - a small one for a quick check. Well, representatives of more expensive and newer cars are already using automatic tire pressure sensors with might and main. The same solaris are new - everything is already equipped with sensors, so nothing is required from the driver at all.
Oleg
Recently I just bought a car and I have to study various articles, but I have already experienced some of the problems myself. I drove 140 km, everything was fine, then the car stood in the parking lot for 5 hours, after going back I checked all the wheels, everything was fine. I drove 10 kilometers and felt that it was leading to the right. It turned out to have flattened the right wheel. The whole difficulty was that I did not know to what level to pump. Now I know that there is a plate with the norms on the door. In general, of course, it is better to study everything thoroughly about wheel pumping so that there are no unpleasant situations, now it is clear that this can even lead to an accident.
Anna
I myself faced a situation when in winter the sensor in the car began to show “check the tire pressure”. Of course, I immediately drove to the nearest service. The check showed that the pressure was within the normal range. It was then that I was told about the change in pressure at different times of the year.
Sergei
The pressure, in my opinion, should be checked in relatively warm weather, or in the garage. And pump up 0.1 atm higher than in summer. For in frosty conditions, the tires are often simply deflated. There is no point in pumping either - it will be tough and round like a donut, but we need the tread to adhere to the road with a larger area.
By the way, if it stalled somewhere, the following method helps: we lower the pressure of the driving wheels to 1-1.2 atm and slowly leave. The contact patch with the road is increased and the grip is improved. This allows you to crawl out of the snow captivity. Then we pump up the wheels to the norm.
Paul
When inflating car tires, I always inflate the tire pressure a little. Only 0.1-0.2 units. I noticed that the wheels lose a little pressure during operation, especially in winter, and after some time the indicators will become ideal. And here's an interesting story! I started to flatten the tire slightly, pump it up and continue to drive quietly for a couple of weeks, but when the wheel lowered again, I turned to the tire service. And I was surprised when the craftsmen removed the screwdriver's removable nib from the wheel !!! And it flew in at such a tricky angle that I didn’t notice it, looking at the wheel several times. The master left this detail in his collection, a piece of iron taken out of the wheels.
Natalia
Previously, I usually went to the tire shop to check the pressure and, if necessary, inflate the wheel. I bought a compressor 3 years ago. Now I monitor the pressure myself, especially before the long journey.
Sergei
Adjusting tire pressure, in addition to the standard, always depends on experience and on the duration of operation of a particular brand of car (just a habit). Basically, the whole theory is based on the use of new rubber, so wear and tear should not be forgotten, especially when buying used rubber. As wear increases, the pressure must be reduced or increased according to the ambient temperature or axle load. It is also necessary to monitor the wheel alignment - for example, if you notice that the rubber is eating up, and there is no way to go to the service station in the near future, then the pressure must be reduced and the driving speed must be reduced. in winter it is especially dangerous.
Michael
Tire pressure is important. It also greatly affects the ease of steering. If the steering wheel starts spinning tighter, I immediately check the pressure in the front wheels. And in general, I try to pump up the wheels once a week. Some slow down, poor seal on the rim of the wheel rim. Recently I went to a tire service and "cured" 2 of these wheels. But after seasonal storage in a set of wheels, at least one of them necessarily "gets sick" - apparently, rust forms on the disc.
Igor
Now such things are being sold - a unit that is installed in the cabin on the panel and four transmitters that are screwed onto the wheel valves. And always in real time, you can observe the pressure in all wheels, and if it starts to deflate, then a signal will follow. The cost of such kits is really not at all Divine, in the region of 10-15 thousand. Therefore, it is enough to buy a pressure gauge for fifty dollars to control the pressure and spend 10-15 minutes of precious time. Well, it is imperative to visually inspect the wheels every morning, assessing the degree of inflation, and indeed the presence of wheels 🙂
Lida
I had such a situation: I got into the car - the wheels were normally inflated (no visible changes in shape). And while I was driving, apparently one lowered a little…. as I later discovered. And so an unusual and incomprehensible knock appeared. After swapping, the knock disappeared. What could it be? Or was it not connected with the bus, but just coincided?
