You've probably heard that chess develops thinking, observation, and the ability to assess a situation, otherwise you wouldn't have opened this article. Sovsport tried to summarize the rules of playing chess for beginners - if you've never played this game before, then it's time to learn. If you have played a little and for a long time, you can refresh your knowledge. If you want to teach your children, we will try to help.

THE LEGEND OF THE ORIGIN OF CHESS

If you are going to explain the rules of chess to children, then try first to captivate them with the legend of the origin of chess.

A long time ago, about two thousand years ago, when there were no iPads or even televisions, the despotic and frivolous Raja Bagram lived and ruled in India, who constantly amused himself by fighting with his neighbors.

And one of his associates named Nazir decided to distract the ruler from wars with a game that he invented, and at the same time show that the king means little without the support of his subordinates. In this game, on a 64-cell board, in addition to the king, infantry and cavalry, elephants and fortresses were placed and fought - everything was like in the real army of Bagram, so he really liked the game. He asked Nazir what reward he wanted for his invention.

“Put 1 grain of wheat on the first cell of the board, on the second - 2, on the third again twice as much, that is, 4, on the fourth - 8 and so on until you fill all 64 cells,” answered the sage.

“You think badly of my generosity! Is this a worthy reward? Okay, you’ll get your bag of wheat!” – Bagram waved his hand.

But when the court mathematicians calculated how many grains Bagram Nazir should give, it turned out to be a huge number - 18,446,744,073,709,551,615! This is more than grains of sand in the largest desert on our Earth, the Sahara! After this, the Raja realized how smart Nazir was, and he respected the game he had invented even more.

The rules of the game of chess were refined for many centuries, but in their classical version they were established several centuries ago. The game takes place on a board consisting of 64 alternating black and white squares. You need to start placing the pieces when the board in front of you in the near right corner has a white square.

Your army has 16 pieces - a king, a queen (queen), 2 knights, 2 bishops, 2 rooks and 8 pawns. In the row closest to you, rooks are placed on the edges, then, closer to the center, knights, then bishops. The remaining two cells are occupied by the king and queen, and their location is easy to remember by the phrase “the queen loves her color.” That is, the white queen stands on a white square (and the white king on a black one), and the black queen on a black one, leaving a white square for the black king. The second row of players is entirely occupied by pawns.

White makes the first move. In one move, you can move only one piece to any number of cells allowed for it. If your piece “lands” on the cell where your opponent’s piece stands, then his piece “dies” and is removed from the board.

The goal of the game is to “capture” someone else’s king before someone else’s army “captures” yours. A situation when the opponent’s king is under attack by any of your pieces, but can hide on an adjacent cell or behind another piece, is called “check”. And if he is under attack and has nowhere to hide, it means you have checkmated and won.

HOW CHESS FIGURES MOVE

To show how chess pieces move on the board, there is nothing better than to present this part of the rules of chess in pictures. But first you need to remember: according to the rules, if you take on any piece, then you must make a move on it.

King. Moves one square in any direction. The exception is castling (more on that below). It is impossible to lose the king, so the king can never move to the cell that is under attack from someone else's piece. If your opponent accidentally placed the king on a square where he could not move, do not shout “Ha ha, I won!”, but put his piece back and explain what he did wrong.

Queen. The strongest figure. Moves any number of cells in any direction.

Elephant. Moves any number of cells along any diagonal. As you can see, one bishop starts the game on a white square (and can never end up on a black one), and the other starts on a black one (and can never jump to a white one).

Horse. The most unusual figure moves in the letter “G”, that is, two squares in any direction, then makes a 90-degree turn in any direction and moves another square. In this case, the knight is the only piece that can “jump” over others.

Rook. Moves in a straight line - that is, forward, backward or in any direction for any number of cells.

Pawn. The simplest soldiers in your army can only move forward. On their first move, they can move either one or two squares. But in the future they walk carefully - one cell and no more. But if someone else’s piece is standing in front of them, then they cannot attack it. Why? Because pawns also attack other people’s pieces one square at a time, but not directly, but diagonally!

