Tractor engine T-150: brands, installation, re-equipment

Tractors T-150 and T-150K were developed by engineers of the Kharkov Tractor Plant. This model replaced another original KhTZ development, the T-125, which was discontinued in 1967.

The T-150 was in development for several years and entered series production in 1971. Initially, it was the T-150K model - a tractor on a wheelbase. Since 1974, the production of a caterpillar tractor marked T-150 began.

The principle laid down by KhTZ engineers in the development of the T-150 and T-150 K was the maximum unification of these models. Wheeled and tracked tractors are as similar in design as possible given the different propellers. In this regard, most of the spare parts and assemblies are marked for the T-150, but it is understood that they are also suitable for the T-150K wheeled tractor.

Engines mounted on the T-150 tractor

The motors on the T-150 and T-150K tractors are front-mounted. The clutch and gearbox are connected to the unit through the clutch. Engines were installed on wheeled and tracked tractors T-150:

• SMD-60,
• SMD-62,
• YaMZ-236.

Engine T-150 SMD-60

The first T-150 tractors had an SMD-60 diesel engine. The motor had a fundamentally different design for that time and was very different from other units for special equipment.

The T-150 SMD-60 engine is a four-stroke, short-stroke engine. It has six cylinders arranged in 2 rows. The engine is turbocharged, has a liquid cooling system and direct fuel injection.

A feature of the engine of the T-150 SMD-60 tractor is that the cylinders are not located opposite each other, but with an offset of 3.6 cm. This was done in order to install connecting rods of opposite cylinders on one crankshaft crankpin.

The configuration of the T-150 SMD-60 engine was fundamentally different from the structure of other tractor engines of that time. The engine cylinders had a V-shaped layout, which made it much more compact and lighter. In the collapse of the cylinders, engineers placed a turbocharger and exhaust manifolds. The diesel feed pump brand ND-22/6B4 is located at the rear.

The SMD-60 engine on the T-150 is equipped with a full-flow centrifuge for cleaning engine oil. The engine has two fuel filters:

1. preliminary,
2. for fine cleaning.

Instead of an air filter on the SMD-60, a cyclone-type installation is used. The air cleaning system automatically cleans the dust box.

Features of the T-150 SMD-60 engine

On the T-150 and T-150K tractors with the SMD-60 engine, an additional P-350 gasoline engine was used. This carburetor-type, single-cylinder, water-cooled starting engine generated 13.5 hp. The water cooling circuit of the launcher and SMD-60 is the same. The P-350, in turn, was launched by the ST-352D starter.

To facilitate starting in winter (below 5 degrees), the SMD-60 engine was equipped with a PZHB-10 preheater.

Technical characteristics of the SMD-60 engine on the T-150/T-150K

engine's type	diesel internal combustion engine
Number of cycles
Number of cylinders
The order of operation of the cylinders
mixture formation	direct injection
Turbocharging
Cooling system	liquid
Engine capacity
Power
Compression ratio
Engine weight
Average consumption

Engine T-150 SMD-62

One of the first modifications of the T-150 tractor was the SMD-62 engine. It was developed on the basis of the SMD-60 engine and in many respects had a design similar to it. The main difference was the installation of the compressor on the pneumatic system. Also, the power of the SMD-62 engine on the T-150 increased to 165 hp. and number of revolutions.

Technical characteristics of the SMD-62 engine on the T-150/T-150K

engine's type	diesel internal combustion engine
Number of cycles
Number of cylinders
The order of operation of the cylinders
mixture formation	direct injection
Turbocharging
Cooling system	liquid
Engine capacity
Power
Compression ratio
Engine weight
Average consumption

Engine T-150 YaMZ 236

A more modern modification is the T-150 tractor with the YaMZ 236 engine. With the YaMZ-236M2-59 engine, special equipment is produced to this day.

The need to replace the power unit has been brewing for years - the power of the original SMD-60 engine and its successor SMD-62 was simply not enough in some situations. The choice fell on a more productive and economical diesel engine manufactured by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

For the first time, this installation was launched into wide production in 1961, but the project and prototypes have existed since the 50s and have proven themselves quite well. For a long time, the YaMZ 236 engine remained one of the best diesel engines in the world. Despite the fact that almost 70 years have passed since the development of the design, it remains relevant to this day and is used, among other things, in new modern tractors.

Features of the YaMZ-236 engine on the T-150

The T-150 tractor with the YaMZ-236 engine was mass-produced in various modifications. At one time, both atmospheric engines and turbocharged ones were installed. In quantitative terms, the most popular version was the T-150 with the YaMZ-236 DZ engine - an aspirated engine with a displacement of 11.15 liters, a torque of 667 Nm and a power of 175 hp, which was started by an electric starter.

