In the spring of 2005, an international seminar on space exploration was held at the University of Maryland, USA. Our country was represented by Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, head of the department of system design of advanced space complexes of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise TsNIIMash, laureate of the USSR State Prize Georgy Uspensky. His report was devoted to the goals, objectives and composition of the main projects of automatic missions planned by the Russian Federal Space Program for the period until 2015 in the field of Earth remote sensing and fundamental research in space. They also talked about the upcoming circumsolar gravitational experiments, which should clarify a lot in the problem of the physics of gravity - one of the key ones for modern science.

The theory of gravity develops simultaneously with the expansion of knowledge about the Earth and the Universe. Ideas about the force of gravity are found in epics. Svyatogor the hero tried to overcome the “earthly cravings.” Leonardo da Vinci assumed that gravity exists on all celestial bodies. Kepler intuitively came to the conclusion that the force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Newton created a coherent theory based on the guesses and experiments of Kepler, Huygens, Leibniz and Hooke. But the mechanism of gravity still remained a mystery.

Poincaré, Lorentz and Einstein based the theory of gravitation on the apparatus of electromagnetism and the curvilinear geometry of Lobachevsky-Riemann-Hilbert. Thus, the general theory of relativity was created, where all bodies generate a gravitational field that bends space, and this forms the force of attraction. In this case, gravitational interaction propagates at the speed of light, which is considered to be the maximum possible, and the evolution of stars ends with the formation of black holes.

But the evolution of the theory of gravity continues. This is facilitated by the discoveries of neutron stars, black holes and gravitational lenses. Based on the results of these discoveries and previously known anomalous manifestations of gravitational interaction (the departure of the perihelion of Mercury, the bending of star light near the solar disk, multiple red shifts of the radiation of celestial objects, the delay in the propagation time of electromagnetic radiation), Professor Uspensky formed a fundamentally new theory of gravity based on the flow mechanism he proposed .

“The mild physical conditions on Earth compared to stellar ones make it very difficult to obtain reliable experimental data on gravity,” says Georgiy Romanovich. “But the Creator still gave us the opportunity to observe the starry sky and feel the gravitational interaction between our body and the Earth, thanks to which we can explain some phenomena. The most fruitful were Newton's ideas about the ether pressing bodies to the Earth. They were further developed by a galaxy of great physicists, including Lissajous. They represented the ether in the form of ultra-mundane particles moving in all directions at enormous speeds. Penetrating all bodies, the particles form a “pushing” force. This theory of gravity was also supported by the great Maxwell, considering it the most solid.”

Gravitational matter

“The potential energy of the gravitational field of black holes is equal to MC2, so matter cannot generate a gravitational field—to create it, the entire star would have to be annihilated. This means that it is legitimate to assume that it is not matter that is primary, but gravitational matter, says Uspensky. “It follows from this that outer space is filled with this high-energy matter. To supply the substance with energy, flows of gravitational matter flow to it. It is not perceived by the senses and cannot be measured by existing instruments, but we constantly feel the results of the interaction of this matter with our body and with the Earth in the form of gravity, pressing everything earthly to the Earth.”

From Uspensky's articles and books it follows that this matter has a remarkable ability to spread in space at speeds significantly exceeding the speed of light. The movement of gravitational matter has large-scale vortex structures and local flows in the form of sinks. The sizes of gravitational vortices of the Universe are commensurate with the sizes of galaxies. And local sinks of grav matter are formed near celestial bodies and directed towards their centers.

Georgy Romanovich offers a clear analogy: “For gravitational matter, the substance of the planets is transparent, like glass for light. But light passing through glass has a weak force on it. In the same way, flows of gravitational matter, passing through us and the objects around us, form forces in the direction towards the center of the Earth. We feel it like gravity.”

So, after all, it is not the Earth that attracts us, but an external cosmic force that “pushes” us towards it, as Lissajous puts it?

Gravity drive

“The energetic openness of the system of gravitationally interacting bodies and the difference in external forces applied to them (in the direction of each other) - all this leads to the idea of ​​​​creating a gravitational engine,” emphasizes Georgy Uspensky. – Imagine two bodies of equal mass, connected by a rigid connection, made of substances of significantly different densities, for example, lead and aluminum. Due to their interaction, aluminum will be affected by a difference in external forces towards lead. Of course, this force will not move the system, because the difference in forces is negligible (about 10 to the minus 20th power of Newton). But as the density of bodies increases and the distance between them decreases, it can increase significantly. The fact is that we are not talking about the lead and aluminum that are used by humanity today. To solve this problem, we need bodies made of nuclear and even denser substances of these metals. Then our gravitational engine will start working.”

Having heard about a nuclear substance, a skeptic will object that in our time its use is completely unrealistic. Professor Uspensky looks at the problem differently: “Astronomers know celestial bodies consisting of nuclear matter - these are “white dwarfs,” that is, stars made of “bare” cores without electron shells. With the mass of the Sun, they have a radius that is thousands of times smaller. The matter can become denser until the size of the star approaches the size of a gravitational hole - a celestial body that is not “attracted” by other bodies. And for such a star with the mass of the Sun, the radius is expressed not in kilometers, but in centimeters! So the existence of matter in a super-dense state is possible, which means that a gravitational engine with unusually high levels of thrust and generated acceleration (overload of tens and hundreds of units) is also possible. The gravity drive will be created sooner than we think! In any case, before the end of the 21st century.”

