Motors with different characters. Motors with different characters Gaz volga 406 engine

A good, fairly modern engine with good technical characteristics. Produced by the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. Unlike the previous model of ZMZ engines, namely the 402 has 16 valves per 4 cylinders, a compression ratio of 9.3 and some other details.

or carburetor have some difference in the index. The injector has the designation ZMZ 4062, and the carburetor ZMZ 4061 and ZMZ4063.

However, the biggest difference lies elsewhere. 406 engine injector has better technical characteristics in comparison with its carburetor counterparts. With the same weight (about 190 kg) and the same volume of 2.3 liters, the engine power is 150 hp, which is much more than the power of engines with a carburetor. (100 and 110 hp respectively). The maximum torque is also higher than 206 N * m, against 181 and 191 N * m in 4061 and 4062. Such higher characteristics allow you to carry more load and easier to cope with bad roads.

It may seem that the fuel consumption of a more powerful engine, that is, an injection 406 should be higher. But no. Fuel consumption is significantly lower per horsepower. 185 grams. But the carburetor 406 consumes 195-200 grams.

Although the 406 injection engine is better, it has a rather complex power supply and control system, which requires professional attention. However, with proper care, this engine has proven itself to be reliable, powerful and fast, and usually does not cause trouble for maintenance personnel.

This power unit is installed on domestic cars of the middle class. This engine was installed on a large number of GAZ vehicles and, in particular, on various versions of Gazelle and Volga vehicles.

The question of which carburetor is better to put on a gazelle with a 406 engine can often be heard from the owners of this car. The most popular Russian middle-class cars produced by the Gorky plant have a wide degree of unification. Carburetors can be installed on the 406th gazelle engine: Solex, Weber,. To find the most effective carburetor for a gazelle with a carburetor engine, you should study all their pros and cons.

We put the Solex carburetor on a gazelle with a 406 engine

Solex carburetor is manufactured by Dimitrovgrad Automotive Component Plant LLC under license from Solex, France. And this carburetor can be easily installed on a gazelle with a 406th engine. A general view of the carburetor is shown in Fig. 1 at the bottom.

Rice. 1. Solex carburetor.

For many years of operation on gazelle cars, Solex-type devices have shown themselves to be reliable, durable, convenient mechanisms. In the most critical conditions, frost -40 degrees, blizzard, blizzard 406, the engines start after overnight parking on the street and are on duty around the clock on all highways in Russia.

The Solex carburetor on a gazelle with a 406th engine does not fail either in high mountains with thin air, or in the sands of Central Asia, or in the Far North. All carburetor systems operate stably on both lean and highly enriched mixtures, with fuel overflow.

The settings are highly dependent on the fuel level in the float chamber and the idle speed adjustment. The first adjustment takes a lot of patience. At the factory, the fuel level is adjusted with a test float gauge. In a garage, the operation is carried out with repeated screwing in and out of the quality screw, as well as bending the edges of the floats.

Instructions for adjusting the Solex carburetor on a gazelle

ATTENTION! The supply hose is removed on a heated engine. Carefully! Gasoline may splash! The cover of the float chamber is unscrewed and removed together with the floats. Measure the distance from the Solex carburetor cover to the fuel surface in two chambers. It is better to do this with a caliper. The ideal distance for the correct operation of all systems is 25-35 mm.

Adjustment is carried out by bending the edges of the floats. must be drained from the float chambers. After completing the adjustment, it is necessary to start the engine and fill the chambers with gasoline to the indicated level. The next adjustment relates to the idle speed of the engine.

Warm up the engine to 90 ° and turn it off. Tighten screw 11 shown in fig. 1, until it stops. Start the engine, remove the suction, and open the air damper (Fig. 1 number in Fig. 4). Unscrew the mixture quality screw, achieve stable engine operation when the accelerator pedal is released. The revolutions should not exceed 1200 rpm.

Tighten the screw until the engine jerks, run intermittently. Unscrew 1-2 turns back. The motor began to work like a clock. More subtle settings are made at your discretion. According to the instructions, the engine speed should be in the range of 800-900 rpm.

Pros and cons of installing a DAAZ 4178 carburetor on a gazelle

Arguing about which carburetor is better to put on a gazelle with a 406 engine, it is necessary to consider another one of the most compact and reliable Russian carburetors. This is the domestic one. The device is shown in fig, 2 at the bottom.

