After the production of R-12 refrigerant ceased (the components of R12 refrigerant caused irreparable damage to the ozone layer), R134a refrigerant appeared in its place.
After the production of R-12 refrigerant ceased (the components of R12 refrigerant caused irreparable damage to the ozone layer), R134a refrigerant appeared in its place. Due to the change from one refrigerant to another and the lack of consensus on which lubricants most suitable for use, two types of oils have been developed: PAG And POE .
Oil differences PAG And POE :
Compound
- PAG (POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL) refrigeration oil is made from polyalkylene glycol designed to work with R134a refrigerant
- POE refrigeration oil (SYNTHETYC POLYOL ESTER) is made from synthetic esters designed to work with refrigerants: R134a, R404A, R507, R407C, R410A
- If the car air conditioner was originally created to use R134a refrigerant, PAG polyalkylene glycol oils are used
- If the system has been converted from using R12 to R134a refrigerant, polyolester POE compressor oil is used
Naming the composition and use of oils PAG And POE the following conclusion can be drawn:
- Both refrigeration oils equally used in car air conditioners, however, due to the transition from one refrigerant to another, oils were divided into two types, differing from each other in composition;
- The use of oils depends on the design of the air conditioner;
- POE refrigeration oil is more versatile because... is intended for use with various refrigerants, while PAG is only for use with R134a
The manufacturer of PAG and POE oils closely monitors the quality of its products. Oils undergo multi-stage control and only after that they reach the shelves. Our company cooperates with the most branded and trusted manufacturers.
Currently, polyvinyl ether (PVE) oils for refrigeration compressors have become very popular, the main supplier of which is Idemitsu (Japan). This popularity is primarily due to supposedly lack of hydrolysis at high temperatures.
Comparison of POE vs PVE oils
(original research in the documentation of CPI Engineering services (Lubrisol)USA)
- Chemical formula
Figure 1 shows molecular structure POE and PVE oils. PVE oil is a mixture of polymers different types and containing components with different molecular weights. POE are special molecules with modified properties determined by selecting the starting materials that react.
POE oil is produced by the reaction of multifunctional alcohols and monocarboxylic acids. By varying the composition of alcohols and acids, we can achieve various properties such as viscosity, miscibility with refrigerants and hydrolytic stability.PVE oil is produced by polymerizing vinyl esters. By varying the chain length and replacing functional groups, oil properties such as viscosity and interaction with refrigerants are achieved.
Using gas chromatography, a comparison graph of two oils was plotted:
Gas-liquid chromatography - gas separation mixtures due to different solubilities of sample components in liquid or different stability of the resulting complexes. The stationary phase is a liquid deposited on an inert carrier, the mobile phase is a gas. (Wikipedia).
Compared to PVE oil, POE oil has greater stability because the release of components occurs in a narrower area of the graph.
Table 1 provides a comparison of the main physical properties of POE and PVE oils:
PVE oils have more low coefficient viscosity compared to POE. Lubricants with more high index viscosities have a smaller change in viscosity over a certain temperature range (POE). Also, the flash point of PVE oils is significantly lower than that of POE.
- Volatility
Another volatility test (TGA) is Termal Gravimetric Analysis. This test shows the percentage of weight loss over a period of time ISO VG32 PVE and POE. The samples were heated using a temperature ramp of 10 C per minute. After 20 minutes, the PVE product shows 10% weight loss compared to 0% for POE.
- Moisture absorption
- Hydrolytic stability- ability hydraulic fluid do not form acids in the presence of water.
*TAN (total acid numbers) - acid content
- Hidden PVE Formula
The data given in the table indicate the almost complete removal of phosphorus additives from the oil. Without a filter drier, the content of phosphorus additives was reduced by 50% compared to the original component.
- Lubrication characteristics
The load-to-break test indicates significant superiority of POE oil when compared to PVE of the same viscosity. The wear test showed almost the same values for both types of oils.
· Conclusion
- POE has a higher viscosity index compared to PVE
- POE less susceptible to evaporation
- POE less soluble in water
- POE less hygroscopic
- Workers compressor temperaturedoes not cause hydrolysis of oils P.O.E. ( Hydrolysis(from Old Greek ὕδωρ - water +λύσις - decomposition) - one of the types of chemical reactionsPOE has excellent lubricity
- There is a fairly wide range of oils on the market POE to meet any operating conditions
- POE has a 20-year history of use with refrigerants HFC
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A wide range of high-quality refrigeration compressor oils from the world's leading manufacturers from Europe, the USA, China, Russia and other countries in various packaging. You can buy refrigeration oils either from a warehouse in Moscow or with delivery to any point in Russia.