Use: converts gravitational energy into mechanical energy and can be used in power plants. The essence of the invention: pistons 26 - 29 of equal mass, under the influence of gravity, press on opposite cranks 12 - 15, equally spaced from the center of rotation. The pressure on the cranks is the same and the crankshaft 11 is motionless. When fluid is supplied to the hydraulic block of one of the pistons 26 - 29, the pressure of the latter on the crank decreases by 6 - 7 times, as a result of which a difference in forces applied to these two cranks arises, and the crankshaft 11 begins to rotate, periodically supplying fluid to the hydraulic blocks of those pistons. which move upward and drain it from them, in accordance with the operating order of the four-piston engine, the distribution mechanism ensures a constant difference in pressure forces on opposite cranks and thereby rotates the crankshaft, the flywheel 16 accumulates the rotational energy of the crankshaft 11 and removes the pistons from the top and bottom dead centers . 3 salary, 53 ill.

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used as a power plant in railway transport and in energy construction. A carburetor four-stroke internal combustion engine of a VAZ-2121 car is known, which contains a cylinder block with pistons and a crankcase, inside which a crank mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, a starting mechanism, lubrication, cooling, ignition and power systems are installed. The disadvantages of the known carburetor engine are large heat losses, environmental pollution from exhaust gases, high fuel consumption, and high cost. These disadvantages are due to the design of the engine. A gravitational engine is also known, containing an energy converter, a starting device, an electrical equipment system and a power take-off unit. The disadvantages of the well-known gravitational engine adopted as a prototype are low efficiency and insufficient power. These disadvantages are due to the design of the engine. The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance of the engine. This is achieved by the fact that the energy converter and the power take-off unit are replaced by an energy converter in the form of weights-pistons installed in vertical guides and kinematically connected through connecting rods with the crankshaft in the form of several cranks located one relative to the other inside the pair at an angle of 180 o, and between in pairs - at an angle of 90 o, and is equipped with a hydraulic drive device made of hydraulic units placed between the connecting rods and pistons and a hydraulic distribution mechanism with a pump driven by an electric motor, and the internal cavities of the hydraulic units are connected by pipelines to the hydraulic system of the hydraulic distribution mechanism; an additional power take-off unit, made in the form of an electric current generator, kinematically connected to the crankshaft through a step-up gearbox. In fig. 1 shows a general view of the gravitational engine; figure 2 - the same, top view; figure 3 - the same, front view; Fig.4 - the same, rear view; Fig.5 is a view from the side of the hydraulic distribution mechanism; Fig.6 is a sectional view of the crank mechanism; Fig.7 is a front cross-sectional view; Fig.8 - general view of the piston; Fig.9 is the same, top view with partial section; Fig. 10 is the same, side view; Fig. 11 is a view of the crankshaft and the hydraulic distribution mechanism shaft drive; Fig. 12 is a diagram of the hydraulic distribution mechanism; Fig. 13 - 20 - location of the cams on the shaft of the hydraulic distribution mechanism; in fig. 21 - general view of the valve box; Fig. 22 is the same, side view; Fig. 23 is the same, sectional view; Fig. 24 is a hydraulic diagram of the hydraulic distribution mechanism; Fig.25 - 32 - diagram of the operating principle of the gravitational engine; Fig. 33 - step-up gearbox device; Fig. 34 is a diagram of engine operation; Fig. 35 is a general view of the valve body; Fig. 36 is a section along A-A in Fig. 35; in fig. 37 - the same, top view; Fig. 38 is the same, side view; Fig. 39 is the same, sectional view; Fig. 40 is a diagram of the connection of the swept beam with the valve body piston; Fig. 41 is a general view of the internal piston of the valve body; Fig.42 - the same, top view; Fig. 43 is a general view of the outer piston of the hydraulic unit; Fig.44 - the same, top view; Fig. 45 is a diagram of the forces acting on the inner surface of the valve body; in fig. 46 - diagram of the forces acting on the internal and external pistons of the valve body; Fig. 47 is a diagram of the electrical equipment of the engine; in fig. 48 - engine speed controller circuit; Fig.49 - engine lubrication diagram; Figs. 50 - 53 show crankshaft positions and engine starting diagram. The proposed three-stroke four-piston gravity engine includes an energy converter in the form of a crank-piston mechanism with a hydraulic distribution mechanism and a regulator, a power take-off unit for an electric current generator kinematically connected to the crankshaft through a step-up gearbox, a starting device and electrical and lubrication systems. The gravity engine contains a frame 1 on which the crankcase 2 is mounted. An engine block 3 is bolted to the crankcase, on which guides 4 and 5 are located. In the engine crankcase, on main bearings 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, a crankshaft 11 is installed, which has two pairs of cranks 12, 13 and 14, 15, and in each pair one crank is installed relative to the other at an angle of 180 o, and between pairs at an angle of 90 o. A flywheel 16 is attached to the front end of the crankshaft, which should be quite heavy, and a flange 17 is installed at the rear end, which is bolted to the flange 18 of the boost gearbox 19 through a rubber disk 20. The gearbox is mechanically connected to the electric generator 21. The crankshaft cranks are connected to detachable connecting rod heads 22, 23, 24, 25, and one-piece heads - with pistons-weights 26, 27, 28, 29, which are installed in guides on ball bearings 30. Between the pistons and connecting rods, hydraulic units 31, 32 are placed in the same guides on ball bearings , 33, 34, hingedly connected to both. All pistons have the same device and each of them contains a hollow body 35, closed on top with a lid 36. A lead insert 37 is inserted inside the body to increase the mass of the piston. The side of the body has two holes into which cups 38 are