Gas 53 sewer pumping. Vacuum pump for sewage pumping. Scope of application of pumps

The timely removal of industrial and domestic wastewater is one of the mandatory conditions for the functioning of industries and public institutions, collective and private farms. The normal operation of communications is ensured by various models of special equipment, one of the most popular is the GAZ 53 vacuum cleaner for pumping and removing liquid waste.

What is a machine

On construction sites, in public utilities, in commercial structures and private buildings, there is a need to remove wastewater from collection points or eliminate structural flooding. At the production base of the Gorky Automobile Plant for these purposes, since 1964, a GAZ 53 special vehicle has been produced, on which a waste collection tank is installed.

The car has good stability and controllability, it is reliable, as evidenced by the low probability of component failure. The machine is characterized by easy operation, sufficient tank volume, optimum fuel consumption and good maintainability with low cost of spare parts.

Attached equipment is installed on the base of a serial truck for the implementation of the workflow. The most important part for work, which is equipped with a special machine, is a sealed technological tank made of thick steel with a hatch for supplying liquid.

Equipment of special equipment

The equipment of the GAZ 53 vacuum truck consists of:

vacuum pump for creating excess pressure (grade KO-503);
alarm and safety device to stop the pump when the tank is full;
structural hose, which fills the tank;
management mechanisms;
electronics.

For the installation of pumps and purge equipment, which is equipped with a GAZ 53 sewage truck, a place was chosen between the cab and the tank, as well as the lower part of the truck. The cistern is usually painted red or orange.

The vehicle is controlled from the cab, where all control sensors are located. The machine can be operated at temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees. The speed of movement of the loaded GAZ 53 vacuum truck reaches 80 km / h. The tank is unloaded in about 2-4 minutes.

Comparison of models of sewers of the Gorky plant

On the basis of GAZ 3309 and 3307, a whole line of equipment for pumping fluid is produced. For the production of model 39014 - 11, the Gorky machine 33086 is used. A volumetric tank is installed on all types of trucks. Modifications differ from each other in the configuration and the way they work.

Technical characteristics of the GAZ 53 vacuum truck:

Modifications	KO-503V	KO-503V-2	KO-522A (B)	GAZ-SAZ-39014 - 10 (11)
Dimensions	7/2,2/2,6	7/2,2/2,6	7/2,5/2,5	7/2,3/2,6
Fuel type	Petrol	Diesel	Gasoline (diesel)	Diesel
Tanker, m 3	3,75	3,75	4	3,9
Engine power, kW	88	86	86,2	92,2
Pump performance, cub. m/h	240	240	240	240
The time for which the tank is filled, min	6	6	6	6
Cleaning depth, m	4,5	4	4,5	4
Machine weight (when the tank is full), t	7,85	8,18	7,85	8,07 (8,18)

The last machine presented in the table has been produced since 2014 and refers to modern modifications. You can also purchase economical trucks with installed LPG equipment.

Machine service

The plumage of the cab GAZ-53

The GAZ 53 sewage truck does not need expensive maintenance. A minimum set of tools for repair work and basic knowledge is required. Spare parts are inexpensive, besides, it is possible to purchase not only new parts that are produced by factories for all modifications of the rolling stock, but also used ones.

There are not so many nodes in which problems may arise in the GAZ 53 sewer. The most common type of rolling stock failure is a broken vacuum pump or hose. For replacement, you can use more reliable foreign analogues. But you need to understand that their cost can exceed the price of domestic parts several times.

The machine based on the technology of the Gorky Automobile Plant is an inexpensive, reliable and easy-to-use device for cleaning sewers, reservoirs or boreholes and the subsequent removal of liquid waste for disposal.

A vacuum (or sewer) machine is used to collect and transport all kinds of liquid waste that is not explosive or combustible. The car is used in a temperate climate, the suitable temperature for operation is from -20 to +40ºC. There are types of machines that are equipped with areas for dry closets. The car is assembled on a chassis, in particular, the chassis of GAZ cars is used.

It looks like a classic sewer truck GAZ

Special equipment includes:

Barrel (cistern);
Vacuum pump;
Receiving hose;
Pipeline;
Special electrical equipment;
transmission drive;
Crane control;
Signal and safety device;
Reception hatch.

The principle of operation of a vacuum machine is simple - the vacuum pump is started up by a running car engine.

Scheme of the device of the vacuum pump for the GAZ sewage truck

Due to the pump, the necessary vacuum is created in the tank, and liquid is captured through the pipeline. The tank is filled until the maximum level is reached.

