The most demanded machine of Belarusian production, of course, is But in all countries of the post-Soviet space, the products that gave humanity the D-243 are highly valued - an engine that is distinguished by power, reliability, unpretentiousness and versatility.
Diesel engine D-243
D-243 - an engine that is a diesel power plant with an in-line arrangement of cylinders (a total of four cylinders are installed in the engine). To control the speed of the crankshaft, a mechanical governor is used. Cooling is traditionally liquid, naturally aspirated.
Most of the popularity due to its unpretentiousness deserved The engine is able to operate on low-quality fuel at ambient temperatures from +44 to -44 degrees Celsius.
The main purpose of power units is installation on tractors with a thrust class of 14-20 kN. Most often they are equipped with agricultural or industrial equipment, as well as forestry machines.
But often highly specialized machines (power plants of the AD series, PD diesel drives and pumping units) also include D-243 units. In this case, the engines must be provided with one condition - to operate in a territory with unlimited air exchange.
Specifications
Only in this case, the D-243 engine, the characteristics of which are presented below, realizes all its capabilities.
- The method of mixture formation is direct fuel injection.
- The number of working cylinders is four, in-line arrangement.
- The working volume of the cylinders is 4.75 liters.
- Operating power - 59.6 kW.
- The maximum torque is 258 N * m.
- Compression ratio - 16 units.
- Gross weight 430 kg.
At the same time, the crankshaft at idle can only rotate at a frequency of 2380 rpm, because it is limited by the regulator.
Performance indicators
In addition to technical characteristics, performance indicators characterize the D-243 installations. The engine during operation produces the following standards:
- fuel consumption when operating at 100% power and at a speed of 1500 rpm - 220 g / kWh;
- consumption of engine oil for "combustion" - 0.9 g / kWh; at 100% load - no more than 0.2 liters per hour;
- type of engine oil used - CI-4 class according to AR "I or E3-96, 4-99, 5-02 class according to AS" EA;
- type of antifreeze - low-freezing coolant "TC-40" or "TC-65".
The engines are started either by an electric starter or a pre-start power plant. In the latter case, the letter "L" is added to the name.
Depending on the purpose of the tractor on which the motor is installed, the unit can be equipped with additional equipment - pneumatic compressors, assemblies and other units. This must be taken into account when carrying out maintenance, and then the D-243 engine will not require repairs.
The history of the appearance of the D-243 diesel engine is inextricably linked with the legendary MTZ-80/82 tractor, the production of which began in 1974. Initially, the D-240 engine was installed on these machines. Later, it was replaced by a more advanced D-243, which to this day is the heart of the tractors of the Minsk Plant.
At present, this engine is the most massive in the territory of the former USSR. Diesel has become the basis for a number of modifications that differ in configuration and installed units, and therefore in performance.
Technical characteristics of the D-243 engine
The D-243 engine is a four-stroke diesel engine with a vertical, in-line arrangement of cylinders and fuel injection directly into the cylinders. The base model does not have a turbo boost.
Their main purpose is installation on agricultural tractors of class 1.4-2.0 t / s. As well as other machines for industrial, agricultural, logging purposes. Widely used on excavators, loaders, compressor stations and power generators.
It has the following characteristics:
- Cylinders in quantity - 4 pieces;
- The operating mode of the cylinders is 1-3-4-2;
- Cylinder diameter - 110 mm;
- Piston stroke - 125 mm;
- Engine displacement - 4.75 l;
- Power - 59.6 kW;
- The highest torque - 298 N * m;
- The smallest stable idle speed is 600 rpm;
- Rated idle speed - 2200 rpm;
- The highest idle speed is 2380 rpm;
- Estimated compression ratio - 16;
- Diesel consumption. fuel - 226 g / kWh;
- Oil consumption for the period of the guarantee, taking into account the replacement, does not exceed 1.1% of fuel consumption;
- Oil pressure at minimum engine speed - 0.08 MPa;
- Oil pressure at nominal engine speed - 0.25-0.35 MPa;
- Rotation - right;
- The weight of the dry/equipped diesel engine is 430/490 kg.
Diesel engines are operated in conditions from -45 to +40, in places where air exchange is not limited.
The main elements of the D-243 diesel
The design of the engine has a classic layout. It is based on a cast iron cylinder block. The cylinder head, also made of cast iron, with elements of the gas distribution mechanism. From below, the cylinder block closes the oil pan - crankcase.
