The walk-behind tractor consists of the following main components: engine 1, transmission 2, chassis 3 and controls 4.

Engine and its support systems

The drive of the walk-behind tractor is a classic internal combustion engine with all the systems necessary for its operation. Gasoline four-stroke engines are used in cars of light and middle class (see about the design and operation of a four-stroke engine). Heavy-duty motoblocks are often equipped with diesel engines. In obsolete and some light models, sometimes (quite rarely) you can find a two-stroke gasoline engine.

The device of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Honda) walk-behind tractor: 1 - fuel filters, 2 - crankshaft, 3 - air filter, 4 - part of the ignition system, 5 - cylinder, 6 - valve, 7 - crankshaft bearing.

Most motoblock users have to deal with air-cooled four-stroke gasoline engines. These engines have the following systems to ensure their operation:

• A fuel supply system designed for preparing an air-fuel mixture, consisting of a fuel tank with a tap, a fuel hose, a carburetor, and an air filter.
• Lubrication system that provides lubrication of rubbing parts.
• A starting mechanism (starter) designed to spin up the crankshaft. Many engines are equipped with a light start mechanism, which reduces starting force by a device on the camshaft that opens the exhaust valve during the compression stroke and thereby reduces the compression in the cylinder when the crankshaft is cranked. Heavy motoblocks are sometimes equipped with battery-powered electric starters. Some models have electric and manual start. The latter is used as a backup.
• Cooling system that removes heat from the engine cylinder block by the air flow generated by the flywheel impeller when the crankshaft rotates.
• Ignition system that ensures uninterrupted sparking at the spark plug. A rotating flywheel with a magnetic shoe induces an electromotive force in the magneto, which is converted electronically into electrical signals supplied to the spark plug. As a result, a spark jumps between the contacts of the latter, igniting the air-fuel mixture.

1 - electronic magneto, 2 - screw, 3 - magnetic shoe.

The starting mechanism and ignition system of the Cascade MB6 walk-behind tractor: 1 - starter handle, 2 - fan housing, 3 - protective cover, 4 - cylinder, 5 - cylinder head, 6 - magneto, 7 - flywheel.

• The gas distribution system, which is responsible for the timely entry of the air-fuel mixture into the engine cylinder and the release of exhaust gases. The gas distribution system includes a muffler designed for targeted release of exhaust gases and noise reduction.

Note that engines are sold with all its systems, and if there is an idea to make a walk-behind tractor with your own hands, then the purchased engine will already have a gas tank, an air filter, and a starter, etc., for example, here (only it is better to buy through the Internet store, because in a regular store of this network, the price may be higher).

The figure below shows the Honda GX engine of the GX200 QX4 model, which is widely used in domestic-made motoblocks. The power of the unit is 5.5 hp. It has a horizontal crankshaft and increased compression ratio for efficient fuel combustion and low carbon deposits.

Transmission

The transmission is used to transfer torque from the engine to the wheels and change the speed and direction of the walk-behind tractor. It usually consists of several units connected in series with each other: gearbox, differential (in some models), clutch, gearbox. These elements can be structurally performed as separate units or combined in one body. The gearbox is used to change gears, of which there can be a different number (up to 6 forward and 2 reverse), and at the same time is a reducer.

By their type, transmission units (gearboxes and gearboxes) can be gear, belt, chain, or various combinations of both.

Classic gear transmission, consisting only of cylindrical and bevel gears, is mainly used on heavy walk-behind tractors and some models of medium-sized machines. As a rule, it has a reverse and several lowering stages.

The figure below shows the gear transmission of the "Ugra" NMB-1 walk-behind tractor, consisting of cylindrical and bevel gears. The engine is rigidly attached to the gearbox, which in turn is rigidly connected to the bevel gear. The design of the NMB-1 walk-behind tractor does not have chain and belt drives, which, according to its developers, are an unreliable link in transmissions due to the tendency to breaks, damage and belt slippage.

Diagram of the gearbox of the Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor: 1 - Clutch fork, 2 - Retaining ring, 3 - Adjusting ring, 4 - Bearing, 5 - Retaining ring, 6 - Adjusting ring, 7 - Retaining ring, 8 - Cuff, 9 - Retaining ring ring, 10 - Bearing, 11 - Gear wheel of the first gear and reverse, 12 - Gear wheel of second and third gear, 13 - Adjusting ring, 14 - Bearing, 15 - Driven gear shaft, 16 - Driving gear shaft.

Diagram of the angular gearbox of the Ugra NMB-1 (N) walk-behind tractor: 1 - Retaining ring, 2 - Adjusting ring, 3 - Bevel gear, 4 - Adjusting rings, 5 - Bearing, 6 - Intermediate gear shaft, 7 - Upper body, 8 - Output shaft, 9 - Adjusting rings, 10 - Bearing, 11 - Bevel gear, 12 - Retaining ring, 13 - Bellow cup, 14 - Bellow, 15 - Cuff, 16 - Adjusting rings, 17 - Lower housing, 18 - Adjusting gasket, 19 - Bearing, 21 - Cover, 22 - Gear, 23 - Gear, 24 - Shaft.

The torque from the crankshaft is transmitted to the drive shaft 16 (Gearbox diagram) of the gearbox and is removed from the bevel gear of the driven shaft 15 by the vertical shaft 6 of the bevel gear (Bevel gear diagram), which transfers rotation to the hexagonal shaft 8 of the drive wheels. In order to avoid disruption of the correct operation of the transmission, it is not recommended to disassemble the transmission of the walk-behind tractor, which can lead to a violation of the adjustment of the gears.

The gearbox by its design is a mechanical two-way with 3 forward and 1 reverse gears. The transmission has two power take-off shafts (A) and (B).

Gear-worm transmissions, consisting of two gearboxes - the upper gear and the lower worm gear - are usually used on light motoblocks. The engine crankshaft is vertical. Sometimes machines with a gear-worm transmission are equipped with a centrifugal automatic clutch. Such a walk-behind tractor device provides an increased compactness of the unit.