However, as is often written in the rules of playing chess for children, a slow and clumsy pawn has a dream that she sometimes manages to fulfill. If it reaches the opposite edge of the board, it can turn into any other piece (except for the king and itself, that is, a pawn). Usually a pawn is promoted to queen because, as you already know, it is the most powerful piece.

The so-called “passant capture” is associated with a pawn, which we will discuss below.

SPECIAL MOVES

There are two special moves. Again, for clarity, we will explain these nuances of the rules of the game of chess in the pictures.

The first special move is called castling. If the king and rook have not yet moved since the beginning of the game and there are no other pieces between them, then they can castle. To do this, the king takes two steps towards the rook, and it “jumps” over him. In this case, neither the square on which the king stood, nor the square that he crossed, nor the square on which he stood should not be under attack from the enemy pieces.

"Capture en passant" refers to the pawn's first move, when it moves two squares at once. If a pawn - say, white - has moved two squares and at the same time caught up with the opponent’s black pawn, then the player with black pieces can next move his pawn to the square that the white pawn has just jumped over and remove the frisky opponent from the board. But if he doesn’t make this move right away, then in the future he can no longer pretend to “eat” the white pawn.

END OF THE GAME

As already noted, the game ends when the king of one of the chess players is under attack and cannot “escape” from it or defend itself with another piece. This one is called “checkmate.” The one who managed to drive someone else's king into such a trap is declared the winner. The game can also end in victory for one of the participants if the other himself declares his capitulation.

If the king of one of the party participants is not under attack, but this participant cannot move any of the pieces, then this situation is called a “stalemate”, and the match is declared a draw. In addition, a draw is recorded if a position is repeated three times (not necessarily within three moves in a row) or if there are no pieces left on the board sufficient for checkmate (for example, kings and one minor piece from one of the opponents, that is, a knight or bishop) .

The above is enough to make you sit down to play chess - with a friend, with a child, or just with a computer program. But to play successfully, you need to at least take something else into account.

First, always think: why did the enemy go this way or that way? What is he up to? If you figure out his plan, you will most likely be able to find protection.

Secondly, try to develop your plan. For example, there is no point in simply putting “check” just to proudly pronounce this word if the opponent can easily defend against your single attack. But if you start attacking the enemy king with several pieces of your “army” at once, this will have a much greater effect.

Third, know the value of each piece. It’s stupid to “eat” someone else’s pawn only to immediately lose your queen. When exchanging pieces, take into account their conditional value: a knight and bishop are worth approximately three pawns, a rook - six, a queen - nine. The king, as you understand, is priceless.

Fourth, try to control the center of the board, at least the central four squares. The figures in the corners and on the edges are less agile, they are less involved in the game. This is why, by the way, don’t delay introducing significant pieces into the game - you won’t win the initiative with pawns alone!

Fifth, remember that “doubled” pawns (that is, standing on the same line after you have “eaten” an opponent’s piece with one of them) cannot protect each other. This is especially important at the end of the game.

Sixth, always think about the safety of the king! No matter how confident the position of your pieces on the board looks, all this will be useless if your king is under attack and cannot avoid it.

And most importantly - have fun!

The game of chess is inexhaustible, the number of moves in one game can be quite large, but not everyone knows how the pieces move in chess. For this reason, many amateur level players play chess by their own rules every day, without even realizing that they are doing it incorrectly.

In this case, you should figure out where chess came from, the name of the pieces, and how they move in this or that case. The huge number of moves tends to scare off newbies, although in reality there is absolutely nothing to be afraid of. Having delved into the game, all difficulties will instantly disappear, because all the variety of positions and all kinds of chess combinations are based on elementary movements of the pieces.

A Brief History of Chess

To date, the exact origin of chess is still unknown, although there are several good versions. One of them claims that the game originated in India more than two millennia ago. Historians who adhere to this version say that chess is the result of the development of other games that are similar to them. The game that many people use now became known only in the 15th century, and it also gained popularity in Europe.

Even though no one knows where this game came to us, we know the rules of chess, how the pieces move and how you can win by deception.

Purpose of the game

Surely many people know that the game requires a board with exactly 64 squares marked (alternating dark and light), and the players must take places opposite each other. The game of chess seems to us incomprehensible, but at the same time extremely simple. How the pieces move will be described below, but for now you need to familiarize yourself with the purpose of the game.