D-243 engine block
Cylinder block- the basis of the diesel body. It is cast from cast iron and has four bores for mounting cylinder liners. There are two landing belts for installing sleeves in the bores of the block.
The sleeve is fixed with a shoulder in the upper landing belt. And its lower part is sealed with a pair of rubber rings installed in the grooves of the block. A space is formed between the sleeve and the cylinder block, with a circulating coolant.
The diameter value inside the sleeve is divided into three sizes: small, large and medium. They are marked respectively with the letters (M), (C) and (B), marking is applied at the bottom of the sleeve.
The tides in the end walls and the transverse and internal partitions of the block form the crankshaft bearings. Covers are installed on the tides, forming beds for mounting the main bearings. Each cover is individual. it is machined under a certain bed, therefore it is forbidden to replace it with covers from other beds.
Also in the block there are channels through which lubricant enters the main bearings and camshaft bearings. From the outside of the block there are machined planes that serve as fasteners for various equipment: injection pump, filters, water pump, and so on.
D-243 engine cylinder head
Cylinder head is a one-piece cast iron part that serves as the basis for the gas distribution mechanism and the fuel system. The cylinder head has channels for fresh air to enter the cylinders and exhaust gases to be removed. The channels are blocked by exhaust and intake valves.
Seats are mounted under the valve. To achieve complete tightness, each valve is individually lapped against the seat. Seats are made of high-strength and refractory alloy. To remove heat, the head has cavities with coolant circulating in them.
Rocker arms are located on top, a suction manifold and a cap hiding the valve mechanism. From the injection pump side, nozzles are fixed in the head. On the other side is the exhaust manifold.
The seal between the block and the head is an asbestos, steel-reinforced gasket. In the gasket, the holes for the sleeves as well as the lubrication channel are lined with steel shells.
The main mechanisms of the D-243 engine
There are two main mechanisms that ensure the operation of the engine. As well as the systems that serve these mechanisms, but we are not talking about them yet.
So - this is a crank mechanism and a gas distribution mechanism. The first provides the conversion of the reciprocating motion of the pistons into the work of the crankshaft, that is, its rotation. The second controls the valve timing.
The crank mechanism of the D-243 engine
Main elements:
- crankshaft;
- Pistons;
- connecting rods;
- Main and connecting rod bearings;
- Flywheel.
Let's look at these elements in more detail.
Crankshaft. The crankshaft is made of steel, the necks of the shaft are divided into main (5 pcs.) And connecting rod (4 pcs.). The connecting rod journals are equipped with cavities for additional centrifugal filtration of the lubricant.
To reduce the effect of inertial forces on the bearings, counterweights are placed on the 8th, 5th, 4th and 1st cheeks of the crankshaft.
Both ends of the shaft are sealed with cuffs. The gears of the oil pump drives and the gas distribution mechanism, as well as the generator and water pump pulleys, are attached to the front end of the shaft. On the other hand, it is attached, a flywheel is installed on the flange.
Piston, piston pin and rings. Piston material aluminum. The grooves in its upper part serve to install three compression rings and the 1st oil scraper.
Rings are made of cast iron. The first ring from the top is chrome-plated, has a rectangular cross-section, is inserted into the groove arbitrarily. The 2nd and 3rd rings have the shape of a cone, in the end part they have the mark "top". The 4th ring of the box-shaped structure is oil scraper, with an expander in the form of a steel spiral.
Piston bosses are drilled for mounting the piston pin. The finger is made of chromium-nickel steel. Retaining rings exclude the movement of the finger in the bosses along the axis.
By analogy with piston liners, there can be three sizes (B, C, M). Pistons and sleeves must match the size groups.
Connecting rod. Material steel, I-section shape. The connecting rod head in its upper part has a pressed bushing and holes for supplying oil to the piston pin.
The lower one has beds for installing bearing shells. The beds are bored together with the covers, which means that they cannot be interchanged. In order not to confuse the connecting rod with the cover, they are identically marked.
The cranks also vary in weight. All connecting rods installed in the engine must be included in the same weight group.
Main and connecting rod bearings. They are made from a bimetallic strip. On the D-243, depending on the diameter of the crankshaft journals, there are two sizes of liners. In addition, there are 4 repair sizes.