Belt-gear, belt-chain and belt-gear-chain transmissions are quite common in light and medium motoblocks. The engine rotates the shaft of a gear or chain reducer using a belt drive, which is also a clutch. Chain-gear drives are often implemented in a single crankcase.

At the belt drive, to change the speed of the walk-behind tractor and power take-off, the pulleys can have an additional stream. The advantages of such a transmission include a simpler disassembly and assembly of the walk-behind tractor than in the case of a gear transmission.

The figure below shows the V-belt transmission of the GreenField walk-behind tractor of the MB-6.5 model (with a belt-gear transmission), which, in addition to transmitting torque and reducing the speed, also performs the functions of a clutch and a gearbox (gear shifting).

The clutch function is realized with the help of a tension roller and a control mechanism consisting of a rod and a system of levers that allow you to change the position of the roller tensioning or loosening the belt and, accordingly, turning on or off the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Gear shifting is carried out using double-ribbed pulleys. By shifting the belt from one stream to another, you get a different speed of the walk-behind tractor.

A similar scheme is implemented in the domestic motoblock Salyut 5, shown in the figure below. V-belt transmission transmits rotation to the gear reducer of the walk-behind tractor.

As a rule, motoblock transmissions have power take-off shafts providing the transmission of torque to the working bodies of the machine. By their type and location in the transmission, the power take-off shafts can be independent, located before the clutch and rotating regardless of its state (disabled or enabled), or dependent, located after the clutch, and synchronous to a certain gear. One walk-behind tractor can have several power take-off shafts - different in type and rotation speed.

Clutch

The clutch, which is part of the transmission, has several functions. Transfer of torque from the engine crankshaft to the gearbox (reducer) shaft, disconnecting the gearbox and the engine during gear shifting, ensuring smooth starting of the walk-behind tractor and stopping it without shutting down the engine.

Structurally, the coupling can be performed in different ways. In the form of a V-belt transmission (see above), tension or loosening of the belt with the help of the clutch lever leads to the transmission or termination of the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Or in the form of a single-disc or multi-disc friction dry or wet (oil) clutch, which is more reliable and is used in most motoblock models. Some machines use a much rarer tapered clutch.

On the already considered motor-block "Ugra" of "Kadvi" LLC, a clutch is installed, which is the most traditional in its design - a friction multi-disc with a pressure spring, operating in an oil bath. The device of a walk-behind tractor with a similar clutch must provide for the presence of a clutch housing, where transmission oil is poured.

Clutch diagram of the Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor: 1 - Engine shaft, 2 - Driving half-coupling, 3 - Driven half-clutch assembly with release bearing, 4 - Belleville spring, 5 - Driving discs, 6 - Driven discs, 7 - Spring thrust ring.

Clutch lever: 1 - Axle, 2 - Fork, 3 - Clutch half, 4 - Lever, 5 - Clutch cable, 6 - Bolt, 7 - Nut, 8 - Washer, 9 - Spring washer, 10 - Bushing.

The clutch consists of a driving half-coupling 2 (Clutch diagram of a walk-behind tractor), a driven coupling half 3, a disc spring 4, driving 5 and driven 6 discs, a thrust ring 7. It works as follows. When the clutch lever is released, the Belleville spring compresses the driven and drive discs, assembled in a package, alternately. Due to friction between the discs, torque is transmitted from the engine to the gearbox. When the clutch lever is depressed, the force is transmitted via a cable to the clutch release lever 4 (clutch lever). In this case, the clutch fork 2 compresses the spring through the driven coupling half and the release bearings, separating the driven discs from the driving discs and stopping the transmission of torque.

Differential

To improve maneuvering and smooth turns, a differential is provided in the design of some motoblocks (mostly heavy). The purpose of the latter is to provide rotation of the left and right wheels at different speeds. Differentials can be with or without wheel locking. Instead of a differential, mechanisms can be used that allow one wheel to be disengaged while driving.

Chassis

The undercarriage of the walk-behind tractor is a frame on which the main units and wheels are fixed. Sometimes the frame is missing, and its role is played by the transmission, to which the engine and wheels are attached.

In most motoblocks, the distance between the wheels can be changed, this makes it possible to set the track of different widths. There are two main types of wheels used - conventional pneumatic and heavy metal with wide lugs. Weight weights can be welded to the wheels or bolted to them. Many designs of metal wheels provide for the fastening of loads of various weights. This allows, if necessary, to increase the weight of the walk-behind tractor to values ​​that provide the necessary grip of the wheels with the ground.

Metal wheels can be with a solid rim or made in the form of two or three narrow hoops connected by lugs. The first ones have the disadvantage that soil accumulates between the lugs, which prevents good grip of the wheels with the ground.

Governing bodies

The controls are a set of mechanisms that change the direction of movement and speed of the walk-behind tractor. These include: the steering wheel, gearshift levers and rods, clutch control levers, gas supply, emergency engine stop, etc. with one hand.

Some controls (carburetor air damper, power take-off shaft engagement, etc.) are located on the corresponding units and assemblies.

Usually on the left steering bar there is a clutch control lever and an emergency stop lever, on the right - the throttle lever, the wheel drive and brake lever (if any). The design of the steering column of walk-behind tractors, as a rule, provides for the adjustment of the position of the handles in the horizontal and vertical planes. The figure shows the controls of the SunGarden MF360 walk-behind tractor.

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The motor-block "Oka" is a serious technique for real professionals, it is designed to perform a complex of works on the ground, at a summer cottage, it can be used as a mini-snow blower in combination with special attachments.

The main advantages of Oka walk-behind tractors, which have made them so popular among farmers and summer residents:

• economical low noise engines
• develops speed with a trailer - 10 km / h;
• small size (disassembled equipment can be transported even in the trunk of a car);
• the possibility of processing not only well-groomed soils, but also virgin lands;
• multifunctionality (used for watering, cleaning, transportation, etc.).