Igor
I noticed such a feature - the temperature drops a little (especially in the morning it freezes), the pressure gauge starts to show less than the norm, about 1.8 in the wheels, I pump them up to the norm of 2.0. And by lunchtime the sun is already up to almost 20 degrees plus, and the tire pressure of the car has already grown to 2.3. And if you also ride, then up to 2.5 rises on warm rubber. In general, a great thing is temperature! And what I wanted to say - do not rush to conclusions, having measured the pressure in the wheels. It is necessary to interpolate all the results for the season, for the average daily temperature, otherwise it will be necessary to pump up and lower the wheels three times a day 🙂
Gregory
I live in Siberia, so I already got into the habit of pumping the wheels up to 2.2 atmospheres in the rear and up to 2.1 at the front in winter, because during extreme temperature conditions the air loses pressure significantly, so I'm thinking, maybe if it will be more practical to pump nitrogen with nitrogen, comrades, what would you advise?
Tatyana
If you strictly follow the technical data, then you need to ensure that the tire pressure corresponds to them. However, in life this does not always coincide. If I take a car from the garage (it is not heated), then in the morning I look and set the pressure required by the manual. If I arrived at the dacha and I see a flat tire, then I either wait until the cylinders cool down, or I pump 0.2 atm more, because when it cools down, it will be the norm. As for the pressure gauge, it is better mechanical than electronic. Already changed 3 electronic ones and everyone is lying.
Denis
And my rubber was eating for about six months, I thought it might be similar collapse, and then I found the reason - riding on a flat tire!
SuperMakarij
Tire pressure is a serious thing. Many drivers focus on this not from the point of view of the correct operation of the car, but they are worried about extending the life of the tires. In principle, you need to think about this, but with an over-pumped wheel, get a tire explosion at high speed, but God forbid the front one - bad jokes. I had a case once, the rubber was worn out, but still looked decent. I asked the young locksmith at the tire changer to pump up, he pumped it up and as a result, a hernia formed on the inside, which burst on the road. It’s good that I didn’t go fast, everything worked out, but now I regularly check the tires and inflate them at least once a month, adjust and equalize the pressure in the tires.
Oleg
Tire pressure must be taken very seriously. If the tires are under-inflated - increased rubber wear, instability on the road, which is fraught with an accident on the track. An over-inflated tire - danger of explosion and very serious accident. Therefore, leaving in the morning, the first thing I do is look at the tire pressure and pump up, if anything, in full accordance with the instruction manual. It's another matter if you have to overcome snow drifts or a difficult-to-pass section of the road. Then just the case when you have to lower the tire pressure and sometimes quite significantly. This is to increase the contact area between the tire and the road to reduce spin. But just got out on a normal road, immediately pump up the tires to normal.
Laura
I have little driving experience, but still ... I always maintain the pressure in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. In non-standard conditions, I never pump up / do not reduce pressure, but I try to correct my driving style depending on the situation on the road. That's all…
Nikolay
I watch the wheels regularly, I don't check the pressure every day, but if I don't like something while driving, I definitely measure it. In the summer I try not to pump, there was a case when the wheel exploded. Uneven pressure is the unpredictable behavior of the vehicle on the road. Although it is difficult to determine with power steering, it all comes with experience. Usually starts to drift towards the tire with reduced pressure. There are all sorts of recommendations when it is better to pump, when to lower it, but all this brings benefits only in one key from a bunch of factors. In some cases, fuel is saved, but the suspension or the tire itself is worn out. All these manipulations should be carried out only if absolutely necessary. I try to keep my blood pressure normal both in winter and summer.
Sergei
I always ride with slightly under-inflated tires. In summer, in the heat, this prevents possible problems associated with high blood pressure. In winter, the grip patch increases on a slippery frozen road. For myself, I still noted that unevenly inflated tires cause more problems than over-inflated or under-inflated tires.