Rice. 2. Carburetor 4178

The carburetor 4178 is not much different from the previously presented carburetor. All systems are almost identical, the adjustments are similar. Both carburettors are manufactured by the same company. It also produces carburetors for the entire domestic car industry: VAZ, GAZ, IZH, Moskvich, UAZ.

The DAAZ 4178-1107010 carburetor is a more complex device than the Solex carburetor. This is a two-chamber mechanism of an emulsion type, the throttle valves of which open in series.

The float chamber is balanced, the following systems are located in series:

suction of gases;
branch pipes for selection of the control vacuum in the throttle valve body;
exhaust gas recirculation system.

IMPORTANT! Balanced, high-quality mixing of the components of the air-fuel mixture is achieved by the ideal design of the diffuse channel with an air swirler located in it. An innovative development of Dimitrovgrad scientists - an accelerator pump - made it possible to carry out the most smooth transition during a sharp opening of the throttle valves.

Thanks to its improved design, the carburetor quickly gained popularity among gazelle drivers. Many motorists re-equip their gazelles with this carburetor and do not regret it. The main characteristics and fuel consumption of Solex and DAAZ 4178 carburetors are the same.

When among the owners of the gazelle it comes to the question of which carburetor is better to put the 406 engine, many come in one of the options, namely, to install the long-tested K-151D carburetor. This carburetor is very popular and is often found in UAZ, IZH, Volga, Sobol cars. For the 406 gazelle engine, a modification of the K-151D has been developed.

Rice. 3. Carburetor K-151: 1 - screw-plug of the float axis; 2 -lever on the air damper axis; 3 - threaded plug of the fuel jet of the secondary chamber transition system; 4 - connection for selection of vacuum to the vacuum regulator of the ignition distributor; 5 - fitting for selection of vacuum to the EPHH system valve; 6 - fitting of the crankcase ventilation system; 7 - fuel filter housing with inlet and bypass fittings; 8 - screw for fastening the filter housing; 9 - the union of the vacuum control of the exhaust gas recirculation valve: 10 - the threaded plug of the emulsion jet of the idle system; 11 - stud for fastening the air filter housing: 12 - threaded plug for draining fuel from the float chamber; 13 - connector for supplying vacuum to the EPHH valve; 14 - screw for adjusting the composition of the mixture at idle (screw "quality"); 15 and 22 - EPHH system microswitch; 17 - screw for adjusting the crankshaft speed at idle (screw "quantity"): 18 - screw of the two-beam lever of the starting device; 19 - trigger lever; 20 - the lever on the air damper axis; 21 - draft of the air damper drive; 23 - free-wheeling spring of the throttle valve control lever; 24 - overhead lever of the starting device control cam; 25 - adjusting screw for the position of the air damper drive rod; 26 - opening tendril of the throttle lever of the second chamber; 27 - the closing tendril of the throttle lever of the second chamber; 28 - a cam of the starting device; 29 - stop screw for the second chamber flap lever; 30 - fuel outlet fitting: 31 - accelerator pump cam fastening screw (option):

When AvtoGAZ switched the production of gazelles to the installation of 406 engines, at the same time, the K-151D carburetor was modernized. Since then, the mechanism has been successfully used in gazelles. Structurally, the unit is similar to the Solex carburetor. Differs in the presence of a suction in the form of a wire that synchronizes the simultaneous movement of the crescent of the launcher and the adjusting heel of the throttle valve.

IMPORTANT! This wire creates a bond between the two separate mechanisms. The suction ensures a quick, easy engine start. The suction can be adjusted by adjusting the required values. Engine start parameters are set depending on the outside temperature and weather conditions.

Other carburetors that can be put on a gazelle

Answering the question: which carburetor is better to put on a gazelle with a carburetor engine of the 406th model, we can say that stable, reliable, long-term operation of the above-mentioned engine is also possible when these machines are equipped with carburetors of the Weber, Ozone, K-131 models.

However, their installation involves minor re-equipment of electronic systems and control units. At the factory, gazelles are not equipped with the specified carburetors.