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-236D3 engine for T-150/T-150K

engine's type	diesel internal combustion engine
Number of cycles
Number of cylinders
mixture formation	direct injection
Turbocharging
Cooling system	liquid
Engine capacity
Power
Engine weight
Average consumption

YaMZ-236 engine on modern T-150

The YaMZ-236 M2-59 engine is installed on the new T-150 wheeled and tracked tractors. This motor is unified with the YaMZ-236, which was produced until 1985, and the YaMZ-236M, whose production was discontinued in 1988.

The YaMZ-236M2-59 engine is a diesel atmospheric engine with direct fuel injection and water cooling. The motor has six cylinders arranged in a V-shape.

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-236M2-59 engine on T-150/T-150K

engine's type	diesel internal combustion engine
Number of cycles
Number of cylinders
mixture formation	direct injection
Turbocharging
Cooling system	liquid
Engine capacity
Power
Engine weight
Average consumption

Re-equipment of T-150 tractors: installation of non-native engines

One of the reasons why the T-150 and T-150K tractors have gained such popularity is their high maintainability and ease of maintenance. Machines can be easily converted and installed with other, non-native equipment that would be more efficient for specific tasks.

The power that an internal combustion engine can develop depends on the amount of air and fuel mixed with it that can be supplied to the engine. If you want to increase engine power, you need to increase both the amount of air supplied and the fuel. Supplying more fuel will have no effect until there is enough air to burn it, otherwise there will be an excess of unburned fuel, which leads to overheating of the engine, which also smokes heavily.

An increase in engine power can be achieved by increasing either its displacement or rpm. An increase in displacement immediately increases the weight, dimensions of the engine and, ultimately, its cost. The increase in speed is problematic due to the technical problems that arise, especially in the case of an engine with a large displacement.

Supercharging systems that compress the air supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine and increase the mass of this air, allow you to increase engine power for a given displacement and crankshaft speed.

Two types of compressors are used for internal combustion engines: mechanically driven compressors and turbochargers that use the energy of exhaust gases. In addition, there are also combined systems, for example, turbocompound. In the case of a mechanically driven compressor, the required air pressure is obtained through a mechanical connection between the engine crankshaft and the compressor (coupling). In a turbocharger, air pressure is generated by the rotation of the turbine by the flow of exhaust gases.

The turbocharger was first designed by the Swiss engineer Buchi back in 1905, but it was not until many years later that it was refined and used on production engines with a large displacement.

In principle, any turbocharger consists of a centrifugal air pump and a turbine connected by a rigid axis to each other. Both of these elements rotate in the same direction and at the same speed. The energy of the exhaust gas flow, which is not used in conventional engines, is converted here into torque, which drives the compressor. Exhaust gases leaving the engine cylinders are at high temperature and pressure. They accelerate to high speed and come into contact with the turbine blades, which converts their kinetic energy into rotational mechanical energy (torque).

This transformation of energy is accompanied by a decrease in the temperature of the gases and their pressure. The compressor sucks air through the air filter, compresses it and delivers it to the engine cylinders. The amount of fuel that can be mixed with air can be increased, allowing the engine to develop more power. In addition, the combustion process is improved, which allows to increase engine performance over a wide range of speeds.

The only connection between the engine and the turbocharger is through the exhaust gas flow. The speed of the rotor of a turbocharger is independent of the speed of the engine crankshaft, but it is largely determined by the balance of energy received by the turbine and given to the compressor.

For engines operating over a wide rev range (in a passenger car), high boost pressure is desirable even at low revs.

That is why the future belongs to pressure controlled turbochargers. The small diameter of modern turbines and the special sections of the gas channels contribute to a decrease in inertia, i.e. the turbine accelerates very quickly and the air pressure reaches the required value very quickly. The control valve ensures that the boost pressure does not rise above a certain value, beyond which the engine could be damaged.

An engine equipped with a turbocharger has technical and economic advantages over a naturally aspirated engine.

The main advantages of a turbocharged engine:

the weight/power ratio of an engine with a turbocharger is higher than that of a naturally aspirated engine;

an engine with a turbocharger is less bulky than a naturally aspirated engine of the same power;

The torque curve of a turbocharged engine can be better adapted to specific operating conditions.

In addition, it is possible to create versions equipped with a turbocharger and differing in power on the basis of atmospheric engines.

Even more tangible are the benefits of an engine with a turbocharger at altitude. The atmospheric engine loses power due to air discharge, and the turbocharger, providing increased air supply, compensates for the decrease in atmospheric pressure, almost without impairing engine performance. The amount of forced air will become only slightly less than at a lower altitude, that is, the engine practically retains its power.