Artem
I always control the pressure in the wheels, and try to keep it in the range of 2, the weight of the car is 1300 kg. Only in winter do I release the pressure to 1 in order to drive on snow or ice!
Maria
We bought a new car in the showroom. While we were driving home, we rode every bump. Pressure 4 atmospheres. They called the salon, they said such norms
Egor
It is hardly worth checking the tire pressure before every exit from the garage, this is already too much. Imagine: before you go to work. in a suit and white shirt, you climb to the dirty wheels to measure the pressure.
If you let it down a lot, then you can see it by eye, and so - once a week, maximum. Usually, the wheel or normally holds pressure for a long time. or drops to zero overnight if a puncture happened.
Anatoly
So many years behind the wheel, and never heard of weight distribution! But I feel in which tire the pressure has dropped, noticeably in the course of the car.
Alexey Zayats
I myself faced such a problem. If the pressure is 1.5-1.6 in the tires, then at a rate of 2-2.1 this is not very noticeable, but their wear increases significantly, and even with uneven pressure, one wears out faster than the other. Now I go to the tire fitting once a week, pump up).
Vladimir Petenenkov
Previously, I did not attach importance to this, but as at gas stations they began to use tire inflation services free of charge, I began to use it right away. To be honest, it saves a little money on gasoline, the second is nerves, since the car behaves more adequately on the road. Well, yes! Rubber wears out less!
Maxim Sergeevich
A certain pressure does not have an exact standard. For example, when skidding in difficult conditions such as mud, especially in ditches, it is better to lower the tire pressure. This increases the adhesion to the soil, due to softening and streamlining. This approach also works in winter with slush, when the car is not yet completely buried and there is access to the nipple.
Denis
Many parameters of the car depend on the pressure in the tires: this is tire wear, fuel consumption, and cross-country ability in some cases.
It is especially important to select the appropriate pressure when the temperature changes in winter and summer.
Everyone is free to control the pressure independently, some put sophisticated tire pressure monitoring systems, someone uses a pressure gauge, but the most reckless are checked by eye.
I belong to the latter, i.e. sometimes every day (depending on the proposed route), sometimes every other day, I measure the pressure with a pressure gauge.
If it is necessary to inflate the tires, I am guided by the rate set by the manufacturer in the documentation for the car.
In winter, I only inflate the tires in the garage to avoid pressure differences and bring the pressure closer to ideal. And you also need to take into account the loading of the car.
However, sometimes it is simply necessary to relieve the tire pressure. Whether in winter or summer, when driving off-road, as this will significantly increase the cross-country ability.
Michael
I swing the front wheels to 1.8, the rear to 2.0. Recently I pumped up a wheel and a friend asked how much I pumped, I told him that they say so and so. To which I received the answer, the front tires should also be a bad grade, since the front is the engine. Whom to believe? The operation book says 1.8.
Macarius
I had a case. For a long time, driving the car out of the garage, I did not pay attention to the condition of the tires, especially those located on the starboard side. I accelerated along the highway strongly, at the turn I felt that I was not naturally shaken, the car somehow sank to my right side. I was confused, I almost jumped off the track. The front wheel was half deflated. Now I watch the tires in both directions.
Nikolay Vetrov
I check it once a week. The weather became capricious, heat in the daytime - cold at night. I also have soft tires, on the "eye" the tires are half-deflated. The difference in pressure is immediately felt on the front end. The car takes down, so, watch, do not be lazy. Wear is nonsense compared to an accident.
Sergei
Nowadays, there are simply many varieties of rubber and the determination of pressure for many becomes difficult, even if there are recommendations for a specific classification. In such cases, it is advisable to do pumping on new tires with a slight undershoot with running-in without special weight loads in order to determine the constant seasonal rate. Experience is needed for independent action.