The walk-behind tractor is equipped with a four-stroke engine, gearbox, steering wheel, clutch and two wheels. Instead of wheels, four cutters can be installed on the walk-behind tractor for cultivating the soil.

Engine

Robin Subaru EX 21 engine Mitsubishi engine, 6 HP Lianlong LL-160F engine

Depending on the modification, the Oka walk-behind tractor is equipped with engines from different manufacturers (DM-1M, DM-1M1, MITSUBISHI GT600 6.0 / 4.4, I / C 6.0 HP 6.0 / 4.4, Honda GX-200 6.5 / 4.8, Lifan 168 F-2A 6.5 / 4.8, Vanguard 6.5 HP 6.5 / 4.8, Lianlong 168F-1A 6.5 / 4.8, Robin Subaru EX 17 6.0 / 4.4, Robin Subaru EX21 7.0 / 5.2, CADVI 168F-2A).

One of the popular modifications is the "Oka" with the Lifan engine . This engine is economical, and its functionality allows it to be installed in small-sized equipment (cultivators, walk-behind tractors). Lifan is made in China, has established itself as a durable and reliable engine.

The choice of the model is made depending on what area of ​​land the operator is going to cultivate using the walk-behind tractor, as well as on the main tasks (plowing, cultivation, digging out potatoes, etc.) that the device will perform.

Engine malfunctions

Let's see why the engine on the "Oka" walk-behind tractor can junk? So, the main reasons that the engine does not work, and the walk-behind tractor does not start, may be as follows:

• insufficient fuel or oil;
• low-quality gasoline;
• clogged fuel or oil filter;
• a problem with candles or oil seals (oil leaks; candles need replacement);
• the angle of inclination is exceeded when setting the walk-behind tractor (more than 15 degrees, start the walk-behind tractor on a flat surface);
• the integrity of the wiring is broken;
• rupture or delamination of transmission belts;
• poor tire pressure in combination with any of the above reasons;
• an attempt to start the engine without warming up;
• too low storage temperature of the walk-behind tractor, as well as a big minus on the street when starting the equipment (store the walk-behind tractor in a warm room; in freezing temperatures, pour warm oil into the engine and gearbox).

Change of oil

According to the manufacturer's instructions, it is recommended to use TAD-17I or TAP-15V transmission oil for the gearbox of Oka walk-behind tractors, and any oils in accordance with GOST 23652-79. The oils can be mixed in different proportions.

For the engine, use automobile engine oil of the M-53 / 10G1 or M-63 / 12G1 type. The oil must comply with API: SF, SG, SH and SAE: 10W-30, 15W-30.

Replacement frequency:

• during the break-in period after 20-25 hours;
• then, after the next 25 hours, the oil is checked and added to the gearbox;
• after 50 hours of operation, the transmission oil is replaced;
• at scheduled technical inspections after 100, 200, 500 and more hours, the oil from all reservoirs must be drained and replaced with a new one.

Since at present the manufacturing plant produces modifications of the Oka walk-behind tractor only with gasoline engines, you should choose AI 92 or 95 gasoline for refueling.

Installing and replacing belts

The belts are removed manually by loosening the adjusting bolt. Belts are replaced with similar belts, suitable in width and length. It is advisable to purchase spare parts, incl. and belts, in stores of branded spare parts for motoblocks. Such shops work directly with manufacturing plants.

Video review of replacing belts on a walk-behind tractor:

How do you know if to tighten the belt?

If you press on the belt with your hand, it should only flex slightly when pressed. If they sag, the engine will hum, possibly even the appearance of gray smoke from overheating. Worn belts recessed into belt slots must be replaced. First, remove the nuts securing the belt frame. Then, using the adjusting bolt, tighten the belts, periodically checking the degree of tension by hand.

The same manipulations are carried out after installing new belts in order to adjust them.

Lighting

The most popular modifications, unfortunately, are not yet equipped with a headlight, however, some equipment owners themselves regulate this nuance.

In the basic models produced by "Kadvi", the light on the walk-behind tractor is not provided.

It is very easy to make lighting on a walk-behind tractor; for this, a basic electric generator is usually used. The connection is made as follows:

• a device that generates electricity is connected to a button on the steering wheel;
• from the button, lay the necessary wires to electrical equipment (for example, a headlight);
• the wires are insulated in any way from mechanical damage and water (most often a corrugated pipe is used).

If the generator has enough power, the headlight will be bright. With a lack of power at low engine speeds, the light will go out. Some craftsmen change the motoblock generator to a car or tractor.

How to make a light for a walk-behind tractor or mini-tractor with your own hands:

In any case, even without using a generator, you can make light on the walk-behind tractor. This requires only a 12-volt battery and an LED lamp. The battery can be taken from an e-bike or scooter.

It is recommended to put it between the gearbox and the engine. According to the scheme given above with an electric generator, a battery is connected. The battery leads to the switch and then to the headlamp or other electrical equipment.

Be sure to insulate the wires.

Reducer

Owners of Oka walk-behind tractors, like any other equipment, sometimes encounter malfunctions. Including in the operation of the gearbox.

• oil flows on the output shaft: it is possible that the axle shaft seal is worn out (replacing the cuff will help);
• the gearbox is jammed (one of the reasons is an open circuit; it needs to be changed);
• it is not possible to switch gears (you should disassemble the gearbox and replace the broken parts);
• the mechanism for separating the semi-axles has been disrupted (adjustment of the tension of the control cable for the semi-axles will help).

The figure below shows a cutaway diagram of a walk-behind tractor gearbox

In the event of a malfunction of the oil seals, namely when oil leaks, the oil seals should be removed, inspected for cracks, wear. Replace if necessary.

Carburetor adjustment

The carburetor valves of the walk-behind tractor need periodic adjustment. Violation of the norm of the distance between the valves causes a change in the frequency of the stages of gas distribution, as a result, the engine does not reach the declared power. If the gap is large, noise appears, the valves themselves are deformed.