Besides:

a turbocharged engine provides better fuel combustion resulting in lower fuel consumption;

since the turbocharger improves combustion, it also helps to reduce exhaust emissions;

an engine equipped with a turbocharger runs more stably than its;

atmospheric analogue of the same power, and being smaller in size, it produces less noise. In addition, the turbocharger also plays the role of a kind of silencer in the exhaust system.

The expansion of the production of materials with high temperature characteristics, the improvement of the quality of motor oils, the use of liquid cooling of the turbocharger housing, electronic control of control valves - all this contributed to the fact that turbochargers began to be used on small-scale gasoline engines.

When a turbocharger is installed on a gasoline engine, specific requirements arise:

ensuring the tightness of the oil-gas channels of the turbocharger;

improving the quality of turbine materials;

improvement of the control valve;

axle housing cooling.

On a normally working engine, which is serviced in a timely manner and with high quality, the turbocharger can work without fail for many years.

Faults may occur as a result of:

insufficient amount of oil;

ingress of foreign objects into the turbocharger;

contaminated oil.

The Kharkov plant "Hammer and Sickle" started the production of diesel engines in the middle of the last century. The products were intended for installation on vehicles working in agriculture - combines, tractors. The SMD diesel engine has established itself among users as a reliable mechanism that operates for a long service life without major repairs. For this period, the plant has ceased to exist, the production of modern motors of this category has been established in Belgorod. Now it is produced by the Belgorod Motor Plant.

Description of SMD engines

Modifications of diesel internal combustion engines manufactured under the SMD brand have common advantages:

1. Profitability, low consumption of diesel fuel.
2. Compact design.
3. Relatively small weight.
4. Availability of readjustment (most often it is required to change the power of the unit).
5. A large number of spare parts at affordable prices in the distribution network.
6. The low cost of the unit, in comparison with imported analogues.

Due to the large number of advantages of these motors, they are widely used in the production of agricultural machinery. SMD motors include high-pressure hydraulic pumps for servicing the hydraulic system. Simultaneously with the pumps, special spark arresters are additionally installed on agricultural machines. The design of the motors includes fine fuel filters. Their device allows cleaning and flushing without dismantling and disassembly.

Depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200buse and design of modifications, the power units of the SMD brand are divided into the following categories:

• four-cylinder, cylinder arrangement - in-line;
• six-cylinder, in-line;
• 6-cylinder, U-shaped.

Diesel engine SMD 18 N

The design of the motor includes four cylinders. Fuel is supplied to the cylinders by means of a branded Motorpal high-pressure fuel pump PP4M10P1F-4214 manufactured in the Czech Republic.

1. Fuel injection is direct.
2. The engine is equipped with a turbocharger.
3. The cooling system is liquid.

Technical characteristics of the SMD 18N engine:

• power - 100 l. With.;
• the number of revolutions of the crankshaft at idle 600 - 1950 rpm;
• specific consumption of diesel fuel 165 - 170 g/s. With. h;
• engine weight from 735 to 880 kg.

Engine SMD 60

The SMD 60 power unit is designed for T-150 caterpillar tractors manufactured by the KhTZ plant. The SMD 62 engine is for the wheeled modification of the T-150K, respectively.

Description of the device SMD-60/62:

1. Number of cylinders - 6 pcs.
2. The number of cycles is 4.
3. Power - 150 liters. With.
4. Type of cooling - liquid (in summer, water is poured into the system, at negative ambient temperatures - antifreeze).
5. Diesel fuel injection is direct.
6. Turbocharging - available.
7. The arrangement of the cylinders is y-shaped with an offset.
8. The piston stroke is smaller than the cylinder diameter - short-stroke version.

The engine includes:

• fuel pump injection pump;
• coarse and fine fuel filters;
• engine oil is cleaned using a special centrifuge;
• cyclone air cleaner (dust is automatically removed from it);
• starting motor P-350;
• pre-start heating device;
• alternator,
• The turbocharger of the engine is located in the collapse of the cylinders.

The main difference between the SMD 62 and the base model is the transition to an increased power of 165 hp. The pneumatic system of the T-150K tractor is equipped with a special pressure compressor.

Maintenance of engines SMD 60/62

It is recommended to use special brands as lubricants for tractor engines of these models. In summer, this is M10G engine oil, respectively, for winter - M8G. If it was not possible to purchase the recommended fluids, you can temporarily use substitutes:

• summer motor lubricant - M 10V;
• winter diesel oil - DS-8.

Attention: When using analogues, it is necessary to switch to fuel with a reduced sulfur content (no more than 0.5%).

Engine SMD 14

The four-cylinder diesel engine SMD 14A is included in the package of the Kharkov tractor T-74, and SMD-14B is designed for a serial tractor - DT-54V, manufactured at the Volgograd Tractor Plant.