Flywheel. Cast iron material. Bolted to the crankshaft flange.
Gas distribution mechanism of the D-243 engine
Essential elements:
- Camshaft;
- Inlet and outlet valves;
- Rods;
- rocker;
- Sealing cuffs.
Distribution shaft.
Shaft drive from a timing gear mounted on the crankshaft. Three bushings serving as bearings for the shaft are pressed into the bores of the cylinder block. The first sleeve made of aluminum alloy with a collar that keeps the shaft from moving along the axis. The other two bushings are cast iron.
Pushers. The pushers themselves are made of steel. The working part of the pusher is spherical with hardfacing made of chilled cast iron.
barbells are made of a steel rod, and the cup and the spherical working part of the rod, which interacts with the pusher, are hardened.
Valve rockers.
The rocker arms swing on an axle that is attached to the cylinder head with four studs. The axis is hollow, has 8 channels for supplying lubricant to the rocker arms. Spacer springs exclude axial movement of the rocker arms.
Inlet and outlet valves. Heat-resistant steel is used for production. The valves move in guides pressed into the cylinder head. Two springs, internal and external, close each valve acting on the plate, which is fixed with crackers.
Cuffs are sealing. To prevent oil from entering the cylinders and the exhaust manifold, cuffs are installed for sealing through the gap in the valve guide.
Engine systems D-243
Consider the main systems that ensure the operation of the diesel engine, its components and mechanisms. Systems without which its work is not possible.
The performance of the engine depends on the smooth operation of each of the systems. Malfunctions in any of the presented systems can lead to malfunctions and failure of individual components, as well as a complete failure of the engine.
D-243 engine power system
Includes:
- High pressure fuel pump (TNVD);
- nozzles;
- Fine and coarse filter;
- Air cleaners and suction manifold.
injection pump.
The D-243 engine is equipped with a 4UTNI pump. All high-pressure fuel pumps work from the crankshaft, through distribution gears. Such pumps are equipped with an all-mode regulator, two control levers and a booster piston pump.
The regulator adjusts the supply of diesel. fuel. It also enriches the flow during start-up. The booster pump is located on the high-pressure fuel pump housing, the cam shaft serves as a drive for it by means of an eccentric.
The parts of the injection pump pump are lubricated through a special channel with oil from the main line of the engine lubrication system.
Nozzle. It injects solarium into the cylinder, and also clearly controls its beginning and end. Sprayers for nozzles on D-243 diesel engines are used with five holes.
Fuel filters, fine and coarse cleaning. Coarse cleaning is a preliminary filtration of fuel from water of various large inclusions and impurities. The filter consists of a glass with a built-in dampener, a reflector with a filter mesh, a diffuser. Sludge from the filter is removed by opening the plug in the bottom of the filter housing.
The fine filter is designed for final cleaning of diesel fuel. Filtration takes place with the help of a replaceable paper element. The sediment from the filter is removed through the stopper in the bottom of the glass, and the air is removed through the stopper at the top of the filter.
Air cleaners and suction manifold. The air is cleaned in two stages: centrifugal air cleaning (dry) and an oily dust trap with three shielded nylon elements.
Engine lubrication system D-243
The lubrication system on the D-243 is combined. Lubrication is supplied under pressure to the crankshaft and camshaft bearings, bushings of the intermediate gear and drive gear of the high-pressure fuel pump, and the valve drive. The oil spray method lubricates the parts of the crank mechanism (except for the crankshaft bearings) and such elements of the gas distribution mechanism as camshaft cams, rods, pushers.
Oil pump.
in system gear, one-section. Attached to the 1st main bearing cap with bolts. Through the branch pipe and channels in the block, the oil enters the centrifuge, where heavy impurities and wear products are removed. After the centrifuge, the oil is cooled in the radiator, and then into the engine line.
The centrifuge housing contains drain, pressure reducing and safety valves. At cold start, in order to avoid overpressure, pressure reducing valve lets oil directly into the line, bypassing the radiator.
Safety valve maintains pressure in front of the centrifuge 0.8 MPa. With excess pressure, part of the oil is discharged into the crankcase without cleaning.
drain valve regulates the pressure in the system at the level of 0.25-0.35 MPa. If this value is exceeded, excess oil is discharged into the crankcase.