As soon as during the operation of the walk-behind tractor, any extraneous noise appears in the engine, the carburetor should be adjusted. To adjust, a screwdriver, a wrench and a blade are required (after all, the valve clearance rate is from 0.1 mm to 0.15 mm).

On MB-1D walk-behind tractors, a carburetor model DM 1.08.100 of the membrane type is used. The external view of the carburetor DI1.08.100 is shown in the figure below:

1 - full throttle screw; 2 - low throttle screw; 3 - air damper lever; 4 - screw of minimum speed; 5 - flange; 6 - dosing device; 7 - branch pipe; 8 - tide: 9 - hairpin; 10 - nut; 11 - inlet fitting; 12 - button.

The adjustment is done as follows:

• unscrew the valve nut with a screwdriver,
• insert the blade and tighten the nut.
• Once the process is over, the carburetor shroud slides into place.

Among a large number of universal domestic, Chinese, Japanese motor units for tillage, the Neva 2MB walk-behind tractor stands out for its relatively low price, reliability in operation and traditionally heavy maintenance of the device. Previous models of the Neva-1 have often become the object of criticism due to the poor quality of the walk-behind tractor engine. Today the situation has changed dramatically. The engine for the Neva-2MB walk-behind tractor is made more or less reliable, or they are installed imported, but there is still no information on maintenance and clear operating instructions.

What is the Neva 2 walk-behind tractor

A powerful motor unit manufactured by the Krasny Oktyabr company is equipped with three engine options for a walk-behind tractor:

• Gasoline engine produced by the Kaluga plant, the most often used modification is DM-1, DM-2, with a capacity of 6 and 7 hp. respectively. The first one works on the A-76, the second - on the A-95. In this case, according to the instructions, add the letter "K" to the index of the walk-behind tractor;
• American motors from Briggs & Stratton. The version of the walk-behind tractor with the "B" index is considered the most reliable and easy to maintain, even without any instructions;
• Subarovskie motors, when equipped with them, the Neva walk-behind tractor is assigned the "C" index. The engines have a similar power of 6-7 horses, but there are also diesel versions with colossal torque. The most capricious in maintenance and operation, all operations, even refueling and starting, must be performed only according to the instructions.

For your information! For various modifications of the Neva walk-behind tractor, different brands of A-92 or A-95 gasoline are used.

About what specific fuel is used for a particular model of a walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to clarify according to the passport and operating instructions. For example, an attempt to refuel a Subarov engine with 92 gasoline during operation can lead to burnout of the piston system, and motoblocks with American Briggs often got serious problems with starting and controlling engine speed due to a large amount of dirt in domestic fuel.

General parameters of the Neva 2MB walk-behind tractor, taken from the operating instructions:

• The mass of the unit in a filled state reaches 100 kg. This is an average for most motoblocks, Chinese heavy versions can reach 150-180 kg;
• Engine power -6 hp, with a torque of 180 kg? S, for a diesel engine the torque is increased to 220 kg? S;
• The plowing depth according to the instructions, when using a standard plow, on a walk-behind tractor reaches 200 mm, the maximum harrowing width is 170 cm.

The machine can plow, harrow, dig out potatoes planted in the beds, clean snow and much more, provided that the standard attachments provided for in the instruction manual are used.

The main problem of the operation of Neva walk-behind tractors

A large amount of tar, dirt, water in domestic fuel during operation completely kills imported motors. Therefore, the owners use a technique that is not found in any of the operating instructions - they fill in imported gasoline, preferably Finnish, or they use fuel purification with slotted carbon filters under pressure.

In this case, the service life of a walk-behind tractor with a Subar engine will easily exceed the calculated 10 years, and the Neva, equipped with Briggs & Stratton, can run on good engine oil and correct operation for all 15-20 years without engine overhaul.

The operation of a walk-behind tractor in the mode of a motor-cultivator, in fact, is the most unfavorable for any motor, but for some reason it is mainly Kaluga DM-2 motors that burn. These engines are designed for the most average fuel and oil quality, for the most ruthless operation, so the developers equipped this version with a sleeve-type version of the block, suggesting an increase in the total service life up to 10 years.

According to the instructions, the owner can replace or repair the liners. But in practice, the masters say that problems with the operation and overheating of the DM-2 arise precisely because of the low rigidity of the liner and poor heat dissipation.

The main problems of operating the Neva MB walk-behind tractor

It just so happened that the fate of the walk-behind tractor is that each of the units requires regular attention and periodic maintenance, regardless of which engine is installed on the unit. But even Subaru and Briggs engines require periodic flushing and adjustment of carburetors during operation, with cleaning the needle valve seat from accumulated dirt, cleaning the spark plug.

Reducer and V-belt transmission

The next most important unit of the walk-behind tractor is a gear-belt reducer. The mechanism consists of two parts - a gear reducer and a V-belt transmission. The walk-behind tractor gearbox is assembled in a light alloy body and filled with oil. According to the instructions, the oil is changed after the first 200 hours of operation. There are no problems with oil, TAD17i is suitable, there are problems with deformation and splitting of the gearbox housing, quick response of sealing glands and emerging leakage. The gearbox provides two gears forward and one reverse. Two more gears are obtained by shifting the V-belt transmission.

According to the instructions, the belt of the Neva-2 walk-behind tractor should be of the A1180-A45 standard. This is the most consumable and worn out part of the transmission, since instead of the traditional disc clutch, which even the Chinese quite often install on their Bison, a V-belt clutch is used in the Neva, which is more than a hundred years old. It is clear that the service life of such a mechanism is ten times less than the ferrido system.

According to the instructions, the clutch works as follows:

• When the lever is pressed, the force is transmitted through a flexible cable to the tension roller, which tightens the belt and takes out the slack, ensuring the adhesion of the narrow lateral belt drive to the pulley cheeks;
• When the lever is released, the return coil spring increases the slack and relaxes the adhesion of the belt to the pulleys.