Technical characteristics of the SMD 14 engine

1. The rated power of the motor is 75 horsepower.
2. Number of cylinders - 6 pieces, diameter - 130 mm.
3. The nature of the arrangement of the cylinders is U-shaped, with a camber angle of 90 °.
4. The number of revolutions of the crankshaft is 800 - 2180 rpm.
5. The piston stroke is 115 mm.
6. Type of cooling system - water.
7. Ventilation of the cooling system - forced type.
8. The SMD-14 includes a launch system with a P-350 motor.

Engines SMD-31

Six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engines are equipped with a turbocharger.

The power of the SMD-31A is 235 horsepower. The main application is the DON-1500 combine.

SMD 31.16 was created for the harvester "Slavutich" manufactured by Kherson, its power is 265 hp. With.

SMD 31.20 - "Obriy", a combine harvester is produced at the plant "named after Malyshev" in Kharkov. Motor power - 230 liters. With.

Technical characteristics of the SMD 31 engine:

• crankshaft speed - 800 - 2130 rpm .;
• fuel consumption from 165 to 172 g/l.s.h;
• the starting system is equipped with an electric starter 3212.3708, as well as an electric flare heater EFP 8101500;
• assembled motor weight - 1050 - 1100 kg.

Engine SMD 22

This power unit is installed on various domestic-made grain harvesters: SKD-6 M, Niva, Yenisei.

Specifications SMD-22:

• The number of cylinders is 4 pieces.
• Rated power - 140 horsepower.
• Number of revolutions - 650 - 2130 rpm.
• Fuel consumption - 171 g / hp h.
• Starting engine model - P-10 UD.
• The weight of the unit is 735 - 880 kg.

Technical characteristics of the SMD 21 engine:

• the full name of the modification is SMD-21.07.02;
• equipment - turbocharging;
• liquid cooling;
• injection pump "Motorpal";
• number of cylinders - 4 pcs.
• number of revolutions - 2400 rpm;
• torque 610 N.m;
• starting system - electric starter, 24 volts;
• operational period before overhaul - 10 years.

Brief overview of SMD models

Engines SMD 15N and 14N are not equipped with turbines, they belong to the category of naturally aspirated engines. Due to the increased power indicators (68 hp), they have found application in such areas as:

• tractors "UMZ";
• road equipment (loaders, asphalt pavers, rollers);
• construction equipment.

Four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engines SMD-17N, 18N with a capacity of at least 100 horsepower are installed:

• on agricultural tractors Vg TZ, DT-75;
• forest modifications LHT-55 "OTZ", TDT-55;
• ATEK excavators.

SMD-19 has a capacity of 120 to 145 liters. s., SMD-20 - 125 l. With. Both models are 4-cylinder turbodiesels. Area of ​​use - front loaders, tractors, combine harvesters, etc.

Is it possible to tune SMD engines

According to experts, power units designed for agricultural machinery are not subject to improvements in order to improve power characteristics. This is due to the fact that their design and manufacturing methods are designed to perform specific work in certain conditions. Any intervention in the adjustments, settings and design of the SMD will lead to a violation of the balanced operation of the engine and the vehicle as a whole.

A wide range of SMD models with different power characteristics has been created. Various machines of special equipment are equipped with the most suitable motor from the wide range available.

If you want to transform the appearance of the vehicle, it is allowed to use LED tuning.

Source

smd 62 tnvd yamz 236

SMD-62 Mochalov

1. Brief technical characteristics of the SMD-62 engine………………….. ……4

Thermal calculation of the engine………………………………………………………………………….…..6

2.1.Parameters of the working fluid…………………………………………………………………..…..……7

2.2.Parameters of the environment and residual gases…………………….………7

2.3.Inlet process……………………………………………………………………………………………..8

2.4.Compression process……………………………………………………………………………………………….8

2.5.Combustion process………………………………………………………………………………..……….9

2.6.Expansion process……………………………………………………………………………..…….10

2.7. Indicator parameters of the engine working cycle……………….………11

2.8. Engine performance……………………………………………………….11

2.9. The main dimensions of the cylinder and the specific parameters of the engine……..12

3.Construction of an indicator diagram……………………………………………………………..14

4. Kinematic calculation of the crank mechanism…………….. …….17

5. Dynamic calculation of the engine…………………………………………………………….….…

5.1.Calculation of dynamic masses…………………………………………………………………..……21

5.2.Calculation example for the angle of rotation of the crankshaft …….21

Literature……………………………………………………………………………………………………………25

Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..26

1. Brief technical characteristics of the SMD-62 engine

Engine type - diesel turbocharged, four-stroke, V-shaped.

1.Number of cylinders: i=6.

