Another cyclone came to Primorye. Forecasters are predicting heavy snowfall. Most drivers who do not know how to cope with extreme driving situations make seemingly ridiculous accidents, collecting kilometer-long traffic jams.
The PRIMPRESS correspondent decided to try to rectify the situation and talked with Alexander Borisyuk, the head coach, teacher and general director of the Far East Center for Higher Driving Excellence Liga-M.
Most often in Vladivostok there are cars with front and all-wheel drive. What to do if cars with such a drive are dragged on ice?
– Here it is important to understand what it means to “drag”, which wheels will slide. If the front wheels slip, this is a drift (loss of control), if the rear wheels, then this is a skid (loss of vehicle stability), if all four wheels slide, this is a side slip or rotation, and each “disease” is treated differently. The most dangerous thing is not to go into a skid, but to lose the grip of the front wheels with the road. Skidding is possible only when the front wheels hold the road well, that is, this is the sliding of the rear axle of the car. When skidding, you do not lose control, since the front wheels have traction, and they, on any drive, can pull you out of a skid. It is much worse if you lose the grip of the front wheels, that is, you lose control, this is underestimated by many. How does loss of control happen? Firstly, this is strong braking, that is, pressing the brake pedal with excessive force. This is what leads to the blocking of the front wheels, that is, to the loss of controllability. It's like accelerating, putting your feet on the ice and sliding by momentum. Yes, they will turn us around, turn us anywhere, but we will go where we have accelerated. The same thing happens with a car: if the front axle of the car has lost traction, started to slip, we have an uncontrollable car. And who made the car uncontrollable? A driver who, out of fright, for example, pressed the brake pedal with both feet and now prays where the hard one will bring him. This is the first cause of drift.
"It's much scarier if you lose front wheel traction"
The second reason is an overestimated speed on the turning arc. All drivers know that the tighter the turn, the lower the preliminary speed must be to enter it. And if the driver understands that he has entered a turn, and the speed is too high, the worst mistake would be to slow down at that moment. Of course, there are tricks of braking on an arc, but these are tricks of the highest driving skill. It is very difficult. Unfortunately, this often happens: overspeed, steering wheel in turn, brake to the floor. And then we get drifts, an uncontrollable car, sliding of the front wheels and we find ourselves in the oncoming lane or in a ditch.
In winter driving, first of all, it is speed. Slippery road - so the speed should be lower. It is also necessary to abandon jerky taxiing techniques. Do everything smoothly so as not to "slip" the front wheels. Also, smoothly act on the gas and brake pedals so as not to cause slipping or blocking of the wheels. Such movements should also be practiced in the summer, in order to be ready for these road conditions in the winter. For some people, this is a very difficult task, especially for those who are choleric in temperament. But this is a necessity.
“Unfortunately, this often happens: overspeed, steering wheel in turn, brake to the floor”
Then you need to understand that there are no perfect cars. People believe that if they are in a four-wheel drive car, then this is not 4WD, but "four everywhere." A four-wheel drive car is really one of the most passable. But it’s not for nothing that the Russian proverb says: “The cooler the jeep, the farther to run after the tractor.” Not everything can be overcome by a “wheel drive” jeep, whatever it may be. And in our city there are such obstacles that no car can cope with: our hills, for example. By the way, not only the ascent can be insurmountable, but also the descent.
How to get a car out of a skid?
General advice is known to all. If the car has lost control due to a sharp turn by the steering wheel, then you need to reduce the angle of rotation of the front wheels. If a skid occurs on a front-wheel drive car, well, in fact, as with any drive, you need to turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. This is familiar to everyone from school, but, unfortunately, this rule has never saved anyone, because no one says exactly when to turn the steering wheel, at what speed and at what angle. I'll say this: on the front-wheel drive, you need to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding and press the gas pedal. No matter how scary it may be, but the front-wheel drive saves the gas. Moreover, slipping of the front wheels leads to the destruction of any skid. Yes, it can pull a little to the side, but the car will come out of the skid. Of course, it’s scary to press the gas when the car has already lost control, which is why training is needed. But not on public roads, but where there are no people or cars. It is necessary to specifically throw the car into a skid in order to feel and understand that the gas pedal is your salvation. Only such training should be done under the supervision of an experienced driver.