Engine cooling system D-243
Liquid cooling, forced circulation, from a centrifugal pump. Temperature control is carried out remotely, using a sensor mounted in the cylinder head. The temperature of the liquid in the system should not go beyond 85-95 degrees.
Electrical equipment of the D-243 engine
The D-243 diesel engine is equipped with generators for 1 kW with a power and a voltage of 14 or 28 volts. It works in parallel with the battery, recharging it during operation, and also feeds all consumers of electricity on a tractor or other equipment.
An electric starter is used to start the engine.
It is a DC motor. The starter is started remotely, using a switch and an electromagnetic relay.
Possible malfunctions of the D-243 engine
The engine does not start.
The fuel system is aired. Bleed the system with a booster piston pump installed on the injection pump. Check the system for leaks.
The fuel pump is faulty. Repair or replacement of injection pump.
Diesel does not develop power.
The pump control lever does not reach the end. The injection pump control lever needs adjustment.
The fine filter is clogged. Change filter element.
The injectors are not correct. Find non-working nozzles, rinse, or rather install new nozzles.
The fuel feed advance angle is off. Adjust to desired value.
The air cleaner is clogged.
Unstable idle speed.
Air has entered the fuel system. Bleed the system, check for leaks.
The idle spring adjustment in the pump has gone astray. The spring needs to be adjusted.
Diesel smokes a lot.
The air cleaner is clogged. Perform air cleaner maintenance.
The nozzle needle is stuck. Find the failed nozzle, replace the atomizer, adjust the nozzle.
The fuel pump is faulty. Repair or replacement of injection pump.
Diesel temperature is below normal.
Water got into the fuel. Replace diesel fuel.
The adjustment of the thermal clearance in the valves has gone astray. Check and, if necessary, adjust the thermal clearance in the valves and rocker arms.
The fuel supply setting is off. Set to the desired lead angle.
Too much oil in the engine. Remove excess oil, set the level to the upper mark on the dipstick.
Engine overheating.
Coolant boils in the radiator. Clean the radiator grill from dirt. Remove scale from the system. Check fan belt tension.
On a warm engine, oil pressure is low.
The pressure sensor has failed. Replace if necessary.
The tightness of the oil pipeline is broken. Check the oil line for leaks. If found, fix the leak.
Oil pump failure. Find fault, repair.
The oil in the crankcase is below the minimum level. Check the level, top up if necessary.
Malfunctioning drain valve, possible jamming. Flush the valve, adjust the pressure in the system.
Large bearing wear in the crankshaft journal. Carry out defecation, if necessary, grind the crankshaft journals, replace the liners.
Diesel D-243 from the Minsk Motor Plant is considered one of the most popular engines. Since 1974, the production of popular MTZ-80/82 tractors began, which are still being created today. Over time, diesel engines began to be used for vehicles, representing the main power unit of Belarusian tractors. The high technical characteristics of the D-243 engine became a prerequisite for the production of a whole line of engines with different configurations.
Scope of devices
The motor is easy to operate, unpretentious, does not cause difficulties in maintenance. Due to the versatility and advantages, the engines have been widely used. Currently, they are installed in the following types of machines:
- Tractor TTZ-80.10 from the Tashkent plant;
- Tractors MTZ 80/82 and modern modifications;
- Loader TO-18B JSC of Belarusian production;
- Excavator EO-3323A from the Tver plant;
- Diesel power plants AD-12/16/20/30.
Such a modification has the same scope as other varieties of this diesel engine.
Technical equipment of the diesel unit
The engine is equipped with 4 cycles. The cylinders are arranged vertically, in a row, and the fuel is injected directly into them. Technical characteristics of MMZ D-243 are presented in the table.
| Characteristics | Indicators |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Cylinder start order | 1 – 3 – 4 – 2 |
| Cylinder diameter | 11 cm |
| Distance between low and high piston positions | 12.5 cm |
| Engine power | 59.6 kW |
| Working volume | 4.75 l |
| Minimum number of revolutions | 600 rotations per minute |
| Most Spins | 2380 rpm |
| Fuel consumption | 226 g/kWh |
| Oil consumption during warranty service | Is 1.1% in relation to fuel |
| Rotation | Right |
| Dry loaded motor weight | 430 - 490 kg |
The use of the MMZ D-243 diesel engine is relevant in places with a temperature of -45 - +40 and full ventilation.