For your information! This principle of engaging the clutch, according to the instructions, ensures that the Neva MB walk-behind tractor stops, if suddenly during operation the "iron horse" escaped from the hands.

But unfortunately, regular stretching of the coil spring to the maximum leads to its weakening, and, as a result, the belt burns at maximum speed. Therefore, during operation, you have to regularly stop the walk-behind tractor in order to adjust the strap tension according to the instructions. The deflection of the belt in the center when pressed with a force of 5 kg, according to the instructions, should not exceed 9-10 mm.

Motor DM-2

To operate the walk-behind tractor, according to the instructions, pure unleaded gasoline of the A-92 brand is used. If you use a clean canister for intermediate storage, and it is imperative to settle the fuel before starting operation, and the last 100-150 ml are not filled into the tank, but carefully drained for other purposes, then there should be no problems with the operation of the motor.

The most painful point of the walk-behind tractor engine is its carburetor. Not only is it almost impossible to adjust the work according to the instructions, so even at the factory settings the needle does not lock, it regularly pours fuel into the intake tract. Accordingly, after 20-30 hours, the engine oil in the crankcase turns into a smelly slurry.

According to the instructions, mineral oils M10GI are used for refueling the engine crankcase; in practice, semisynthetics and synthetics are poured, for example, 10W40 is about 1.3 liters. For the gearbox, the instruction requires a 2.2 liter charge.

Advice! If it is not possible to adjust the hang of the needle, and gasoline regularly enters the crankcase, then it is better to buy an inexpensive mineral water and change it every 50 hours.

To start the engine according to the instructions, you need:

• Open the tap, pump fuel into the carburetor and move the pump foot to the starting position;
• Hole a couple of times with the shutter open;
• Close the choke fully and start the engine.

Of course, with a hot engine of the walk-behind tractor, starting is performed with an open damper.

Plow adjustment

In order to get the required plowing depth and blade direction, you need to know how to set up the plow on a walk-behind tractor. According to the instructions, the plow is attached to the hitch with an adjustable bracket and kingpin. The installation and adjustment of the plow is carried out in two stages.

At the first stage of operation, the height of the plow is adjusted; for the Neva, the vertical bar must be installed higher or lower in the row of ready-made holes. The optimum height is 7-9 cm.

After trial operation of the plow, you will need to set the angle of attack of the cutting edge. To do this, according to the instructions, the walk-behind tractor, shod with lugs, is installed on a flat surface. A stand 15 cm high is placed under the left wheel, and by turning the attachment head, the inclination of the cutting edge to the coating surface is adjusted.

Conclusion

The operation of a walk-behind tractor requires not only a lot of patience and physical strength, but also the desire to understand the curves and not always accurate wording of the manufacturer's instructions. A good addition to the practical guide is feedback on problems and breakdowns of the walk-behind tractor, especially with imported engines. If the domestic equipment is still subject to self-repair, then with Japanese motors of walk-behind tractors, restoration, as always, costs a pretty penny.

• Learn the purpose and how to properly control, turn on and off the walk-behind tractor.
• Keep children and friends away from the unit who have not read the instructions.
• Clear the area for work by removing all unnecessary items that can damage the walk-behind tractor
• Refuel with the engine stopped, observing fire safety.
  • The canister must comply with the standards
  • Check the tightness of the fuel tank after refueling.
  • Do not make adjustments with the engine running.
• Start the engine in neutral and with the clutch disengaged.
• It is not recommended to touch the exhaust pipe and high-voltage wires when the walk-behind tractor is in operation.
• When working with a walk-behind tractor, observe safety precautions in clothing.
• When working with a walk-behind tractor, keep your hands and feet away from rotating parts.
• Work carefully in rough terrain, especially when reversing on roads.
• If you feel vibration during operation, stop the engine and find the cause, eliminate it. Feeling vibration - you will eliminate the malfunction in time.
• Before starting a technical inspection of the walk-behind tractor, make sure that the engine is turned off and all rotating parts are stopped.
• Working on ascents and descents, changing the direction of travel on slopes, long-term work at angles of more than 15 ° are best avoided.
• Familiar and unauthorized people must keep a certain distance from the attached and rotating parts of the unit.
• Ventilate the premises and stop the engine when operating in greenhouses.
• It is better to work on a walk-behind tractor in the daytime or in good artificial lighting.
• To protect yourself from the effects of noise during work, you must: use protective ear protection, as well as wear gloves and eye protection.
• To stop the engine urgently, take the ignition switch 1 (Fig. 11). The cord from the plug is in the right hand, if the operator removes his hand from the steering wheel, the plug breaks off the stop and closes the circuit, the engine stops.
• The HONDA GC 160 engine does not have an emergency stop switch (Fig. 11), so the engine is stopped by moving the throttle lever to the STOP position.
• If you need to move the walk-behind tractor, transport it in a horizontal position so that oil does not flow out of the unit. In Fig. 3 shows the places of transfer or lifting.
• Absolutely forbidden:
  • oil and fuel should not get on hot engine parts;
  • the clutch is on and you want to change gear;
  • cultivate the soil by moving the walk-behind tractor towards you;
  • start the unit in an unventilated room;
  • do not use the walk-behind tractor at night or in a poorly lit place;
  • use without protective covers and guards;
  • allow children to work with the walk-behind tractor;
  • movement of the walk-behind tractor on its own on highways and public roads;
  • use oils, fuel that do not meet the requirements of the manual;
  • operation of a walk-behind tractor with a low oil level in the engine, engine gearbox and walk-behind tractor gearbox, than it is provided in the operation manual for the engine and walk-behind tractor;
  • during the running-in period of the walk-behind tractor, use it at maximum load.

Rice. 2. Motoblock Favorite (left side view ¾).

1 - steering wheel; 2 - barbell; 3 - steering wheel support; 4 - pulley casing; 5 - motor with a gearbox; 6 - wheel; 7 - shield; 8 - support of the hinged device; 9 - walk-behind tractor gearbox; 10 - oil filler plug; 11 - clutch lever.