“In our city there are such obstacles that no car can overcome”
On the rear wheel drive, you need to turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding, reduce the gas. And all-wheel drive is a separate song. There is the least time to correct an error - literally one hundredth of a second, and then you have to act ahead of schedule. An all-wheel drive car is a very strict car - it does not forgive mistakes. You need to deal with a skid differently than on a front- or rear-wheel drive, turning the steering wheel all the way in either direction. If we do this, the car will completely lose control. In all-wheel drive, we only have 360 degrees to turn the steering wheel. The same thing with the gas pedal: it must not be released, it must not be pressed harder - at least minimal traction must go to all four wheels. And then the most difficult thing is to wait for the car to cope with the requirements placed on it. Here, too, everything is in general terms. Each car needs to be examined and checked somewhere at the training ground. This is the only way to find out what your vehicle is capable of.
We know more than 60 models of four-wheel drive vehicles, and each of them has its own character! Unfortunately, general recommendations are not enough here. There is no magic secret that you learn and always get out of a skid, unfortunately. Even "steering in the direction of skidding" is not a panacea. It is best not to fall into these conditions, not to overestimate your own capabilities.
Many people do not understand: “turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding” - how is it? Where should the steering wheel be turned? For example, we enter a left turn and the car begins to skid, that is, the rear axle shifts to the right, what should we do? Turn the steering wheel in the direction where the rear axle of the car goes, or in the direction where the turn goes?
Now I will try to explain to you. Indeed, people do not understand why the steering wheel needs to be turned in the direction of skidding. We, in fact, do not turn the steering wheel, we try to maintain controllability on the front wheels. If nothing is done, then the front wheel will begin to “slip” around the vertical axis. Let me explain in more detail: if the wheels are directed straight or in the direction of the initial movement, no matter which direction the skid is performed, then rotation will occur, that is, loss of front axle traction and, as a result, loss of controllability. Therefore, our goal is to maintain this controllability, for this we need to maintain a given direction of the wheels. I think it’s also clear at what speed to turn the steering wheel - if the skid is fast, then the steering adjustments should be fast, if the skid is smooth, the adjustments should also be smooth, and then, depending on the type of drive, add gas or reduce.
If drift occurs, that is, you turn the steering wheel, but the car does not turn, give up the brake! You need to return the wheels back and try to “roll” into the turn more slowly, more smoothly. There is such an exercise called “rolling in”. If we turn sharply, the car will “slip”, if we turn slowly, no matter how slippery it is, the car will maneuver. There is such ice on the road that you can’t even stand on your feet, but the car has four rubber wheels, and if you don’t interfere with it with a brake, it will not lose control. Of course, he will not be able to stop, but he will be able to maneuver, go around some kind of obstacle, a traffic jam will work out. It doesn’t matter how many wheels you have blown off, the front ones or all four, the following principle is important here, unless, of course, someone succeeds in it without training - do not combine steering with braking. On a slippery road, especially on slippery slopes, these things are incompatible. It is necessary to correct the direction of movement for the phase of dissolution of the brake. Let's say you slowed down, felt that slipping began on the front or rear wheels, released the brake, corrected the car, leveled it off, then you can slow down. We again felt the slip, released the brake again, corrected ourselves, but in no case should braking be combined with steering, the brake and the steering wheel are incompatible things!
“If you do not interfere with the car with a brake, then it will not lose control”
I don’t know if it’s worth talking about braking, indeed, there are many braking techniques, but they need to be worked out. There are over 200 ways! And the master chooses exactly the technique that will ensure his safety and the safety of his car in these specific conditions. A person who does not have such an arsenal of actions has a panacea of some kind for him, this is the ABS system - an anti-lock braking system. This is actually also a “double-edged sword”, it has its pros and cons, but you can’t refuse it. It helps to maintain some stability and control of the car during emergency braking. But! With our terrain, you need to keep in mind that ABS does not work at speeds below 10 km / h, and when descending from the hill at a speed below the speed allowed for the system to work, the car can break into a slip, and you can also lose stability and control of the car. Therefore, it is better to use that “impulse” technique: braking, adjusting, braking. And so the more often, the better.
