Literature lesson in grade 10 based on N.V. Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospekt"

Topic: Truth and lies, reality and fantasy in N.V. Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospekt"

Technology:problem learning

Target: show students how in Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospekt" the image of a ghostly, deceptive city, alien to a dreamy person, is drawn; find out the essence of the opposition between the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov.

Tasks:

Educational: to acquaint students with the peculiarities of the sound of the theme of St. Petersburg in Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospekt"

Developing: to develop the skills of independent work with a prose text, the ability to highlight the main thing, to determine the author's position; to form a speech culture

Educational: to promote the formation of civic and moral qualities of students

Preliminary homework:

According to the options, prepare a description of the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov

Everything is a lie, everything is a dream. Everything is not what it seems.

N.V. Gogol

During the classes:

1 Word of the teacher.

In 1828, N.V. Gogol graduated from the Nizhyn gymnasium. Ahead - freedom, service, life in St. Petersburg. In December, the young man goes to the capital. How did Gogol imagine Petersburg? Let us recall the lines from Gogol's famous story "The Night Before Christmas:" My God! Knock, thunder, shine, four-story walls pile up on both sides; ... bridges trembled, carriages flew, cab drivers, postilions shouted ... ”The blacksmith Vakula saw the capital like that. This is how Petersburg and Gogol probably imagined. But the reality was not like a fairy tale. “Petersburg seemed to me not at all what I thought,” Gogol wrote to his mother in disappointment on January 3, 1829. “I imagined him more beautiful and more magnificent.”

Why, then, did Gogol become disillusioned with this city and nevertheless dedicated a whole cycle of “Petersburg Tales” to it? Perhaps Nevsky Prospekt will help us answer this question.

V. G. Belinsky wrote: “Such plays as Nevsky Prospekt could be written not only by a person with great talent and a brilliant outlook on things, but also by a person who knows St. Petersburg firsthand.” Indeed, the story is based on the impressions of the writer's life in St. Petersburg. The city struck him with pictures of deep social contradictions and tragic social contrasts. Behind the external brilliance of the capital, Gogol more and more clearly saw the soullessness and predatory inhumanity of the octopus city, destroying the living souls of small people.

2. Conversation on a fragment of the beginning of the story "Almighty Nevsky". Creation of a problem situation.

Teacher: How is the main street of St. Petersburg depicted? (brilliance, beauty, crowd)

Teacher: What time of day is Nevsky Prospekt shown? (early morning, noon and afternoon)

Teacher: Please note that the most detailed description of Nevsky Prospect by the author is shown in the period from 2 to 3 hours. Why? (At this time, the powers that be are walking along the avenue, representatives of the aristocracy - those who represent the front showcase of the Russian Empire)

Teacher: How about them in the story? (external attributes are underlined: sideburns, mustaches, dresses, scarves, ties, hats, etc.) But where are the people themselves?

Teacher: This is already a language device - metonymy. What is the author's purpose for using this technique? (this is a satire that allows you to expose human complacency, swagger, careless idleness, concern for external beauty and neglect of internal beauty. These people are here not for business, but from idleness).

Teacher: How did Gogol express this idea? (“As soon as you climb the Nevsky, it already smells of fun alone”)

Teacher: But there is another side of the street. When do we meet her? (We see her early in the morning. These are boys on parcels, working men, lackeys, beggars)

Conclusion 1: Depicting Nevsky Prospekt at different times of the day, Gogol characterizes all the social strata of St. Petersburg. Therefore, Nevsky Prospekt is the personification of St. Petersburg, the city of contrasts.

3. Formulation of the topic of the lesson.

Teacher: Drawing Nevsky Prospekt, Gogol writes: “What a quick phantasmagoria takes place in it in one day!”

What is "phantasmagoria"? What is the lexical meaning of this word? Let's look at the dictionary:

PHANTASMAGORIA, -and,and . "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by S.I. Ozhegov

A bizarre, unusual combination or play of light and shadow, colors, etc., a bizarre heap, a combination of smth.

Something unreal, ghostly, the creation of a dream, imagination.

Bizarre, amazing changes, transformations or unusual coincidences of circumstances, events.

Teacher: In what sense did the writer use this word? (in the second meaning). Based on their definitions, we formulate the topic of the lesson: "Truth and lies, reality and fantasy in the story" Nevsky Prospekt ".