inserted, having spherical recesses for balls. The glasses interact with adjusting cones 39, ending with screws 40, screwed into the body and secured with nuts 41. By screwing in or out the cones, you can adjust the piston stroke in the guides. A spherical connector consisting of two parts 42 and 43 is bolted to the lower part of the piston body. On the middle part of the piston body there is a mark 44, and on one of the guides there are marks 45, the top of which corresponds to the “top dead center”, the bottom - to the “bottom dead center”. dead point" and the middle one indicates the intermediate position of the piston. In the engine block, a hydraulic camshaft is mounted on bearings, which drives a driven gear 46, which meshes with an intermediate gear 47, which meshes with a drive gear 48 mounted on the crankshaft. The gear ratio from the crankshaft to the camshaft is 1:1. The hydraulic distribution mechanism contains a camshaft consisting of an internal shaft 49, on which is mounted an outer tubular shaft 50, held on both sides by retaining rings 51 and 52. The tubular shaft is cast integrally with rings 53, on which cams 54 - 61 are made. At the rear end of the tubular The shaft has an inclined groove 62 into which a pin 63 is inserted, connected to a wheel 64 having a groove and mounted on the splines of the inner shaft. A lever 65 enters the wheel groove from below, connected to the speed controller of the electric motor 66, which drives the pump unit 67 of the hydraulic distribution mechanism. A lever 68 enters the wheel groove from above, connected to a T-shaped bushing 69, to which one end of the spring 70 is pressed, and the other is inserted inside the cup-shaped bushing 71. Balls 72 are inserted into the inclined grooves of the T-shaped bushing, contacting the disk 73, mounted on internal shaft. The cup-shaped bushing interacts with the lever 74, the free end of which contacts the adjusting screw of the lever 75, the roller of which is pressed by an eccentric 76 mounted on the axis and having a handle 77. The camshaft cams interact with pushers 78, loaded with springs 79. The upper ends of the pushers contact the valve body valves. boxes 80, 81, 82, 83. All four valve boxes are identical in design and each of them contains a housing 84 with a cover 85, screwed with bolts 86, which form an internal cavity 87, which is connected through the inlet 88 and outlet 89 valves by channels with inlet 90 and outlet 91 fittings. The valves are loaded with springs 92. A working fitting 93 and a starting fitting 94 are installed on the cover, which are connected to the internal cavity of the valve box, which has holes 95 for attaching it to the engine block. The hydraulic system of the distribution mechanism also includes an oil tank 96, which has an oil heater 97, an engine stop valve 98, and engine start valves 99, 100, 101, 102. The pumping unit of the hydraulic distribution mechanism contains a pressure pump 103 with a pressure reducing valve 104 and a drain pump 105. All inlet fittings and engine start fittings are connected to the discharge line 106, and all outlet fittings are connected to the drain line 107. Hydraulic blocks installed between the pistons and connecting rods have the same device. The valve body contains a rectangular body 108 with a flange 109 in the lower part, to which a cover 110 with a hinge 11 is bolted, to which the engine connecting rod is attached. In the upper part, the cylindrical part of the body branches into two pairs of cylinders of the same cross-section: outer 112, 113 and inner 114, 115. The angle between the axes of the cylinders = 55 o. External pistons 116, 117 and internal pistons 118, 119 with sealing elements 120 are inserted inside the cylinders. Each piston has a restrictive groove 121, into which a pin 122 is inserted, fixed in the cylinder body. At the lower end part, facing the liquid, each piston has special bevels. For external pistons they are made at an angle = 55 o, and for internal pistons - at an angle = 39 o. In the upper part of the pistons there are T-shaped grooves 123, through which a swept-back beam 124 is passed, ending in the upper part with a ball 125 that fits into the spherical connector of the piston. In the upper part on the side, each valve body has a fitting 126, through which the internal cavity of the valve body is connected by a flexible hose 127 to the working fitting of the corresponding valve box of the hydraulic distribution mechanism. Together with the valve body, two rectangular bars 128 and 129 are cast with holes for the balls and mechanisms for adjusting them, like in a piston. The hydraulic units are inserted into the same guides as the pistons and can move with the pistons as one unit. The step-up gearbox contains a housing 130, in which drive 133 and output 134 shafts are mounted on bearings 131 and 132, and the output shaft with its end fits into the end of the drive shaft. The upper intermediate shaft 135 is mounted in bearings 136 and 137. The lower intermediate shaft is mounted in bearings 138 and 139 and has two gears 140 and 141 meshing with a large carriage gear 142 mounted freely on the drive shaft and a small carriage gear 143 mounted on the drive shaft is free. The drive shaft gear 144 meshes with the upper countershaft gear 145, and the gear 146 meshes with the output shaft gear 147. The upper intermediate shaft gears 148 and 149 mesh with the small and large gears of the drive shaft carriages, respectively. The housing is closed with a cover 150. A flange 151 is fixed to the output shaft, to which the generator flange 152 is bolted. A rubber disk 153 is clamped between the flanges. The DC generator is connected through a reverse current relay 154 to batteries 155, which are combined into several groups. In each group, the battery connection is serial, and between groups - parallel. The batteries are located in niches of the engine frame. All electrical equipment is placed on a panel 156, which is screwed to the frame. The electrical equipment system includes a relay-regulator 157, switches, voltmeters and ammeters, fuses 158, engine lighting lamps, electric motor 159 that drives the hydraulic distribution mechanism pump assembly, electric motor 160 that drives the oil pump of the lubrication system, electric motor 161 that drives the oil radiator cooling fan, temperature warning lights 162 and oil pressure, temperature and oil pressure sensors 163 connected to oil pressure and temperature indicators 164, electric tachometer 165 with sensor 166, electric motor