Overloading of vehicles is one of the main problems of destruction of the road surface, which the authorities are trying to combat more actively. Only in 2014, 3 laws were adopted that changed the rules for the passage of heavy vehicles. Below we will consider the concept of overloading a car and the penalty for overloading, which can be issued to you for excess weight in 2020.

The overload of the car is called the axle load - the load of the mass of the car, which is transmitted to the roadway by the wheels of each axle.

The mass of the car (both full and equipped) is calculated by the following ratio: . Often, more of the load falls on the rear axle than on the front because of this. That the cargo compartment of the car is at the rear, and the front part is mainly loaded from the power unit and the cab.

On some sections of the route, and almost in front of every bridge, you can see the sign 3.12, which indicates the weight limit for vehicles that can pass through it. If the load on any of the axles of the car exceeds that indicated on the prohibition sign, the driver is obliged to drive a section of the road in a different way, where the permissible weight is greater than the load on the axle of the car. Ignoring signs is subject to a fine in accordance with article 12.21.1, part 5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.

“Ignoring the requirements indicated on the prohibition signs 3.12 and the passage of a car or truck whose load on any axle or the total actual mass exceeds the specified weight and there is no overload permit allowing the passage, a fine is imposed on the driver - 2-2.5 thousand rubles».

The established limits of permissible loads on the axles of a two-axle car can be seen in the table:

Group "A" includes cars that are allowed to operate on roads of categories 1-3. For group "B" operation on roads of any categories is allowed.

Danger of overloading a truck

Many are wondering what threatens the overload of the car, that it is being watched so closely at checkpoints. Several factors that are considered dangerous in terms of traffic rules:

• road breaking
• Probability of accidents when driving on bridges and old structures
• Lengthening the stopping distance, which can lead to an accident

Note that the stopping distance is lengthened by the inertia of the load and makes it more likely for the car to skid, which is inevitable in rainy weather and ice. And if the load is poorly attached and “walks” around the trunk, the risk of a car tipping over and, as a result, an accident increases greatly.

The driver is responsible for the overloaded vehicle.

KP weight check

Checkpoints are set up to check the mass of the vehicle per axle of the vehicle. In case of excess weight, a fine is imposed on the driver under part 3, article 12.21.1:

“Transportation of goods of a large mass exceeding the maximum allowable axle load specified in the permit entails a fine - 1500-2000 rubles for ordinary workers, 10000-15000 for officials and 250000-400000 for legal entities».

Permissible overload of a truck, according to this article, is no more than 5%.

To travel freely with bulky goods, need to get special permission, which is issued on specialized Internet services or by the consignor himself. Driving without a permit is a reason for drawing up an administrative protocol under Article 12.21.1, paragraph 1:

"Transportation of heavy loads without a special permit and a special pass, if obtaining it is mandatory or deviating from the route specified in the permit, is punishable by a fine of 2,000 to 500,000 rubles."

Naturally, not every shipper is honest about the weight of their own trailer. In papers, they indicate one data, while in fact a serious advantage can be observed. In this case, the driver has to pay, as the traffic police issue a fine for overloading the truck on its owner. If the driver values ​​work, he will have to pay a fine, depending on the greed of the inspector or the amount of overload. The law provides for the following numbers:

“If the driver provided inaccurate data on the dimensions of the cargo, which led to a violation of the rules for transporting heavy cargo, a fine of 5000 rubles. If the driver is a legal entity, the fine will be from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles».

It should be noted that for a significant excess of cargo, your vehicle may be threatened with being sent to an impound lot until the fine is paid in order to exclude the possibility of transportation with repeated overload.

Rules for the transportation of oversized cargo

When transporting bulky cargo, one cannot ignore the transportation rules described in the SDA, paragraph 23.4:

“If the cargo on the vehicle protrudes more than 1 meter from the rear or 40 centimeters on the sides, it must be marked with signs “oversized cargo” during the daytime. At night, it is required to additionally install white reflectors or a lantern in front, and equip the load with red reflectors at the back.

But in addition to the traffic rules in the Code of Administrative Offenses, part 2, the following amendment is indicated:

“Transportation of goods that exceed the dimensions inscribed in the special permit, more than 10 centimeters - entails the imposition a fine from 1,500 to 400,000 rubles».

Car overload

The Code of Administrative Offenses states in plain text that truck drivers pay a fine for overloading cars along the axles, but there is not a word about overloading passenger cars. But do not think that sophisticated traffic police inspectors will not be able to find a reason to issue a fine. Especially when the car is overloaded with passengers or cargo.