Also, if the Ministry of Emergency Situations transmits a warning about a snowstorm, it is worth thinking ten times: should I drive my own car today? If the situation is such that there is nowhere to go, you have to go, be prepared that you can get up somewhere in the middle of the road, be immobilized and you can leave your car and go further on foot to the house or just somewhere warm. If you are not ready to leave your vehicle, then it is important to make sure that you have an elementary chocolate bar, a thermos, a blanket in your car. After all, is your car fueled enough to keep your engine running overnight to keep you warm. This should not be forgotten, because there were similar tragedies.
What are the contra-emergency measures to safely go down the hill in the event that you did not manage to overcome the climb on the move?
Here it is worth noting that it does not matter how you are dragged down, in reverse or forward. The principle here is the same - do not block the wheels, let them rotate. If the wheels are spinning, you can change direction, and if you still press the brakes out of fear, the car will begin to slide, rotate and simply become uncontrollable. Therefore, do not interfere with the car brake.
"Brake and steering wheel are incompatible things!"
About the lift. If you understand that you have time to accelerate, that you have enough acceleration dynamics obtained before the ascent, so that at least with even gas, and even better to cover the gas, to overcome the hill, then you can try to drive into it.
If you understand that you will not have enough acceleration, that you will have to press the gas on an icy slope, then it is better not to climb there. I'll explain why. Because no matter what drive you have, the car will slip in any case. The slightest slip causes the ice to melt, and a water layer forms under the wheel. It's like putting oil under the wheels. And the more you press the gas, the more water will be under them, there is no sense in this. Either you had enough momentum gained during acceleration to overcome the hill, and to cover the gas to reach the top, calculating your strength, or it’s better not to climb there.
When driving on a winter road, it is better to use manual control. Now in many cars with automatic transmissions there is a manual control function of the “tiptronic” type, the names of such systems are different for each manufacturer. We recommend using this technique on such snowy “porridges”, dangerous roads, so that you have in your arsenal not only the brake pedal, but also engine braking. Move in a lower gear, at higher speeds, for example, three thousand on the tachometer. At the same time, your gas pedal will be very sensitive, you will only “breathe” on it, and the car will go forward, release the gas pedal at least a millimeter, and your car will start to brake very confidently, although you do not put pressure on the brakes, this is called engine braking . In this case, the wheels are not blocked, but the speed is reduced.
If your car does not have this feature, simply select a low gear, such as a 2, in advance and drive in it. Do not be afraid that the engine is running at high speeds, it is designed to work in such conditions. Yes, this will increase fuel consumption, but now we are talking about safety. If the resulting braking is not enough and you need to slow down even more, then shift the gear down. In this case, the shift must be consistent, you can not jump over the gear, for example, from the fourth (“D”) immediately to the second (“2”), in this case we risk getting a slip. Engine braking is not an emergency braking, but a smooth one, so you should change gears sequentially and maintain a distance if you decide to use this method of deceleration. You can combine engine braking with the "impulse" braking we talked about earlier.
On cars with a manual gearbox, it would be nice to remember the old, old-fashioned way, without which it was impossible to switch at all before - this is regassing. This technique will equalize the shafts, and the engagement of the clutch will not be so sharp and hard. Engine braking when shifting with peregazovka will be smoother.
Oh, the huge, waiting for me ice field, lightly covered with snow, at first it seems like a far too far-fetched test. When you get into such conditions in real life... Overboard +1, Novorizhskoye highway is covered with an aqueous solution of reagents, but even an ordinary front-wheel drive hatch feels more than confident on this liquid.
A kilometer and a half to the side, an exit to a country road to the training ground - and the situation changes radically. Ice at borderline near-zero temperatures is especially slippery, with a water film, and even studding is not always effective on such a mixed combination ... “It would be easier on a full drive ...”, I thought, once again catching the car on a simple arc ...
The 380-horsepower top-end Jaguar F-Pace, of course, has a lot of "electronic assistants": both ABS and ESP, it can brake urgently and dynamically redistribute torque ... And it also, of course, has all-wheel drive with a multi-plate clutch and priority rear axle. Is it even necessary to learn how to drive in winter, having such an arsenal? Need to!
