Rural life presupposes the performance of a large number of works typical for this type of terrain. Nobody disputes the honor of manual labor, but the use of small-scale mechanization means, in this case, can only be welcomed. However, not all categories of citizens have the opportunity to purchase a ready-made four-wheel drive mini-tractor in a special store, because the price of even the "cheapest" model can be at least 50 thousand rubles.

Here all sorts of craftsmen appear who have adapted to make such units out of all the rubbish that they have in the garage.

What a careless owner would have thrown into a landfill, a savvy and resourceful person is able to make a completely workable device out of this that can perform basic agricultural work.

Quite popular among such craftsmen is the do-it-yourself 4x4 fracture mini-tractor, which is a rather bizarre design.

An all-wheel drive mini-tractor, made by hand, has quite good cross-country characteristics, which makes it possible to perform virtually the same front of work as shop counterparts, such as,.

To assemble a homemade 4x4 fracture mini-tractor, you will need to draw up a diagram, study the design features of the technique. The need for such a unit arises when it is necessary to cultivate the land, plant or harvest the crop.

Step-by-step instruction

The classics of agricultural machinery are made by hand using a welding machine, disc plate, drill. The assembly of the mechanism begins with the manufacture of the frame. It consists of a side member, front and rear cross member. The spar is made from a channel of size 10 or a square tube 80x80 mm. Use size 16 for the traverse. Any engine is suitable for a 4x4 mini tractor. The most suitable option is 40 hp. The clutch is required from the GAZ-52, and the gearbox from the GAZ-53.

To connect the basket and the power unit, you need to make a new flywheel. The bridge can be used in any size and is inserted into the mechanism. We make up the propeller shaft from different cars. In a homemade 4x4 tractor, the bridge in front is built independently. Use 18-inch tires for good cushioning. The front axle is suitable for 14-inch discs. If the wheels are smaller, the 4x4 mini tractor will sink into the ground. Otherwise, the technique will be difficult to control.

To reduce the load on the chassis, tires with good lugs are used.

During the manufacture of a mini-tractor for a household, it is necessary to use the cardan shafts of the main transmission from trucks.

In all 4x4 mini tractors, a fracture with their own hands is installed by the gearbox closer to the driver and fixed to the frame. For pedal control of homemade products, it is recommended to use a hydraulic drum brake. Both the steering rack and the pedal control of the fracture will come from a VAZ car.

Assembling equipment

Tractor components are bolted or welded. Combined fastening of parts is sometimes possible. It is important to correctly position the seat removed from the car. The next stage in the assembly of equipment is the installation of the power unit. To attach the motor well to the frame, you need to use a special slotted plate. Then you will need to lay the electrical and mechanical control systems. In order for such work to be done efficiently, the wiring diagram of the factory mini-tractors is being studied. Next, the body is sheathed, taking into account their wishes.

The next stage is the arrangement of the body and its combination with the engine block. A small trailer from a passenger car can serve as a body. If we briefly discuss the whole process of fractures, we will get a simple algorithm: the walk-behind tractor is located on the frame, a drum-type brake system and a steering rack from the Zhiguli are installed.

We take any motoblock. If we take the Neva walk-behind tractor, it is more expedient to choose it with a hitch. Then the mini-tractor will carry loads and trailers. Another suitable motoblock is the Centaur diesel block. To decide which walk-behind tractor to choose, you need to figure out the purpose of the mini-tractor. The 4x4 break frame tractor has the main advantage - maneuverability.

Conclusion on the topic

If necessary, you can make a mower, milling cutter, bucket. The main advantage of a break-frame tractor is its maneuverability. Its assembly is simple, so such an agricultural unit can be made by any summer resident who understands technology. The prime cost of a home-made car will be comparatively lower than the price of a Pskov factory analogue.

The minitractor caliber MT 244 can be operated in any conditions and on complete off-road. The pneumatic suspension consists of a receiver, an updated vehicle control valve, and a compressor. The minitractor caliber MT 244 can be stored in the garage, and due to the presence of reinforced attachments, easy fixation of various devices is provided.

You don't have to buy a tractor - you can assemble it yourself. There is an assembly option with a monolithic frame, which is easier, or with a broken one - you have to tinker with it, but the machine turns out to be maneuverable. A homemade mini-tractor of a break 4x4 is constructed entirely from elements of old cars and equipment.

The tractor got its name "breaking point" because of the frame, which consists of two parts. Before starting the assembly, you need to have a diagram with the dimensions of the nodes so that all the elements fit in size.