Why is overloading a passenger car also considered dangerous:

• The maximum allowable load on a car according to the documentation is indicated in the range of 250-600 UAH. Exceeding this value can be fraught with consequences that affect the spars, shock absorbers and frames.
• An overloaded car has very poor road holding. If the main load falls on the trunk, then the center of gravity shifts and the front of the car will skid when cornering. When braking hard, the car can completely lose control.
• An overloaded car with a rear bumper can rub against the canvas, which is equivalent to damage to state property.

If for any reason you have to overload your car, try to drive in the first lane and at a maximum speed of 50 km/h. Thus, you are unlikely to be stopped by the inspector and save the car's suspension.

Car overload penalty

As mentioned above, there is no article on overloading a passenger car, but you can fall under other fines. Following paragraph 22.8 of the SDA, the number of passengers in the car must correspond to the characteristics of the car.

It is not allowed to carry four passengers in a four-seater sedan because there are not enough belts. So you can be punished for:

• Unfastened passenger - 1000 rubles
• Violation of transportation rules - 500 rubles

At best, you'll get a warning.

Results

As practice shows, the penalty for overload it is almost impossible to win in court. Judicial authorities will not examine the various elements of a case when there is evidence in reload. Here you need an experienced auto lawyer who is well acquainted with the specifics of this area. Only one advice can be given to drivers - carefully check the cargo before transporting it!

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4 comments

Hello Daria, such a question was stopped at the weight control post, my truck tractor was weighed according to the total mass of overload, but the axes showed what it is, what threatens me in this case and is there any deprivation for this?

Good afternoon. Tell me, please: I am driving a passenger car (Mitsubishi Pajero4) with a trailer with a maximum permissible weight of up to 750 kg, do I violate traffic rules if the weight of the trailer itself is 465 kg, and the weight of the load is 660 kg (2 ATVs)? If so, how is it provable and what does it threaten.

Good afternoon. Tell me, please: I am driving a car (gross weight 1860 kg) with a trailer with a maximum permissible weight of up to 1300 kg, do I violate traffic rules if the weight of the trailer itself is 465 kg, and the weight of the load is 800 kg (excavator)? If yes, what is the danger? Thank you.

Please clarify, I am towing a Tuareg with a permitted mass of 2800, a trailer with a permitted mass of 750, on which a boat with an engine of 130 + 70 kg. Do I need category E and what is the punishment? Thank you.

The quality of Russian roads leaves much to be desired. The well-known statement of the Russian classic regarding the two main troubles of Russia, unfortunately, is still relevant today. In addition to poor-quality, one might say, surface repairs of roads, the traffic load has a great influence on its condition. It is overloaded trucks, according to experts, that are the main destructive force. They decided to fight this by using a special penalty for overloading the axle, which was doubled in 2016. Restoring roads requires a lot of money, and the increased penalty is a strong argument in favor of abandoning the congestion.

As practice shows, a large proportion of long-distance transportation falls on the Gazelle - a small-tonnage car, without additional seats for passengers. Despite the fact that their permitted weight does not exceed the permissible norm for city roads and highways, the amount of the penalty has been increased for them as well. Of course, the quality of the roads is also of great importance. Everyone knows that local governments often like to save budget funds in these works, as a result, the service life is significantly reduced. In the struggle for a decent road surface, the leadership of some regions of the country holds repairmen and builders liable if the quality of work does not meet the declared standards.

Consequences of overloading the car

If for a moment we leave the issue of the destruction of the roadway and look at the consequences of overloading from the position of the car, we get the following picture:

• there is an intensive consumption of fuel and other substances;
• the process of wear of the gearbox, clutch, brake system, suspension, seat lock is accelerated. The axle of the car also suffers;
• the maneuverability of the truck is deteriorating. This is due to the erasure of the pattern on the rubber.

If you are not embarrassed by the fact that overloading a truck is the main reason for the poor quality of Russian roads, then at least think about your car. By following the rules dictated by the traffic police in 2016, you have every chance to extend the life of your iron horse. Save money on forced repair work, and be able to carry out the transportation of goods on time, without any delay. If we consider the overload on the axle from this point of view, it turns out that breaking the law is more expensive for ourselves. Well, do not forget about the increased penalty for overload. So it turns out that it is cheaper and safer to still comply with the adopted law.

Basic road requirements

If you managed to get caught on your Gazelle by representatives of the authorities (in this case, traffic police officers) and earn a fine, whatever it may be, then we recommend that you do not rush to pay it. You may have a chance to appeal it. Oddly enough, but the law provides for cases where you can significantly reduce the amount of an administrative penalty. True, for this you will need to put forward a counter appeal to the court. That is the law. It is advisable to do this when you have been issued a large fine for overloading.