Igor
Here I completely agree with Sergey. I had Kama rubber on my Niva, I kept the pressure as in the manual, about 1.9 atm, now I switched to KUMHO, and noticed that the rubber seemed to be under-pumped. Raised the pressure to 2 atm, it's still not enough, went to the tire fitting, the specialists say 2.2 is needed. I've been driving with this pressure for six months now, everything is fine. And so, usually I look visually, for 30 years of working as a driver, I can tell by eye whether the pressure is normal or not. In the morning, if it gets colder, I definitely pump it up, if it's hot, on the contrary, I bleed it a little and, despite the experience, I check it with a pressure gauge. I have a mechanical one since 1988, the glass is already cracked, but I won't change it for electronic, it hurts too much they lie.
Anton
To be able to pump up the tires at any time, I bought myself an electric pump that works from a cigarette lighter. Beauty in the forest or on a country road is not scary. You can always inflate the tire.
Basil
on hot tires I set the pressure to 2.2, in winter in the morning the pressure drops to 1.9 when driving it returns to 2.2, if on cold tires I put 2.2, then on heated tires the pressure rises to 2.5
Vladimir
Well, in fact, if you drive in the city, then there is no point in pumping up in winter and summer in different ways, absolutely no. I rocked 2.3 on Civic both in summer and winter.
It is much more dangerous when the pressure drops and if not strongly, then at first it is imperceptible. And it so happens that on one 2.3, on the other 2.0, on the third 1.8, etc. And this is at least uneven rubber wear, and in general the car itself can behave incomprehensibly, so I recommend checking the tire pressure at least once a week.
Nikolay
There is no need to reinvent the wheel. The tire pressure must be kept according to the car's instructions. I (Korando C 200) in winter (on a winter tire) and in summer keep 2.1 (round). True, the second winter will have to go on an all-season, so the pressure drops to 2.0 - this was enough for driving in the Donetsk region ...
The recommended tire pressure of the vehicle can be found in a special table located in the vehicle operating instructions. Depending on the car brand, manufacturers indicate the optimal pressure at which the load in the tires will be evenly distributed.
The concept of tire pressure should be understood as the density of the air pumped into the tire by the compressor. It is necessary to inflate tires taking into account the data of tables of pressure in tires of cars and trucks. The correct pressure ensures an even distribution of the load, affects the following parameters:
- fuel consumption;
- uniformity of tire wear;
- safety of movement of the machine.
There are several options for which the specified parameter will not be optimal:
- tires are inflated - the density of the inflated air is too high;
- underdeveloped tires - this parameter is underestimated;
- all wheels of the car have different pressures.
Correct pressure ensures reliable adhesion of the tires to the road surface and affects the comfort and safety of movement. You can find out how incorrect tire pressure affects tire wear by looking at Figure 1.
Figure 1. Influence of tire pressure on tread wear
In the first variant, the tire is under-inflated to the permissible rate, excessive wear of the tread along the edges of the rubber occurs. In the second version, the tire is inflated to the required rate - the tread wear is even. The third option shows an over-inflated tire - the middle part of the tread wears excessively.
In real operation, after twenty minutes of driving at high speed, the tire pressure increases by 0.5 atmospheres. Long journeys at high speeds can lead to an increase in the specified parameter up to 4-5 atmospheres. In such a situation, an over-inflated tire may burst while the machine is moving.
Lowered to half the atmosphere of the wheels can affect the "behavior" of the car, the risk of accidents increases. It is recommended to check the tire pressure once a week, as well as before long trips.
Influence of various factors
You can check the air density of the tires using a pressure gauge. It is recommended to carry out this procedure inside a garage or box with cold tires. The temperature difference between the moving and standing wheels is significant: while driving, the tire heats up. In this case, the air supplied inside it has the ability to expand when heated and reduce its volume during cooling.
Tire Air Density Measurement Procedure From a theoretical point of view, pumping up the wheels to normal pressure values is not difficult. From the practical point of view, everything is not so simple: having inflated tires on the street to an acceptable value in winter, you will notice that during the trip, the pressure inside the tires will change. It is possible to solve this problem by pumping up tires in winter inside a warm garage or box after two hours of inactivity of the car.