Pros and cons of carburetors

The engines of modern cars are mostly equipped with electronic fuel injection systems - injection injection, single injection, central injection, distributed injection. These systems work perfectly, save fuel, but are too expensive. The second disadvantage is that if these blocks fail or become clogged, their repair can only be carried out in a car service at special stands. You will have to pay a lot for this.

Carburettors have many advantages: inexpensive, simple mechanisms. When properly adjusted, they provide significant fuel savings. The most economical is the K-151D carburetor - 8 liters of AI-92 gasoline. The second in terms of fuel consumption is Solex - 8.5 liters of AI-92 gasoline.

The most gluttonous is the 4178 carburetor - 9 liters of AI-92 gasoline. The measurements were carried out on the highway at a speed of 90 km / h. Cons of carburetors: problems with cold start at low temperatures in Solex models, 4178. Sometimes there are gas pedal failures, fuel mixture depletion.

These disadvantages disappear with correct adjustment. So to the question: which carburetor is better to put on a 406 gazelle engine, you can answer with full confidence: all three carburetors - Solex, 4178, K-151D are quite working mechanisms and they can be installed on your gazelle. Correct adjustments will turn your Gazelle into a beast. You will become the hero of all highways.

Not a nail, not a rod!

The power unit of the ZMZ-406 family is a gasoline internal combustion engine manufactured by Zavolzhsky Motor Plant OJSC. Development began in 1992, and the motor entered mass production in 1997. It was the first to use a fuel injection system.

The ZMZ-406 engine was widely used and was installed on cars of the Gorky plant 3110 and the model range of the Gazelle family).

The ZMZ-4062.10 engine with a volume of 2.28 liters and a capacity of 150 "horses" became the flagship of the family.

The power plant ZMZ-4062.10 is designed for a complete set of cars and minibuses. And the motors ZMZ-4061.10 and ZMZ-4063.10 are for the assembly of trucks of small carrying capacity.

Engine description

The motor was previously designed for the newfangled power and ignition systems, which were controlled by a microprocessor.

This engine was the first to be equipped with four valves per cylinder, with hydraulic pushers and two double chain-driven camshafts. An electronic fuel supply system and electronic ignition were also installed.

The four cylinders are in-line with a water jacket and controlled fuel injection. The order of the pistons: 1-3-4-2.

ZMZ-406 injector runs on A-92 gasoline. Previously, a carbureted version of the 4061 engine was produced, which ran on 76th gasoline. She had limitations in terms of release.

The unit is unpretentious in maintenance. It has a high degree of reliability. Later, ZMZ-405 and 409 installations, as well as a diesel version of the engine marked ZMZ-514, were developed on its basis.

The disadvantages of the engine include the bulkiness of the drive, which is explained by its low quality of performance and a number of technological flaws.

Specifications ZMZ-406

This power unit was produced from 1997 to 2008. The cylinder crankcase is made of cast iron, it has an in-line position of the cylinders. The engine weighs 187 kilograms. Equipped with a carburetor fuel supply system or an injector. The piston stroke is 86 millimeters, and the cylinder diameter is 92 millimeters. At the same time, the worker is 2286 cubic centimeters and is capable of developing a power of 177 "horses" at 3500 rpm.

Carburetor motor

ZMZ-406 carburetor (402th engine) has been produced since 1996 and managed to establish itself as a simple and reliable unit. This device develops a power of 110 horsepower. The fuel consumption of a car with this engine often depends on the driving style and operating conditions. The power supply system of the carburetor unit is quite reliable. With timely maintenance and normal operation, with the use of high-quality lubricant and gasoline, it can travel up to 500 thousand kilometers without serious damage. Of course, with the exception of the crankshaft bore, which is necessary for this unit every 250 thousand kilometers.

Ignition system

On ZMZ-406 engines, ignition is carried out by igniting the fuel mixture using a microprocessor system. For all operating modes of the engine, the electronics sets the required ignition advance angle. It also performs the function of adjusting the workflow of the forced idle economizer. Due to the operation of this system, the engine is distinguished by its high economic indicators, the exhaust gas toxicity rate is monitored, the detonation moment is excluded and the power of the power unit is increased. On average, a GAZelle car consumes about 8-10 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers under average loads. However, if you convert it to propane or methane, the "appetite" of the car almost doubles.