Cases when it is possible to put forward a counterclaim for axle overload:

• if the road on which the violation was recorded by the traffic police inspector does not meet all regulatory requirements for the load;
• there is a gross violation of the established rules during the construction of the road;
• the roadway is far from the standards of SNiP 2.05.02-85.

If at least one moment is present, you have every chance to reduce the amount of the administrative penalty. How much you end up paying will depend on the court.

Gazelles are the first to suffer from the poor quality of roads. And this applies to both trucks and cars, which implies the presence of a certain number of passengers in the cabin. A road that complies with all SNiP standards must withstand the standard vertical and short-term load without any problems. The roadbed must remain intact and intact.

In 2016, it is customary to distinguish 5 categories of road:

• 1st and 2nd category. This is a permanent asphalt pavement. A load of up to 10 tons per axle is allowed here. This is the maximum.
• 3rd category. Improved, gravel-asphalt pavement. Just as in the first two categories, a vehicle axle load of up to 10 tons is allowed.
• 4th category. There is a hard gravel surface here. The maximum permissible load on the axle of the car is 6 tons.
• 5th category. A road without a hard surface, which is laid on the ground. The maximum axle load must not exceed 6 tons.

How is the axle load penalty determined?

It would be a little strange to assume that traffic police inspectors determine the overload of the car by eye. It is simply impossible to determine the percentage of Gazelle overload without passengers in this way, even for the most experienced employees. The only moment that a violation can give out is curved springs, which inevitably deform under the weight of the transported materials. If you consider yourself an experienced driver, you should know that there are special traffic police weighing points that are installed right on the roads. If you suspect that the car is overloaded, the traffic police inspector has the right to ask you to enter the control scales. If the suspicions are confirmed, a protocol of violation of traffic rules is immediately drawn up.

Discrepancies between the actual weight and that indicated in the accompanying documents in 2016 are punished as follows:

• The driver receives a fine of 5,000 rubles.
• The person responsible for preparing the accompanying documents for the car will pay from 10,000 to 15,000 rubles.
• The transport company, which, in fact, sent the transport on a flight, will pay from 250,000 to 400,000 rubles.

If you sum up all these fines, then a violation of the established norms in 2016 can cost a fortune. If, nevertheless, there is a need to transport heavy cargo without passengers over a long distance, then it makes sense to visit Avtodor and try to get an appropriate decision. And don't let the paperwork scare you. In this case, it will definitely not be superfluous. Avtodor can completely legalize your dangerous and heavy cargo. The route, weight, contents, etc. will be taken into account. Having spent a little time on issuing a permit, you can safely set off on a journey with peace of mind, and not think about what fine you will have to pay.

Damage billing

In 2016, the Code of Administrative Offenses determines the amount of the fine for an overloaded car based on the condition of the local Federal road. The main indicator is the damage from a truck on a road section of 100 km. It is not at all difficult to calculate the damage from a particular percentage of overload:

• overload 2 -10% - 925 rubles;
• overload 10-20% - 1120 rubles;
• overload 20-30% - 2000 rubles;
• overload 30-40% - 3125 rubles;
• overload 40-50% - 4105 rubles;
• overload 50-60% - 5215 rubles.

Official data says that the damage from an overloaded truck in the Far East and Central regions is much higher than in the Volga and South regions. Based on this, penalties in the first two regions are much higher. Among other things, the law makes it possible to calculate what fine the driver will pay with an overload on the axle, depending on weather conditions. For example, in the Rostov region, a decree was issued that is designed to increase the base rates of damage that was caused in the summer, when the asphalt softens significantly. Since October, these rates are not valid.

Overloading a truck in violation of a traffic sign

Road sign number 3.12 means that the axle load must be limited. Gross violation of this warning is also fraught with consequences. If you know that the load is exceeded, then further movement along the highway, which has such a sign, means a violation of traffic rules, and this is an inevitable meeting with traffic police, fines and explanations. In this case, ignoring the sign will cost you from 2000 to 2500 rubles. And the punishment doesn't stop there. Traffic police officers have every right to take your car to the penalty area until you eliminate the overload. It's time and money. You can avoid such consequences with the help of the same Avtodor, or rather, official permission for a certain axle load. It makes sense to spend a little time getting it.

With the help of fines for overloading trucks, the state is fighting against violators of the law that establishes the maximum allowable weight of vehicles when moving them on public roads. The threat of imposition of penalties is intended to strengthen the discipline of owners and operators of heavy vehicles so that all participants in the freight transportation market comply with the standards established in domestic traffic rules and the Rules for the transport of goods by road across the territory of the Russian Federation.