Teacher: How is the image of a ghostly, deceptive city depicted in the story, except for the initial description? (Stories of the artist Piskarev and lieutenant Pirogov). The stories that happened to young people are two main plot episodes, two parts of the overall picture of Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg.

Work on prepared homework.

Teacher: Consider the story of Piskarev.

What is the ideal for Piskarev? (beauty in the world, because he is an artist)

What struck him in the guise of a stranger who met on the avenue? (grace, posture, hair, look)

Who really was this girl? (inhabitant of a cheap brothel)

Why is it so painful for Piskarev, why does he refuse to believe it? (this is the destruction of the ideal of beauty, for an artist it is unbearably difficult).

What is the role of Piskarev's dreams in the story? (in a dream, he sees his chosen one the way he would like to see her: the best-dressed, innocent beauty from a privileged society. Only waking up, the artist realizes that reality is terrible, and is again forgotten by sleep. He tries artificially, taking a drug, to go into world of illusions, but dreams and illusions cannot replace real life).

Why does Piskarev commit suicide? (the dream, the ideal collapsed, and without the ideal his life is impossible, meaningless).

How do you feel about Piskarev? (he is sincerely sorry, he is a romantic, idealist, dreamer, it is extremely difficult for such a person to resist the terrible and formidable world of reality).

Teacher: And now let's turn to another hero - Lieutenant Pirogov.

What society does Pirogov belong to? Where can you often find him? (he is not an aristocrat, he has the lowest officer rank, but rotates among those who make up the top of society).

How and why does he succeed? (He has many talents: he knows how to keep up a conversation, knows how to court ladies, is witty, an avid theatergoer, a decisive person who is not used to refusal).

What was Pirogov's "bold enterprise"? (he tagged along on Nevsky for a blonde, and she turned out to be the wife of a German tinsmith)

Who are Schiller and Hoffmann? Are these characters' names random? (This is also a satirical device. The names of famous German writers are carried by ordinary artisans)

How did Pirogov behave when he found out that the blonde was married? (This did not bother him at all. He found a reason to visit this house, in front of her husband showed signs of attention to a young woman and almost seduced her, for which he was beaten by a drunken Schiller and his friends and thrown out into the street in disgrace)

How did Pirogov react to the insult? (at first he wanted to complain, almost write to the sovereign, but, passing by the confectionery, he was tempted by delicious pies and calmed down, happily forgetting about what had happened)

What is the attitude towards Pirogov? (he is funny, causes more contempt than sympathy)

Teacher: What do Piskarev and Pirogov have in common? (the resemblance is only superficial - both ended up on Nevsky, both were carried away by pretty women, both were deceived, but reacted to this differently)

Conclusion 2: The images of Pirogov and Piskarev are associated with opposite moral principles in the characters of the characters. The comic image of Pirogov is opposed to the tragic image of Piskarev.

“Pirogov and Piskarev - what a contrast! Both of them began on the same day, at the same hour, persecuting their beauties, and how different were the consequences of these persecutions for both! One is in the grave, the other is satisfied and happy even after unsuccessful red tape and terrible beatings. Oh, what meaning is hidden in this contrast! And what effect does this contrast produce! - wrote V. G. Belinsky.

5. Discussion of the ideological meaning of the work. Work on the final passage "Oh, do not believe this Nevsky Prospekt."

Teacher: At the end of the story, Gogol returns to the conversation about Nevsky Prospekt. Why is this done by the author? (to tear off his beautiful veils and express his contempt for the city with its venality, rudeness, indifference to beauty and man).

Teacher: Gogol emphasizes the main contradiction of St. Petersburg - between the appearance and the true essence of the city - through the image of Nevsky Prospekt.

Teacher: What words at the end of the story express the idea of ​​the work? (this is the epigraph of the lesson)

Conclusion 3: The reality of St. Petersburg is deceit, illusory, ghostly.

6 Reflection.

Continue suggestions:

Petersburg Gogol ....

It is adjacent…

The city has ... atmosphere

Residents of the city…

Petersburg deprived them of ..., each person - ...

Teacher: What is valuable for us in Gogol's story, written in the 30s of the 19th century? What lesson do we learn from the work of a great writer? (the story affirms the author’s idea that one cannot live with romantic illusions, believe in unrealizable dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself, because in life there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that very much in life is deceit, appearance, illusoryness).