Oils for refrigeration compressors
Oils used in refrigeration and air conditioning units, together with the refrigerant, form an integral part of the system and ensure long-term operation of the compressor. Refrigeration oils serve to lubricate the rubbing parts of the compressor in order to reduce the friction force and reduce wear of the mating parts. In addition, lubricant helps remove part of the heat equivalent to the work of friction forces, remove small particles - wear products of mating pairs, and increase tightness. A necessary condition for the normal operation of the refrigeration system is the compatibility of oil and freon, i.e. their miscibility (mutual solubility). The use of refrigerants of several classes (CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs) involves the use of various types of refrigeration oils in refrigeration equipment.
Application of freon oils
Currently, mineral and synthetic oils are used in refrigeration machines.
Petroleum origin, depending on the fractional composition, they are divided into naphthenic, paraffin and naphthenoparaffin. Naphthenic and paraffinic oils are miscible (completely soluble) with R-12 and R-22 refrigerants over a range of refrigeration operating conditions, facilitating oil return to the compressor.
Many modern multi-component refrigerants do not mix or do not mix well with mineral oils. In these cases, and are used, which provide a high degree of solubility in refrigerants.
Compared to mineral oils, the lubricating qualities of synthetic oils are better, the thermal stability and durability of properties when mixed with refrigerants (Freons, Freons) are higher, the pour point is lower and the aggressiveness towards structural materials is less. The main disadvantages of synthetic oils compared to mineral oils are their relatively high cost, significant hygroscopicity and selective aggressiveness towards certain types of materials.
The most widely used types of synthetic oils
Alkylbenzene oils(A) have been used in the refrigeration industry for more than 25 years due to their good miscibility with HCFC and HFC refrigerants and thermal stability. In some cases, they are also used with CFC refrigerants. Mixtures of alkylbenzene and mineral oil (A/M) are classified as semi-synthetic oils.
Polyalkylene glycol oils(PAG, PAG) are widely used in automobile air conditioners with R-134a / R-134a UV freon and other mobile installations.
Compatibility of refrigerants with various types of oils
| Refrigerant type | Types of oils | ||||||
| M | A | M+A | PAO | POE | PVE | PAG | |
| CFC,HCFC | *, ** | ||||||
| HCFC mixtures | *, ** | ||||||
| HFC+blends | * | *** | * | ||||
| Natural refrigerants | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | |
The correct choice of oil contributes to long-term and reliable operation of the compressor. Since the oil is in constant contact with the refrigerant, special requirements are imposed on it depending on operating conditions, the type of freon, its boiling and condensation temperatures, etc.
The oil must be able to circulate freely throughout the system: it must remain liquid at low temperatures so as not to collect in the evaporator. At the same time, the oil must be viscous enough to lubricate and perform a sealing function at the relatively high temperatures in the compressor. A necessary quality is stability, since the oil is in a system where there is constant contact with components made of various materials and with the refrigerant.
In practice, there are no universal refrigeration oils. Preference should be given to the refrigeration oil that, for the given conditions of use, satisfies the most important performance requirements. As a rule, compressor manufacturers recommend the optimal grades of oil for use in order to achieve maximum efficiency and viability of the refrigeration system.
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We supply refrigeration compressor oils throughout Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa, Volgograd, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, Voronezh, Tver, Kirov, Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Murmansk, Saratov, Krasnodar, Tolyatti, Irkutsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Barnaul, Nizhnevartovsk, Tomsk, Kaliningrad and any other city of the Russian Federation and the Customs Union.
Mineral refrigeration oils
The widespread use of refrigerants (Freons, Freons) R-12 and R-22 causes a great need for relatively inexpensive mineral oils. These are high quality, highly refined naphthenic base oils with no additives. Special selection of base oils and advanced refining technologies provide a range of mineral oils that are ideal for the effective lubrication of refrigeration compressors.
Semi-synthetic refrigeration oils
Semi-synthetic oils are a carefully selected mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons and mineral oils without additives. They are designed specifically for refrigeration compressors where conventional mineral oils cannot be used successfully. Especially recommended for use in systems operating on R-13, R-22, R-502 refrigerants at low evaporation temperatures, and in which the use of an oil separator is not possible. Widely used in almost all types of domestic and industrial refrigeration systems with halogen-containing refrigerants (Freons) and ammonia.
Synthetic refrigeration oils
The emergence of ozone-friendly HFC refrigerants (Freons, Freons) (R23, R134a, R404a, R407c, R410a, R507) led to the development of new synthetic oils compatible with these refrigerants (Freons, ).
Synthetic oils are produced mainly on the basis of synthetic polyesters and simultaneously combine the properties of a good oil, a low degree of hygroscopicity (the ability to absorb water), good thermal stability, as well as good electrical insulating properties, anti-corrosion properties towards non-ferrous metals, compatibility with polymers , varnishes and paints, high resistance to hydrolysis. The absence of the formation of insoluble sediment ensures that the internal surfaces are kept clean, which ensures a long service life of the refrigeration equipment.
Oils with ISO viscosities 22, 32, 46 and 68 are used for piston compressors. Low viscosity oils have good miscibility with the Refrigerant (Freon, Freon) and provide good oil return to the compressor, especially in systems with dry evaporators. Oil does not reduce the efficiency of the evaporator.