Compliance with the requirements of the law is necessary, in turn, to reduce the number of overloaded trucks, which, while traveling along federal and regional highways, destroy the road surface and create emergency situations, often accompanied by human casualties. The media occasionally reports fatal accidents involving overloaded trucks. This is of great concern to the authorities, as a result of which new penalties for overloading a truck were introduced in 2017.

IMPORTANT REMARK
At the very beginning, one important informational point should be specified. Over the past few months, the Russian transport community has been buzzing with the introduction of the Platon system, designed to charge per-kilometer tolls to owners of vehicles over 12 tons. Many drivers and operators immediately came up with an excuse for themselves, they say, if I pay to Platon, I can feel calm about overloading.

REMEMBER!

The Platon system and penalties have nothing to do with each other. As President Putin once put it, repeating a well-known saying, "flies separately, cutlets separately." That is, the payment of this new duty does not exempt from liability for exceeding the permitted weight of a heavy-duty vehicle and does not reduce the amount of penalties. Let this clarification become a small brick in the foundation of your legal literacy.

What is considered an overload - criteria

Each person evaluates the capabilities of vehicles in different ways. That is why one car owner loads it within the normal range, the other exceeds it, and sometimes several times. In order to understand whether this particular vehicle is overloaded or not, a system of criteria has been developed, the analysis of which allows traffic police inspectors to establish the fact of overload.

Decree of the Russian government No. 272 ​​dated April 15, 2011, which approved the Rules for Road Cargo Transportation, establishes the following permissible masses of single vehicles:

• biaxial - 18 tons;
• three-axle - 25 tons;
• four-axle - 32 tons;
• five-axle - 35 tons.

For trailers and saddle trains, the following standards are defined:

• three-axle - 28 tons;
• four-axle - 36 tons;
• five-axle - 40 tons;
• six-axle and above - 44 tons.

If these limit values ​​are exceeded, the traffic police inspector draws up a protocol on an administrative offense and charges a fine for overloading a truck or trailer. Determining the degree of congestion by the actual mass is the main, but not the only criterion.

Load on wheel axles

To assess the congestion of vehicles, not only the gross weight is used, but also another indicator - the load on the wheel axles. The calculation of this parameter is required to determine the degree of damage to the roadway and the risk of destruction of the transport trolley, which entails an emergency.

The axle load is calculated for a specific vehicle depending on its own weight, the number of axles and the type of wheels (single or dual). The center distance also plays a role, depending on the length of the tractor and trailer. These calculations are usually automated, and online calculators can be found on the Internet for calculating axle loads for certain models of vehicles and all types of trailers.

Depending on the axle loads, all vehicles are divided into two categories - A and B. The first group includes heavy vehicles, the axle load of which is from 6 to 10 tons. These are heavy tractors such as MAZ, KrAZ and the like, which can only move along roads with speed limits (categories I, II and III). Group B includes vehicles with an axle load of up to 6 tons. These are medium-duty trucks, minibuses and small cars.

Thus, not only owners of large trucks can be penalized for axle overload. This point applies to all motor vehicle operators. If the axle load is exceeded, you can get a fine for overloading a gazelle and even a car. Of course, here the struggle is not with the destruction of the roadway - after all, a passenger car, even overloaded, will not be able to cause significant damage to the asphalt concrete surface. In this case, axle load control is carried out to prevent accidents, especially in urban areas.

Owners of small cars and passenger minibuses should not flatter themselves and feel out of reach for punishment for congestion. Yes, strictly formally, there is no special article in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation on this subject. However, penalties can be applied, if not by total mass, then by exceeding the load on the axles. In addition, for cars of category B intended for the carriage of passengers, an additional criterion for overloading is the number of passengers in the cabin - this is monitored very closely by traffic police inspectors.

Actual amounts of fines for reloading trucks in 2017

Let's move on to the most burning moment, we will tell you what the fine for overloading a truck is set by the authorities this year. Its size is determined by Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The amount of penalties depends, first of all, on whether a permit has been obtained for the movement of a given truck on a particular highway.