DIY 4x4 tractor with a fracture frame

This process can be described by a general scheme, but in practice, almost every self-taught assembler makes his own adjustments to the design.

To assemble a mini-tractor, do-it-yourself fractures usually adhere to the following requirements:

• The frame has a 3-stage spar system. For the front ones, take channels # 10. The third stage is made from a pipe with a cut of 8 by 8 cm.
• The front traverse can be made from channel # 12, for the rear one it is best to use # 16.
• The crossbeams are built according to the same system.
• The engine is selected according to suitable characteristics - size, power, type of attachment.
• The most commonly chosen 40 hp 4-cylinder diesel engine. With.
• Liquid cooling allows the equipment to work all day without overheating.
• The next step is to install the power take-off shaft, gearbox, transfer case. The parts of the old GAZ-53 truck are ideal.

To connect the motor and clutch, you will need to rework the flywheel - trimming its rear part and grinding a new span. Upgrading the casing consists of adjusting to the desired size.

The propeller shaft and rear axle will fit from any car; you do not need to change anything in it.

How to install a wheelbase with your own hands?

The main thing here is to choose the correct wheel diameter. For a mini-tractor with a breakable frame, it can also be taken from a car if the disc diameter is at least 14 inches. Wheels that are too small will get stuck in the ground, and large ones will make it difficult to control the equipment. The use of the tractor can be facilitated by installing a hydraulic system. It can be completely removed from any decommissioned agricultural machinery.

• The front axle can be easily constructed from a pipe by installing bearings on it. Another option is to take from another, unnecessary technique.
• Tires should be chosen with a deep tread pattern - this increases the maneuverability of the tractor.
• Good cushioning is provided by 18-inch tires.

The rear wheels are installed on the axle hubs in a simple way: the center of the disc with mounting holes is cut out, and the same part from the ZIL-130 is welded to this place.

How to set the steering correctly?

To assemble a mini-tractor with your own hands, any steering control taken from a passenger car is suitable. The most successful option will be the option with a hydraulic system - this will improve the controllability of the tractor.

An oil pump is also needed - it is started by the engine. The main wheels are best connected through a gearbox.

An important element of the system is a hydromechanical drum brake. It connects with a pedal rod.

After all parts of the structure are assembled, the operator's workplace is drawn up. For this, an adjustable seat is installed. You can build a canopy with your own hands by fixing it on 4 welded uprights.

To ensure safety, the engine and all internal elements are hidden under a steel casing - it is usually bent out of a sheet of galvanized steel. For work in the dark, the tractor is equipped with a headlight and a battery for it.

The mini tractor is an indispensable agricultural technique for cultivating the land, planting seeds and harvesting. This technique is especially in demand in the village, among the owners of large household plots. The cost of factory-made mini tractors is quite high. Even new Chinese-made technology is sometimes not affordable for everyone. Therefore, more and more home craftsmen are trying to make a mini tractor on their own, using available materials.

If you decide to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands, then first of all you need to choose a power unit for it. The latter is often used ZID engine... It is a four-stroke unit with a volume of 0.52 liters. and a capacity of 4.5 l / s, which is quite suitable for processing 2-3 hectares of land. The engine is easy to maintain, so it is often installed on various home-made equipment, moreover, it is easy to buy it on the Internet.

Another option for DIY is ... This is a two-cylinder unit with a capacity of about 12 l / s and a volume of 0.42 liters. Although this type of motor has long been out of production, there are a large number of offers on the Internet for the sale of this unit. You can buy it for about 5,000 - 8,000 rubles.

Often, when making homemade tractors, craftsmen use motors from cars. For example, you can find mini tractors with an engine from the Oka.

This engine has a power of 29.3 l / s and a volume of 0.649 liters. In fact, this is a VAZ engine (VAZ 21083), only in a lightweight version, since it has 2 times less weight. A distinctive feature of the Oka engine is low gas mileage and high efficiency.

A more expensive option is engine from "Zhiguli"... The motors of the VAZ car line have an engine power of 59 l / s (VAZ 2101) and above. A tractor with a VAZ engine is a fairly powerful unit that is able to cope with almost any agricultural work.

It is easiest for owners of walk-behind tractors to make a mini-tractor for a household, since this unit already has all the necessary control units. All that remains is to make a suitable frame and the tractor is ready.