Oils with viscosity ISO 46, 68, 100, 150, 220 are used for rotary (centrifugal or screw) compressors. High viscosity oils have low solubility in the refrigerant, which reduces oil carryover and improves compressor lubrication. Oils with a viscosity of ISO 68 are also used for ultra-low temperatures, for example, when retrofitting with R-23 at -50 o C and below.
Nowadays we have to pay attention to every little detail. For example, such as oil for car air conditioning. However, speaking seriously, in fact the choice of oil is not a trifle at all. For example, oil for car air conditioners running on R-134a freon cannot be mineral. The air conditioner simply won't work.
Mixing synthetic and mineral oil for car air conditioning creates flakes that can clog the system.
In car air conditioners manufactured before 1992 and running on R-12 freon, Suniso 5G mineral oil is used.
Synthetic oil PAG 46, PAG 100, PAG 150 is added to the air conditioning system of cars manufactured after 1992 and running on R134a freon.
The air conditioning systems of hybrid vehicles running on R134a freon use synthetic POE refrigeration oil (Suniso SL 46, etc.).
Automotive refrigerators running on R404a freon use synthetic POE refrigeration oil (Planetelf ACD 32, Suniso SL 32, Bitzer BSE 32, etc.).
PAG car air conditioning oils were developed based on oils used in aviation. After all, airplanes and cars use aluminum pipelines and rubber fitting seals. While classic refrigeration systems have copper piping and solder-based connections.
Polyalkyl glycol PAG oils are widely used in mobile installations such as automobile air conditioners with R134a freon. They are not at all used in other refrigeration applications where POE polyester oils are preferred.
PAG oils have three main types of kinematic viscosity: PAG 46 - 46mm2/s at 40 C; PAG 100 - 100mm2/s at 40 C and PAG 150 - 100mm2/s at 40 C.
PAG oils are very hygroscopic and quickly become saturated with moisture in the open air, so they are produced in containers of 250-300 g, which approximately corresponds to one full refill of a car air conditioner. Sometimes the manufacturer adds UV dye to the oil.
You can buy Pag refrigeration oils in our online store website
Each car has a sticker in the engine compartment that indicates the filling information: type and amount of R134a refrigerant (300-1200 grams), type and amount of PAG oil (150-300 grams). If such a sticker is missing, you can refer to the database on refilling car air conditioners, this can be a database on car air conditioners with data on refilling or a laminated booklet in A4 format filling volumes of air conditioners with data on refilling R134a refrigerant and PAG oil for all well-known car brands, including 2015 and 2016, or the book Automotive air conditioners - a guide.
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Cars of European brands, as a rule, use PAG-46 and PAG-100 oils, cars of Korean and Japanese manufacturers use PAG-100 and PAG-46, American cars use PAG-150, PAG-100 and PAG-46 oils.
Oil for car air conditioners PAG-46 with a viscosity of 46mm2/s at 40 C is the most common.
PAG oil in a car air conditioning system is approximately distributed as follows:
Car air conditioning compressor -100 g
Car air conditioner evaporator - 26 g
Receiver - filter drier for car air conditioning - 15 g
Car air conditioner condenser - 28 g
Pipelines and hoses for car air conditioning - 14 g
TOTAL, in this case: 183 gr.
From the table above, we can conclude that, for example, when replacing an A/C condenser, the remaining oil in it will be lost from the system, which is almost 28 grams; in addition, some part of the oil will be lost during the operation of refilling the system with freon 134a.
Therefore, when refilling a car air conditioner, you need to add 30-50 g to the system. PAG compressor oil.
Some mechanics recommend adding oil of a higher viscosity to the car air conditioning system than specified by the car manufacturer, citing the fact that over time and under the influence of high temperatures, the viscosity of the oil in the car air conditioning system decreases and needs to be increased. Perhaps this is why PAG-100 oil is the top seller.
The types of oils most used in car air conditioners are:
Suniso 5G mineral oil for R-12 refrigerant.
Synthetic:
Polyester oil POE - Planetelf ACD 68, 46, 32; Suniso SL 100, 68, 46, 32; Bitzer BSE 32, 55 for R-134a and R-404a refrigerants;
Polyalkyl glycol oil PAG - Suniso PB-100; Planetelf PAG 488, PAG 244 and others for R-134a refrigerant.
Kinematic viscosity table for Total Planetelf PAG synthetic oil:
Planetelf PAG 488 - 130 mm2/s at 40 C
Planetelf PAG 244 - 53 mm2/s at 40 C.
It should be added that it is strictly forbidden to mix POE and PAG oil in the air conditioning systems of hybrid cars; such mixing will lead to rapid failure of the car air conditioning compressor due to the design features of the system.
While adding POE oil to PAG oil has virtually no effect on the operation of a car air conditioner with a conventional engine.