Components of a diesel engine
The D-243 design has traditional equipment. The base is represented by a block of cylinders made of cast iron. The block head and elements of the gas distribution system are made from the same material.
cylinder block
Represents the basic design of the device. It is made of cast iron and has 4 holes for fixing the cylinders. Installation is carried out using sleeves that are fixed in the upper landing belt. The lower part of the elements is mounted with special rubber rings. Between the cylinder block and the sleeve there is a free space in which the coolant moves.
The block has channels for supplying lubricant to the bearings. On the outside of the device there are planes designed to fix various devices: a water pump, filters, and others.
Diesel gear head
It is an integral element of the D-243 diesel engine, cast from cast iron. The part ensures the full functioning of the fuel and gas distribution system. The head has channels that provide fresh air and exhaust gases. The openings are closed with special valves.
In the upper part there are rocker arms, a cap that closes the valves, and a suction manifold. Next to the injection pump are the injectors. On the opposite side is the exhaust manifold.
Diesel main mechanisms
To ensure the normal operation of the D-243 engine, two elements are needed.
The crank mechanism of the motor includes the following parts:
- Crankshaft. Made of steel, sealed with cuffs on both sides. Oil pump drives, alternator pulley and other parts are attached to the shaft.
- Pistons. Made from aluminium. There are grooves on the pistons, in which 3 compression rings and 1 oil scraper are mounted.
- Connecting rods. Steel parts, on the head of which there is a pressed bushing and channels for oil to enter the pistons.
- Main and connecting rod bearings. For the D-243 diesel engine, liners with two different sizes are selected.
- Flywheel. Cast iron element that is fixed on the crankshaft flange.
The gas distribution mechanism consists of the following parts:
- Camshaft. Mounted on the crankshaft, has 3 bushings that act as bearings.
- Pushers. Steel elements with working part made of chilled cast iron.
- Rods. interact with pushers. Steel rods are used in their production.
- Valve rockers. In the gas distribution mechanism of a diesel engine, they swing on the axis and are fixed on the cylinders with 4 pins.
- Exhaust and intake valves. Made of heat-resistant steel, closed with springs.
- Sealing cuffs. Prevent oil from entering the exhaust manifold and cylinders.
Main engine systems
Due to 3 main systems, the diesel engine MMZ D-243 carries out its work. The performance of the motor depends on each of them.
Nutrition
Consists of several components:
- Fuel pump (TNVD). It operates from the crankshaft with the help of timing gears, equipped with a pair of levers and an all-mode regulator.
- Nozzle. Injects diesel fuel into the cylinder. The nozzles have 5 holes.
- Fuel filters. Coarse and fine cleaning of fuel is carried out.
- Air cleaners. Air is purified by centrifugal force and an oil dust collector.
Lubrication system
The diesel engine uses a combined lubrication system. Lubricant is supplied to the engine parts under pressure. With the help of spraying, the elements of the crank mechanism and other systems are lubricated.
The D-243 uses a gear oil pump with one section. It is bolted to the front main bearing cap. Optimal pressure indicators are maintained by a safety valve. The drain valve regulates pressure by dumping excess oil into the crankcase.
Cooling system
The diesel engine is cooled by force, using a centrifugal pump. The optimum temperature is adjusted remotely using a special sensor built into the cylinder head.
Normal temperatures are 85 - 95 degrees.
The D-243 diesel engine is a powerful productive equipment that is installed in modern tractors, loaders, excavators. Before starting work, a new engine must be run-in, first at idle (5 minutes), then with a load that gradually increases (30 hours). During operation, it is important not to overload the engine. Maintenance is carried out in accordance with the regulations.