Each player has exactly 16 pieces:

• king;
• queen;
• 2 rooks;
• 2 elephants;
• 2 horses;
• 8 pawns.

The goal of chess is to checkmate the opponent's king. Checkmate is a situation when one of the kings is threatened in the form of an opponent's piece, that is, the king is already in check and cannot escape this position in any way.

Start

Before starting the game, you should set up the board so that both opponents have a light square in the lower right corner. Next, the figures are arranged in rows:

1. Rooks in the corners, knights nearby, then bishops. In the center there is a queen (on a cell of the same color as the figure itself) and a king is placed next to it on an empty cell.
2. The next row consists entirely of pawns.

The player who chose the light-colored pieces must go first. If a dispute arises over who will play what chess, you can toss a coin (“heads or tails”) or blindly choose one or another piece (what color it turns out to be, that’s what all the others will be).

Now we need to understand how the pieces move in chess. For beginners, this may seem difficult at first, although in fact there is nothing special about it.

How pieces move in chess

Each figure has its own trajectory of movement. To understand how pieces move in chess, you don’t need to rack your brains, since these rules are extremely simple and can be memorized very quickly.

You just need to understand the main points:

1. When making a move, some pieces do not pass through others.
2. You cannot go to a square occupied by your own piece.
3. Before making a move, you need to think about how and which piece to position in such a way that it defends its territory and can capture the opponent’s piece in this or the next move.

King

Now we should consider each of the figures separately. For a successful game, it is not enough just to know the basic points about how pieces move in chess. For children and adults, the most interesting figure is the king. He is at the same time the most important, but also the weakest. He has the ability to move exclusively one cell, but in absolutely any direction, including diagonally. In addition, he cannot stand on a square that is already in check, that is, where he will be immediately captured by an opponent’s piece.

Queen

People of any age can be interested in chess. Not everyone knows what the figures are called and how they walk. It is worth noting that only those people who have experience playing chess are familiar with the name of this figure. The rest call the queen queen.

The queen is the strongest and most powerful piece. He, like the king, can move in any direction. Unlike the previous piece, it has the ability to move any number of cells, but without jumping over other pieces.

Rook

The question of how pieces move in chess, and especially the strongest ones, is quite popular not only among beginners, but also among amateurs. The rook is a unique piece that combines the capabilities of both the king and the queen. That is, she can move any number of cells, but only vertically or horizontally. In addition, the rook can easily take part in castling along with the king.

Elephant

The bishop belongs to the category of light pieces and can move any number of cells, but only diagonally. It is worth noting that at the very beginning of the game, one elephant occupies a dark square, and the second - a light one. During the entire game, they cannot change the original color in any way, so each player has two pieces that can go diagonally and capture the opponent’s piece on both a dark and light square. Both bishops should always work together and cover each other's weaknesses.

Horse

The only, and therefore unique, combat unit of chess is the knight. Only he has the ability to jump over the other pieces. He walks exclusively in the letter "G". That is, first it moves two cells horizontally or vertically, and then one cell, which is perpendicular to the original direction. Due to the fact that the knight has the ability to jump over other pieces, it can make a check to the king, from which he is not able to defend himself.

Pawn

Many people probably know which pieces go first in chess. But how exactly they walk is a more complicated question. A rather unusual piece - a pawn - can only move forward one square and only diagonally. On the very first move, the pawn can move a couple of squares forward. Under no circumstances can she go backwards. If any piece is located directly in front of it, then the pawn has no opportunity to either capture it or make a move until the space in front becomes free.

Transformation

At first glance, the pawn seems to be an unnecessary piece, since it is too weak. But it has one interesting feature that only experienced players know about. It lies in the fact that if a pawn goes all the way to the opposite side, it becomes any other piece (this phenomenon is called “pawn promotion”). Only this piece can do this and, as a rule, it is turned into a queen. There is also a misconception that it can only transform into one of the previously taken figures, but in reality this is not the case.