2. Work order: 1-4-2-5-3-6.

3.Cylinder diameter: D=130mm

4.Stroke: S=115mm

5. Engine displacement: (Vh i)=9.15 dm3.

6. Compression ratio: =18.

7.Rated engine power: Nн=121.36 kW

8.Rated speed: nн=2100 min-1

9.Maximum torque: Mk=890 Nm at ndv=1300 min-1

10. Specific fuel consumption coefficient: ge=250

Initial fuel - diesel fuel "L" (GOST305-82) For it:

1.Nizshaya specific heat of combustion of fuel:

2. Average elemental composition: C=0.857; H=0.133; O=0.01

3.Molecular weight:

Amount of fresh charge (combustible mixture):

Residual gas pressure accept: Residual gas temperature accept:

2.3.Intake process:

We accept the temperature of heating a fresh charge at normal speed.

Inlet Charge Density:

where is the specific gas constant for air, .

In accordance with the speed mode of the engine and the quality of processing of the inner surface of the intake system, we take

Engine intake pressure loss:

Pressure at the end of the inlet:

Residual gas ratio:

Temperature at the end of the inlet:

Filling ratio:

2.4 Compression process:

Taking into account the characteristic values, the compression polytropic index for the given engine parameters is equal to

KR.11.TiA.02.PZ

Then the pressure at the end of compression:

Temperature at the end of compression:

Average molar heat capacity for fresh charge at the end of compression (excluding the influence of residual gases):

Number of moles of residual gases:

Number of moles of gases at the end of compression before combustion:

2.5 Combustion process:

The average molar heat capacity at constant volume for the combustion products of liquid fuel in a diesel engine:

Number of moles of gases after combustion:

Estimated coefficient of molecular change of the working mixture:

We accept the coefficient of heat utilization.

KR.11.TiA.02.PZ

The temperature at the end of combustion is determined from the combustion equation for a diesel engine:

Maximum pressure at the end of combustion:

Pre-Expansion Degree:

2.6 Expansion process:

Degree of subsequent expansion:

Taking into account the characteristic values ​​of the expansion polytropic index for the given engine parameters, we accept n2=1.26. Then:

Let's check the correctness of the previously accepted temperature of the residual gases (Tr=800 K):

KR.11.TiA.02.PZ

Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

Ivanovo State Agricultural

Academy named after Academician D.K. Belyaev

Department: "Tractors and agricultural machines"

Course work

Topic: “Thermal, kinematic and dynamic calculation of the SMD-62 engine”

Completed:

student of the 4th year of the 5th group of the faculty of agricultural mechanization

Mochalov S.V. Checked: Chernov Yu.I.

Source

TKR 11 N.1 AND SMD 62

SMD engines: specifications, device, reviews

Tractors T-150 and T-150K were developed by engineers of the Kharkov Tractor Plant. This model replaced another original KhTZ development, the T-125, which was discontinued in 1967.

The T-150 was in development for several years and entered series production in 1971. Initially, it was the T-150K model - a tractor on a wheelbase. Since 1974, the production of a caterpillar tractor marked T-150 began.

The principle laid down by KhTZ engineers in the development of the T-150 and T-150 K was the maximum unification of these models. Wheeled and tracked tractors are as similar in design as possible given the different propellers. In this regard, most of the spare parts and assemblies are marked for the T-150, but it is understood that they are also suitable for the T-150K wheeled tractor.

Engines mounted on the T-150 tractor

The motors on the T-150 and T-150K tractors are front-mounted. The clutch and gearbox are connected to the unit through the clutch. Engines were installed on wheeled and tracked tractors T-150:

Engine T-150 SMD-60

The first T-150 tractors had an SMD-60 diesel engine. The motor had a fundamentally different design for that time and was very different from other units for special equipment.

The T-150 SMD-60 engine is a four-stroke, short-stroke engine. It has six cylinders arranged in 2 rows. The engine is turbocharged, has a liquid cooling system and direct fuel injection.

A feature of the engine of the T-150 SMD-60 tractor is that the cylinders are not located opposite each other, but with an offset of 3.6 cm. This was done in order to install connecting rods of opposite cylinders on one crankshaft crankpin.

The configuration of the T-150 SMD-60 engine was fundamentally different from the structure of other tractor engines of that time. The engine cylinders had a V-shaped layout, which made it much more compact and lighter. In the collapse of the cylinders, engineers placed a turbocharger and exhaust manifolds. The diesel feed pump brand ND-22/6B4 is located at the rear.

The SMD-60 engine on the T-150 is equipped with a full-flow centrifuge for cleaning engine oil. The engine has two fuel filters:

1. preliminary,
2. for fine cleaning.

Instead of an air filter on the SMD-60, a cyclone-type installation is used. The air cleaning system automatically cleans the dust box.