Engine MMZ D-243
Characteristics of D-243
| Production | MMZ |
| Engine brand | D243 |
| Release years | 1974-present |
| Block material | cast iron |
| engine's type | diesel |
| Configuration | in-line |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Valves per cylinder | 2 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 125 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 110 |
| Compression ratio | 16 |
| Engine volume, cc | 4750 |
| Engine power, hp / rpm | 60/2200 81/2200 83/2200 |
| Torque, Nm/rpm | 274/- 298/1600 298/1600 |
| Environmental regulations | Euro 0 Euro 1 |
| Turbocharger | — |
| Engine weight, kg | 430 (D243) |
| Fuel consumption, l/h (for GS-10.01) | 8.8 |
| Oil consumption, % of fuel consumption, up to | 1.1 |
| Engine oil |
5W-40 15W-40 |
| How much oil is in the engine, l | 12 |
| Oil change is carried out, hours | 500 |
| Dimensions, mm: - length - width - height |
1003 676 1223 |
| Engine resource, hours - according to the plant - on practice |
8 000 — |
| Tuning, HP — potential - no loss of resource |
100+ — |
| The engine was installed | MTZ-80, 82, 892, 952 MTZ MT-353, MP-403, MGL-363, MMP-393, MPL-373 TTZ-80 Belarus-90, 820, 821, 900 EC-12, EC-14 EO-3323 VP-05-04 Loaders 41008 Zlata, 40810, 41015, 41306 AD30, AD60 ADD-4004 ED30 DU-98, 100 MZ Arsenal Amkodor-6641, 6622 |
Reliability, problems and repair of MMZ D-243
The production of the D243 diesel engine at a plant in Minsk began in 1974, and it was an in-line 4-cylinder engine. Here, a cast iron cylinder block with wet cast iron liners is used, inside this block there is a steel crankshaft with a piston stroke of 125 mm, with main journals of 75.25 mm and with crankpins of 68.25 mm. Steel connecting rods 230 mm long, aluminum pistons 110 mm in diameter with piston pins 38 mm in diameter. This provides a working volume of 4.75 liters.
The oil pressure at MMZ D-243 should be in the range of 2.5-3.5 kgf / cm 2.
On top of the block is a cast iron head with 2 valves per cylinder. The diameter of the intake valves is 48 mm, and the exhaust valves are 42 mm, the thickness of the legs is 11 mm. This is a lower motor, respectively, the camshaft is located in the block and sets the valves in motion through pushers, rods and rocker arms.
Valves should be checked and adjusted every 500 hours of operation. Valve clearances are as follows: inlet and outlet - 0.25 mm. The order of adjustment of the valves is the same as the order of operation - 1-3-4-2.
For these engines there is a 4UTNI fuel pump.
On the basis of the 243rd, the famous D-245 turbodiesel was created.
Modifications of D-243 and their differences
1. D-243 - the usual version with a power of 81 hp.
2. D-243L - the same D-243, but with a different exhaust manifold.
3. D-243.1 - 83 hp engine.
3. D-243.2 - version for mining vehicles with a capacity of 60 hp.
Malfunctions D-243
This is a simple naturally aspirated engine with additional electronics and, accordingly, it does not have many of the problems inherent in D-245 turbocharged diesel engines. In any case, age takes its toll and if you have problems with smoke, as well as with other joys, then the reasons for their occurrence are painted.
Tuning engines D-243
Turbine installation
You can convert your atmospheric 243rd into a turbocharged D-245, thereby adding a little power to it. To implement this, you need a TKR 6 turbine from the 245th, an exhaust manifold for it from the D-245, make oil supply and oil drain, set up your high-pressure fuel pump and everything will work on standard pistons. For this, ready-made turbine installation kits are sold for quite normal money.
You cannot get a full-fledged D-245 in this way (the block, crankshaft and pistons are different), but you will add power to the motor.
The D-243 engine fuel supply system, in accordance with Figure 1, consists of a fuel pump, injectors, low and high pressure pipelines, an air cleaner, intake and exhaust manifolds, coarse and fine fuel filters, a fuel tank mounted on an MTZ-82 tractor .
Rice. 1 - Fuel supply scheme for the D-243 engine of the MTZ-82 tractor
1 - fuel tank; 2 - coarse fuel filter; 3 - fuel pipes; 4 - fuel pump; 5 - high pressure fuel pipe; 6 - fuel fine filter; 7 - air cleaner; 8 - coarse air filter; 9 - electric torch heater; 10 - intake manifold; 11 - muffler; 12 - exhaust manifold; 13 - nozzle.
High pressure fuel pump TNVD D-243
A 4UTNI high-pressure fuel pump is installed on the D-243 diesel engine and its modifications. All models of pumps are driven from the diesel crankshaft through timing gears. Fuel pumps D-243 of the MTZ-82 tractor have an all-mode regulator and a piston-type booster pump, two control levers.
The high-pressure fuel pump regulator contains a fuel supply corrector, an automatic fuel supply enricher (at starting speeds), and the 4UTNI-T fuel pump, in addition, has a pneumatic smoke limiter (pneumatic corrector).