In the presence of such a document, the following penalties are imposed on the participants in the transportation who committed the violation (thousand rubles):

Overload	Drivers	Officials	Legal entities	Vehicle owners
2-10%	1-1,5	10-15	100-150
10-20%	3-3,5	20-25	200-250
20-50%	4-5 or deprivation of rights for 2-3 months.	30-40	300-400
St. 50%		45-50	400-500

In the event that a transportation permit was not issued, then the fines for reloading a truck in 2017 will be as follows (thousand rubles):

Overload	Drivers	Officials	Legal entities	Vehicle owners
2-10%	1-1,5	10-15	100-150
10-20%		25-30	250-300
20-50%	5-10 or deprivation of rights for 2-4 months.	35-40	350-400
St. 50%	7-10 or deprivation of rights for 4-6 months.	45-50	400-500

Note. Overload refers to the difference between the actual and permitted vehicle weight (axle load).

In addition to imposing penalties, the traffic police inspector may apply a more severe punishment - a ban on the further movement of the vehicle. In this case, the car is either placed in a penalty parking lot or blocked with the help of special technical devices.

The overloaded vehicle is delayed until the violation is corrected. If the load is divisible, then the overload is eliminated by moving part of it to another vehicle. When the objects being moved are indivisible, other methods are sought.

Other responsible parties

According to Article 12.21.1. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, not only employees of the transport company, whose car was “caught” with excess cargo, are subject to a fine for overloading a truck. In accordance with paragraphs 8, 9 and 10 of this article, both the shipper who provided incorrect information about the weight of the cargo, which led to congestion, and the company that loaded the objects of transportation on board the vehicle are subject to punishment. The maximum fine for them is 400 thousand rubles.

Violation of traffic rules

And, of course, penalties are imposed on the driver in a classic situation - when he drove under a sign that limits the mass of cars on a given section of the highway. In this case, a fine of a fixed amount of 5 thousand rubles is levied (clause 11 of article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Let us clarify that all these penalties are imposed only if a special permit for cargo transportation has not been issued, or the conditions specified in this permit have been violated.

Special permit for cargo transportation

A trucking permit is a special document issued to carriers by motorway owners. Usually these are federal, regional and municipal authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Permit is issued only for one cargo transportation. It contains information about the vehicle, characteristics of the cargo, route and terms of transportation.

The document is paid. The amount of the fee for the permit is established by the authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, through whose territory the route of cargo transportation lies. The money will be used to repair road damage. The presence of a cargo transportation permit determines what the penalty for transshipment will be imposed on the participants of this particular cargo transportation. From the tables above, it can be seen that when drawing up a document, transport companies save significant money on the payment of penalty amounts.

The presence of a permit is not associated with the Platon system. Some participants in the freight market mistakenly believe that obtaining a document exempts them from paying this additional tax. This is not true. A contribution to Plato will have to be made in any case.
Weighing to determine the fine for overloading a truck
The correctness of the determination of the mass depends on the legitimacy of the imposition of penalties. That is why two mechanisms for weighing vehicles have been put into operation - static and dynamic. In the event of disputable situations, one method is supplemented by another, which allows you to reliably establish the fact of overloading the car or, conversely, confirm its absence.

For weighing vehicles, special points are equipped where weighing equipment is installed. They can be not only stationary, but also mobile. The modern weighing platform is no longer a massive structure. Lightweight modifications are produced that can be transported by almost passenger vehicles and mounted almost anywhere on the route.

Thus, today it is not at all necessary to weigh a car to deviate from the route of transportation. The traffic police exit post can establish the fact of overloading right on the road. If the driver does not agree with the results of such a check, then in order to avoid a fine for overloading a truck, he has the right to demand re-weighing at a stationary point.

A very important aspect of weighing is the error in determining the mass of the vehicle. The statutory tolerance is 5% of the measured machine weight. In addition, the requirement for weighing equipment is the availability of a document on its verification in a specialized metrological laboratory.

Static and dynamic weighing

Static weighing involves determining the mass of a stationary car. This is the most accurate method. With this method, the machine enters the weighing platform and is fixed on it. From the resulting gross weight, the own weight of the vehicle, determined by the passport, is deducted. Information about the measurements is recorded in the computer memory and is subsequently used to determine the amount of the fine for overloading a truck in 2017. Data can be transmitted via the Internet to a single system for recording penalty payments for more effective control.

Dynamic weighing is performed while the vehicle is moving on a platform equipped with special sensors. The driving speed must not exceed 5 km/h. Sensors sequentially record the mass during the passage of each wheel pair. Then, specialized software uses a special formula to calculate the resulting load on each axle. The calculations take into account the type of transport, the number of axles, the type of wheels and other factors.

Is it possible to avoid paying a fine for overloading?