Ignition Diagnostic Mode

When the car ignition is turned on, the ZMZ-406 engine diagnostics system automatically starts working (the ZMZ-405 carburetor is no exception). The fact of correct operation of the electronics is signaled by a light sensor. It should go out when the engine is started.

In the event that the diode continues to glow, this indicates a malfunction of the elements and parts of the electronic ignition system. In this case, the damage should be repaired immediately.

Injection motor

In terms of technical characteristics and component parts, the engine with an injection power system does not differ much from the carburetor analogue of the 405th model.

With proper operation, this unit is no less reliable and practical than with a carburetor, and in addition has its own advantages:

Stable idle speed.
Low level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
The efficiency factor of the ZMZ-406 injector is much higher, I do not want an analogue with a carburetor, since the fuel mixture is supplied in a timely manner and in the right amount. Accordingly, the fuel economy is evident.
Improving fuel economy.
It does not need a long warm-up of the engine in winter.

The only drawback of the injection motor is the high cost of repair and maintenance of the system. It is not possible to carry out diagnostic and repair work without special equipment and diagnostic stands. Therefore, to carry out an independent repair of the ZMZ-406 injector engine is a rather troublesome business. Often, in the event of a breakdown in the injection system, a motorist has to use the services of specialized centers for servicing fuel equipment, which can be expensive and take quite a long time. In order to encounter this problem as rarely as possible, it is necessary to produce and refuel the car with high-quality gasoline in a timely manner.

Block head

All engine modifications were equipped with one head, which met the requirements of "Euro 2". With the introduction of additional Euro 3 requirements, it has been finalized and improved. It is not interchangeable with the previous model.

In the new head, there are no grooves of the idle system, now their functions are assigned to an electronically controlled throttle. The front wall of the part is equipped with holes for attaching the chain guard, and on the left side there are drips for mounting the intake system receiver brackets. The part has pressed-in cast iron inserts and valve guides. The latter do not need periodic adjustment, since their drive is carried out using cylindrical pushers with hydraulic compensators. The modernized head ZMZ-406 has decreased in weight by 1.3 kilograms. When installing it on the engine, a metal multilayer head gasket is used.

Cylinder block

By improving the ZMZ-406 engine, the engineers were able to modify the crankcase and modernize the casting process. So, it was possible to equip the block with ducts in the casting between the cylinders. Thanks to this, this element has become rigid, and the head is fastened due to deeper threaded holes and elongated bolts. In the lower part of the crankcase there are drips that form the crankshaft supports together with the main bearing caps. The covers are cast from cast iron and are bolted to the block.

Camshaft

The ZMZ-406 camshaft is made of cast iron by casting with subsequent processing and hardening. The shafts are driven by a chain drive. The engine has two shafts with cam profiles of the same size.

The axial displacement of the cams is one millimeter in relation to the hydraulic pushers. This factor contributes to the rotation of the elements of the hydraulic drives when the engine is running, which significantly affects the wear of the working surface of the pusher and makes it uniform.

The chain drive of the shafts has hydraulic tensioners that operate on the oil pressure in the lubrication system. Parts act on the chain directly through plastic shoes that are attached to the axles. On ZMZ-406 engines, after modernization, to increase practicality and durability, they began to use sprockets instead of shoes. The latter are fixed on the swivel levers. The sprocket axles are interchangeable with the shoe axles. Instead of extending the axle of the upper chain tension shoe, they began to use a spacer, which is bolted to the block.

The ZMZ-406 engine is equipped with camshaft drive chains. They cannot be replaced with chains that were installed on earlier versions of motors.

Pistons

They are cast from an aluminum alloy and have grooves for two compression rings and one oil scraper. During operation, the piston crown is cooled with oil through an oil nipple in the upper connecting rod head.

The spherical running surface of the upper compression ring has a chromium plating layer, which contributes to a better lapping of the ring. The second element is coated with a tin layer. The oil scraper ring is of a combined type, it consists of an expander and two steel discs. The piston is fastened to the connecting rod with a pin fixed to two corkscrews.

Crankshaft

Cast from cast iron with subsequent treatment and hardening of the journal surface by high-frequency currents. Installed in a block on five main bearings.

The movement of the crankshaft, respectively, of the axis is limited by corkscrew half rings, which are located in the flow grooves of the support and the cover of the third main bearing. There are eight counterweights on the shaft. A flywheel is attached to the rear of the shaft, in the hole of which a spacer sleeve and the input shaft of the gearbox are pressed.