starters and other devices. The engine lubrication system includes an oil tank 167 mounted on the engine frame, an oil pump 168 with a limit valve, an oil purification filter 169, an oil cooler 170 with a valve 171 and a blower fan 172. Both in all engines and in the proposed one, crankshaft bearings are lubricated and split connecting rod heads under pressure through drillings inside the crankshaft. All gears are lubricated by splashing through channels specially connected to them. Lubrication of pushers and guides - by gravity from special recesses, where it is supplied by a pump. The oil that passes through the rubbing parts flows into the engine crankcase, and from it into the oil tank. The operation of the gravitational engine is based on the following principle. Two pistons of equal mass under the influence of gravity produce pressure on two opposite ones, equally spaced from the center of rotation of the crank. The pressure on both cranks is equal and the crankshaft is stationary. When fluid is supplied to the hydraulic unit of one of the pistons, the pressure of the latter on the crank decreases several times, resulting in a difference in forces applied to these cranks, and the crankshaft begins to rotate. Periodically, supplying fluid to the hydraulic units of those pistons that move upward and draining it from them, in accordance with the operating order of the four-piston engine, the hydraulic distribution mechanism ensures rotation of the crankshaft. In this case, each piston makes one working stroke and two preparatory strokes per revolution of the crankshaft. During the working stroke, fluid is not supplied to the valve body and the piston exerts maximum pressure on the crank, turning the crankshaft 180 o, the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). The first preparatory stroke is the supply of fluid to the valve body, the piston moves upward from BDC to the point corresponding to 270 o, exerting minimal pressure on the crank. The second preparatory move is draining the fluid from the valve body; the piston moves upward from the point corresponding to 270 o to TDC, also exerting minimal pressure on the crank. The first and second preparatory moves are equal in time. In figures 25 - 34, the working stroke is shown by shading; the first preparatory move is painted black; the second preparatory move is shaded with cells. FIGS. 25 and 26 show the initial positions of pistons 28 and 29 (3rd and 4th pistons from the flywheel). Crank 14 of piston 28 moved slightly from the BDC position (more than 180 o), and crank 15 of piston 29 from the BDC position (more than 180 o), and crank 15 of piston 29 from the TDC position (more than 0 o). Pistons 28 and 29, through ball bearings 42 and 43, press on balls 125 and swept beams 124, and the latter produce pressure on the outer 116 and 117 and inner 118 and 119 pistons, which occupy the lowest positions and rest against the pins 122. Then through the valve body housings 108, connecting rods 24, 25, the pressure is transmitted to the cranks 14, 15 of the crankshaft 11. The pressure on the cranks is the same, the arms of application of the forces are equal and the forces F and F 1 are equal. The cam 58 presses on the pusher 78, compressing the spring 79, which opens the inlet valve 88 of the valve box 82 and the liquid from the pump 103 through the pressure line 106, the inlet fitting 90 of the valve box, the internal cavity 87, the working fitting 93 and the flexible hose 127 enters the valve body 33 piston 28. The outer 116, 117 and inner 118, 119 pistons of the hydraulic unit 33 begin to rise and through the swept beam 124, the ball 125 slowly lifts the piston 28 up to a distance of 3 - 5 cm. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the cover 110 of the hydraulic unit is several times smaller. Force F will be less than force F 1 and the crankshaft will turn in the direction of the arrow. The inlet 88 and outlet 89 valves of the valve box 83 of the piston 29 are closed. Having turned, the crankshaft will take the position shown in Figs. 27 and 28. In this case, the cam 58 will move away from the pusher 78 and the inlet valve 88 of the valve box 82 will close, and the outlet valve 59 will open and the liquid will drain from the valve body of the piston 28, which simultaneously with moving up will slowly go down along with the pistons 116 - 119 of the valve body. Valves 88 and 89 of the valve box 83 of the piston 29 are closed. The pressure of pistons 28 and 29 on the cranks has not changed and the crankshaft rotates another angle so that the force F is still less than the force F 1. As soon as piston 28 reaches top dead center (TDC), pistons 116 - 119 of the valve body will lower onto pins 122 and the pressure of piston 28 on crank 14 of the crankshaft will increase to normal. Flywheel 16, rotating by inertia, will bring the pistons out of their dead spots. Next, piston 28 will make a working stroke. At the same time, liquid will begin to flow into the valve body 34 of the piston 29, which has reached bottom dead center (BDC), and the pistons 116, 117, 118, 119 of the valve body 34 will rise upward, further raising the piston 29 to a small additional height, reducing the pressure on the crank 15 crankshaft 11. In this case, the cam 60 will press the pusher 78, which will open the inlet valve 88 of the valve box 83. The force F will become greater than the force F 1 and the crankshaft 11 will continue to rotate in the same direction (Figs. 29 and 30). Having reached the position shown in Fig. 32, the piston 29 will continue to move upward. In this case, the inlet valve 88 will close, the cam 60 will lower the pusher, and the cam 61 through the pusher 78 will open the outlet valve 89 of the valve box 83 and the liquid from the valve body will begin to drain through the flexible hose 127, the valve box 83, the drain line 107, the pump 105 into the oil tank 96 . Fluid will drain from the valve body until the piston reaches TDC. Piston 28 will make a working stroke. Then the pistons will take the position shown in Figs. 25 and 26 and everything will repeat again. Thus, periodically supplying fluid to those hydraulic units whose pistons move from BDC to the point corresponding to 270 o and, draining it, from those hydraulic units whose pistons move from the point corresponding to 270 o to TDC, the hydraulic distribution mechanism ensures the difference in forces applied to crankshaft cranks. Pistons 26 and 27 work in the same way. All pistons moving from TDC to BDC make a power stroke and, by applying pressure on the corresponding cranks, drive the crankshaft 11 of the engine. Table 1 shows the order of alternating working strokes of the gravity engine. From the data in table. 