Comparative characteristics of Piskarev and Pirogov (Based on the novel by N. V. Gogol "Nevsky Prospekt") Literature lesson Grade 10

The objectives of the lesson are to make a comparative description of the heroes of N. V. Gogol's story "Nevsky Prospekt"; identify the basic techniques for creating characters of heroes; to trace how N.V. Gogol reveals universal human problems in the story.

The occupation of the heroes of the story Piskarev is an artist, which emphasizes the presence of creativity in a person who is not able to resist reality. Pirogov officer, lieutenant, his rank personifies power. He belongs to that class of people who suppress the personality.

Portraits of the heroes of the story "Nevsky Prospekt" Piskarev Pirogov "for the most part kind, meek ...," ... are considered by scientists and shy, careless, loving educated; they don’t miss their quiet art”; "a modest one public lecture"; "They love those who talk about their favorite subject"; there are good verses in the play, they are also very fond of “with true pleasure they work loudly to call the actors”; over your work. "have a special gift to make They often have a true laugh in themselves"; "excellent talent"; recited poetry"; "had" a shy, timid, but in his soul a special art to let his sparks of feeling "smoke rings"; "knew how to tell a joke"; "I was pleased with my rank"; “I was very flattered by this new dignity”

Characteristics of the heroes (pursuit scene) Pirogov Piskarev “he moved away to a long distance, looked around nonchalantly”; "not hearing, not seeing, not listening"; “trying to moderate the speed of his step himself”; "Sometimes doubt took possession of him"; “his knees were trembling” “did not stop pursuing, ... asking questions”; "boldly made his way"; “following the Russian rule, I decided to go forward”

Let's think! What character traits of the characters are revealed in these episodes? Piskarev at the stranger Pirogov and the blonde

The end of the persecution of Piskarev “... there is no strength to endure. He rushed out, having lost his feelings and thoughts. His mind was clouded: stupidly, without a goal, not seeing anything, not hearing, not feeling, he wandered ... "

The finale of Pirogov's persecution "... somehow ended strangely: on the way he went into a candy store, ate ..., read it and left ..."; “a rather pleasant evening made him take a walk; ... he calmed down "; “I went to the evening ..., spent the evening with pleasure, distinguished myself in the mazurka ...”

Conclusion Piskarev is a man of pure soul, sincere feelings and actions. Pirogov is devoid of high ideals, he is a vulgar, unspiritual person.

What technique does the author use to reveal Piskarev's character more deeply? Sleep is a dream, the only way for an artist to feel happy. Dreams replace Piskarev's reality.

Dreams of the artist Piskarev. Artist D. Kardovsky. 1904 “God, what a dream! And why did you have to wake up? . . . Oh, what a disgusting reality! What is she against dreams? "But now...what a terrible life! God, what a life! eternal strife between dreams and materiality!”

What do we learn about the character of the hero from dreams? Piskarev is a dreamer, his dreams of an ideal life. But his dreams are in conflict with reality. The real life of the artist is tragic.

Why doesn't N.V. Gogol "give" Pirogov's dreams? Pirogov is a man deprived of a high spiritual life. Most likely, he does not see dreams, and if he does, then dreams reflect his real life. The real life of Pirogov, his actions sufficiently reveal the character of the hero, needs and interests.

The language and style of narration about the heroes Piskarev Pirogov The language of the narration is lyrical, conveying the state of mind of the hero The language is mocking, irony is used, this is an everyday story, the style is sublime, colloquial

Conclusions Reality The Dream of Piskarev Pirogov The images of Piskarev and Pirogov help the author to show two sides of one life: spiritual, dreamy, high and funny, low, focused on one's needs.

Used Internet resources http: //www. a 4 format. en/booktitles. php? lt=195&author=26&dtls_books=1&title=991&submenu=5 http://www. openclass. en/node/203002

Seminar on the novel by N.V. Gogol "Nevsky Prospekt"

Questions for preparation:

1 group
Description of Nevsky Prospekt
Analyze the images with which Gogol paints a picture of Nevsky Prospekt. What is the role of figurative and expressive means and artistic details here?
Explain the role of artistic time and space in this fragment.
What role does Nevsky Prospekt play in the life of the city, how does the author feel about it? Comment on the author's assessments in the description of Nevsky Prospekt.
Prove that this description contains features of romanticism and realism. Give examples.
How are the social contrasts and disunity of the city's residents shown?
How is the discrepancy between the ostentatious side of the life of the nobility and its true essence revealed? What qualities of people does the author make fun of?
How does the demon motif appear in the description of the evening Nevsky Prospekt at the beginning of the story? How is it continued in the next story?
How are the descriptions of Nevsky Prospekt at the beginning of the story and at the end connected?