DEVICE OF MOTORBLOCK FAVORIT.

The walk-behind tractor consists of the following main parts and assemblies:

• motor 5 with a gearbox (Fig. 2);
• gearbox 9 (Fig. 2);
• wheels 6 (Fig. 2);
• shields 7 (Fig. 2);
• rudder 1 (Fig. 2);
• clutch lever 11 (Fig. 2);
• rudder rods 2 (Fig. 2);
• hinged device supports 8 (Fig. 2);
• throttle control lever 3 (Fig. 3);
• gear shift lever 5 (Fig. 3);
• rudder support 3 (Fig. 2);
• handlebars fixing handles 2 and 4 (Fig. 3);
• pulley casing 4 (Fig. 2);
• engine belt cover 1 (fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Motoblock Favorite (right side view).

1 - engine pulley casing; 2 - handle for fixing the steering wheel in the horizontal plane; 3 - engine throttle control lever; 4 - handle for fixing the steering wheel in the vertical plane; 5 - gear shift lever.

places for mooring the walk-behind tractor (for transferring or lifting).

Rice. 4. Motoblock Favorite with rotors for cultivation.

1 - kingpin; 2 - opener; 3 - quick-detachable cotter pin; 4 - axis; 5 - opener holder; 6 - axis; 7 - universal hitch; 8 - oil outlet of the gearbox; 9 - short rotor sleeve; 10 - left knife; 11 - long rotor sleeve; 12 - rotor disk; 13 - right knife.

PREPARATION OF THE MOTOR-UNIT FOR OPERATION.

De-preservation of the walk-behind tractor.

To protect parts from corrosion, the walk-behind tractor goes on sale mothballed. Before starting to operate the walk-behind tractor, it must be re-preserved in the following order

Remove external preservative grease, which can be easily removed from metal coated parts with a cloth soaked in gasoline, followed by wiping dry.

Assembling a walk-behind tractor for cultivation.

Set the steering wheel to a position convenient for you and secure with handles 2 and 4 (See Fig. 3), assemble the rotors and install them on the gearbox shaft according to Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7.

First of all, rotors with a short sleeve are assembled 9 Fig. 4.

ATTENTION! Pay attention to the alternation of the right 1 and left 2 knives on the same rotor (see Fig. 5 and 6).

1 - left knife; 2 - right knife; 3 - bolt М8; 4 - spring washer; 5 - nut М8; 6 - washer 8.

The knives are attached to the rotor hub using bolts 3, washers 4, 6 and nuts 5, as shown in Fig. 5 and 6 so that the cutting edges of the knives enter the ground when the walk-behind tractor moves forward.

Rice. 6. The rotor is right-hand.

1 - right knife; 2 - left knife.

After assembling the rotors, it is necessary to install them on the gearbox shaft, insert them into the axle hole, fix them with cotter pins (Fig. 7). With correct assembly of the left and right rotors Fig. 5 and 6, the gap between the ends of the inner knives and the frame body must be at least 5 mm.

Rice. 7. Fastening the assembled rotors to the motor-block reducer shaft.

Rotors with long bushings 11 (Fig. 4) are assembled in the same way and installed as shown in Fig. 4. Rotors between themselves and rotor discs are assembled using axles. Rotors disks 12 (Fig. 4) are installed on the walk-behind tractor when processing the soil between plants.

Check the tightness of all fasteners, tighten the loose fasteners. Set universal hitch 7, coulter holder 5 and opener 2 according to (Fig. 4), fixing them with pins 1 and axes 6 and 4, fixing with cotter pins 3.

Checking the oil level in the engine of the walk-behind tractor.

Oil level control must be carried out in the engine crankcase, engine gearbox and walk-behind tractor gearbox. To do this, install the walk-behind tractor on a horizontal surface. Check the oil level in the engine gearbox (Fig. 8) by unscrewing screw 1 of the control hole. If necessary, add oil to the level through the oil filler hole 4 (Fig. 10).

To check the oil level in the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor, do the following:

• drain the oil through the oil drain hole 8 (Fig. 4) into a clean container;
• measure the amount of drained oil. If the oils are less than 1100 ml, add;
• fill the gearbox with oil through the oil filler opening 10 (Fig. 2).

ATTENTION! Check the oil level and fill the engine crankcase with oil in accordance with the manual for the engine of the walk-behind tractor.

Rice. 8. Oil drain and inspection hole of the engine gearbox.

1 - control hole screw of the engine reducer; 2 - screw oil drain hole of the engine reducer.

Change of oil.

The oil in the engine gearbox and the walk-behind tractor gearbox is changed after the first 25 hours of operation.

In the future, change the oil in the engine gearbox and the walk-behind tractor gearbox after every 250 hours of operation.

It is recommended to change the oil immediately after work, i.e. when the oil is still warm. Drain the oil through the oil drain hole. Fill in fresh oil through the oil filler hole.

ORDER OF WORK WITH THE MOTORBLOCK.

How to start the engine.

Before starting the engine of the walk-behind tractor, perform the following operations:

• the clutch lever should be in the position shown in fig. 12, off position;
• set the gear shift lever 5 (Fig. 3) to the neutral position (position between the first and second gears);
• carry out the preparatory work presented in the engine operating manual;
• engine throttle control lever 3 (Fig. 3) is located on the right handlebar grip of the walk-behind tractor;
• start the engine, following the instructions in the engine operation manual;
• after warming up the engine, switch to the operating mode.

Depending on the type of work to be performed, set the required speed and engage the required gear. Gear shifting is carried out by lever 5 (Fig. 3) of the walk-behind tractor reducer. The number of gears and the position of the lever - according to the sticker on the wheel shield. The operating mode is carried out by smoothly moving the clutch lever to the "On" position (Fig. 1

Running in a new walk-behind tractor.

The first 25 hours of operation of the walk-behind tractor is the period of running-in of its parts and assemblies, therefore, overloading the walk-behind tractor during this period is unacceptable.