“The driver of any car faces two dangers. The first is the loss of stability, that is, the demolition of the front axle. The second is the loss of control, that is, the back skid. With an all-wheel drive transmission scheme, these phenomena occur less often due to the redistribution of torque to each of the axles, and in the case of the F-Pace, also to each of the wheels.
The main advantage of all-wheel drive is a stable start from a standstill and the ability to maintain good controllability at fairly high speeds while driving.
If we talk about choosing the safest type of all-wheel drive, then ten years ago I would definitely recommend the “permanent” Full time scheme, in which torque is immediately present on both axles. The current electronically controlled clutches are so fast that at the slightest slip of the drive axle almost instantly, in 3.5 ms, the rear or front is connected. But you simply won’t feel it, so there is almost no point in permanent all-wheel drive.
Moreover, most of the time the second axle is simply not needed - it only gives increased fuel consumption and that's it. And if we are talking about safety and handling, then a car with a constant, not changing torque on two axles is not very willing to move in an arc. It happens that on turning wheels it just interferes - this happens on cars with a Torsen differential. Therefore, for normal driving conditions, the most justified systems are based on the Haldex clutch with the priority of the front axle or the Magna clutch with the main rear.
But you should always remember that the stopping distance of a car, which is very important, does not depend on the type of drive at all. So choosing a car is only a small part of the success.”
Semyon Vodilnikov, Senior Instructor, Jaguar Land Rover School
Let's move from theory to practice at the Jaguar Land Rover training ground near Moscow. The first task on the ice field seems to be simple - a "snake" between the cones with a gradual increase in the amplitude of movement and speed. Sooner or later, this should lead to a loss of both stability and controllability. Why, what and how to do next, I will learn in the course of this fascinating and interesting play.
The F-Pace media display shows me in real time how the moment is distributed across the wheels, but I have no time to look at the pictures.
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As long as I do not exceed the specified limit of 30 km / h and drive carefully, the crossover perfectly bypasses the cones on almost bare ice even on non-studded tires without connecting the ESP, which I can judge by the absence of a characteristic crunch and flashing icons.
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Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“Let's be extremely honest. For each type of surface, for each type of tire, for each vehicle design, there is a maximum permissible speed at which one or another maneuver can be performed without losing stability or controllability. Naturally, with proper operation of the steering wheel, gas ... With errors in “piloting”, this speed will be less.”
So, any, even the most advanced stabilization system gives a 20 percent increase in the maximum speed of safe maneuvering. No more. That is, if on a car without ESP you pass this site without losing directional stability by 30 km/h, then with electronic stabilization the speed will be 36 km/h. Let's try!
With an increase in the speed and amplitude of the detour of the cones, the stern begins to throw to the side, and the car loses controllability. The ESP light flashes, the Jug becomes sluggish, but the side slip does not disappear from this. Excuse me, but where does all the electronics look?
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Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“Nobody has repealed the laws of physics. If the momentum imparted to the car with the help of the accelerator is excessive, then the car will follow the vector in which the moment was initially applied.
The direction can be corrected with the help of the steering wheel, gas and all sorts of additional technical solutions, whether it is redistribution of torque along the axles or wheels or selective braking of one or more wheels.
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But all this works within certain speed limits.
A typical mistake is too high a corner entry speed. If it is done in winter, most likely the front axle will be pulled outward, which is very difficult to correct. Of course, there are professional or sports driving techniques that allow you to drive at very high speeds, but this is a special article that takes years to learn.
Any electronic stabilization system is, first of all, an analyzer of the correctness of our actions while driving, and only secondarily an effective assistant. If the driver is not able to determine the moment the axles slipped, the automatics that worked are the first indicator that the speed needs to be reduced.
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Do not hit the brakes right now, but understand: the road conditions are such that you need to be more careful when entering the next turn or changing lanes, even on a perfectly straight track. And, of course, do not try to slow down during maneuvers or on an arc. In this case, only correct management will help. But this, again, is a topic for multiple theoretical and practical studies. If there is no experience, then it's easier to just go slower. Even at full speed."