2 group
Artist Piskarev
Follow and tell how Piskarev's romantic illusions collapse. What is the significance of the features of romantic irony, fantasy, and the grotesque in his story?
How does the author characterize Piskarev as an artist and a person?
Why did Piskarev go after the girl? How does the author convey his feelings?
Who was the girl? Why did Piskarev run away from the "disgusting orphanage"?
How does the girl's appearance change?
How is the author's attitude to the beauty expressed, how is the motive of the demon connected with her?
What is the semantic role of Piskarev's dream?
Why did Piskarev prefer real life to illusions? Could illusions replace real life for him?
Why does the author call Piskarev's plan to marry a prostitute frivolous? How was it confirmed?
How did Piskarev die, why is he wrong in his crazy act? What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev's story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?

3 group

Lieutenant Pirogov
Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov. What is her compositional role in the story? How does the author characterize Pirogov? How does he mark the typical character?
Why did Pirogov go after the blonde?
Where did Pirogov go after the beauty, who did she turn out to be?
Why is Pirogov courting a married lady? What role do Schiller and Hoffmann play in Pirogov's story? What is ridiculed in the image of Schiller?
What is the author's irony and grotesque manifested here?
How does the story of Pirogov end?
What is ridiculed in the image of Pirogov, how does the author do it? Can Pirogov's story be considered a triumphant farce?
What is the meaning of comparing the images of Piskarev and Pirogov
How are the principles of romantic dual world reflected in the story?