Legal practice shows that it is almost impossible to challenge the decision on recovery in court. However, this possibility always remains. In any case, the legislation does not prohibit the owner of a vehicle from appealing penalties in court. Since the fine for overloading a truck in 2017 is a very large amount, it is advisable for the owner of the car to at least make an attempt to cancel the penalty.

As before, in 2017, 10 days are allotted for the submission of properly executed objections. The grounds for appealing the fine may be incorrect execution of the protocol, as well as inaccuracies in weighing. Legally competent drafting of the document can help in resolving this situation.

Fines for reloading trucks and equipment of the Platon system

At the very beginning, we said that the fines for congestion in 2017 are in no way related to the Platon system. Yes, this is true, but her equipment could well be used for control functions. At a meeting of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, held on February 27 this year, it was decided to create about 400 points on federal highways by 2021, where automatic weighing of heavy trucks will be carried out without stopping them. At the same time, photo and video shooting will be carried out with the help of Platon's cameras.

Such a mechanism will allow organizing total control over the facts of congestion of vehicles. In this way, the authorities hope to ensure the fulfillment of obligations to pay fines for overloading a truck. It remains to be hoped that the planned measures will be effective and will increase the discipline of the transport market players, and, more broadly, of all road users in general. As a result, our roads will become safer and more comfortable for movement.

Russian trunk roads, not to mention urban ones, often do not stand up to scrutiny. It is believed that overloaded vehicles have the main destructive effect. There are a lot of cars of various carrying capacity on the roads. When the maximum permissible loads on the roadway are exceeded, the roads are destroyed. Money is needed to restore the road. Therefore, the penalty for overloading is doubled.

According to the new version of the SDA and the Code of Administrative Offenses, the amount of damage that overloaded vehicles cause to roads has begun to be assessed more strictly.

For transportation, small-tonnage Gazelles are often used. The punishment for them is also increased. This is despite the fact that their permitted weight does not exceed the norm for the load not only on the highway, but also on any city road.

Roads are also destroyed because of their poor quality. The leadership of some regions of the Russian Federation are trying to bring to justice the builders and repairmen who are in charge of the roads. If the roadway does not withstand the terms of operation provided for by law, the court punishes them.

Road Requirements

When receiving large fines for overloading, in some cases it is not worth paying them right away. There are times when the law allows you to reduce liability and, when applying to the court, put forward a counterclaim.

1. The road on which the excess was recorded does not meet the regulatory requirements for the load (GOST 52748-2007).
2. During the construction of the road, the rules "Automobile roads" SP 34.1330.2012 were violated.
3. "Road clothes" does not meet the requirements of SNiP 2.05.02-85.

Poor quality “Roadwear” often leads to breakdowns of such popular city trucks and cars as Gazelles. "Road clothes" is a term from SNiP. It implies that the road must withstand the standard vertical, short-term load without destroying the roadway.

The rules for the transportation of goods on the territory of the Russian Federation are given in government decree No. 272. According to the tables given in the "Rules", you can determine the weight of the cargo that can be transported without violating traffic rules and without receiving a fine for overloading.

Annex 1- the mass of a single vehicle (meaning, without a trailer), with static weighing, should not exceed:

• 18 tons for a 2-axle vehicle;
• 25 tons for 3-axle;
• 32 tons for 4-axle;
• 35 tons for 5 axles.

Annex 2- the permissible loads on the axles of the vehicle are indicated, with dynamic weighing.

For single vehicles, with a distance between axles of 2.5 meters, the axle load must not exceed:

• 6 tons for a road designed for 6 tons;
• 10 tons for a road designed for 10 tons.

Popular Gazelles, depending on the modification, have a distance between the axles from 2.9 to 3.5 meters.

The law allows setting a vehicle overload on private roads that differs from the norms of Decree No. 272. To do this, appropriate road signs are installed on the road, information on the permissible axle load of the vehicle must be posted on the official website of the road.

The traffic police determines the overload

On the roads, traffic police inspectors determine the weight of the cargo in three ways:

• Checking the accompanying documentation for the cargo.
• At a stationary weighing point.
• At a point equipped with dynamic weighing equipment.

Static weighing: the car enters the scales, the inspector registers the total mass of the vehicle. Often, gazelles passing along intercity highways are checked in this way.

Dynamic weighing: the car passes through the weighing area at a speed not exceeding 5 km/h. The new method is used on Federal Highways.

The devices determine the actual mass of the vehicle and the load on each of the axles. If the allowed values ​​are exceeded, a protocol is automatically issued. The measurement error, with properly installed equipment, is low.

When the requirements for operation are violated, the error can reach 3%. The driver considers the measurement results to be too high - this fact must be indicated in the protocol. Then the liability in the form of a fine will be reduced. This is especially important when the fine for legal entities reaches half a million.