Taking on the pass

Another rule that concerns only pawns is called “en passant capture.” It lies in the fact that if a pawn made the first move two squares and stood side by side with the opponent’s pawn, then the second has the opportunity to “eat” the first, that is, to take on the pass, which is where the name comes from. This situation can only be used during the next move, that is, immediately after the pawn moves two squares. If the opportunity was missed, then in subsequent moves it will be impossible to capture the piece.

Castling

An equally important rule, called “castling,” is to carry out two important actions in one move. The first is to secure the king, and the second is to remove the rook from the corner, thereby launching it into the game. When castling, the player has the opportunity to move his own king a couple of squares to the right or left side, as well as move the rook from the corner to the square next to the king (on the opposite side). But there are several conditions under which castling is permitted:

• Before this, the king had not made a single move;
• the corresponding rook also never moved;
• there are no other pieces between the king and the rook;
• the king is not in check at this time.

In the direction of the king's side, the king himself is located closer to the edge of the chessboard, which is called "short castling", and the opposite ("long castling") will be the same action, but across the entire field to the place where the queen was previously located. But with any of these options, the king can only move a couple of squares.

Checkmate

As already mentioned, the main task of the players is to checkmate the opponent’s king. This will be the end of the game when the main piece is under threat of check and has no way to escape it. But there are still several methods by which you can escape the check:

• move to another square (except for the castling method);
• close with another figure;
• capture the piece that put the check.

If there are no such possibilities, then the king is checkmated and the game ends. As a rule, the king is not removed from the board, as is done with captured pieces, but the game is simply declared over.

Draw

Very often the game ends in a draw. There are five reasons for this:

• lack of pieces on the board for checkmate;
• 50 moves have already been made, and during this time none of the opponents moved a pawn or was able to capture a single piece;
• the usual agreement of both players to a draw;
• the occurrence of a stalemate, that is, some player does not have the opportunity to make a move;
• if the same position is observed on the board for the third time (not in a row).

In most cases, when a draw is declared, the players by common consent begin the game again.

If you don't know how to have a fun evening with the whole family, try playing chess. You don't need a high IQ to master this age-old intellectual game. It is important to learn the basic rules of chess - and with some effort, you will soon be able to come up with new combinations of moves just as well as experienced players.

Basics of the game for beginners

The chessboard includes 64 squares, where white fields alternate with dark ones. Horizontal lines are numbered from one to eight, and vertical rows are designated by Latin letters a through h. Each field of the board is assigned its own coordinates, formed from the name of the vertical stripe and the number of the horizontal stripe on the board, for example, a7, f5, etc.

Before starting a game, you should not only learn the rules of the game and understand how to play chess, but also correctly place the board. It is placed so that each participant has a white corner field on the right side. There are two players: one controls white pieces, and the second controls dark (black) pieces. All pieces have their own unique names: king, queen (queen), bishops (officers), rooks (rounds), knights and pawns. The game involves one king (designation when writing K) and a queen (F), two knights (K), two rooks (R), two bishops (C) and eight pawns (p) on each side - a total of 16 pieces.

Rules of playing chess for beginners and children: simple about complex things

Initially, all the pieces are placed on the board as shown below.

They all walk in a special way that is unique to them:

Execution of checkmate

Check is an attack of enemy pieces on the king. In this situation, knowing the rules of the game is very important in order to understand how to learn to play chess. You will not be able to make a move with a piece other than the king until you take it out of check. With the help of the black bishop, you can easily create a check situation for the white king, as well as vice versa: the white officer threatens the black king.

In the following pictures, the black pieces are in check, but they defend against it by moving the bishop to c5.

Checkmate is a check that cannot be neutralized. An announced checkmate is considered a win. Classic version: the queen attacks the king, who has no escape route. The king is also unable to remove the queen from the board, since she is protected by the white king.

Checkmate can also be achieved using the rook: Black's key piece is prevented from escaping from the attack by the black pawns f7, g7 and h7.

List of literature on learning to play chess:

1. Levenfish G. Ya. “The Book of a Beginner Chess Player” (1957).
2. Rokhlin Y. G. “Chess” (1959).
3. Podgaets O. A. “Walks through white and black fields” (2006).
4. Volokitin A., Grabinsky V. “Self-instruction manual for child prodigies” (2009).
5. Yudovich M. M. “Entertaining chess” (1966).
6. Euwe M. “Textbook of Chess” (2003).
7. Halas F. “Adventures in the Chess Kingdom” (2016).
8. Kalinichenko N. M. “Lessons of chess tactics for young champions” (2016).
9. Trofimova A. S. “Secrets of mastery for young chess players” (2016).
10. Chandler M. “Chess for children. Checkmate dad!” (2015).