What to make a frame

The assembly of a mini tractor always begins with the manufacture of the frame. The frame of the minitractor acts as a base on which all the units and parts of this unit are fixed. The frame must be strong enough and at the same time not very heavy. It is usually made from metal angle, profile pipe or channel... Parts are connected by welding. The frame can be in one piece or in two parts.

One-piece frame the easiest way to make. It is enough to weld a rectangle from a channel or corner. The dimensions of the frame are calculated based on the dimensions of the engine, gearbox and other components.

Also, among the owners of personal plots, the 4x4 mini tractor is very popular. These are all-wheel drive mini tractors with a breaking frame... The word "all-wheel drive" means that the unit is driven by both axles, front and rear. An example of such a frame made from channel No. 10 is shown in the following photo.

Frame fracture node most often made from the cardan shaft of a car, for example, from the GAZ-52.

The main advantage of a home-made tractor with a breaking frame is the small turning radius of the unit. Due to its high maneuverability, the breakage mini-tractor is successfully used in small areas where the turning of a mini-tractor with a solid frame will be difficult.

Shown below are drawings of a frame connected by a hinge.

What to make a chassis

To assemble a mini tractor, you need to prepare its chassis. It includes wheels, front and rear axles, transmission elements.

When choosing wheels for a mini tractor the purpose of using the latter should be taken into account. If the unit is being built for the transport and pulling of loads, then a disc diameter of 16 inches will be sufficient. When using the tractor in the field, it is better to use more massive wheels with discs with a diameter of 18 to 24 inches.

If the drive axle in your tractor is only the rear axle, then the front beam is manufactured simple enough.

To make a homemade front axle, as well as its rear counterpart for all-wheel drive unit, you will need to take 2 identical undercarriage assemblies, for example, from a VAZ or Moskvich car, and shorten them. How to shorten the bridge from the VAZ car, you can learn from this video.

Important! Axles must have the same gearboxes, with the same gear ratio. Otherwise, the front and rear wheels will rotate at different speeds when the tractor is moving.

Since the bridges already have a built-in mechanism for transmitting rotational motion to the wheel axle, it is not required to make a homemade gearbox.

Advantages of installing hydraulics

The hydraulics are installed on the mini-tractor in order to ensure the operation of some of its mechanisms and to facilitate the control of this unit. The unit with installed hydraulics has its own advantages.

1. The machine becomes easy to operate. The steering wheel can be turned, with almost no effort, with one hand.
2. Hydraulics makes it possible to use various attachments.
3. The use of hydraulics allows you to upgrade the braking system. Thanks to the hydraulic cylinders installed on the unit, the unit is braked instantly.

You can make hydraulics on a mini tractor if you purchase a ready-made system in a store in advance or use parts from old agricultural equipment.

Important! When installing hydraulics on a mini tractor, it should be borne in mind that some of the engine power will be spent on servicing this unit. Therefore, for tractors with low power engines, installing hydraulics will not do any good.

What is PTO for?

The power take-off shaft (PTO) is designed to drive various agricultural mechanisms connected to a mini-tractor, for example, various milling cutters for cultivating the land, potato diggers, mowers, snow plows, etc.

PTO can be like dependent as well as independent... In the first case, the shaft is driven by a transmission that transmits rotary motion to the wheels. As soon as the wheels stop, the PTO stops rotating. The independent PTO is rotated from the engine crankshaft. Therefore, the higher the engine speed, the faster the shaft rotates.

In addition, there are tractors with Synchronous PTO... The speed of rotation of the synchronous shaft directly depends on the gear ratio of the transmission of the moving tractor. Synchronization of movement and rotation is required when operating the machine with seeding equipment.

Making a three-point hitch

The hinge is used for connecting additional equipment to the tractor for example a plow.

The hitch must be movable both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical... In the first case, mobility helps to reduce the stick out when steering. Vertical suspension movement is required to lower the equipment into working condition or raise it to the transport position.

A hitch for a mini tractor is made from various parts taken from old agricultural machinery. It is rather difficult to describe how to make a three-point hitch at home. Therefore, it would be more correct to use the following video, which indicates the dimensions of all parts of the device.

Selection and installation of brakes and clutch

The brakes must be installed on the rear wheelset. The easiest way is to take ready-made blocks from a UAZ car... The brake pads must be installed on the wheel discs, and the control should be brought to the pedal or lever installed inside the cab.

To install the clutch on a homemade mini tractor, you can also use a ready-made option from any car. For example one can use belt clutch from Moskvich or UAZ.