In summer, the cooling of tires is very slow, so the wheels are pumped up after the trip when the tires have completely cooled down. Many car enthusiasts argue that the permissible tire pressure is different in winter and summer, therefore, in the summer, you need to under-pump the tires to the permissible norm, and in the winter - to pump the tires. This is a misconception. The tire pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer is the same in winter and summer, motorists need to monitor this parameter and try to keep it within the normal range. Under-pumping or over-pumping of wheels leads to a deterioration in the adhesion of tires to the roadway, and reduces the tire life.
The tire pressure is influenced by the location of the tires on the front or rear axle. The axle load of the vehicle differs significantly. An even distribution of the load is called weight distribution, it is optimal if 50% of the loads are on the front axle and the same amount on the rear, but in real conditions it is impossible to achieve such a distribution of loads. Therefore, the load on the tires of the front and rear axles is different, for example, compare the data in the tables below.
Tables with the values of the recommended tire pressure of cars by make
Toyota
Recommended tire pressure for Toyota cars: Camry, Corolla, Starlet, Rav 4, Karina, Selica, Supra, Lexus GS 300, Previa Salon (4x4), Lit Ice, 4-Runner, Land Cruiser 4x4 (Starlet, Corolla, Carina, Camry, Celica, MR2, Supra, Lexus GS300, Previa, Saloon (4x4), Model F (4x4), Lite Ace, 4-Runner, Landcruiser 4x4, RAV 4).
Alfa-romeo
Bmw
Chevrolet
Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep
Recommended tire pressure for Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep cars: Cheri Voyage, Vision, Saratoga, Le Baron, Viper RT 10, Cherokee / Wangler (Voyager, Vision, Saratoga, Le Baron, Viper RT 10, Cherokee / Wrangler).
Daewoo
Daihatsu
Fiat
Honda
Hyundai
Recommended pressure inside tires of Hyundai cars: Pony, Lantra, Sonata, S-Coupe, Getz, Santa Fe (Pony, Lantra, Sonata, S-Coupe, Getz, Santa Fe). 
Kia
Recommended air density for tires of KIA cars: Serato, Sid, Rio, Carens, Sportage (Cerato, CEE'D, Rio, Carens, Sportage). 
Lancia
Recommended tire pressure of Lancia cars: Delta, Dedra, Tema (Y10, Delta, Dedra, Thema). 
Mazda
Recommended tire pressure of Mazda cars: 3, 6, 121, 323, 626, Xedos. 
Mercedes
Recommended pressure inside tires of Mercedes cars (C, TE, E, SL, SE / L / C, GE, GD). 
Mitsubishi
Recommended tire pressure for Mitsubishi cars: Colt, Lancer, Galant, Sigma, Eclipse, Space, Pajero (Colt, Lancer, Galant, Sigma, Eclipse, Space, 3000GT, L300, Pajero). 
Nissan
Recommended tire pressure for Nissan cars: Micra, Sunny, Primera, Prairie, Serena, Maxima, Terrano II, Patrol (Micra, Sunny, Primera, 100NX, Prairie, Serena, 200SX, 300ZX, Maxima, Terrano II, Patrol). 
Opel
Recommended tire pressure for Opel cars: Corsa, Combo, Astra, Cadet, Vectra, Caliber, Omega, Senator, Frontera, Monterey (Corsa, Combo, Astra, Kadett, Vectra, Calibra, Omega, Senator, Frontera, Monterey). 
Peugeot
Recommended tire pressure for Peugeot cars (106, 205, 306, 309, 405, 505, 605). 
Porsche
Recommended tire pressure for Porsche cars (944, 968, 911, 928, 959). 
Renault
Recommended tire pressure for Renault cars: Espace, Express, Twino, Safran, Laguna, Alpina (Express, Twingo, R5, Clio, R19, R21, R25, Safrane, Laguna, Alpina, Espace). 
Skoda
Recommended tire pressure for Skoda cars: Favorit, Forman, Cordoba, Fabia, Roomster (Favorit LX, Forman LX / GLX, Cordoba, Fabia, Roomster). 
Subaru
Recommended tire pressure for Subaru Subaru cars: Wagon, Vivio, Justy, Impreza, Legacy, Forester, Outback (Wagon, Vivio, Gli, Justy, Impreza, Legacy, XT Turbo, SVX, Forester, Outback). 