Butter

The power plant ZMZ-406 is equipped with a combined lubrication system. Under the influence of pressure, the piston pins, connecting rod and main bearings of the crankshaft are lubricated, the bearing points of the camshafts, the hydraulic valve drive, the intermediate shaft and the driven gear of the oil pump are lubricated. All other parts and elements of the motor are lubricated by splashing oil. The oil pump is a gear type, has one section and is driven from the intermediate shaft through helical gears. The lubrication system is equipped with an oil cooler and a full-flow cleaning filter.

Closed crankcase ventilation with forced gas evacuation. So, we have given a detailed description of all components, assemblies and engine systems. The ZMZ-406 diagram is in the photo above.

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It can be said with great confidence that the LION'S share of cargo transportation today falls on the cars of the Gorky Automobile Plant. The 406 Gazelle engine has three modifications - two carburetor and one injection. Moreover, the injection engine is installed on both minibuses and cars.

The advantages of the Gazelle 406 engine include its economy, with high power. Whatever they say, but the reliability of the engine is high, only with proper maintenance and operation. But there are also disadvantages. The engine is very picky about the quality of the engine oil and spark plugs. Plus - the engine cooling system is imperfect, overheating occurs, since often the fan on the radiator refuses to work.

There are pros and cons everywhere, but in general, the 406 engine is a reliable unit that has earned the trust of many motorists. In addition, the stores have a wide selection of spare parts for these engines. In the event of a breakdown of a unit or an overhaul of the engine, you will not spend a lot of money. Compared to servicing foreign-made engines.

Engine characteristics.

All three modifications (ZMZ-4061.10, ZMZ-4062.10 and ZMZ-4063.10) have a working volume of 2.3 liters. Only the first engine is carbureted, designed for 76th gasoline, the second is for injection, for 92nd gasoline, and the third is carbureted, also for 92nd. The cylinder diameter and piston stroke in all three modifications are the same - 92 and 86 millimeters, respectively. Different power of the engines, depending on the modification. For example, the Gazelle 4061.10 engine has a capacity of one hundred horsepower, 4062.10 - 145 horsepower, and 4063.10 - one hundred and ten.

The use of an injection injection system made it possible to increase not only power, but also to increase torque. If on a Gazelle carburetor engine running on 76th gasoline, the torque is 176 Nm, then on the injection version it is already equal to 200 Nm. Accordingly, the use of a more powerful engine improves the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle, both loaded and unloaded. This gives the loaded Gazelle confidence even when climbing uphills.

The 406 engine is the first to be electronically controlled. For the first time, electronics of the German company Bosch were used in the engine, and, moreover, in large quantities. Also, on Gazelles, a dual-circuit ignition system is introduced, with two coils. Electronic control units - domestic production (MIKAS, SOATE).

The device of the ZMZ-406 engine

1 - drain plug; 2 - oil sump; 3 - exhaust manifold; 4 - engine support bracket; 5 - valve for draining the coolant; 6 - water pump; 7 - coolant overheat lamp sensor; 8 - gauge for the coolant temperature gauge; 9 - tempera sensor; 10 - thermostat; 11 - sensor lamp for emergency oil pressure; 12 - oil pressure indicator sensor; 13 - crankcase ventilation hose; 14 - oil level indicator (dipstick); 15 - ignition coil; 16 - phase sensor; 17 - heat-insulating screen.

The cylinder block is cast from gray cast iron. There are coolant channels between the cylinders. The cylinders are designed without insert sleeves. In the lower part of the block there are five crankshaft main bearing supports. The main bearing caps are made of ductile iron and are attached to the block with two bolts. Bearing caps are bored with the block and must not be interchanged.

On all covers, except for the third bearing cover, their serial numbers are stamped. The cover of the third bearing together with the block is machined at the ends to install the thrust bearing half washers. A chain cover and an oil seal holder with crankshaft cuffs are bolted to the ends of the block. An oil sump is attached to the bottom of the block. On top of the block is a cylinder head, cast from an aluminum alloy. It has intake and exhaust valves. Each cylinder has four valves, two inlet and two outlet. The intake valves are located on the right side of the head, and the exhaust valves are located on the left.