Analysis of the story by N.V. Gogol "Nevsky Prospekt"
The author begins the story with solemnly upbeat phrases about Nevsky Prospekt and notes that this is “universal communication [Download the file to view the link] of St. this is a place for festivities, this is "an exhibition of all the best works of man." At the same time, Nevsky Prospekt is a mirror of the capital, which reflects its life, it is the personification of all of St. Petersburg with its striking contrasts.
Literary critics believe that the description of Nevsky Prospekt at the beginning of the story is a kind of "physiological" sketch of St. Petersburg. Its image at different times of the day allows the author to characterize the social structure of the city. Nevsky Prospekt is not the end of them, "it only serves as a means".
Ordinary people are opposed to the nobility, for which Nevsky Prospekt is the goal - a place where you can show yourself. The story about the “pedagogical” Nevsky Prospekt with “tutors of all nations” and their pupils, as well as about the nobles and officials walking along the avenue, is permeated with irony.
Showing the falsity of Nevsky Prospekt, the wrong side of life hiding behind its front view, its tragic side, exposing the emptiness of the inner world of those walking on it, their hypocrisy, the author uses ironic pathos. This is emphasized by the fact that instead of people, the details of their appearance or clothing act: “Here you will find a wonderful mustache, indescribable with no pen, no brush<...>Thousands of varieties of hats, dresses, scarves<...>Here you will find such waists that even you have never dreamed of.<...>And what kind of long sleeves will you meet.
The description of the avenue is given in a realistic way, at the same time, the story about the changes on Nevsky Prospekt is preceded by the phrase: “What a quick phantasmagoria takes place on it during just one day”. , by the bizarre light of lanterns and lamps, but also by the action of an unaccountable, mysterious force that affects a person: “At this time, some kind of goal is felt, or, better, something similar to a goal, something extremely unaccountable; everyone's steps accelerate and become generally very uneven. Long shadows flicker along the walls of the pavement and almost reach the Police Bridge with their heads. So the description of Nevsky Prospekt includes fantasy and the motif of a demon.
The experiences and actions of the hero are explained, it would seem, by his psychological state, however, they can also be perceived as the actions of a demon: "... The beauty looked around, and it seemed to him as if a slight smile flashed on her lips. He trembled and did not believe his eyes<...>The pavement rushed under him, the carriages with galloping horses seemed to be motionless, the bridge stretched and broke on its arch, the house stood with its roof down, the booth fell towards him, and the sentinel's halberd, together with the golden words of the signboard and the painted scissors, seemed to shine on his very eyelashes. eye. And all this produced one look, one turn of a pretty head. Not hearing, not seeing, not listening, he rushed along the light traces of beautiful legs ... "
Piskarev's fantastic dream can also be explained in two ways: "The unusual diversity of faces led him to complete confusion; it seemed to him that some demon had crumbled the whole world into many different pieces and mixed all these pieces senselessly, uselessly mixed together."
At the end of the story, the motive of the demon manifests itself openly: according to the author, the source of lies and falsity of the incomprehensible game with the fates of people is the demon: “Oh, don’t believe this Nevsky Prospekt!<...>Everything is a lie, everything is a dream, everything is not what it seems!<...>He lies at all times, this Nevsky Prospekt, but most of all, when the night in a condensed mass falls on him and separates the white and pale-yellow walls of houses, when the whole city turns into thunder and brilliance, myriads of carriages fall from bridges, postilions shout and jump on horses and when the demon himself lights the lamps only to show everything in a fake way.
Piskarev is a young man, an artist, belongs to the people of art, and this is his unusualness. The author says that he belongs to the "class" of artists, to the "strange estate", thus emphasizing the typical nature of the hero.
Like other young artists of St. Petersburg, the author characterizes Piskarev as a poor man, living in a small room, content with what he has, but striving for wealth. This is a “quiet, timid, modest, childishly simple-hearted, who carried a spark of talent in himself, perhaps with time it flashed widely and brightly,” a person. The hero’s surname emphasizes his commonness, reminiscent of the type of “little man” in literature.
Piskarev believes in the harmony of goodness and beauty, pure, sincere love, lofty ideals. He followed the stranger only because he saw in her the ideal of beauty and purity, she reminded him of “Perugino Bianca” [Download the file to view the link]. But the beautiful stranger turned out to be a prostitute, and Piskarev tragically experiences the collapse of ideals. The charm of beauty and innocence The ruthless reality destroyed his dreams, and the artist fled from the disgusting orphanage, where he was brought by a seventeen-year-old beauty, whose beauty, not having time to fade from depravity, did not combine with a smile full of "some pathetic impudence", everything she said , was "stupid and vulgar<...>as if, together with purity, it leaves the mind of a person.
The author, sharing Piskarev's shocked feeling, writes bitterly: "... A woman, this beauty of the world, the crown of creation, turned into some strange ambiguous creature, where she, along with the purity of her soul, lost everything feminine and disgustingly appropriated the slyness and impudence of a man and has already ceased to be that weak, that beautiful and so different being from us.”
Piskarev is unable to bear the fact that the beauty of a woman who gives the world a new life can be an object of trade, because this is a desecration of beauty, love and humanity. He was seized by a feeling of “tearing pity”, the author notes and explains: “Indeed, pity never takes possession of us so much as at the sight of beauty touched by the putrid breath of depravity. Even ugliness would be friends with him, but beauty, tender beauty ... it merges in our thoughts with only one purity and purity.
Being in a strong psychological stress, Piskarev has a dream in which his beauty appears as a secular lady, trying to explain her visit to the shelter with her secret. The dream inspired Piskarev with hope, which was destroyed by the cruel and vulgar side of life: “The desired image appeared to him almost every day, always in a position opposite to reality, because his thoughts were completely pure, like the thoughts of a child.” Therefore, he tries artificially, taking the drug, go into the world of dreams and illusions.However, dreams and illusions cannot replace real life.
The dream of quiet happiness in a village house, of a modest life secured by one's own labor, is rejected by the fallen beauty. “How can you! She interrupted her speech with an expression of some contempt. I am not a laundress or a seamstress to do work.” Assessing the situation, the author says: “These words expressed the whole low, despicable life, a life full of emptiness and idleness, faithful companions of debauchery." And then, in the author’s thoughts about the beauty, the motive of the demon again arises: “... She was some terrible will of the hellish spirit, eager to destroy the harmony of life, thrown with laughter into its abyss.” During the time that the artist did not see the girl, she changed worse, sleepless nights of debauchery, drunkenness were reflected on her face.
The poor artist could not survive, in the words of the author, "the eternal strife of dreams with materiality." He could not stand the collision with harsh reality, the drug completely destroyed his psyche, made it impossible to do work, to resist fate. Piskarev commits suicide. He is wrong in this crazy deed: the Christian religion considers life the greatest blessing, and suicide a great sin.Also, from the point of view of secular morality, depriving oneself of life is unacceptable, this is a passive form of resolving life's contradictions, because an active person can always find a way out of the most difficult, seemingly insoluble situations.
Describing the poor funeral of Piskarev, the author expresses his attitude to social inequality, which stands out for the ceremonial appearance of the city, evokes a feeling of compassion for ordinary people, and emphasizes the senselessness of the death of the artist.