Start working on the walk-behind tractor only after the engine has warmed up.

Till the soil (when working with a cultivator) in two or three steps at a depth of no more than 10 cm in one pass; we recommend cultivating the soil in second gear

Use the throttle lever no more than half its travel.

Do not allow the walk-behind tractor engine to operate with the gear engaged and the clutch disengaged.

Stopping the walk-behind tractor.

To stop the walk-behind tractor, do the following:

• move the clutch control lever to the “off” position (Fig. 12);
• set the throttle control lever to the “Stop” position;
• turn off the ignition by pressing the "Stop" button on the engine, check if the gas tank tap is closed.

OPERATION OF THE MOTORBLOCK FAVORIT.

Running in a new walk-behind tractor.

The change in the speed of soil cultivation is achieved by changing the gear ratio of the V-belt transmission by rearranging the pulleys installed on the engine gearbox and the walk-behind tractor gearbox (See section 7.4). After changing the gear ratio of the V-belt drive, adjust it (See section 7.3).

Start the engine. Engage second gear. The gear must be engaged when the clutch lever is in the "On" position. Slow movement of the clutch lever from the "Off" position to the "On" position will cause a rotary movement of the rotors currently installed on the output shaft of the walk-behind tractor gearbox.

The depth of tillage (up to 25 cm) depends on the position of the coulter: the deeper the coulter enters the ground, the deeper it is cultivated. Set the required coulter position after selecting the required tillage depth. Work a small area of ​​soil, determine how deep the revolving knives go, and position the opener in the position you want. If the required depth is not reached, remove one pair of rotors.

The required width of the cultivated soil is regulated by installing two, four or six rotors.

If the engine of the walk-behind tractor increases the speed with a simultaneous decrease in the working depth, press the handles of the steering wheel, deepen the opener.

If the walk-behind tractor does not move forward, and the rotors are "buried", slightly lift it by the handlebars and take it out of this position.

If the walk-behind tractor "leads" towards the treated area, it means that part of the rotor goes along the treated soil. Move the walk-behind tractor in the opposite direction.

When working on loose soil, make sure that the rotors do not sink completely into the soil, thereby overloading the engine.

On hard soils, virgin and turf areas, process in several passes, each time increasing the working depth, changing the position of the opener. At the same time, good crushing of soil lumps is achieved and its most uniform structure is ensured. The processing of the above soils should be carried out with a minimum rotational speed of the cultivator knives (in 1st gear).

In order to avoid trampling the cultivated soil, it is possible to turn the steering handles to the required angle, which allows the operator to be behind, to the side of the walk-behind tractor.

In order to avoid trampling the cultivated soil, it is possible to turn the steering handles to the required angle, which allows the operator to be behind, to the side of the walk-behind tractor. When processing the soil, constantly monitor the maintenance of the horizontal position of the walk-behind tractor.

When working the soil on slopes, be especially careful when changing direction of travel. Guide the cultivator diagonally or across the slope surface. Moving the cultivator on a slope with a slope of more than 15 ° is not allowed.

When finishing work on the walk-behind tractor:

• move the clutch control lever to the "off" position;
• move the throttle control lever to the “Stop” position;
• turn on the neutral gear of the gearbox;
• turn off the ignition by pressing the "Stop" button;
• close the fuel cock.
• Carry out the necessary maintenance of the walk-behind tractor (Section 8).

Work with additional attachments to the walk-behind tractor.

Carefully study the Manual (instruction) for the operation of the attached (trailed) implement. According to the manual (instructions) for the operation of the attached (trailed) implement, prepare it for work. Connect the mounted (trailed) implement to the walk-behind tractor.

To work with active attachments (mower, snow blower, etc.), you must:

• loosen the rod fastening with the handle 2 (Fig. 3);
• turn the steering wheel with controls by 180 °;
• tighten the rod fastening with knob 2 (Fig. 3).

On the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor, there is a power take-off shaft with a single-strand pulley installed on it, for driving attachments. The drive is carried out by an additional V-belt supplied with the specific unit.

Use lugs to work with a plow, hiller, walk-behind shovel and snow blower.

V-belt transmission regulation.

Adjust the V-belt drive by moving the engine relative to the walk-behind tractor frame. To do this, remove the protective cover and loosen the nuts securing the engine to the frame and the jumpers between the engine gearbox and the steering wheel support.

The engine is positioned in such a way that when the clutch is engaged, the belt branch is bent by the effort of a finger by 30 ... 40 mm at an equidistant distance between the pulleys.

With the clutch engaged, the belt should not touch the upper and lower stops. The gap between the belt and the lower stop is within 7… 15 mm (Fig. 8).

Adjust the tension of the clutch cable with the adjusting screw (Fig. 12) by loosening the lock nut on the clutch lever housing.

The tension in the clutch cable should be minimal, but not cause the V-belt to slip. The criteria for failure and the limiting state of the belts should be considered a break, cracks with a depth to the bearing layer, delamination by more than 1/3 of the length and the impossibility of compensating for belt elongation in the drive of the walk-behind tractor.

ATTENTION! When securing the engine, check the location of the working grooves of the V-belt pulleys, they should be located in the same plane. Permissible deviation is not more than 2.5 mm.

Speed ​​regulation.

On the walk-behind tractor, it is possible to increase the number of speeds by installing two-strand pulleys (Fig. 10). To do this, remove the cover 1 (Fig. 3) and the drive belt 1 from the groove "A". Unscrew the bolts securing the pulleys 2 and 3, remove the pulleys, and, turning both pulleys 180 °, install them in their original places and fasten them with bolts. Install the drive belt on the stream "B".

Rice. 10. V-belt transmission (The motor-block engine belt cover is removed).

1 - belt B (B) - 850 - IV; 2 - driven pulley; 3 - driving pulley; 4 - oil filler hole of the engine reducer.

Rice. 11. Position of the ignition switch when the walk-behind tractor is running.

1 - ignition switch.

Regulation of the position of the steering wheel of the walk-behind tractor.

