Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The kite rose from the clearing,
He soared high into the sky;
Higher and farther it curls -
And so he went beyond the horizon!

Mother Nature gave him
Two powerful, two living wings -
And here I am, covered in sweat and dust.
I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..

Young Tyutchev had to begin his career with service abroad, and over several decades he managed to visit France and Germany. In recent years, the poet served abroad in Munich, a city that became almost home to him. The author did not dream of returning to Russia, although he understood that sooner or later this would happen anyway. At that moment, he was most occupied with thoughts of a philosophical nature, the poet tried to comprehend the essence of things and find answers to questions about why, even in his beloved Munich, next to his adored wife, from time to time he experiences a feeling of all-consuming melancholy.

In 1835, Tyutchev created a poem entitled “From the Clearing the Kite Arose...”, in which he tried to understand the reason for the conflicting feelings that periodically beset him, preventing him from enjoying social and family life. The reason for writing this poem was the observation of a kite, which, before the poet’s eyes, soared into the sky, rising higher and higher until it completely “went beyond the horizon.” Tyutchev watched his flight with admiration and some secret envy, as he understood that this proud bird was given something that is beyond the control of man. The poet sincerely admired the flight of the kite, for which the sky is a native and familiar element. For Tyutchev, such a flight symbolizes inner freedom, which he is deprived of due to life circumstances. That is why it is so joyful and sad for him at the same time to watch how the kite goes up into the sky, which nothing holds on the ground.

“Mother Nature gave him two powerful, two living wings,” notes Tyutchev, admiring the strength of this proud and independent bird. In a person, he cannot grasp such qualities that would allow him to easily abandon worldly vanity and rise above it. “And here I am, covered in sweat and dust. I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..”, notes the author. This phrase contains a share of regret, but at the same time it contains a shade of pride that man is still a higher being. True, his fate is destined to be a ruler on earth, and heaven is not yet subject to the crown of the Lord’s creation. It is for this reason that Tyutchev is sad, because earthly life is full of vanity, lies and empty hopes, while heaven gives a feeling of self-confidence, harmony and genuine happiness. But the world is structured in such a way that people are not given the opportunity to become birds, and the author does not want to put up with this due to his temperament.

He wrote the poem “The Kite Arose from the Glade” in 1835. This was the so-called second period in the poet’s work. His life was spent at that time abroad, in Munich. He served as chamberlain. The work did not take up much time, and Tyutchev wrote poetry in his free time and took care of the affairs of his home and family. The poem turned out elegant, brief, aphoristic.

The main theme of the poem is man’s attitude to nature, to freedom, will, to himself, to his purpose on earth. We observe the acute, painful envy of man towards the bird as a living product of nature. This envy is not black, it is noble and sincere. In it one can hear admiration for the free flight of the kite, its independence and indifference to earthly concerns. The kite rises from the clearing proudly and indifferently, the sky instinctively attracts him. With his poem, Tyutchev wanted to convey to the reader the worthlessness of excessive human fussiness. It turns out that the strength of a living person lies in a bold leap, in soaring upward, in overcoming conventions and obstacles. For the poet, the kite is not just a bird, but a high-flying bird. Between the lines, Tyutchev calls on people to live freely, broadly, in harmony with themselves, with conscience and peace, which gives a person many years of shelter.

The storyline of the poem can be divided into event segments:

1. Glade. A kite sits on it.
2. The kite slowly breaks away from the clearing. The flapping of his wings is still slow and graceful.
3. The bird instantly gains momentum. Soars into the sky like an arrow.
4. The kite flies higher, becomes a point and disappears into the clouds.
5. The author reflects that nature once favorably gave the kite an excellent means of flight - strong, fast wings.
6. The author complains with disappointment about human life on earth. He does not understand why the king of the earth, man, has grown dead to it and works for its benefit in harsh living conditions. And why is a simple bird so happy in its sky?

To determine the size of a poem, you need to break the lines into syllables:

spo-la-ny-kor-shun-raised-up
you-so-kne-bu-he-went up
everything-you-she-da-le-viet-xia-he
and-he-went-for-not-bosk-lon
pri-ro-da-mother-e-mu-da-la
two-powerful-two-living-wings
and-I-here-in-the-dust-whether
I am the king of the earth!

The stress falls on the 2nd, 4th and 8th syllables. Syllables are even. Conclusion: this iambic with final pyrrhichium. The poem consists of two four-line stanzas. In the first stanza - observation of the flight of a kite. In the second - the author's reflection on the unfair decision of Mother Nature. Rhyme - adjacent (adjacent lines rhyme: 1 and 2; 3 and 4), masculine (the last stressed syllables rhyme).

The poem has epithet "living wings"(energetic, healthy); personifications - “The kite has soared and curled”, "went beyond the horizon", "Mother nature gave", "rooted to the ground"; sustainable metaphors - "mother nature", "king of the earth".

The image of the lyrical hero is the image of a person striving for independence and freedom. IN image of a kite collected an idea of ​​a free, carefree life. Will and freedom are compared to the sky, to flight, to personal, inviolable space, to the right to choose one’s living territory.