1 shows that the power stroke in a four-piston engine is performed simultaneously by two pistons. The pistons in the top row begin their power stroke, moving from TDC, and those in the bottom row continue their power stroke, moving from the midpoint to BDC (counting the pistons from the flywheel). Table 2 shows the order of alternation of preparatory moves. In the top row are the numbers of the pistons that begin the preparatory stroke, and in the bottom row - those that continue the preparatory stroke. When fluid is supplied to the hydraulic units, it acts not only on the pistons, but also on the internal parts of the housing. The bevels of the pistons 116 - 119 divide the inner surface of the valve body cylinders into equal sections: l = l 1 ; l 2 = l 3 ; l 4 = l 5 ; l 6 = l 7; l 8 = l 9; l 10 = l 11. The fluid forces acting on these areas are equal and mutually balance each other: F = F 1 ; F 2 = F 3 ; F 4 = F 5 ; F 6 = F 7; F 8 = F 9; F 10 = F 11 (Fig. 45). Figure 46 shows the forces acting on the valve body cover and pistons. This shows that the forces acting on the internal pistons F in and F in1 are directed at an angle of 55 o to each other. The resultant of these forces F p is directed upward. The forces acting on the external pistons F n and F n1 are also directed at an angle of 55 o to each other and have a resultant force F p1. The addition of the resultant forces F p and F p1 gives a force F pores, which acts on the swept beam 124 and raises the engine piston additionally to a small height at a low speed. The force F cr acting on the valve body cover 110 and, accordingly, on the crankshaft crank is several times less than the pore force F, since the cross-sectional area of ​​the cover 110 is several times smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the valve body pistons. In the cold season, the liquid supplied to the hydraulic units can be heated in the oil tank 96 by means of a heater 97. Due to the significant weight of the pistons 26 - 29, the gravity engine is low-speed. Therefore, for normal operation of the DC generator 21, a step-up gearbox 19 is used, which increases the rotation speed of the generator shaft to the required limits. The electricity generated by the generator is used through the reverse current relay 154 to recharge the batteries 155 and power electrical equipment. The constancy of the current and voltage is maintained by the relay regulator 157. When the engine is running, the set speed is set by the handle 77 and is maintained as follows. Turning the handle 77 in one direction or another affects the T-shaped sleeve 69, changing the compression force of the regulator spring 70. When the engine shaft rotation speed increases above the established norm, the balls 72, under the influence of centrifugal force, diverge from the center of rotation and move the sleeve 69 with the lever 68, which moves the wheel with the groove 64 along the splines of the internal shaft 49 of the hydraulic distribution mechanism. Finger 63, moving along the inclined slot 62 of the outer shaft 59, will rotate the latter by an additional angle Z = 30 o in the direction of rotation and together with it the disks 53 with cams 54 - 61 will rotate by the same angle. As a result, the diagram of the working and preparatory strokes for all four engine pistons (shown with a dotted line in Fig. 34). The beginning and end of the power stroke are shifted, as well as the beginning and end of filling and draining fluid in hydraulic units 31 - 34. This will lead to a decrease in the forces acting on the crankshaft cranks and, accordingly, a decrease in the engine shaft speed. When the crankshaft rotation speed decreases, everything will happen in the reverse order. The outer shaft will turn against rotation and the moments of the beginning and end of the working and preparatory strokes will be restored and the crankshaft rotation speed will increase. During engine operation, oil for lubricating bearings, gears, shafts, and pushers can either be heated by a heater 97 in the oil tank 167, or cooled in the radiator 170 by means of a fan 172 rotated by an electric motor 161, depending on the ambient temperature. All necessary information about the operation of the engine is displayed on the control panel 156 and monitored by instruments. To stop the engine, it is necessary to close valve 98, through which liquid is supplied to pressure line 106. In this case, pump 103 will operate in idle mode, dispersing liquid through pressure reducing valve 104, and pump 105 will drain liquid from all hydraulic units. The pistons of all hydraulic units will lower onto pins 122 and the pressure of pistons 26 - 29 on the cranks of crankshaft 11 will become equal and it will stop. After stopping the engine shaft, it is necessary to turn off the electric motors 66 and 160 of the pump unit 67 and the lubrication system pump 168 and turn off the electrical equipment. The engine is started as follows. When the engine is stopped, the crankshaft may be in one of the positions shown in FIG. 50 - 53, or with slight deviations in one direction or another from the indicated provisions. Using marks 44 on the pistons and marks 45 on the guides, it is necessary to determine in which of the above positions the crankshaft is located, which pistons will have to make preparatory strokes. In accordance with the data in Table 2, it is necessary to open for a while and close one or two of the start valves 99 - 102, after turning on the electric motors 66 and 160 of the pump unit 67 and the pump 168 of the lubrication system. In this case, the liquid from the pump 103 through the open valve 98, the pressure line 106, the corresponding starting valves, fittings 94, the internal position of the cavity 87, working fittings 93 and flexible hoses 127 will enter the hydraulic units of the corresponding engine pistons and the crankshaft will begin to rotate, after which it will enter the hydraulic distribution mechanism will operate and the rotation of the crankshaft will be maintained, as described above (in Figs. 50 - 53 the direction of movement of the pistons making the preparatory stroke is shown by arrows). The engine must be installed in such a way that its pistons are strictly in a vertical plane. The engine can be used in locomotives, mobile power plants, and in areas where fuel delivery is difficult.