The booster pump is mounted on the high pressure pump housing and is driven by a camshaft eccentric. The working parts of the high-pressure fuel pumps of the D-243 engine are lubricated with running oil coming from the diesel lubrication system into the pump housing through a special hole in the flange.
Drainage of oil from the pump housing into the diesel crankcase is carried out by special drilling in the flange. When installing a new or repaired pump on a diesel engine, it is necessary to fill it with 200 ... 250 cm3 of oil used for diesel lubrication through the oil filler hole on the regulator cover.
Checking injection pump D-243 4UTNI and 4UTNI-T
Perform a check after 2000 hours of operation of the D-243 diesel engine.
Adjustment of high pressure fuel pump D-243 of the MTZ-82 tractor
1 - speed adjusting screw; 1a - adjusting screw for minimum idle speed; 2 - nominal bolt (emphasis); 3 - gear crown; 4 - coupling screw; 5 - rotary sleeve; 6 - pusher adjusting bolt with locknut.
Adjust the speed of the high-pressure fuel pump D-243 with an adjusting screw screwed into the boss of the regulator body in accordance with Figure 1(a). The screw limits the movement of the fuel control lever. The adjusting screw is fixed with a lock nut and sealed. To increase the speed, unscrew the adjusting screw 1 in accordance with Figure 1(a), to decrease it, screw it in.
The hourly output of the high-pressure fuel pump high-pressure fuel pump D-243 (4UTNI) is regulated by a nominal 2 bolt screwed into the rear wall of the regulator, in accordance with Figure 1 (a). When the bolt is screwed in, the pump performance increases, when it is turned out, it decreases. To adjust the minimum idle speed, use the adjusting screw 1a in accordance with Figure 1(a).
Turning the screw in increases the minimum idle speed. Regulate the uniformity of fuel supply and the performance of each section of the fuel pump high pressure fuel pump 4UTNI by moving the rotary sleeve, and, consequently, the plunger relative to the gear ring 3, in accordance with Figure 1(b), with the coupler screw 4 loosened.
When the rotary bushing 5 is turned to the left, the fuel supply by the section increases, when the bushing is turned to the right, it decreases. Adjust the angle of the start of fuel supply with the adjusting bolt of the pusher 6. When the bolt is screwed in, the angle of the start of supply decreases, and when turned out, it increases.
Nozzle D-243
The nozzle of the D-243 engine of the MTZ-82 tractor is designed to inject fuel into the diesel cylinder. It provides the necessary fuel atomization and limits the start and end of the feed. On diesel engines, an injector with a five-hole closed-type atomizer 171.1112010-02 (ZAO AZPI) is used. Nozzle 171.1112010-02 and sprayer (AZPI) are marked - "171-02". The marking is applied to the nozzle body and to the atomizer body.
Fuel filters of the D-243 engine
The D-243 diesel coarse fuel filter is used for preliminary fuel purification from mechanical impurities and water. The coarse filter consists of a body, a reflector with a grid, a diffuser, a glass with a damper. The sludge is drained from the filter through the hole in the bottom of the glass, closed with a stopper.
The fuel fine filter of the D-243 engine is used for final fuel purification. The fine filter has a replaceable paper element. Fuel, passing through the curtains of the paper filter element, is cleaned of mechanical impurities. In the lower part of the filter housing there is a hole with a stopper for draining the sludge. To remove air from the power system, a special plug is located on the filter cover.
Air cleaner and intake tract of the D-243 engine. The air cleaner is used to clean the air sucked into the cylinders. Combined diesel air cleaner: dry centrifugal cleaning and oil dust collector with a wet nylon filter. In the air cleaner housing there are three filter elements made of nylon bristles of different diameters.
On all diesel engines with an electric starter start, an electric torch heater is installed in the intake manifold, which serves to heat the air sucked into the cylinders in order to facilitate starting the diesel engine at low ambient temperatures.
Turbocharger of the D-243 engine. The principle of operation of the turbocharger is that the exhaust gases from the diesel cylinders under pressure enter through the exhaust manifold into the scroll channels of the turbine. Expanding, the gases rotate the rotor, the compressor wheel of which sucks air through the air cleaner and supplies it under pressure to the engine cylinders.