In the poetic orientation of the poem “The Kite Arose from the Clearing” there are also signs of European romanticism, and notes of purely Russian lyricism. One of the most prominent literary critics of the 20th century, Yuri Tynyanov, believed that almost all of Tyutchev’s poems are “compressed odes.” It is difficult to call the poem being analyzed an ode, even a compressed one. But there is still something heroic in him. It is best to classify it as an elegy, as it is imbued with sadness and slight sadness.

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The poem “The kite rose from the clearing...” was written during the period of Tyutchev’s diplomatic service, dramatic personal relationships and deep thoughts about human life and freedom. This short poem is inspired by the thought of the natural will of a bird and the captivity of human existence. The theme of the poem is essentially romantic and goes back to the traditional comparison of a free bird - an eagle - and a human prisoner. In Pushkin’s poem “The Prisoner” (1822), the lyrical hero gains complete freedom, his soul merging with the elements of the wind; the images of a man and an eagle in him are indistinguishable. In the poem by A.D. Illichevsky, Pushkin’s lyceum friend, “The Eagle and the Man” (1827) has a different poetic conclusion: “the eagle is hovering under the arches of the sky,” and the man “creeps in the dust.”

Why are the poetic themes of the free bird and the fate of man resolved so differently? Of course, this depends primarily on the poet’s attitude and mood, but the philosophical view that determines the artist’s thought is also important. After all, the most important question of life is the question of internal freedom, on which our entire existence depends: work, creativity, love, friendship. These different poetic solutions to one theme are united in the fact that for a person the desire for freedom is natural, regardless of whether his soul triumphs in its flight towards it or yearns in its inability to break away from stuffy everyday life and its captivity.

In his poem, Tyutchev moves away from the romantic interpretation of the topic: firstly, the traditional image of an eagle is replaced by the image of a kite, with which sinister intonations and motifs are associated in folklore. Secondly, Tyutchev sounds not so much a complaint that a person is held by the web of earthly life and he cannot escape from it because of his weaknesses, but rather a reproach to nature, which did not give him the strength capable of overcoming the gravity of the earth. Tyutchev's poem is a protest against the humiliating position of man in the world. The last line: “I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..” is an oxymoron. It was probably the weakness of the “king of the earth” that L.N. drew attention to when reading the poem. Tolstoy, emphasizing this line.

The poem develops in the following sequence: the first stanza paints a bright, dynamic picture of life. The embodiment of natural power is given in the image of a bird of prey reigning in flight - Tyutchev conveys the movement and power of the kite over the elements with verbs increasing in intensity of action: “rose - soared - curled - went beyond the horizon.” What follows is an argument based on a comparison of the powerful, living wings of a kite - a gift from Mother Nature - with the pitiful fate of a deprived, weak person. The poem ends with a passionate phrase containing both sarcasm and protest: “And I am here in sweat and dust, // I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..”

In 1835 and represents a small sketch from everyday life - observing the flight of a bird. The time when the poem was written coincides with the period when the poet lived abroad. Therefore, in the work one can note the presence of several boundaries - conventional and real. The poet feels himself within certain limits, which is reflected in his poem.

A peculiar artistic technique characteristic of Tyutchev - drawing a parallel between a natural phenomenon and a state of mind - is the basis of the composition of the poem. Almost any human thought can be reflected in the nature around him. The poet’s reflections on the ability of birds to soar freely in the air are contrasted with the static state of man: A person's thought does not have the same freedom as a bird, for which there are no boundaries. The kite soon disappears from sight, and with it the lyrical hero’s opportunity to find out what’s next, outside his field of vision, ends, since the flight of human thought is limited by the knowledge of the person himself - there are certain boundaries of the mind.

In line “I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..” one can read the author’s ironic attitude towards the position of man on earth - although he is at the highest stage of development, man is not omnipotent. Nature endowed man with reason, but gave the kite two “living” wings, which gave the bird freedom, while man seemed to be “rooted” to the ground.

The use of verbs in the present tense emphasizes that the action occurs at this very moment - the kite “rose,” “soared,” “left.” And by contrasting the clearing and the sky, which are described in the poem, the poet separates the concepts of the earthly world and the world of freedom and space. The poem also contrasts the real picture of reality and the thoughts of the lyrical hero. In the first stanza, a kite appears before the reader, rising from the ground and rushing into the sky. In the second stanza, the inner world of a man is revealed to the reader, who reflects on how Mother Nature awarded the bird freedom of movement, but leaves him in place:

“And here I am, covered in sweat and dust.
I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..”

An unusually subtle sense of nature, which is expressed in specific words and images that are understandable to everyone, is a distinctive feature of Tyutchev’s poetry. Nature for the poet becomes a source of inspiration, revealing the thoughts and feelings of Tyutchev himself through natural phenomena, therefore almost all poems compositionally resemble the rapid movement of thought against the backdrop of landscape sketches.