CLAIM

1. GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE containing an energy converter, a starting device, an electrical equipment system and a power take-off unit, characterized in that the working body of the energy converter is made in the form of weights - pistons mounted on ball bearings in vertical guides and kinematically connected through connecting rods with a crankshaft made in the form of several pairs of cranks, located one relative to the other inside the pair at an angle of 180 o, and between the pairs - at an angle of 90 o and is equipped with a hydraulic drive device made of hydraulic units and a hydraulic distribution mechanism with a pump, hydraulically connected to each other and the working cavity of the cylinder. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that each hydraulic unit is made in the form of a container with inlet and outlet fittings connected to the internal cavities of the valve boxes of the hydraulic distribution mechanism, placed between the piston and the connecting rod and pivotally connected to them. 3. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional power take-off unit, made in the form of an electrical energy generator, kinematically connected to the crankshaft through a step-up gearbox. 4. The engine according to claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the hydraulic distribution pump is mechanically connected to the electric motor of the electrical equipment system.

The gravitational engine has long been considered by scientists as something that looks good in theory, but is not feasible in practice. However, in recent years, in connection with the development of certain areas of physical science, this type has gradually begun to take on very real shape.

We should start with the fact that a gravitational engine, albeit in theoretical form, is a special device that will facilitate the movement of individual bodies and objects without throwing away mass. In general terms, we are talking about using this huge reserve of energy to perform certain work. The latter should be produced due to the fact that the body will move directly under the influence

For a long time, the impossibility of creating such a device as a gravitational engine was associated with the fact that the work done by this field in relation to a closed loop would be zero, since this space itself is characterized by potentiality. Much has changed in connection with the emergence and development of provisions according to which this process is possible, but it must be carried out in completely different ways than we are accustomed to under Earth conditions.

In particular, one of the most promising is the option based on the designs of Minato, Searle, Floyd, which, despite the fact that they have very significant technical shortcomings, represent a very decisive step towards the practical use of energy gravity. Their undoubted advantages include efficiency and duration of activity.

Another confirmation that the gravitational engine, despite all its fantastic nature, is not at all some kind of pipe dream, is the use of similar schemes in modern astronautics. Thus, to correct the orbit of satellites and even space stations, special gyroscopes have long been successfully used, which allow objects to move without throwing away masses.

In fact, today the main barrier that stands in the way of the gravitational engine turning from fantasy into reality is the lack of the necessary mechanisms to combine the efforts of magnetic, chemical and thermal forces with mechanical interaction. Moreover, such a system must be closed, and the fuel supply must be sufficient for long-term operation.

If research on this device is successful, then humanity will not only receive modern aircraft engines with economical and environmentally friendly operation, but will also overcome a number of restrictions on the further improvement of various technical devices.

The gravity engine was a pipe dream for a long time. Scientists created theoretical formulas that demonstrated the possibility of creating and using such devices. However, in practice this was not feasible. The gravity effect that was planned to be used did not work for long, and only if a certain force was given to it. Inventors designed and manufactured various devices that would allow them to achieve success. However, no one managed to achieve a logical conclusion.