Another exercise is acceleration with “gas to the floor” and emergency braking. On ice, even the all-wheel drive transmission struggles to handle the F-Pace's 460Nm of torque, and the steering has to be pushed ahead to maintain straight-line stability. The stabilization system, which includes traction control, is still off. The instructor's command, the brake to the floor, the chirping of ABS - and the car stops without deviating from the course.
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Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“Electronics absolutely cope with their functions, determining how to spread the force on the brake machines along the axes. But the most effective braking will not be with the pedal to the floor, but on the verge of ABS activation. This method is achieved only through training and absolute knowledge of the habits of the car you use.
With the included electronics, everything happens much calmer. It "strangles" the motor, corrects the deliberate rudeness of control and errors, not allowing the heavy-duty Jaguar to go off course. Just in this case, the all-wheel drive fully fulfills its existence.
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Semyon Vodilnikov, Jaguar Land Rover School Senior Instructor:
“In winter, the car can slide out and at low speeds. Inexperienced 4WD drivers often make the mistake of thinking that on such a car you can add gas already at the entrance to the turn. As a result, we get the slip of both axes. There is only one way out of the situation: stabilize the front axle by straightening the steering wheel and trying to catch on to the coating, then compensate for the rear skid by adding a weak, “pulling” gas. And again, you need experience and practical training on your own car.
But it also happens that at a minimum speed the car does not go where it is needed. It seems that you have turned the steering wheel all the way to the left, but it does not obey and goes straight or even to the right. In this case, turning the steering wheel in the direction of axle drift will help to get to the desired course, in this case to the right. This simple movement is hindered by stereotypes, which can only be eliminated through training.
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Even the most experienced driver, I would recommend taking a driver improvement or emergency training course once a year. If this is not possible, find a free platform where you can work out certain previously mastered techniques and bring them to automatism. In this case, the risk of getting into an unpleasant situation, especially in winter, will decrease many times over.”
And finally, a few points purely about 4x4 cars:
- An all-wheel drive car stabilizes only “under gas”.
- Having stabilized, it continues acceleration, which is not always safe in the current traffic situation.
- An attempt to brake hard under such conditions most often results in the return of the original instability or uncontrollability, even if the trajectory is straight.
What is the result?
If you are an inexperienced driver who does not have the desire and ability to regularly train and "train your hand", then the easiest thing is to drive quite slowly, even if you have a tall car with four-wheel drive, which inspires confidence.
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Have you lost control in full drive?
In winter, driving a car is much more difficult than at any other time. Problems can overtake you even before the start of the movement, but this, as practice shows, is only flowers. One of the most dangerous moments in driving a car in winter is skidding. That's what they're talking about today. car instructors .
"Skid Feeling"
Loss of control of the car in the process of skidding can threaten the driver and his passengers with dire consequences. And putting yourself in such a difficult position is as easy as shelling pears - any abrupt or thoughtless decision and please, you are already being carried away. The most frequent occurrence of such situations on road sections with turns or steep descents, as well as on roads with long gentle slopes.
Strictly speaking, skidding is nothing more than a violation of the movement of the vehicle, accompanied by side sliding. The wheels of the rear axle are most often skidding.
For the driver, regardless of his experience, the most important thing is to understand, to feel the moment when the skid begins.
Conventionally, this skill can be called the "feeling of skidding." It develops over time, with the development of driving experience. Novice drivers, due to the lack of or insufficiently heightened sense of skidding, should be especially careful on a snowy road.
In order to feel and track the beginning skid in time, the driver must be correctly positioned in the driver's seat. You can most sensitively track the behavior of the car with your back, in direct contact with the back of the driver's seat. The safety of the driver, and his passengers, how well the driver will feel his car, depends precisely on the correct fit. If the back is not adjacent to the back of the seat, it will be problematic for you to feel the beginning skid.
Correct fit
Good driving instructors often draw the attention of their wards to the correct fit. It is very important for comfortable driving. And the point here is not even convenience, the point here is how sensitively you will be able to track the behavior of your car on the road and respond in time to its changes. When driving, do not go to extremes.