Maintenance of the D-243 power supply system of the MTZ-82 tractor
Checking and adjusting the fuel injection advance setting angle
If it is difficult to start the D-243 diesel engine, smoky exhaust, as well as when replacing and installing the fuel pump, after checking at the stand after 2000 hours of operation or repair, be sure to check the fuel injection advance setting angle on the diesel engine.
Check the fuel injection advance angle for the MTZ-82 tractor engine in the following sequence:
Set the regulator control lever to the position corresponding to the maximum fuel supply;
- disconnect the high pressure pipe from the fitting of the first section of the pump and instead connect a meniscus to set the fuel injection advance angle (momentoscope);
- turn the diesel crankshaft with a wrench clockwise until a fuel momentoscope appears from the glass tube without air bubbles;
- remove part of the fuel from the glass tube by shaking it;
- turn the crankshaft in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) by 30-40°;
- slowly rotating the diesel crankshaft clockwise, monitor the fuel level in the tube, at the moment the fuel starts to rise, stop the crankshaft rotation;
- unscrew the latch from the threaded hole of the rear sheet and insert it with the reverse side into the same hole until it stops in the flywheel, while the latch must coincide with the hole in the flywheel. This means that the piston of the first cylinder is set to the position corresponding to: - 20 ° to TDC.
Drive of the fuel pump TNVD D-243 of the MTZ-82 tractor
1 - manhole cover; 2 - nut; 3 - hairpin; 4 - special nut; 5 - flange; 6 – a gear wheel of a drive of the fuel pump
If the latch does not fit into the flywheel hole or is skewed, adjust, for which do the following:
Remove the manhole cover 1;
- insert the latch into the hole in the flywheel without distortions, turning the crankshaft in one direction or another;
- loosen by 1...1.5 turns the nuts 2 fastening the fuel pump drive gear 6;
- remove part of the fuel from the glass tube of the momentoscope, if any;
- using a wrench, turn the fuel pump shaft by the special nut 4 in one direction and the other within the grooves located on the end surface of the fuel pump drive gear 6 until the glass tube of the momentoscope is filled with fuel;
- set the fuel pump roller to the extreme (counterclockwise) position within the grooves;
- remove part of the fuel from the glass tube;
- slowly turn the fuel pump roller clockwise until the fuel begins to rise in the glass tube;
- at the moment when the fuel starts to rise in the glass tube, stop the rotation of the roller and tighten the gear fastening nuts;
- re-check the moment of fuel supply start;
- Disconnect the momentoscope and replace the high pressure tube and manhole cover.
- screw the latch into the hole in the back sheet.
Checking D-243 injectors for injection start pressure and fuel spray quality
Check the nozzles of the D-243 engine after 2000 hours of operation. The nozzle is considered to be serviceable if it atomizes the fuel in the form of a mist from all five holes of the atomizer, without separate droplets flying out, continuous jets and thickenings.
The beginning and end of the injection must be clear, the appearance of drops on the toe of the sprayer is not allowed.
Check the quality of the spray at a frequency of 60-80 injections per minute. Adjust the D-243 injectors to an injection pressure of 22.0-22.8 MPa.
In case of poor atomization of fuel, clean the atomizer from carbon deposits, for which disassemble the nozzle. Unscrew the cap, loosen the lock nut and unscrew the adjusting screw 2-3 turns (thereby loosening the spring), then unscrew the atomizer nut and remove the atomizer. Any other disassembly procedure may break the sprayer centering pins.
Clean the nozzle nozzle of the D-243 engine from carbon deposits with a wooden scraper, clean the nozzle holes with a pencil case for cleaning the nozzle holes of nozzle nozzles, or with a string with a diameter of 0.3 mm. If the holes are not cleaned, put the sprayer in a bath of gasoline for 10-15 minutes, then clean them again. Flush the atomizer in clean gasoline and then in diesel fuel.
If the atomizer cannot be restored by washing, it must be replaced with a new one. Before installation in the nozzle, depreserve new atomizers by washing in gasoline or heated diesel fuel. Assemble the nozzle in the reverse order of disassembly. Adjust the pressure of the start of fuel injection with the adjusting screw.
Lock the adjusting screw by tightening the lock nut and screw the cap onto the nozzle. Install nozzles on diesel D-243. Tighten the injector mounting bolts evenly in 2-3 steps. Final tightening torque 20...25 Nm.
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