We also invite you to familiarize yourself with the rules of the game and

Articles on this topic:

Chess is played on a 64-square board: 8 horizontal rows, numbered, and 8 vertical rows, designated in Latin letters from A to H. The fields of the chessboard are divided into black and white, they are painted in dark or light colors, respectively. Each field has its own address - the intersection of a vertical letter and a horizontal number. The board is positioned between the players so that the dark corner square is to the left of the player, for example, square A1 for white, square H8 for black.

Rules of the game of chess. , their initial position

Two people play chess, each has a starting set of 16 pieces, one has a light color - white, the other has a dark color - black. At the beginning of the game, the chess player has the following pieces: king, queen, 2 bishops, 2 knights, 2 rooks and 8 pawns. The player playing white places his pieces on the first two horizontal lines, the black ones are located on the 7th and 8th horizontal lines.

I will describe how to place the pieces using White as an example: you place your 8 pawns on the second rank, the rooks in the corners, next to them are the knights, behind them are the bishops, and in the center of the first rank are the queen and the king. In order not to confuse which central squares of the first line the queen and the king are located on, there is a rule - the queen loves her color, that is, if you play with white, then the queen goes to the white square D1, if with black, then to the black - D8.

Chessmen. From left to right - King - Queen - Bishop - Knight - Rook - Pawn

Rules of the game of chess. Moves

A move is the movement of one's piece from the field where it stands to another free field or a field occupied by an opponent's piece. In the second case, someone else’s piece is removed from the board, one’s own piece is put in its place, and this action is called capturing, or simply “eaten a piece.” You cannot go to the fields where your own figure stands. Pieces, with the exception of the knight, cannot jump over their own or others. Each figure moves according to its own specific rules.

So, how do the figures move:

— Pawn moves only forward, if this is her first move, then she can move two squares, in the future she can only move 1 square. The pawn eats on 1 square diagonally, obliquely forward.

Move with a pawn, next move - capture someone else's pawn

A pawn has the opportunity to eat someone else's pawn if, on its first move, the opponent's pawn passes a square, stopping on which it could have been eaten - this is called an en passant capture. When capturing en passant, someone else's pawn is removed from the board, and yours is placed on the square where the pawn could have been eaten.

Move with a pawn, and the next move - capture on the aisle

If the pawn reaches the last rank (for white it is the eighth, for black it is the first), then it is transformed into any other piece, with the exception of the king, at the request of the player. For example, your pawn reaches the end, you remove it from the board and place a queen on the same square.

— Rook moves to any field vertically or horizontally (left - right, top - down).

— Elephant moves to any square diagonally, and if the bishop initially stood on a white square, then it is called a light-squared bishop and it moves only along the light squares of the diagonals. Likewise with the dark-squared bishop.

— Queen- the strongest piece in chess, can move to any square vertically, horizontally and diagonally.

— King- can only walk 1 square in any direction.

But he cannot move to broken squares - these are squares on which your piece can be eaten by your opponent’s next move.

The king has a special move in interaction with the rook, it is called castling. If the king has not moved since the beginning of the game, then he can castle with the rook. The king moves 2 squares to the side, and the rook stands next to it.

Short castling
Long castling

— Horse moves with the Russian capital letter “G” in any direction, that is, two squares vertically and one horizontally or two horizontally and one vertically. The knight is the only chess piece that can jump over both its own and other people's pieces.

Rules of the game of chess. Goal, win or draw

The chess players take turns making moves, with White making the first move. The game of chess continues until a victory or a draw. You win if you checkmate your opponent. To better understand what checkmate is, let's start by looking at the concept of check.

Shah- this is a move after which the enemy king finds himself on the square you beat, that is, under the threat of being eaten. Such a move means giving (declaring) check to the king. The king who is in check must eliminate the check with his next move, for example, move to another square or defend against the check with his piece or eat the piece that gives the check.