The handlebar height is adjusted as follows:

• loosen the handle 4 of the steering wheel fastening (Fig. 3);
• raise or lower the handlebar to the required height and tighten the handle 4.

To turn the steering wheel, loosen the handle 2 (Fig. 3), turn the steering wheel to the required angle and tighten the handle.

Maintenance consists of washing, refueling, lubricating, checking and tightening all threaded connections.

Caring for the outer surfaces of the walk-behind tractor.

At the end of work on the walk-behind tractor, it must be washed from dirt, sand and other inclusions until they are completely removed.

Check the tightness of all screw connections.

Carry out maintenance of the engine in accordance with the operating manual for the engine of the walk-behind tractor.

Maintenance of the walk-behind tractor.

Before using, check:

• oil level in the engine, engine gearbox;
• reliability of fastening the available parts of the walk-behind tractor;
• condition of the driving V-belt;
• pressure in the pulleys.

Every 25 ... 30 hours of operation:

• adjust the V-belt transmission;
• check the amount of oil in the walk-behind tractor gearbox (see p. 5.3).

STORAGE RULES OF THE MOTORBLOCK.

Store the tiller in a room with natural ventilation. It is not allowed to store the walk-behind tractor and its accessories in the same room with active chemical substances.

Short-term storage of the walk-behind tractor (up to one month).

Carry out the work according to item 8.1 and carry out the corresponding work in accordance with the operation manual for the engine.

Long-term storage of the Favorit walk-behind tractor.

Perform work according to clause 9.1. Lubricate all moving (rotational and translational) parts and the tool with engine oil or grease. Carry out appropriate work on the engine in accordance with the engine manual. For a long storage period, put the walk-behind tractor on a stand. Inspect the walk-behind tractor once every three months. If a coating violation or rust formation is found, it is necessary to clean this area and lubricate or paint over it.

At the end of storage, before starting operation, de-preserve the walk-behind tractor in accordance with clause 5.1.

FAULTS AND METHODS OF THEIR ELIMINATION.

See the operation manual for the walk-behind tractor engine and use the recommendations given in the table.

LIST OF AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS WHICH ARE RECOMMENDED FOR USE WITH FAVORIT MOTORBLOC.

1. Plow P1 - 20/2 or the plow of the MK Krot motor-cultivator.
2. Hiller OH - 2/2.
3. Hitch CB 1/1 MB Favorite.
4. Lugs 460x160.
5. Trailed trolley TPM-350-2 MB Favorit, TO-200 MK Krot.
6. Shovel (blade for snow) motoblock MB Favorit.
7. Motor-block sweeping brush ShchM-0,9 Favorite.
8. Motoblock mower KM - 0.5 MB Favorite.
9. Snow blower motor-block SM-0.6 MB Favorite.
10. Harrow.
11. Potato digger KV - 2.
12. Frame SU - 4.

The technical characteristics and the procedure for connecting attachments to the Favorit walk-behind tractor are described in the operating manual for the corresponding implements, and you can also look at the website: in the sections gardening equipment and useful information about gardening equipment. The mass of the transported cargo in the trailer trolley must not exceed 200 kg.
Operating instructions (manual) for motor cultivators mole model: MK-3-04, MK-3-06, MK-4-01, MK-5-01, MK-6-01, MK-7-01, MK-8- 01 "
Pumping unit UN - 1 for the "KROT" motor-cultivator
Operating manual for the Krot cultivator (models MK-5-01, MK-9-01)

A guide for gardeners and gardeners. Motoblocks type MB. Oka, Neva, Cascade. Device, diagnostics, repair catalog of main parts mounted implements and aggregates. >> V-belt transmission. Device.

The V-belt transmission of the MB-1 and MB-2 motoblocks performs the function of a transmission and a clutch mechanism and provides:

Transfer of torque from the engine crankshaft to the gearbox input shaft;

Disconnecting the engine from the gearbox during gear shifting and smoothly connecting them again, excluding sudden changes in the load on the engine;

Smooth starting of the walk-behind tractor and stopping it without stopping the engine,

V-belt transmissions of MB-2 (Fig. 28) and MB-1 (Fig. 29) walk-behind tractors are structurally different, which is caused by the use of gearboxes of various types in them.

Rice. 28. V-belt transmission of the MB-2 walk-behind tractor: 1 - spring; 2 - bar; 3 - ring B20; 4 - washer; 5 - gearbox input shaft pulley; 6 - key; 7 - bolt М8-18-Ц; 8 - washer A8: P - washer 8T; 10 - nut 8-ts; 11 - pulley casing; 12 - shield; 13 - bolt; 14 - washer; 15 - tensioner pulley; 16 - belt AX-1180; 17 - key; 18 - ring B25; 19 - pulley of the engine output shaft; 20 - bolt М8; 21 - bracket; 22 - bushing; 23 - bracket; 24 - split pin 2x16: 25 - spring

The transmission is engaged by tensioning the belt with a tensioner pulley. As can be seen from Fig. 28 and 29, the fundamental difference between them is the use of actually two V-belt gears in the MB-1 walk-behind tractor: one for engaging the forward gear, the other for the reverse, while in the MB-2 walk-behind tractor, the reverse gear is activated using a gearbox, and the need in the belt, the reverse gear disappears.

Rice. 29. V-belt transmission of the Motoblock MB-1: 1 - pulley of the tensioner forwards; 2 - bracket; 3 - washer; 4 - pulley of the reverse tensioning device; 5 - spring; b - key; 7 - pulley of the output shaft of the engine; 8 - spring; Р - locking screw; 10 - bracket; 11 - key; 12 - thrust for engaging forward motion; 13 - forward drive belt A-1210vn III; 14 - reverse drive belt 0-1400 I; 15 - gearbox input shaft pulley; 16 - thrust for engaging reverse gear; 17 - pulley casing; 18 - shield; 19 - bar; 20 - spring; 21 - spring; 22 - bracket; 23 - bolt