Damage billing

The Code of Administrative Offenses imposes a fine for overloading, taking into account the local conditions of the Federal Highway. The damage caused to a 100 km section of the road is taken as the baseline. When the truck overload is:

• 2-10%, damage = 925 rubles.
• 10-20% damage=1120.
• 20-30% damage=2000.
• 30-40% damage=3125.
• 40-50% damage=4105.
• 50-60% damage=5215.

According to official information, the damage caused by overloaded vehicles in the Central and Far Eastern regions is approximately 3 times higher than in the Southern and Volga regions. Accordingly, the penalty for overloading there will also be higher.

The law allows you to calculate the damage from the passage of cars in excess of the permitted axle load, depending on weather conditions. The government of the Rostov region recently issued a decree proposing to increase the base rates for damage caused by overloaded vehicles in the summer, when the asphalt surface softens.

Farmers, owners of Gazelle 33023, should not be afraid of an increase in the fine in hot weather, the total mass of the car is unlikely to exceed the standard so much as to leave a noticeable mark on the road.

Punishment from the Code of Administrative Offenses

The Code of Administrative Offenses imposes a penalty for exceeding the permitted weight of the vehicle or for increasing the axle load in excess of the data specified in the technical documentation for the vehicle. Article 12.21.1 determines the amount of the fine for the carriage of goods in excess of the norm. It is different for a driver, an employee who draws up documents for transportation, for an organization (legal entity). For overload, the penalty is assigned depending on the percentage of exceeding the standard:

The law gives drivers the opportunity to replace fines for overloading with deprivation of rights for a period of 2-4 months (clause 3), 4-6 months (clause 6). Responsibility for the carriage of goods under a special permit is defined in clauses 4.5. The Code of Administrative Offenses also paid attention to individual entrepreneurs. They can receive a fine from 80 to 100 thousand (clause 10).

How is overload calculated?

Before concluding a contract for transportation, it is necessary to find out what kind of cargo can be transferred. Starting from an excess of 2%, an overload penalty will have to be paid. The cargo is transported along the route, where there are weighing points. It doesn't matter if it's stationary or dynamic. The principle of calculation is the same for any type of weighing. Let's make it on the example of Gazelle-Business.

From the technical documentation we get:

• Permitted weight = 3.5 tons.
• Equipped = 1.79 tons.
• Gross weight = 3.5 is taken as 100%.

Weight measured at a stationary point = 3.6. Weight difference = 100 kg. Overload percentage = (0.1 tons * 100%) / 3.5 tons ≈ 2.8% Let's look at the penalty the law provides for an overload of 2.8%. We subtract the weight of the cargo from the total mass and evaluate whether the order will bring profit or loss.

The calculation of the maximum axle load is carried out in a similar way. Then the calculation results for each of the axes are added up. At weighing points, the measurement accuracy can be ≈ 3%. Therefore, the difference between the authorized and curb weight (cargo weight) must be increased by 3%. We determine which way the goods need to be transported. Now you can sign the contract.

Reading time: 5 minutes

Truck overload penalties in 2020 are designed to overcome one of the main violations of the rules of transportation. Transport owners or drivers themselves frankly neglect the established regulatory requirements for the technical capabilities of cars: they try to load cars to the fullest, to the very eyeballs.

What is overload

Overload is a common occurrence. For some reason, I want to move as much cargo as possible in one go. And not always the motives for excessive vehicle congestion are associated with commercial gain.

Overload is an excess of technically permissible and safe parameters. In the field of road transport, overload is considered to be excessive heaviness, excess weight of materials located on the vehicle platform.

The fact of overload is established in accordance with certain lifting capabilities of the vehicle.

The curb weight of the vehicle is transferred to the road surface through the wheels of one axle. Overload is determined by special calculations based on the ratio of the total weight of the car and its distribution on the front and rear axles. As a rule, increased loads fall on the rear axle.

Certain sections of the road are equipped with a prohibition sign 3.12, which regulates the limiting indicators of axle loads. If the actual weight on one of the axles exceeds the specified value, then an overload is recorded. The driver should choose a different route to bypass the stretch of road with the restriction sign. Otherwise, the law in 2020 provides for a fine for overloading the axle.

The road picture has already become familiar, when a barely moving truck, filled to the brim with various materials, interferes with the normal movement of vehicles. Therefore, the established penalty for overloading a truck looks quite reasonable and necessary.