Volvo
Recommended pressure inside tires of Volvo cars (240, 440, 460, 850, 480, 940, 960). 
Audi
Citroen
Recommended tire pressure for Citroen cars: Xantia, AX, C 15, ZX, BX, XM, C2, C3, C4, C5. 
Ford
Recommended tire pressure for Ford cars: Fiesta, Curier, Escort, Sierra, Mondeo, Proba, Sation, Taurus, Aerostar, Explorer, Maverick, Focus I, Focus II, Fusion (Fiesta, Courier, Escort, Sierra, Mondeo Station, Probe , Scorpio, Taurus, Aerostar, Explorer, Maverik, Focus I, Focus II, Fusion). 
Volkswagen
Recommended tire pressure for Volkswagen cars: Polo, Golf II, Golf III, Vento, Corrado, Passat, Caravel, Synchro 4x4, Jetta 2005, Ruareg (Polo, Golf II, Golf III, Vento, Corrado, Passat, Caravelle, Synchro 4 × 4, JETTA 2005, TOUAREG). 
Vaz
Recommended pressure inside tires of VAZ cars: 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 21099 2110, 2111, 2112, 2114, 2115, Lada Kalina, Lada Priora, Niva. 
Please note that the optimal parameter of the density of the injected air is influenced by the make of the car, the location of the tires on the front or rear axle, the size of the tires (for radii R13, R14, R15, R16 .. the specified parameter is different) and the load of the car.
Conclusion
The fuel consumption of the car, the load on the chassis, the resource of tires, and controllability depend on the pressure in the tires. An increase in the ambient temperature leads to an increase in the density of the air injected into the tires; with a decrease in the air temperature, a decrease in the tire pressure is observed. Therefore, the density of the air with which the tires are inflated is checked after the rubber has completely cooled down: tires cannot be pumped immediately after a long trip. In winter, pump up tires in a warm garage or box, so you get as close as possible to the optimal density values.
In case of large differences in air temperature, measure the specified parameter more often. Consider: the load on the tires, regardless of the season, increases when the car is fully loaded, so adjust the density of the air pumped into the tires depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle.
When inflating the tires of any vehicle, it is always necessary to maintain the pressure set by the manufacturer, since non-observance of this important rule negatively affects the operation of the tires, and also affects the further safety of road traffic. What should be the correct pressure in the tires of the car (table). Let's talk about the dependence of the degree of pumping on weather, road conditions and methods of testing.
What happens if tire pressure is not observed
Most cars with front-wheel drive (both domestic and foreign) can be fitted with rims with a radius of R13 - R16. However, the basic equipment almost always includes wheels in sizes R13 and R14. The value of the optimal pressure in the tires of the car is selected according to its mass at full load. In this case, the climatic and road conditions in which the vehicle is operated must be taken into account.
If the wheels are inflated incorrectly
If the wheels are over-pumped
- The wear of the undercarriage parts increases. At the same time, while driving, all the bumps and pits on the road are felt. Driving comfort disappears;
- as the pressure of the tires of the car becomes excessive, as a result of this, the contact area of the tire tread with the road surface decreases. Due to this, the braking distance is significantly increased and the safety of vehicle operation is reduced;
- the tread wears out faster, significantly shortening the service life of car tires;
- Excessive tire pressure on contact with an obstacle at high speed can cause a hernia or even rupture of the rubber. This situation is extremely dangerous and can lead to tragic consequences.
Most owners of transport equipment with R13 and R14 wheels (the most common radius values) are interested in: what should be the optimal pressure in a car's tires? According to the recommendation of the manufacturer of the tire of the thirteenth radius, it is necessary to inflate up to 1.9 kgf / cm 2, and the wheels with the size R14 - up to 2.0 kgf / cm 2. These parameters apply to both the front and rear wheels.