Only recently, thanks to the development of science, opportunities have emerged and the gravitational engine began to take on a practical shape. For a long time, the inability to build such a product was due to the fact that, according to Newton’s law, the work performed by the field in relation to a closed loop is zero. Today, the theory of relativity is used as the basis for the possibility of creating such a device. One of the options in this direction is the use of a magnetic-gravitational engine and a device based on new physical principles.

Kinds

Gravity engine, depending on the type of design and energy used, can be:

• Mechanical. These are all kinds of engine designs that scientists have been creating since ancient times. One of the typical representatives of such engines is a wheel on which loads are hung using threads. When pushed, the wheel begins to spin. Initially, it seems that the wheel will spin constantly, but after a while it stops. This is caused by the fact that the loads on different sides are balanced.

• Hydromechanical. Used to convert water buoyancy and gravity into mechanical energy. A typical representative of such devices are float motors. The floats are connected into a chain using thread and wire. In water they float up under the influence of buoyancy, and in air they are acted upon by gravity. As a result, they can spin the wheel attached to them, but also for a limited time. The problem here is that the floats have to overcome the resistance of the water to sink. The result is the same closed loop.

• Capillary. Such engines work by capillary effect, raising water to the top. The water then falls down, causing the wheel to spin. However, there is also a minus here - the water will be retained by the capillary effect, which initially raises it.

• Magnetic-gravitational . Such devices operate thanks to permanent magnets. The operation of such a unit is based on the variable movement of magnets relative to the main magnet or any load.

• Gravity drive , working on new physical principles of thrust creation.

Device

A gravity engine operating on a hydromechanical principle has the following device. The main element of the design is a plunger pair, consisting of a cylinder and a piston, creating a compression chamber. The piston is at the same time capable of moving inside the cylinder under the influence of its own weight. If there is an inclination relative to the horizon, the piston moves along an inclined path, gradually sucking or pushing water out of the compression chamber.

The plunger pairs are connected to each other using a pipe, from where water can flow from one chamber to another. Such a system rotates relative to the suspension point, which is stationary.

Magnetic motors use permanent magnets, weights and a permanent disk magnet. The appearance of magnetic forces generated between permanent magnets. Including the force of gravity, it allows you to create a constant rotation of the rotor relative to the stator magnet in the form of a ring.

Operating principle

The hydromechanical engine works due to the movement of fluid in the chamber and gravity. In a vertical position, the plunger pairs have water in the lower compression chamber. When the system deviates from the specified position, the pistons are directed to the sides. At this moment, a vacuum forms in the upper piston, and a certain pressure appears in the lower one. As a result, the liquid is directed from the lower chamber to the upper one. Gradually, the upper chamber begins to outweigh the lower chamber as liquid accumulates. As a result, the system receives acceleration and begins to rotate.

The gravitational propulsion system operates on the magnetic principle as follows. When the loads approach the axis of rotation of one magnet, they begin to be repelled towards the opposite pole. Thanks to the constant displacement of the center of mass, as well as changes in gravitational forces and the action of magnetic fields, the engine can operate almost forever. If the engine is assembled correctly, a small push will be enough to get it running. As a result, he will be able to spin up to maximum speed.

A high-voltage discharge is created in a gravitational engine operating on new physical principles for generating thrust. It leads to evaporation of the working fluid, for example, fluoroplastic. As a result, traction is formed.

How to choose

Most of the gravity devices on the market cannot last forever. They need a certain amount of push to get them to work. Yes, such a device will be able to rotate for a certain time, but after a while it will stop. This is especially true for models operating on mechanical, hydraulic and physical principles. They won't work for long.

Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at magnetic engines. They will work an order of magnitude longer. It is advisable to choose not home-made, but factory-made options that will work and can last an order of magnitude longer.

Application

The gravity drive rarely finds practical application. Mostly such products are used to demonstrate their capabilities. They are also used in everyday life and business to entertain partners, household members and visiting guests. Such devices are practically not used in industry or other areas.

However, today gravity engines are being tested and developed, which will soon be able to find worthy application. For example, this concerns Russian scientists who began to test a fundamentally new engine operating on new physical principles related to gravity. This engine has already worked on the Yubileiny spacecraft. This unit should subsequently be used on a spacecraft that is part of the system created by Russia and Belarus.

A device that works without wasting body energy has already been tested on Earth. This engine was called "gravity drive". In the future, these gravity thrusters could be used for spacecraft, especially nanosatellites. Such an engine will be miniature and can operate indefinitely. Gravitational engines based on new physical principles are planned to be tested in space conditions.

Content:

For a long time, work has been carried out on the use of alternative energy sources in various devices. Among the many options, it is worth noting a gravity engine, which does not run on traditional types of fuel, but uses the effect of gravity. The special shape, together with various devices, makes it possible to use the Earth's gravitational field quite effectively. This device belongs to a category that no one has yet managed to invent and bring to its logical conclusion. Therefore, in this article such an engine can be considered only from a theoretical point of view.

Operating principle of the gravity device

During rotation, the engine will be subject to air resistance and other factors. As an example, a structure consisting of sealed S-shaped elements is considered. Each of them is filled with water and air in a 1:1 ratio. With each cycle of rotation of this structure, a small amount of energy will flow from the gravitational field.