Check with bishop

Mat- this is when the king is in check and cannot eliminate this check, that is, the player who made an irresistible check checkmated his opponent.

White checkmate

The game ends in a draw if there is no way to checkmate, for example, one has only a king left, and the other has a king and a bishop or a king and a knight. It is impossible to checkmate with just one knight or bishop, so a draw is recorded. If one of the players puts Pat, then this is also considered a draw.

White makes an erroneous move and it turns out to be a draw, since there is a Pat on the board.

Pat- this is when a position appears on the board in which the opponent cannot make a move. A stalemate is similar to a checkmate, with a very important exception; a checkmate involves a check, while a stalemate does not.

The most common misconceptions regarding the rules of chess can be found.

Chess is an exciting board game that has a long history.

Before you learn to play chess, you need to find out what benefits this game can have for a person.

Chess is not for you Dota» and not " World of Tanks» , where you need to sit relaxed and not think, chess is a board game that requires mental thought.

Most of us have seen this game, but few of us were interested in how to play it and what is the benefit of it.

The board game itself has LONG ago lost its popularity among young people, and it is difficult to attract children and teenagers to this type of entertainment, especially in the era of computer games.

In our opinion, some young people can be attracted to this game by explaining to them the benefits of chess for the brain.

So, what does chess develop in children and adults?

1. Chess develops logical thinking;
2. Chess develops intelligence.

1. Chess develops logical thinking

Chess develops logic, since during the game you can find a better solution for certain actions in the future. You, unlike others, will learn to be able to calculate all your further actions 7-8 steps ahead.

Logical thinking will allow you to find a cause-and-effect relationship in everything and find the essence of things. All this will help you to be far-sighted and pragmatic in politics, economics and any other activity important to society.

2. Chess develops intelligence

A board game allows you to focus very clearly on certain things, this skill is very useful for any job and task.

Any action forces the player to remember his moves and the location of the pieces, and this process develops memory, which is necessary for successful people.

Learning to play chess

Some readers probably already have the motivation to learn how to quickly and well learn to play chess from scratch? For such people we will try to teach chess.

You can learn to play chess in different ways, you can go to chess sections or you can learn to play on your own.

But, since you found this article, it is more profitable for you to learn how to play yourself and without spending money.

Rules of the game of chess

In a chess game, each player moves his piece one move at a time.

The player with white figures always starts first.

The goal of the game is to checkmate the enemy king.

Check is an attack on the king by any enemy piece.

Checkmate is an attack on the king in which the player cannot save the king from the attack.

Some chessboards have numbers vertically and letters horizontally opposite all the black and white squares.

These numbers and letters are used to make it easier for the figures to move around the playing field.

The board game involves TWO sides (players), each of which has:

• EIGHT pawns;
• TWO rooks (in the corners of the board);
• TWO knights (near the rook);
• TWO bishops (near the knights);
• ONE queen (in the center of the board);
• ONE king (in the center of the board).

All pieces have the ability to destroy enemy pieces in order to get to the king.

Let's go through each figure briefly.

Pawn - the simplest figure that can move on one field and only forward along the cells (vertically).

The pawn cannot move horizontally, backward, or jump over other pieces.

Rook - a figure that can move in straight lines forward, backward, left and right to absolutely any cellular distance.

The rook cannot jump over other pieces.

Horse - a specific figure that can move with the letter “G” in any direction.

The horse moves two squares forward or backward, as well as one square to the right or left.

This figure can jump over all other figures.

Elephant – walks along a diagonal plane to any side of the playing board.

Queen – a very powerful figure that can move almost anywhere.

The queen can move away from herself horizontally, vertically and diagonally (like the bishop and rook).

King – the main piece that moves in any direction to any adjacent field.

Nuances:

If any pawn reaches the extreme rank, then according to the rules, the pawn is transformed into another piece, but not into a king.

There is a special move in chess called castling, which involves the action of two pieces at the same time.

With the help of castling, the king piece can move towards the rook piece. The rook, in turn, can be transferred over the king and stand next to it.

According to the rules, players can castling only once.

Here is a short guide and methodology for teaching chess.

Win and teach.