Dependence of tire pressure on climatic and road conditions
In principle, it is necessary to maintain the same wheel inflation both in summer and winter. However, it is recommended not to inflate the tires slightly in winter. This is necessary for:
- Improving vehicle stability on slippery roads. Driving becomes more comfortable and comfortable with slightly flat tires in winter.
- Road safety is improved as the vehicle's braking distance is significantly shortened.
- Running flat tires in winter helps soften the suspension, resulting in less poor road surface conditions. Mobility comfort is increased.
You also need to know that with a sharp change in temperature (for example, after the car has left a warm box in the cold), due to some physical properties, a decrease in tire pressure occurs.
Therefore, before leaving the garage in winter, it is imperative to check the tire pressure, and if necessary, pump them up. Do not forget about constant pressure control, especially when the temperature regime changes and in the off-season.
The recommended pressure in R13 tires with the onset of summer is 1.9 atm. This value is calculated taking into account that the car will be half loaded (the driver and one or two passengers). When the vehicle is fully loaded, the pressure value of the front wheelset must be increased to 2.0-2.1 atm, and the rear - up to 2.3-2.4 atm. The reserve should be pumped up to 2.3 atm.
Unfortunately, the road surface is by no means ideal, so most motorists specifically prefer not to pump the wheels a little. Because thanks to this, all the bumps and flaws of the road are not so felt when driving. Often in the summer, the pressure in the wheels is reduced by 5-10%, and with the onset of winter this figure slightly increases and is 10-15%. When driving on flat roads, it is best to maintain the tire pressure recommended by the manufacturer.
Taking into account all the factors, a tire pressure table is built.
What should be the optimal pressure for larger wheels
Despite the fact that most of domestic and foreign cars have wheels with a maximum radius of R14, most owners still install larger wheels (R15 and R16) to improve the appearance of their vehicle and improve some of its characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to know what should be the optimal pressure in a tire of this size?
It also depends on the degree of load on the machine. When it is half loaded, the tire pressure threshold should not exceed 2.0 kgf / cm 2, at full load this value is already 2.2 kgf / cm 2. If a large amount of various heavy luggage is transported in the luggage compartment, the pressure in the rear wheelset must be increased by another 0.2 kgf / cm 2. As you can see, the pressure in the tires of the fourteenth radius is approximately equal to the pressure in R15 and R16. 
How to measure pressure: the correct sequence
Alas, even most experienced drivers completely ignore the procedure for monitoring the pressure of the car's wheels, considering this procedure absolutely useless. Checking the pressure in the tires is carried out using a pressure gauge, which can be integral with the pump, or be a separate element. Do not forget that the error of any manometer is usually 0.2 kgf / cm 2.
Pressure measurement sequence: 
- It is necessary to zero the readings of the pressure gauge.
- Unscrew the safety cap (if any) from the wheel nipple.
- Connect a pressure gauge to the nipple and push it lightly to purge air from the chamber.
- Wait until the arrow of the device stops.
This procedure must be performed on a monthly basis with regular vehicle operation. Measurement should be done before driving, when the rubber is not yet warmed up. This is necessary to accurately determine the readings, since after warming up the tires, the air pressure inside them increases. This is often the result of dynamic driving with constant speed changes and hard braking. For this reason, it is ideal to measure before driving, when the tires on the car have not yet warmed up.
Whether or not to inflate tires with nitrogen
Recently, almost all tire changing stations have appeared an expensive service of pumping tires with nitrogen. Its popularity is due to a number of the following opinions:
- Thanks to nitrogen, the pressure in the tires remains constant as they heat up.
- The service life of rubber is increased (it practically does not "age", since nitrogen is much cleaner than air).
- Steel wheel rims do not corrode.
- The possibility of tire rupture is completely excluded, since nitrogen is a non-combustible gas.
However, these statements are nothing more than another advertising ploy by marketers. After all, the nitrogen content in the air is about 80%, and it is unlikely that something can change for the better if the nitrogen content inside the tires increases by 10-15%.
In this case, you should not spend extra money and pump up the wheels with expensive nitrogen, since there will be no additional benefit, as well as harm, from this procedure.