About Lieutenant Pirogov, the author says that officers like him constitute “some kind of middle class in St. Petersburg”, emphasizing the typical nature of the hero. Talking about these officers, the author, of course, also characterizes Pirogov.
In their circle, they are considered educated people, because they know how to entertain women, they like to talk about literature: “they praise Bulgarin, Pushkin and Grech and speak with contempt and witty taunts about A.A. Orlov”, that is, they put Pushkin and Bulgarin on a par ", the author ironically notes. They go to the theater to show themselves. Their life goal is "to curry favor to the rank of colonel", to achieve a secure position. They usually "marry a merchant's daughter who can play the piano, with a hundred thousand or so cash and a bunch of well-married relatives."
Describing Pirogov, the author talks about his talents, in fact, reveals such features of him as careerism, narrow-mindedness, arrogance, self-confident vulgarity, the desire to imitate what is in vogue among the select public.
The author confirms with a clear example that the main subject of Pirogov's thoughts and aspirations is the rank. He treats people below him in rank with arrogance.
Love for Pirogov is just an interesting adventure, an “affair” that can be boasted to friends. The lieutenant, not at all embarrassed, rather vulgarly takes care of the wife of the craftsman Schiller and is sure that “his courtesy and brilliant rank give him the full right to her attention.” He does not bother himself with thoughts about life's problems, he strives for pleasures.
The test of honor and dignity of Pirogov was the “section” that Schiller subjected him to. Quickly forgetting his insult, he discovered a complete lack of human dignity: “I spent the evening with pleasure and distinguished myself in the mazurka so much that I delighted not only ladies, but even gentlemen ".
The images of Pirogov and Piskarev are associated with opposite moral principles in the characters' characters. The comic image of Pirogov is opposed to the tragic image of Piskarev. "Piskarev and Pirogov, what a contrast! Both of them began the pursuit of their beauties on the same day, at the same hour, and how different the consequences of these persecutions were for both of them! Oh, what meaning is hidden in this contrast! And what an effect this contrast produces!" wrote VG Belinsky.
Schiller, tinsmith
The images of German tinsmith craftsmen Schiller, the shoemaker Hoffmann, and the carpenter Kunz complete the social picture of St. Petersburg. Schiller is the embodiment of commercialism. The accumulation of money is the goal of this artisan's life, therefore, strict calculation, limiting himself in everything, suppressing sincere human feelings determine his behavior. At the same time, jealousy awakens a sense of dignity in Schiller, and he, being in a drunken state, not thinking about the consequences at that moment, along with his friends, whipped Pirogov.
Formulate the idea of ​​N.V. Gogol "Nevsky Prospekt".