The clutch block is attached to a gearbox, also taken from a vehicle. How to install the clutch can be seen in this video.

Steering installation

It is quite difficult to make a steering mechanism on your own, and in principle it makes no sense, since all the parts can be taken from any car.

When installing the steering mechanism, the steering shaft with the gear is connected to the steering bipods, which are located on the steering knuckles mounted on the front beam (the manufacture of the beam was considered above).

How to make a cabin for a mini tractor

If in the summer period it is possible to work on a mini-tractor without a cab, then with the onset of the autumn-winter period, the use of the unit becomes rather uncomfortable or even impossible. Therefore, craftsmen try to assemble tractors with cabins in order to use this technique all year round.

The cabin for homemade equipment is made sheet steel according to a previously prepared drawing. As a basis for calculations, you can take the cab from the MTZ tractor. The next photo shows a drawing, based on which you can make a cabin yourself.

Advice! If the dimensions of the cab, available in the drawing, do not fit the dimensions of your mini tractor, then they must be changed. But the main thing to consider when adjusting the dimensions is the size of the windshield and the height of the cab. Its ceiling should be 25 cm higher than the head of the person sitting in the cockpit.

The cabin is manufactured as follows.

In general, in order to better understand how a mini-tractor is made with your own hands, you can watch this video, a kind of tutorial for beginners.

The nuances of making a caterpillar tractor

Homemade tracked mini tractors are a technique, the main feature of which is high maneuverability and good maneuverability... Also, a tractor on tracks creates minimal pressure on the soil, which cannot be said about its wheeled counterpart.

To make a caterpillar mini-tractor, you will need the following structural elements.

1. Frame. It is made from a profile pipe or channel.
2. Engine. For a tracked mini tractor, it is better to use a diesel engine.
3. Main bridge. As with the manufacture of a wheeled tractor, a ready-made axle from an old car can also be used for a tracked unit, which should be shortened.
4. Transmission. The ideal option would be a box from a GAZ-53.
5. Clutch. A clutch block from a GAZ-52 will do.
6. Caterpillars. They are made of tires from wheels of large-sized equipment, for example, from a tractor.

For the manufacture of caterpillars you need to take 2 tires from the tractor and cut off the side parts on them. These tires are then fitted onto the wheels mounted on the frame, as shown in the following photo.

So that the tractor can turn, a differential must be installed on the rear axle, which will disconnect the right or left wheel from the drive. Also, each wheel must be equipped with a separate brake. When you press the brake pedal and shift the differential, one wheel of the drive axle stops, and the opposite one continues to rotate. As a result, the tractor turns in the desired direction.

Having a summer cottage or a vegetable garden, it is impossible to do without a good mechanical device that will help to dig up the soil for planting all kinds of agricultural crops. However, to purchase such a unit, you will need to shell out not a small amount of money, However, there is an alternative option that will allow you to acquire the necessary device and save your finances at the same time. It is quite possible to make a homemade mini-tractor with a breaking frame with your own hands.

A homemade 4x4 fracture mini-tractor is similar to a conventional tractor built on the basis of a walk-behind tractor. Conventionally, tractors can be divided into three types: homemade, factory, converted by means of factory parts.

DIY mini tractor

It is not so easy to build a mini tractor with your own hands, however, it is quite interesting, which requires attention and diligence. Today, you can find a lot of different assembly options, but there is the most suitable design, which is suitable for both experienced designers and beginners. First of all, let's take a look at the frame design. Despite the angularity on the outside, all connecting corners and chassis parts are proportionally distributed.

Drawings of a mini tractor with a breaking frame

Key frame details:

Spars;

Traverse.

The spars have a three-stage assembled structure. The front steps are made of size 10 channels, and the last one is made of a square tube. The rear traverse is made of a sixteenth channel, and the front one is made of a twelfth. Absolutely such a concept would be appropriate for the cross member. The tractor can be equipped with any engine that matches the power of the unit. The most suitable option is a 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine. The optimal power of a homemade mini tractor designed for work in household areas is 40 hp.