If the total amount of energy received from each element during the entire cycle exceeds the engine’s costs of overcoming friction and other factors, then the device will gradually begin to gain momentum. This will happen until gravitational effects cease to appear under the influence of centrifugal forces. Thus, a gravitational engine initially requires good spin-up, like other driving devices. A typical example is the automobile internal combustion engine, which was started in different ways: at first - with a special handle, and in modern conditions - with a starter. In this case, the power of the gravitational engine depends on the number of S-shaped elements.

The operation of a water engine occurs according to a certain pattern. First, you need to unscrew it well in a clockwise direction. After this, the area with water will be in a horizontal position, and the water will flow from one elbow to the other. The area freed from water will begin to rotate rapidly.

At the same time, the water moves in the horizontal direction, crossing the lines of force of the gravitational field. Consequently, without doing any work, it will fill the empty section of the pipe, which, under the influence of gravity, will begin to move downward. Thus, due to constant overflow, the engine will rotate. Movement control is carried out due to the moment of inertia inherent in the S-shaped pipe.

As a result of rotation, the motor gradually reaches a certain speed, after which the energy received by the parts is transferred to the load. In addition to connecting to any useful device, it is spent on overcoming air resistance and friction. Having reached a certain rotation speed, the engine will begin to operate in automatic oscillation mode. Gravity will prevent the rotation speed from decreasing, and it will also limit it due to the concentration of water at the outer end of the pipe, which is why the gravitational effect is significantly reduced.

In order to improve the dynamic properties of the engine, sealed elastic containers filled with a small amount of air should be placed at both ends of the rotating element. During rotation, they will perform the function of a kind of spring in relation to the water.

Using gravity engines in practice

Currently, engines that do not require fuel have not found practical application and are considered only as an interesting toy. Most often, they act only as a visual confirmation of theoretical research and calculations.

However, if the efficiency of these devices increases, they will be able to work normally and bring real benefits. To do this, it is necessary to group the main element with the same structures. This connection will make it possible to obtain higher power and uniform rotation. All parts are placed on a common axis of rotation and located at different angles relative to each other. Instead of water, you can use mercury or special weights, which significantly increase the efficiency of the device.

Such motors can be directly built into carriage or machine wheels. Thus, there is a real possibility of independent movement of mechanisms without the participation of traditional electric motors. It practically turns out to be a kind of scooter.

The operating principle of gravity engines can already be used in the designs of car wheels and other mechanical devices. Due to this, it is quite possible to reduce fuel consumption or increase traction. The main problem may be choosing the most optimal gravitational motor design for a particular type of wheel. Such devices do not consume oxygen and are completely fire safe. An indispensable condition for the operation of such engines is their mandatory preliminary spin-up.

How to Increase the Efficiency of a Gravity Device

It is possible to increase the efficiency of a gravity engine by changing the entire design. That is, instead of a wheel, you can take, for example, a pendulum as a basis. To do this you will need a tank filled with water. The correct choice of parameters is of great importance: the size of the container, the density of the float and liquid in the tank, the weight of the load, as well as both heights indicated in the figure.

A correctly executed design will work until all parts are completely worn out and will successfully fulfill its purpose in various devices. To increase the efficiency of such a pendulum, it is recommended to slightly change its design. During the oscillation process, she will behave differently.

A cylinder divided into compartments is used as a load. The first compartment contains liquid or mercury, as well as a float filled with air. The other compartment is filled with air and contains a load of liquid or mercury. This weight is connected to the float using a rod; therefore, the movement of one of them affects the movement of the other. That is, the load and the float are mutually interconnected.

The liquid displaced by the float must have a weight greater than the mass of the cargo in the air compartment. The size of the float is selected so that it does not wobble inside the compartment with liquid. This will prevent current breakdown and reduce resistance.

Theoretically, it can be assumed that all oscillations of the pendulum occur only in one plane. When the oscillations reach a sufficient amplitude, the center of gravity of the pendulum will change relative to the axis of rotation at the attachment point. This change occurs depending on the angle of deflection of the entire structure. At the highest point, the load in the air compartment will approach the bottom of the cylinder, and at the lowest point it will begin to rise upward. This movement is carried out under the influence of the Archimedes force.

Taking a direct part in the work process, this force transfers to the pendulum a certain amount of energy equal to the work done. If all the components of the pendulum are selected successfully and optimally, this will help it quickly enter the automatic oscillation mode and use exclusively the energy of the gravitational field.

Magnetic gravity engine design

One of the options for a perpetual motion machine is a magnetic-gravitational device, the basis of which is a permanent magnet. The operating principle of this design is to move auxiliary weights around the main magnet.

All magnets in turn interact with force fields as one or another load approaches the axis of rotation with one of its poles. Next, repulsion occurs to the other pole. Thus, constantly alternating gravitational forces, a displacement of the center of mass, and the interaction of permanent magnets with each other ensure almost eternal operation of the engine.

Provided that the magnetic motor is assembled correctly, just a small push is enough to start its operation, after which it itself will begin to gain maximum speed in the process of unwinding. The most important thing is to correctly fulfill all technical requirements, observing the established parameters and sizes of magnets and weights.