Features of the T-150 SMD-60 engine

On the T-150 and T-150K tractors with the SMD-60 engine, an additional P-350 gasoline engine was used. This carburetor-type, single-cylinder, water-cooled starting engine generated 13.5 hp. The water cooling circuit of the launcher and SMD-60 is the same. The P-350, in turn, was launched by the ST-352D starter.

To facilitate starting in winter (below 5 degrees), the SMD-60 engine was equipped with a PZHB-10 preheater.

Technical characteristics of the SMD-60 engine on the T-150/T-150K

Engine T-150 SMD-62

One of the first modifications of the T-150 tractor was the SMD-62 engine. It was developed on the basis of the SMD-60 engine and in many respects had a design similar to it. The main difference was the installation of the compressor on the pneumatic system. Also, the power of the SMD-62 engine on the T-150 increased to 165 hp. and number of revolutions.

Technical characteristics of the SMD-62 engine on the T-150/T-150K

Engine T-150 YaMZ 236

A more modern modification is the T-150 tractor with the YaMZ 236 engine. With the YaMZ-236M2-59 engine, special equipment is produced to this day.

The need to replace the power unit has been brewing for years - the power of the original SMD-60 engine and its successor SMD-62 was simply not enough in some situations. The choice fell on a more productive and economical diesel engine manufactured by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

For the first time, this installation was launched into wide production in 1961, but the project and prototypes have existed since the 50s and have proven themselves quite well. For a long time, the YaMZ 236 engine remained one of the best diesel engines in the world. Despite the fact that almost 70 years have passed since the development of the design, it remains relevant to this day and is used, among other things, in new modern tractors.

Features of the YaMZ-236 engine on the T-150

The T-150 tractor with the YaMZ-236 engine was mass-produced in various modifications. At one time, both atmospheric engines and turbocharged ones were installed. In quantitative terms, the most popular version was the T-150 with the YaMZ-236 DZ engine - an aspirated engine with a displacement of 11.15 liters, a torque of 667 Nm and a power of 175 hp, which was started by an electric starter.

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-236D3 engine for T-150/T-150K

YaMZ-236 engine on modern T-150

The YaMZ-236 M2-59 engine is installed on the new T-150 wheeled and tracked tractors. This motor is unified with the YaMZ-236, which was produced until 1985, and the YaMZ-236M, whose production was discontinued in 1988.

The YaMZ-236M2-59 engine is a diesel atmospheric engine with direct fuel injection and water cooling. The motor has six cylinders arranged in a V-shape.

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ-236M2-59 engine on T-150/T-150K

Re-equipment of T-150 tractors: installation of non-native engines

One of the reasons why the T-150 and T-150K tractors have gained such popularity is their high maintainability and ease of maintenance. Machines can be easily converted and installed with other, non-native equipment that would be more efficient for specific tasks.

One of the directions for the conversion of the T-150 tractor is the replacement of the motor. The SMD-60 and SMD-62 engines have identical geometry and connection methods, so installing another engine instead of one is not difficult.

Re-equipment of a T-150 tractor with a YaMZ-236 or YaMZ-238 engine (the latter engine is often mounted on machines independently) is a more difficult task. The easiest way to upgrade your tractor is with a custom conversion kit. It costs around 50 thousand rubles and is a set of adapters for quickly installing a new engine. Of course, we are talking about the modernization of the T-150 tractor with the SMD-60 or SMD-62 engine. It is possible to replace YaMZ engines from one version to another in most cases without much difficulty.

Also in demand is the modernization of the installation of the Mazov engine on the T-150. Structurally, this is the most difficult task, since you will have to adapt all the fasteners, frame parts and transmission.

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What are the tractors: photos, classification and types

The SMD engine is a diesel engine, well known to workers of machine and tractor stations (MTS), which were widespread during the existence of the USSR. The production of these motors was mastered in 1958 at the Kharkov plant "Hammer and Sickle" (1881). Serial production of the family of SMD engines designed for aggregation of various types of agricultural machinery (tractors, combines, etc.) was discontinued due to the termination of the enterprise (2003).

These powertrains include:

• 4-cylinder engines with in-line arrangement of cylinders;
• in-line 6-cylinder;
• V-shaped 6-cylinder units.

Moreover, any SMD motor has a very high reliability. It lies in the original design solutions, which, even by modern standards, provide a sufficient margin of operational strength for these motors.

Currently, power units of the SMD type are produced at the Belgorod Motor Plant (BMZ).