To dock the clutch basket with the power unit, it is necessary to build a new engine flywheel and make a reconstructed basket casing to fit it to the required size. The flywheel is usually machined using a lathe. You need to trim the back and cut another hole in the middle. The bridge does not need significant adjustments, so it will fit any size. 4 ladders are used for fastening to the frame. To create a propeller shaft, parts from any machine are suitable. In order to achieve a high level of shock absorption, it is recommended to fit 18 "tires. Fitting the wheels is easy and simple. It is worth noting that it is necessary to cut a small part from the disk in the middle with a hole for installation. After that, instead of it, the central element of the disk from the ZIL-130 should be welded. The bridge in front can be built independently, since you do not need to have special abilities for this. However, if you want to make the assembly procedure easier, you can simply use the axle from another vehicle.

Video: PTO device on a homemade mini-tractor with a breaking frame

Tractor wheelbase design

It is this component of the mini tractor that should be given special attention. Of course, you can use ordinary wheels from a car, but here you need to go slowly. The required wheel rim dimensions for the front axle are about 14 inches. If wheels with a smaller diameter are installed, there is a high probability that the tractor will not work properly in the future. And for us, the main task is to prevent the mini tractor from sinking into the soil. But there is another aspect that should also be considered. In the event that the front wheels are too large, it will be quite difficult for the driver to control this unit. However, this process can be facilitated by installing a power steering.

In addition, it is important that the wheel tires have good lugs. This will make the mini tractor more maneuverable, reduce the load on the chassis, and also simplify the operation of the device.

Steering

In order to improve the maneuverability of the tractor, it is advisable to install a hydraulic control. It is possible to find hydraulics for decommissioned agricultural equipment. To assemble it, an oil pump is needed, which will be driven by the engine. Thanks to him, the required level of pressure in the hydraulic motors is maintained. It is best if the wheels of the main shaft are steered with a gearbox.

Steering drawing

Brake system

Suspension

The direction of rotation is accomplished by a simple distribution over 4 working positions. The main advantage of an all-wheel drive minitractor with a 4x4 frame is that it has excellent maneuverability. This undoubtedly makes assembly more difficult as it is necessary to design a reliable and correct shaft with connections. For the construction of a homemade tractor, it is recommended to use the cardan shafts of the main transmission from trucks. Today you can find a lot of video materials with detailed instructions for making mini tractors with your own hands, however, as a rule, the basic manufacturing rules are the same. On all tractors, the gearbox is fixed to the frame, and the steering rods assist steering. As a rule, a hydromechanical drum brake is used everywhere, which is controlled by a pedal. The accelerator and attachments are applied manually.

Designing a mini tractor requires a variety of spare parts, which are perfect for automobiles. So the drum brake comes in handy for the front wheelbase. The steering rack and pedal control can be taken from a small VAZ.

Construction tools

In addition to parts, a wide range of different tools should be used:

Welding machine;

Spanners;

Disc plate and so on.

In some cases, you may need to contact professional welders or auto repair services. However, here it is important to objectively assess your own abilities and skills in this industry. Device control and installation of the driver's seat As a rule, the installation of the control system and the kinematic diagram is carried out after the design of the chassis. One of the most important factors in this matter is the correct positioning of the driver's seat. It is recommended to install a seat from any car, which is not at all problematic to find in car services. The position of the steering wheel is also important, it must be attached at the most convenient level for the driver. The steering wheel should not press down on the knees, in this regard, it must be mounted so that the driver does not have a feeling of discomfort while operating the unit.

Engine and equipment of a body of a minitractor

As soon as the undercarriage of the device is designed, the kinematic plan is implemented and the seat is installed, it is time to start installing the main element of the unit - the engine. For its high-quality fixation on the frame, a special slotted plate should be used. In addition, it will allow you to give the required level of rigidity to the undercarriage of the tractor. After that, it is necessary to mount the electrical and mechanical circuits of the control system. Body cladding can be any, depending on the manufacturer's wishes. However, it is recommended to hide some components and components of the body in order to prevent contamination and breakdowns due to contact with the soil.

Assembly technique

Before you create this colossus with your own hands, it is necessary to highlight the main purposes for which this device will be intended. The breaking procedure itself can be described quite simply: the walk-behind tractor is installed on a home-made frame. The brake system must be drum, and the steering rack can be removed from the Russian Zhiguli.

If a Neva walk-behind tractor is used as a base, it is better to choose it with a hitch, since this will allow you to transport trailers. Of course, if you use a profile walk-behind tractor, the service life of such a machine, as well as its performance, will significantly increase. an assistant for work in summer cottages or rural gardens.In addition, its price will differ significantly from the mini-tractor, which can be bought in specialized retail outlets.

Video on assembling a homemade mini tractor (break)