Sitting clutching the steering wheel is not worth it, since such excessive tension will lead to rapid fatigue and distraction of attention, but you should not fall apart in a reclining position, impressively turning the steering wheel with one finger.
A complete lack of concentration on the road situation is unacceptable. Visibility is of great importance when driving, and, in addition to it, also the ability to reach any buttons and control levers at any time. Skidding is usually the result of human error. The grosser the error, the greater the skid angle you will get as a result. Of course, for a driver who has a wealth of driving experience in his luggage, it will be easier to cope with a skid. However, there is a way out for beginners. You can go to an additional class to improve your skills. Such a training under the guidance of an experienced instructor will significantly increase your confidence on the winter road and protect you from unpleasant incidents.
Skid on rear wheel drive
As a rule, driving a rear-wheel drive car is a little more difficult. As a result, in order to successfully get out of a skid on such a car, you will also have to follow several recommendations. Avoid a common mistake common to most beginners: brake as soon as a skid has started. It is unacceptable.
You can't even apply the brakes while skidding.
The algorithm of actions is as follows: depress the gas pedal, and then sharply turn the steering wheel clearly in the direction of skidding. When you depress the pedal, you will create some braking effect on the rear wheels of your car, this will help to level the course.
Skid on front wheel drive
To get a front-wheel drive car out of a skid, a beginner may well be limited to the same actions as in the previous case, only instead of engine braking, you need to slightly increase the speed. As for an experienced driver, with a solid driving experience, he will most likely be able to get the car out of a skid exceeding ninety degrees without loss.
At the moment when you feel the beginning of a skid, at the same time as turning the steering wheel, gently press the gas pedal and hold it.
Moreover, it should be held until the drift angle decreases. After that, the gas pedal should be released, and the steering wheel should be maintained in a straight position.
Skid on full drive
As for all-wheel drive vehicles, the situation here largely depends on which of the axles the maximum torque load is directed to. As in the cases discussed above, in order to correctly get out of the skid that has begun, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel in the same direction in which the skid occurs. Do not forget also about the correct landing in the driver's seat, which will contribute to the earliest determination that your car is in a skid.
Remember that the faster you take action to eliminate the skid, the easier it will be to eliminate an unpleasant situation, and the smaller the skid angle will be.
The likelihood of skidding increases significantly with sharp acceleration, as well as braking. This is especially noticeable and dangerous in winter on a slippery road. Often drivers, especially beginners, get lost and panic. This causes incorrect actions, and as a result - accidents and all kinds of accidents. Hence the conclusion: if you get into a skid, do not panic. And never touch the gas pedal.
In order to feel confident on the road in winter and know that you can handle any, even the most difficult situation on a slippery road, you should gain experience, experience and more experience. It is most reasonable to do this under the guidance of a sensitive, experienced instructor.
Video about magic tricks on ice:
Be careful and good luck on the road!
The article uses images from the site www.ria.ru and www.vetton.ru
Hello All!I'll tell you right now, I'm sorry.
Experience like 10 years already, I always had
front-wheel drive cars, and that's enough,
that the city is not cleaned, and in the winter in the city,
just do not pass, I decided to buy a jeep or SUV,
the choice fell on the 1997 Toyota RAV4. with 4WD.
Well, I traveled on it in the summer, very happy with it
that you can climb almost everywhere on it, and for
families and cottages just right. Cool car.And then winter came...
Well, I prepared for the winter (fluid, battery, and suspension)
the car itself, the tires also changed to winter,
though not studded on Michelin Alpine 4x4 (215/70/R16).
In our city, the first snow and ice, as always,
like a natural disaster utilities, snow does not
waited and did not know, in the evening the night was heavy rain,
then it began to snow, in the morning there were already 10-15 cm of snow,
and at the same time, already frozen, and there was ice below.
I needed to go to the dacha in the morning with my mother-in-law, well, I tore the car off
from the snow, started, drove off, well, the roads, as always, have not been removed,
on bends, ice blocks, and on the road an ice slide
with comb. We are not we, we are in a jeep, I am glad that the car,
so good, he rides through the snowdrifts, and goes through the snowy porridge,
Well, class car, supper. We left the city, well, as always,
out of habit with front-wheel drive, I fly 70 km / h, and I don’t see
that on the road outside the city the wind is strong and icy and crusty.