"He lies at all times, this Nevsky Prospekt..."
N. V. Gogol. "Nevsky Avenue". Petersburg image. Truth and lies, reality and fantasy in the story "Nevsky Prospekt".
In the story of the teacher, one should report on the history of the creation of the book, which has grown into the cycle "Petersburg Tales", list the stories included in it. Students need to remember how Petersburg was portrayed in works studied earlier, such as Gogol's The Night Before Christmas, Nekrasov's Reflections at the Front Door, Pushkin's The Bronze Horseman, and Dostoyevsky's White Nights.
To "immerse" the class in the atmosphere of Nevsky Prospekt, schoolchildren can be shown D. Kardovsky's illustrations for Gogol's story and their art history analysis is made.
For a deeper understanding of the story, it is necessary to make comments to it, which individual tenth graders can do on their own.
At a minimum, you need to give a lexical commentary on the following words and expressions: frock coat, tailcoat, salop, phantasmagoria, motley, damask, redingote, vellum paper, frieze overcoat, reticule, decotton frock coat, prints, agate, halberd, livery, chuffonka, bassoon, opium , housekeeper, disabled soldier, capuchin, Swabian German, convertible, pound, brine, lives on fufu.
Historical commentary is required by words and expressions denoting ranks and ranks and their hierarchy in the table of ranks: titular councilor, court adviser, collegiate registrar, provincial secretary, collegiate secretary, assistant, chamberlain, real state councilor, lieutenant, ensign, junker.
A more thorough cultural commentary is necessary for words and expressions that reflect the atmosphere of the Gogol era, his "encyclopedia" of St. Petersburg: Ganimed, Perudzhinova Bianka, Hercules, Bulgarin, Grech, A. A. Orlov, "Filatki", "Dimitri Donskoy", Schiller, Hoffman , "William Tell", "History of the Thirty Years' War", General Staff, "Northern Bee", Lafaet.
It makes sense to read the description of Nevsky Prospekt aloud (from the beginning of the story to the words "... always in German frock coats walking in a whole crowd and usually arm in arm"), and then analyze this episode.
Sample Plan for Episode Analysis
1. Analyze the images with which Gogol paints a picture of Nevsky Prospekt. What is the role of figurative and expressive means and artistic details here?
2. Explain the role of artistic time and space in this fragment.
3. Comment on the author's assessments in the description of Nevsky Prospekt.
4. How is the main problem and conflict of the whole story outlined in the episode?
5. Prove that this description contains features of romanticism and realism. Give examples.
6. What is the function of this episode in the whole story?
An analysis of the episode will make it possible to emphasize that Petersburg is a city without integral faces, which are replaced by their parts or parts of the body and clothes. Reality is not like that. As we see it, and at any moment it can turn to us with its reverse side. Life is illusory, so nothing can be trusted.
In the second lesson, you should talk about two stories of young people: the artist Piskarev and Lieutenant Pirogov. It is important for schoolchildren to understand why the author puts such different stories of such different people side by side and makes them comparable.
Questions and tasks for conversation
1. Follow and tell how Piskarev's romantic illusions fail.
2. What is the significance of the features of romantic irony, fantasy, grotesque in his story?
3. What is the semantic role of Piskarev's dream?
4. What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev's story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide?
5. Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov.
6. What is her compositional role in the story?
7. What role do Schiller and Hoffmann play in Pirogov's story? What is the author's irony and grotesque manifested here?
8. Can Pirogov's story be considered a triumphant farce? Argument your opinion.
9. How are the principles of romantic dual world reflected in the story?
10. Prove that Gogol's story is autobiographical and reflects his religious ideas about morality and ethics?

At the end of the lesson, you can read and discuss a fragment of Belinsky's article "On the Russian story and the stories of Mr. Gogol", which gives a positive assessment of the story "Nevsky Prospekt" with the words ". Nevsky Prospect. is a creation as deep as it is charming ..." to the words "Yes, gentlemen, it's boring in this world! .."

Summary of the lesson. The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live only with romantic illusions, believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself. In life, there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that a lot in life is a deception, an illusion. As on Nevsky Prospekt, in our life it is "the demon who lights the lamps in order to show everything not in its real form." Only the grotesque, fantasy, which restore and expose the deep truth and contribute to its understanding, can return everything to its true form.

Petersburg in Gogol's stories personifies a world that lives on deceit and lies. Life can suddenly turn out to be ridiculous, strange, fantastic and ruthless for a person. The terrible and gloomy romance of St. Petersburg is saturated with evil, destructive for the “little man”, and is capable of taking on the most unexpected and magical forms. At the same time, Gogol is a master of real images, able to see poetry in the most ordinary, to notice the essential aspects of life and human types. But reality, combined with fantasy, becomes terrible, grotesque. This emphasizes the illusory nature of reality and the fragility, instability, unsteadiness of a person in a collision with the world of evil.