What is the danger

There are disappointing statistics showing that overload can turn into real tragedies and end in death. Statistics state that approximately 20% of all freight vehicles move with a weight exceeding the permissible norms. Overload leads to:

• accelerated wear of the vehicle;
• destruction of the road surface;
• increased consumption of fuel and lubricants;
• lengthening the stopping distance;
• increased stress on the seat lock;
• accelerated wear of a number of components (gearboxes, clutches, suspensions, brake pads);
• intensive tire wear;
• reduced maneuverability;
• the threat of overturning vehicles;
• increased risk of accidents.

Since September 1, 2015, fines for overloading a truck have been correlated with the updated norms for the permissible mass of a vehicle.

How is overload determined?

The overload is calculated by linking the maximum mass of the car to the roads of a certain category. To accurately determine the overload, special equipment is used. The recorded data are correlated with indicators from the reference literature. It contains various types of vehicles, the permissible axle load is described in detail.

Weighing a truck is carried out in dynamic or static form. The dynamic type of weighing is carried out without a complete stop of the machine. However, its speed must not exceed 5 km/h.

Truck scales fix the loads on each of the axles, and then determine the total weight of the car. This type of weighing is characterized by the presence of tangible errors in the range of 0.5–3%.

The static type of weighing is implemented in cases of a complete stop of the machine. This weighing method is more accurate. It is optimally used in commercial measurements of vehicle mass.

Legislative acts provide for permissible errors when weighing a car on special platforms. Acceptable figures are set at 5% between the permissible and the established weight.

If the overload goes beyond this figure, the traffic police inspector will issue a protocol for an administrative violation and establish how much the fine for overloading the truck will be in monetary terms. Traffic police officers take into account the mass indicators of the equipped car indicated in the accompanying documentation. Reconciliation of the declared parameters with the real ones makes it possible to determine the extent of excess loads and the corresponding types of penalties.

Penalties

Exceeding the permissible loads on the axle or the established dimensions are classified as violations. The penalty is fundamentally different for different categories of violators and depending on the size of the overload.

A separate category is formed by fines for axle overload during the spring road closure. The law allows to establish variable sizes of punishment in different regions of the country. For example, the same violation in the Southern and Far Eastern regions may differ by 3 times.

Possibilities are provided to determine the damage caused by overloaded vehicles due to weather conditions. Base rates increase for summer time. During this period, the asphalt pavement of the road softens and, under significant weight, lends itself to irreversible deformation.

Who pays

In each specific situation, the question is decided who pays the fine for overloading the car in 2020 and in what amount. Both individuals and officials will have to pay for the overload:

• drivers;
• individuals;
• legal entities;

Amount of the fine

With a minimum excess of permissible norms (2–10%), the following administrative penalties are established:

• a driver convicted of overloading will pay 1000–1500 rubles;
• an individual will be fined 10,000–15,000 rubles;
• for legal entities, the fine will be 100,000–150,000 rubles;
• Individual entrepreneurs pay fines for the category of legal entities.

Since 2016, fines have been established for overloading on axes on the consignor. In case of violation and established guilt, the consignor (LLC) will have to pay a tidy sum - 250,000 rubles. It is shippers who often indicate underestimated data on the mass of materials and record them in waybills. At the same time, drivers are not always informed about the real overload.

There is no unequivocal answer regarding the fine for reloading the GAZelle in 2020. At autoforums, it is recognized that these vehicles are only punished for violating the rules for transporting goods. Usually the penalty is 500 rubles.

You can see the summary. It contains the values ​​​​of various sizes of penalties, depending on many details. According to the table, it is quite easy to determine which fine for overloading a truck in 2020 is set for specific situations.

If the sign is additionally violated

The size of the fine for overloading a truck in 2020 is significantly increased for a driver who has violated the requirements of a road sign - an offender driving a car with overload without special permission will pay 5,000 rubles.

How to pay

The system of payment of fines for overload does not differ from the generally established rules. Existing mechanisms provide for the possibility of paying a fine for reloading at a discount. But it is necessary to make sure that a note about such a possibility is made in the decision.

Is it possible not to pay

But not always after the imposition of a penalty in large amounts for reloading the vehicle, you need to immediately pay for them. In some circumstances, you can reduce liability and. This is possible when:

• the road surface does not meet the technical parameters according to SNiP (building codes and regulations);
• during the construction of the pavement, the joint venture (set of rules) was violated;
• the road does not meet the load standards established by GOST.

Of course, in these cases, you can not do without the help of a lawyer who knows the finer points of the road. Therefore, it is easier to avoid overloading freight transport and burdensome (in terms of time and financial costs) additional troubles.

What threatens to overload the car: Video