Specifications

OPTIONS	MEANING
Slave. volume of cylinders, l	9.15
Power, l. With.	160
Frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft, rpm. nominal / minimum (idling) / maximum (idling)	2000/800/2180
Number of cylinders	6
Cylinder arrangement	V-shaped, 90° camber
Cylinder diameter, mm	130
Piston stroke, mm	115
Compression ratio	15
The order of operation of the cylinders	1-4-2-5-3-6
Supply system	Direct fuel injection
Type of fuel / brand	Diesel fuel "L", "DL", "Z", "DZ", etc. depending on the ambient temperature
Fuel consumption, g/l. With. hour (rated/operating power)	175/182
Type of turbocharger	TKR-11N-1
Launch system	P-350 starting engine with remote start + ST142B electric starter
starting engine fuel	Mixture of gasoline A-72 with engine oil in a ratio of 20: 1
Lubrication system	Combined (under pressure + spray)
Engine oil type	M-10G, M-10V, M-112V
Amount of engine oil, l	18
Cooling system	Water, closed type, with forced ventilation
Motor resource, hour	10000
Weight, kg	950...1100

The power unit was installed on tractors T-150, T-153, T-157.

Description

Diesel 6-cylinder V-shaped SMD engines are represented by a number of models SMD-60 ... SMD-65 and more powerful SMD-72 and SMD-73. All these motors have a piston stroke smaller than the cylinder diameter (short stroke version).

In this case, in motors:

• SMD-60 ... 65 turbocharging is used;
• SMD-72…73 charge air is additionally cooled.

The partitions between adjacent cylinders, together with the end walls of the crankcase, give the structure the necessary rigidity. Each cylinder block has special cylindrical bores into which cylinder liners made of titanium-copper cast iron are installed.

The layout of all engine components takes into account all the advantages that the V-shaped arrangement of cylinders provides. The placement of the cylinders at an angle of 90 ° made it possible to place a turbocharger and exhaust manifolds in the collapse between them. In addition, due to the displacement of the rows of cylinders by 36 mm relative to each other, it was possible to install two connecting rods of opposite cylinders on one crankshaft crankpin.

The layout of the parts of the gas distribution mechanism differs from the generally accepted one. Its camshaft is common to two rows of cylinders and is located in the center of the crankcase. From the side of the flywheel, a gear block is installed at its end, which includes the gears of the gas distribution mechanism drive and the fuel pump.

During operation, the motor provides coarse and fine cleaning of diesel fuel. Engine oil is cleaned by a full-flow centrifuge.

The power unit is cooled with water. In winter, the use of antifreeze is allowed. The circulation of liquid in a closed cooling system is carried out thanks to a centrifugal water pump. A six-row tubular-plate radiator and a six-blade electric fan are also involved in the cooling process.

The engine cooling system SMD 60 also provides thermosyphon circulation of the coolant inside the water jacket of the starting engine. However, it is able to provide cooling of the latter only for a short time. To avoid overheating, the starting motor should not run at idle for more than 3 minutes.

Maintenance

Maintenance of the SMD 60 engine is reduced to constant monitoring of the process of its operation and regular routine maintenance specified in the instructions for its operation. Only when these conditions are met, the manufacturer guarantees:

• long and trouble-free operation of the power unit;
• preservation of power characteristics during the entire period of operation;
• high economy.

Types of maintenance (TO) are determined by the timing of their implementation, depending on the number of hours worked:

1. Daily maintenance - every 8 ... 10 hours.
2. TO-1 - after 60 minutes.
3. TO-2 - every 240 mph.
4. TO-3 - 960 mh.
5. Seasonal maintenance - before the transition to the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods of operation.

The list of works that must be carried out for each type of maintenance is given in the engine operating instructions. At the same time, work requiring disassembly of the power unit must be carried out only in enclosed spaces.

Faults

Breakdowns of SMD 60 engines are rare and occur, as a rule, due to violation of the rules for their technical operation.

MALFUNCTION	SOLUTION METHODS
Ejection of crankcase oil through the exhaust pipe.	1. Long-term operation of the motor at low and / or idle speeds.
	2. Coking of cast iron sealing rings on the turbocharger rotor shaft.
	3. Large clearance between rotor shaft and turbocharger bearing.
Ejection of oil through the flywheel housing.	1. Destroyed self-clamping gland.
	2. Reducer O-ring cut off.
There is no oil supply to the valve mechanism.	1. The camshaft sleeve rotates.
	2. Clogged oil passages in the cylinder head.
	3. Loose fastening of the camshaft gear.
Extraneous knocks in the engine:
1. A loud sharp knock.	Broken nozzle.
2. Detonating knock.	Injection angle broken.
3. Unclearly expressed knock.	Breakage of the valve guide; jamming of the pusher; melted connecting rod bearings; the fastening of the bottom cover of the connecting rod is loosened; melted crankshaft liners.

tuning

Motors that aggregate agricultural machines and mechanisms are not subjected to tuning. Designed for specific operating conditions, they are, as a rule, perfectly balanced and interference in their design does not lead to positive results.

The families of such engines are presented by manufacturers in the form of wide lines with different capacities. At the same time, they are installed on certain types of special equipment, from which consumers choose those that most fully meet their requirements.