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Text content of presentation slides: "Nevsky Prospekt" "Everything is a lie, everything is a dream. Everything is not what it seems.” N.V. Gogol. Grade 10 St. Petersburg is a symbol of European Russia. It is called the northern capital of our country. The city was built on the Neva River, therefore this great river is called the cradle of St. Petersburg. It not only predetermined the emergence of a port city, but became the basis of a three-dimensional composition. The main squares of the northern capital face the Neva. One of the warships - the cruiser "Aurora" - found "eternal parking" here. The Neva, remaining the main "avenue", divided the city into parts, which were initially connected by temporary crossings, then by floating bridges. Eight drawbridges were thrown across the Neva, each of which is a complex, and sometimes unique, engineering and architectural structure. Palaces, mansions, temples, apartment buildings in the city center - they all have their own unique history. The city is decorated with a large number of unique monuments. Palace Square is the architectural crown of the Northern capital. It is she who dominates the historical center of St. Petersburg. And the highly artistic interiors of the Hermitage buildings, precious in themselves, keep the priceless creations of the human genius of all times and peoples. From ancient times, poets, writers, and artists aspired to this city, since it was the literary and cultural center of Russia. And it is not surprising that N.V. Gogol also dreamed of coming to St. Petersburg. Gogol in St. Petersburg In 1828 Gogol graduated from the gymnasium. Ahead - freedom, Petersburg, service. In December, the young man goes to the capital. And finally, Petersburg, the city, which seemed to him majestic, immense, completely unlike anything else. "My God! Knock, thunder, shine, four-story walls pile up on both sides; ... the bridges trembled; carriages flew; cabbies, postilions shouted ... "This is how the blacksmith Vakula saw the capital from the story" The Night Before Christmas "This is how Gogol probably imagined Petersburg. But the reality was not like a fairy tale. “Petersburg seemed to me not at all what I thought,” Gogol wrote to his mother in disappointment on January 3, 1829. “I imagined it more beautiful and more magnificent.” Why was N.V. Gogol disappointed in this city, and yet he devoted a whole cycle of “Petersburg Tales” to it? Maybe Nevsky Prospekt will answer this question? The basis of "Nevsky Prospect", as well as the entire cycle "Petersburg Tales", was based on the impressions of Gogol's life in St. Petersburg. The years of Gogol's life in Petersburg passed. The city struck him with pictures of deep social contradictions and tragic social contrasts. Behind the outward brilliance of the capital, the writer more and more clearly distinguished the soullessness and predatory inhumanity of the octopus city, destroying the living souls of small, poor people, inhabitants of attics and cellars. And now the capital appeared to Gogol no longer as a slender, austere bulk, but as a bunch of "houses thrown one on top of the other, thundering streets, seething commercialism, this ugly bunch of fashions, parades, officials, wild northern nights, brilliance and low colorlessness." It was this kind of Petersburg that became the main character of Gogol's St. Petersburg stories. Let's walk along the avenue together with Gogol. Listen to the intonation of the author's narration: "There is nothing better than Nevsky Prospekt ... What does this beautiful street of our capital not shine with! .." What did you feel first of all in these episodes? What is the function of this episode in the whole story? - Pay attention to the magnificent satirical device of Gogol - to expose human complacency and insignificance. In fashionable frock coats, brilliant uniforms, in thousands of hats, dresses, noble arrogance, swagger, stupidity and vulgarity are put on display for the reader. Careless idleness is the main feature of this street. “If you only go up to Nevsky Prospekt, it already smells like one walk.” But there is another side of the street. It opens in the early Petersburg morning, when Nevsky Prospekt is filled with completely different figures. - Depicting Nevsky Prospekt at different times of the day, Gogol characterizes the social strata of St. Petersburg. Nevsky Prospekt for Gogol is the personification of the whole of St. Petersburg, the city of contrasts. But the farther, the more distinctly satirical notes sound in this festive description of falsely ghostly splendor. The stories that happened to Piskarev and Pirogov are two main plot episodes, two parts of the overall picture of Nevsky Prospekt and St. Petersburg. They give a vivid idea of ​​the complexity of the paintings in St. Petersburg, of the vigilance and sharpness of the writer's artistic vision. 1. Follow and tell how Piskarev's romantic illusions fail. 2. What is the significance of the features of romantic irony, fantasy, grotesque in his story? 3. What is the semantic role of Piskarev's dream? 4. What is the tragic meaning of Piskarev's story? Why does the author lead him to commit suicide? 5. Tell the story of Lieutenant Pirogov. 6. What is her compositional role in the story? 7. What role do Schiller and Hoffmann play in Pirogov's story? What is the author's irony and grotesque manifested here? 8. Can Pirogov's story be considered a triumphant farce? Argument your opinion. 9. Prove that Gogol's story is autobiographical in nature and reflects his religious ideas about morality and ethics. At the end of the story, Gogol again returns to Nevsky Prospekt to tear off his beautiful covers and express all his hatred for the city with its venality and indifference to everything beautiful and to man. Petersburg in Gogol's story appears as a city of duality. The writer emphasizes the contradiction between its appearance and essence. Lesson summary The story affirms the author's idea that one cannot live only with romantic illusions, believe in pipe dreams. They will inevitably be destroyed by life itself. In life, there is a constant struggle between good and evil, darkness and light, and you need to learn to distinguish between them, to understand that a lot in life is a deception, an illusion. As on Nevsky Prospekt, in our life it is “the demon who lights the lamps in order to show everything not in its real form.” Only the grotesque, fantasy, which restore and expose the deep truth and contribute to its understanding, can return everything to its true form. Homework Write an essay-miniature "Petersburg through the eyes of Gogol's heroes."