Well, okay, I’m flying, and at some point during the detour, I don’t remember what,
the car starts to turn (or drifting), I'm out of habit
with front-wheel drive, I press the gas pedal, I think, somehow get out
from this drifting, and nothing works, ahead of me,
on the left lane, cars and a regular groove, well, I think, only
would not fit in, figs with him that I will cure for the road,
there are snowdrifts, I’ll slow down about them. Here in these thoughts,
I turn the steering wheel in different directions, I try to stabilize,
car movement, and get out of drifting, get away from cars,
then I see that I am being carried to the regular groove, drove,
he also sees that he carries me sideways to him, we leave,
from each other, thank God, they left, while I was carried to him,
it dawned on me that you need to slow down the engine, i.e. on the gas pedal
you can not press in this situation. It all happened
in some 1-2 sec. The mother-in-law sat next to me, didn't say anything,
I said to myself, well, fuck him, got adrenaline,
I'll go back carefully, I've had enough of this drifting
With first snow.
One upset that I did not notice the number of the flight groove,
to drive up to apologize to him, and as a token of gratitude
give a bottle.Now questions:
- What style of driving should be and is needed at a constant full
drive?
- And what to do to avoid the turntable machine
on a snowy icy road? I myself understand that not to fly,
and if he was driving carefully, and got that the car started spinning.
- Explain, I have never had a rear-wheel drive car,
driving style in the rear is almost the same as in a constant
full drive?
- What is the best way to get out of an unintentional skid in a 4WD car?
Just take your foot off the gas pedal and brake the engine?
- And yet, I realized that for all-wheel drive and to drive outside the city,
you need studded tires. Thorns, I think give less chance to
the car spun, and it would have been thrown out of the lane.P.S: I understand that I did the wrong thing, I want to,
so that this does not happen, here are the questions.Thank you...
----
With respect, Nicholai
Toyota RAV4 (left hand drive), 1997 onwards, 3S-FE, manual transmission
Instruction
Remember the situations in which skidding may occur. Firstly, this is a sharp turn, so do not try to enter it at speed. Also, a number of bumps on the road can serve as a reason for skidding. Ruts can also be dangerous, so try not to fall into them. Skidding can occur when driving downhill, on a descent.
First of all, learn to feel the skid. The turn of the car can be felt back. Many inexperienced drivers choose the wrong driving position, trying to move as close as possible to the windshield, and there is a long distance behind the seat. Experienced drivers, on the contrary, like to drive the car in a reclining position, sometimes even holding the steering wheel with one hand. Remember - all this is not safe, and the wrong position behind the wheel can lead to sad consequences. Therefore, adjust your driver's seat in such a way that you are comfortable, you are in a strictly sitting position and your back is snug against the seat.
As soon as you feel that the car turns sideways and begins to slide, that is, it begins to skid, in no case try to brake sharply. This can lead to spinning and drifting to the side of the road or the oncoming lane. On the contrary, smoothly, without sudden movements, press the gas pedal. Do not try to sink it into the floor, otherwise your skid will become rhythmic, that is, from side to side.
When skidding on the front-wheel drive, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel in the direction opposite to skidding, while supplying gas. As soon as you feel that the car is turning in the opposite direction, release the gas pedal and set the steering wheel straight. After these manipulations, you can stop to take a breath and calm down. When you start off again, press the gas slowly and remember the rules of behavior on a winter road.
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Sources:
- front wheel skid
In winter, due to weather conditions, the likelihood of an extreme situation on the roads increases many times over. What to do to prevent skidding on a winter road?
Instruction
The most insidious type of drive in terms of skidding is rear. Therefore, on bends, you should not sharply add "gas" and abruptly release it, it is better to dose the thrust smoothly.
If the car still skidded, then you need to slightly turn the steering wheel in the direction of skidding, and quickly return it back. If this is not done on time, then another skid is possible, already in the other direction, which will be more difficult to cope with. The third oscillation is already almost impossible to "catch".