The valves are driven by two camshafts via hydraulic tappets. The use of hydraulic pushers eliminates the need to adjust the valve drive clearances, as they automatically compensate for the clearance between the camshaft cams and the valve stems. Outside on the body of the hydraulic pusher there is a groove and a hole for supplying oil to the inside of the hydraulic pusher from the oil line.

Engine type mod. 4062 on the right side.

1 - synchronization disk; 2 - sensor of rotation frequency and synchronization; 3 - oil filter; 4 - starter; 5 - knock sensor; 6 - pipe for draining the coolant; 7 - air temperature sensor; 8 - inlet pipe; 9 - receiver; 10 - ignition coil; 11 - idle speed regulator; 12 - throttle; 13 - hydraulic chain tensioner; 14 - generator.

The hydraulic pusher has a steel body, inside of which a guide sleeve is welded. An expansion joint with a piston is installed in the sleeve. The expansion joint is held in the sleeve by a retaining ring. An expansion spring is installed between the expansion joint and the piston. The piston rests against the bottom of the hydraulic pusher housing. At the same time, a spring presses the ball check valve body.

When the camshaft cam does not press on the hydraulic pusher, the spring presses the hydraulic pusher body through the piston against the cylindrical part of the camshaft cam, and the compensator against the valve stem, while choosing the clearances in the valve drive. The ball valve is open in this position and oil flows into the hydraulic pusher. As soon as the camshaft cam rotates and pushes on the tappet housing, the housing will drop down and the ball valve will close.

The oil between the piston and the compensator begins to work like a solid. The hydraulic tappet moves downward under the action of the camshaft cam and opens the valve. When the cam, turning, stops pressing on the body of the hydraulic pusher, it moves upward under the action of the spring, opening the ball valve, and the whole cycle is repeated again.

Cross section of the engine mod. 4062

1 - oil sump; 2 - oil pump receiver; 3 - oil pump; 4 - oil pump drive; 5 - gear wheel of the intermediate shaft; 6 - cylinder block; 7 - inlet pipe; 8 - receiver; 9 - intake camshaft; 10 - inlet valve; 11 - valve cover; 12 - exhaust camshaft; 13 - oil level indicator; 14 - hydraulic valve pusher; 15 - external valve spring; 16 - valve guide sleeve; 17 - exhaust valve; 18 - cylinder head; 19 - exhaust manifold; 20 - piston; 21 - piston pin; 22 - connecting rod; 23 - crankshaft; 24 - connecting rod cover; 25 - main bearing cover; 26 - drain plug; 27 - pusher body; 28 - guide sleeve; 29 - compensator body; 30 - retaining ring; 31 - compensator piston; 32 - ball valve; 33 - ball valve spring; 34 - ball valve body; 35 - expanding spring.

Valve seats and valve guides are installed in the block head with a high interference fit. Combustion chambers are made in the lower part of the block head, in the upper part there are camshaft supports. The supports are equipped with aluminum covers. The front cover is common to the intake and exhaust camshaft mounts. This cover has plastic thrust flanges that fit into the grooves on the camshaft journals. The covers are bored with the block head, so they cannot be swapped. On all covers, except for the front one, serial numbers are stamped.

Camshaft cover installation diagram.

The camshafts are cast iron. The cam profiles of the intake and exhaust shafts are the same. The cams are offset by 1.0 mm relative to the axis of the hydraulic pushers, which makes them rotate when the engine is running. This reduces wear on the surface of the hydraulic pusher and makes it even. The head of the block is closed from above with a cover made of aluminum alloy. The pistons are also cast from an aluminum alloy. On the bottom of the piston there are four grooves for the valves, which prevent the piston from hitting the valves in case of a violation of the valve timing.

For the correct installation of the piston into the cylinder, the inscription "Before" is molded on the side wall near the boss under the piston pin. The piston is installed in the cylinder so that this inscription is facing the front of the engine. Each piston has two compression rings and one oil scraper ring. Compression rings are cast iron. The barrel-shaped working surface of the upper ring is coated with a layer of porous chromium, which improves the running-in of the ring.

The working surface of the lower ring is coated with a layer of tin. There is a groove on the inner surface of the lower ring. The ring should be installed on the piston with this groove upward to the piston crown. The oil scraper ring consists of three elements: two steel discs and an expander. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by means of a “floating” type piston pin, ie. the pin is not secured in either the piston or the connecting rod. The pin is held from movement by two snap rings, which are installed in the grooves of the piston bosses. Forged steel connecting rods with an I-section.