JSC "Hammer and Sickle" one of the largest machine-building enterprises in the city of Kharkov and Ukraine. For 50 years, our company has been producing engines for agricultural machines, a significant part of which has been successfully operating abroad.

Legendary self-propelled combine harvesters SK-3, SK-4,SK-5, "Niva" And " " , highly productive tractors T-74, DT-75N, TDT-55, KhTZ-120- these are just a few examples of agricultural vehicles that are equipped with diesel engines of the brand SMD. In the former USSR 100 grain and forage harvesters, as well as most tractors, were equipped with our diesel engines.

At the end 80s years, the plant was reconstructed and got the opportunity to produce a completely new for Ukraine and countries CIS 6-cylinder in-line engine with a capacity of 220-280 hp. The 4-cylinder engine was also modernized. Its power has increased to 160-170 hp, while the technical level of the design of each unit has increased, the unification of parts and assemblies has been preserved to the maximum.

Today JSC "Hammer and Sickle" produces about a hundred different modifications of in-line 4 and 6-cylinder engines with power from 60 to 280 hp. for agricultural machinery and other machines.

Recently, engines have been installed on new tractor designs of the Kharkov Tractor Plant - HTZ-120, HTZ-180, , T-156A and others, and have also been used on combine harvesters that are produced in Ukraine "Slavutich", and forage harvesters "Olympus" And "Polesie-250"(Ternopil).

In parallel with the production of engines, JSC "Hammer and Sickle" performs disassembly and sale of tractors DT-75N and. We have the ability to upgrade tractors T-150(caterpillar), replacement of the engine with an in-line diesel SMD-19T.02/20TA.06 at the same time, the power of the tractor does not change, and the economic and operational characteristics are improved.

Diesel engines, except for tractors and combines, today can be installed on motor graders, asphalt pavers, rollers, cranes, bulldozers, railway cranes and trolleys, etc.

The plant has the ability to supply spare parts for engines manufactured at our enterprise on orders of enterprises, to carry out major repairs, install new and modernize components and parts.

Catalog JSC "LEGAS" Moscow 1998

Diesels type SMD- mass agricultural engines, they are equipped with all domestic combine harvesters and more than 60% of tractors. Diesels of this brand are also installed on forage and corn harvesters, excavators, cranes and other mobile vehicles. In this regard, information on the use, maintenance and repair, information about the designs of diesel engines, their manufacturers are extremely significant.

In 1957. Head specialized design bureau for engines (GSKBD) was designed and implemented for production at the Kharkov plant "Hammer and sickle" light weight high speed diesel SMD-7 48 kW (65 hp) for a combine harvester SK-3, which was the beginning of the dieselization process in the combine industry. In the future, tractor and combine diesel engines were developed and consistently introduced into mass production. SMD-12, -14, -14A, -15K, -15KF power from 55 (75) to 66 kW (90 hp). An increase in the power of the developed diesel engines was provided by an increase in the working volume of the cylinders or an increase in the crankshaft speed. All these types of diesel engines had free air intake into the cylinders.

Further theoretical and experimental studies on forcing tractor and combine diesel engines, improving their fuel efficiency, carried out in GSKBD, a rational direction was determined - the use of gas turbine pressurization of air into cylinders. Along with the work on choosing the optimal gas turbine pressurization system in GSKBD research was carried out aimed at improving the reliability of the main parts of diesel engines.

The first domestic diesel engines for agricultural purposes with gas turbine supercharging were combine diesel engines SMD-17K, -18K 77 kW (105 hp) which were launched at the factory "Hammer and sickle" in 1968 1969

The use of gas turbine supercharging as a means of raising the technical level of diesel engines was recognized as a progressive direction, therefore, in the future, created in GSKBD diesel engines had forced air into the cylinders as a structural element.

Second generation diesels include 4-cylinder in-line diesels and the V-6 diesel. In the design, for the first time in agricultural engineering, such a solution was applied in which the piston stroke is less than its diameter. The production of diesel engines of the type was started at the Kharkov Tractor Engine Plant ( KhZTD) since 1972.

The next stage in the development of power and improvement in the fuel efficiency of combine and tractor diesel engines was the development of cooling the charge air supplied to the cylinders. Research carried out in GSKBD, the Kharkov Institute of Transport Engineers and the Kharkov Polytechnic Institute, showed the inefficiency of the further development of forcing diesel engines with forced air supply due to a significant increase in its temperature. In the design, cooling of the air supplied to the cylinders was applied, as a result of which the density was increased and the air charge of the cylinder was increased without a significant increase in thermal stress.

The first intercooled diesel engines (diesels of the third generation) were beaten by others, comparable in terms of performance with promising foreign diesel engines of this class.