Many modern cars are equipped with anti-lock brakes (ABS). In the absence of it, on slippery surfaces, you need to brake as smoothly as possible, avoiding blocking the wheels. If it does occur, then you should briefly release the brake pedal, and then press it again, thus simulating the operation of the ABS.
Do not sharply lower or raise the gear stage - unexpected skidding is possible.
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note
Often, the panic of the driver prevents competently resisting a skid. Hence the conclusion: in such a situation, it is very important to maintain composure and in no case let go of the steering wheel.
Sources:
- Portal "Driving School"
For the domestic auto industry, it was new to use front-wheel drive in the design of cars. But the success of the eights and nines amazed the designers. These cars surpassed the classics in every way. This applies to comfort, speed, and reliability.
Instruction
Front-wheel drive cars at one time gained popularity in our country. When the first eights and nines appeared on the roads, many appreciated them. Of course, they were better than pennies and sixes, but these improvements are not only associated with the use of front-wheel drive. It should be borne in mind that the car was completely new for those times. The ignition system, the gas distribution mechanism, the layout of the engine, the design of it and the gearbox, all this was completely new, it had not been used in the domestic automotive industry before. It is also worth paying attention to a more streamlined body shape, a spacious interior, and many other little things that improve driving comfort.
Front-wheel drive vehicles have both longitudinal and transverse engine layouts. The second is most typical for small cars, because in a relatively small engine compartment you can place the engine and all auxiliary equipment. Of course, the layout is such that there is very little space under the hood, and sometimes there is none at all.
The engine transmits torque to the clutch basket, in which the driven disc is located. The input shaft of the gearbox is installed on the driven disk. Particular attention should be paid to the design of the gearbox. If you compare it with a car gearbox, you can see that a gearbox and a drive axle with a differential are combined in one node. This is quite reasonable, but during the repair it causes some difficulties regarding the removal of the box, since it weighs a lot.
The differential is necessary in order for the drive wheels to rotate at different speeds. If you make a direct transmission of torque, when the wheels rotate in the same way, it is impossible to turn on such a car. For example, when turning right, the right wheel will rotate more slowly than the left, because the left wheel has a larger turning radius, its path will be longer.
The transmission of movement to the wheels is carried out with the help of CV joints, in the people they are called grenades. These are shafts at the ends of which are ball joints. One end is installed in the gearbox, and the second in the hub. And the most important thing in front-wheel drive cars is the suspension. As a rule, this is a MacPherson type suspension. It uses a shock absorber strut, which is attached to the body through a thrust bearing. It allows the rack to rotate when turning.
The rack has a steering knuckle to which the steering rod is attached. And from below, the suspension strut is mounted on the suspension arm with a ball joint. It is also worth paying attention to the steering. Unlike rear-wheel drive cars, it is used here, which has great reliability. A car with a steering rack is much easier to drive. And you can easily install both hydraulic and electric boosters.
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- Which drive is better?
A front-wheel drive car has features in handling that appear on a slippery surface. On a normal, dry surface, when there is no wheel slip, there are practically no differences in the behavior of a rear-wheel drive and front-wheel drive car.
When driving in a straight line, a front-wheel drive vehicle does not tend to skid, even when driving on very slippery roads. When entering a turn on such a surface, a front-wheel drive vehicle may skid.
Car skid
Skidding occurs because when the car slows down the engine, the rear wheels are unloaded and lose traction, while shifting to the side. But a front-wheel drive car can be pulled out of almost any skid by traction. Cornering skills must be firmly fixed in practice, as the driver instinctively begins to slow down when skidding.
In the event of a skid, the driver of a front-wheel drive car must, without slowing down, turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid. If the skid has not reached a large angle, then the car can be leveled by simply increasing the speed a little. It is not necessary to carry out corrective movement of the steering wheel.
Car demolition
To increase the speed to eliminate skidding when turning, you need to be careful, otherwise slipping of the drive wheels will occur. As a result, drift can occur, that is, a complete loss of traction of the front wheels, and the car will become uncontrollable.
Drift can also occur when entering a slippery turn at high speed. In this case, the car will drift to the outside of the turn.
How not to lose control of the car
To prevent critical situations with skidding and demolition of a front-wheel drive car, the driver must know