A bronze bushing is pressed into the upper head of the connecting rod. The lower head of the connecting rod with a cover that is fastened with two bolts. The connecting rod bolt nuts have a self-locking thread and therefore do not additionally lock. The connecting rod caps are machined with the connecting rod and therefore cannot be moved from one connecting rod to another. Cylinder numbers are stamped on the connecting rods and connecting rod caps. To cool the piston crown with oil, holes are made in the connecting rod and the upper head. The weight of pistons assembled with connecting rods should not differ by more than 10 g for different cylinders.

Thin-walled connecting rod bushings are installed in the lower head of the connecting rod. The crankshaft is cast from ductile iron. The shaft has eight counterweights. It is kept from axial movement by persistent half washers installed on the middle neck. A flywheel is attached to the rear end of the crankshaft. A spacer sleeve and a gearbox input shaft bearing are inserted into the flywheel hole. Cylinder numbers are stamped on the connecting rods and connecting rod caps. To cool the piston crown with oil, holes are made in the connecting rod and the upper head. The weight of pistons assembled with connecting rods should not differ by more than 10 g for different cylinders.

From the very beginning of production, the Gazelle was equipped only with the ZMZ 402 engine, but since 1996, the ZMZ 406 engine began to be serially installed on the car. The internal combustion engine was equipped, but unlike the Volga, which already had an injector, it was decided to leave the carburetor on the Gazelle. ...

The engine installed on the Gazelle 406

For the "Gazelle" with the 406th engine, its own carburetor was provided, and it was somewhat different from the "Volgovsky", which came with. The carburetors also had different markings, the Volga had the K151S model, and the Gazelle K151D. Outwardly, the devices are exactly the same, the only difference is in the filling. In the K151D model, the nozzles of the accelerator pump inject fuel immediately into both chambers of the carburetor, on the K151C - only into the first chamber. Also, carburetors have different jet sections.

The carburetor ZMZ 406 on the Gazelle has one problem - a rather big one, especially when the car is loaded and drives at speeds above 60 km / h. The problem is still present, and each owner of a commercial vehicle is trying to solve it in his own way.

Solex 21073

At one time it was fashionable to install a DAAZ carburetor Solex 21073 on a Gazelle. The carburetor was sold in car dealerships even with an adapter kit for a GAZ air filter, originally it was intended for installation on a Volga with a ZMZ 402 engine. But this fashion, however, quickly passed away. Designed to save fuel, the Solex quickly clogged up.

Instead of saving, it "ate" fuel even more than the K151D, while the car did not want to drive normally. A typical problem in the model "karba" 21073 was the clogging of the idle jet on the solenoid valve, and when it got dirty, the motor refused to idle at all - it was constantly stalled and did not develop power.

Carburetor malfunctions

What to do if the carburetor Gazelle has become noticeably more fuel consumption than the norm?

It looks like a Solex carburetor 21073 for a Gazelle

With "Solex", very few people were satisfied with the option - if it worked more or less normally, then it did not last very long. There was only one way out - to repair the "native" K151D or buy a new 151, if the old one was no longer subject to repair. In general, problems with the carburetor are typical, and once understanding their essence, it was possible to successfully troubleshoot in the future.

The following malfunctions occurred:

There are still all sorts of problems with "carb", but the aforementioned "sores" are more common. By the way, any of the carburetor malfunctions invariably leads to an increase in fuel consumption, which is why this device causes a lot of headaches for Gazel car owners.

Adjustment

Fuel consumption directly depends on the adjustment, even if the carburetor is absolutely serviceable.

There is only one external adjustment in the device - this is idle. How to do it correctly:

If there are malfunctions in the carburetor or engine that affect the stability of idle speed, it makes no sense to adjust the idle speed - you must first fix the problems.

There are many reasons for the unstable operation of the internal combustion engine - starting from an elementary inoperative spark plug or a punctured high-voltage wire, ending with a burned-out exhaust valve or piston.

If you remove the carburetor housing cover, you can adjust the gasoline level in the float chamber. Adjustment is made by bending the tongue on the float.