When the level is reached, an audible signal sounds and the pump stops automatically. An automatic stop is provided by a signal and safety device - there is a special level sensor in the barrel. Draining the contents of the barrel occurs by gravity.
The intake sleeve is connected to the system (reception hatch) using a union nut, at the other end of the hose there is a metal tip that is lowered into a pond or cesspool.

With the help of a sewage machine, sewage tanks are cleaned, sludge is removed from car washes, and household waste is taken away. Also, reservoirs are drained by machines, before working with boreholes, the holes are freed from the contents.
With the use of special equipment, an unpleasant odor and possible infections do not spread so much in the air.

Tanks of sewage trucks GAZ

Depending on the model, the volume may be different - basically, barrels come in volumes from 3 to 6 cubic meters. m. The purpose of the vacuum machine also depends on the volume:

Small-sized equipment works with private sewer septic tanks;
Dimensional machines pump out waste in building structures and wells.

There are also sludge pumps, they are used to clean sedimentation tanks and wells of industrial enterprises.

Scheme of pumping mud with a sludge machine

The vacuum barrel is made of thick steel, approximately 4 mm. The stiffening ribs inside the tank do not allow the tank to be deformed. First, the container is primed, then painted in various colors. Most often, the barrel is painted red or red.

Tanks are designed for a certain internal pressure and temperature. The weight of a tank of GAZ vacuum machines is on average 500-600 kg. Protection against overfilling in tanks is provided. It is important that the container is airtight.

Models of sewer trucks on the GAZ chassis

On the basis of GAZ vehicles, several models of sewage trucks have been created:

KO-503V-3;
KO-503V-2;
KO-503V;
KO-522A;
KO-522B;
GAZ-SAZ-39014-10;
GAZ-SAZ-3901-12.

Machine KO-503V-2

The base chassis of the model is . When the tank is full, the chassis signal turns on automatically.

It looks like a vacuum truck GAZ KO-503V-2

The design provides for a long suction hose (6 meters), a modernized vacuum pump is used. The car has the following specifications:

Tank capacity - 3.75 cubic meters. m;
Pump capacity - 240 m3 / h;
The mass of a fully loaded car is 8.2 tons;
Machine length - 7 m;
Width - 2.2 m;
Height - 2.6 m;
The maximum depth of the tank to be cleaned is 4 m;
The average barrel filling time is from 3 to 6 minutes.

Machine KO-503V-3-01

The vacuum machine serves not only for the collection and transportation of liquid waste, but also for the transportation of mobile dry closets.
The design provides a compartment for clean water, its capacity is 0.5 cubic meters. m. The volume of the main tank itself is 3.25 cubic meters. m, the barrel is filled in 5 minutes. The equipment can simultaneously transport up to two dry closets.

Machine KO-503V

The model has almost the same technical characteristics as the KO-503V-2 model. The main difference is that the base chassis for the KO-503V is GAZ 3307, and a 4.25-liter gasoline engine is installed on the car.

Machine KO-522 and its modifications

The KO-522A brand is based on the GAZ 3307, the KO-522B modification is based on the GAZ 3309. It should be noted that there is still a KO-522G model based on the HYUNDAI HD78 vacuum machine.

Technical characteristics of KO-522A:

The volume of the barrel is 4 cubic meters. m;
The maximum mass of a loaded vehicle is 7.85 tons;
Car length - 6.65 m;
Width - 2.3 m;
Height - 2.65 m;
Depth of the treatment pit (max) - 4 meters;
Engine type on the chassis - gasoline;
The barrel filling time is from 3 to 6 minutes.

A diesel engine is installed on the KO-522B model, the total mass of the loaded car is 8.2 tons.

Car GAZ-SAZ-39014-10 (39014-11)

Vacuum trucks SAZ-39014-10 and SAZ-39014-11 have been produced by the Saransk plant since 2014. The "ten" was created on the chassis 33098, 33096 and 3309, for the "eleventh" the chassis of the four-wheel drive truck "Countryman" (GAZ 33086) served as the basis.

Appearance of the new cesspool car Zemlyak

New models are equipped with KO-503 vacuum pumps, suction hoses have a diameter of 100 mm, the length of the hoses is 4 meters. Either the Minsk D 245 diesel engine or the Yaroslavl YaMZ 5344 diesel engine can be installed as a power unit.

The main purpose of the GAZ 53 vacuum cleaner is the implementation of complex production work to remove domestic and industrial wastewater, as well as cleaning household cesspools. The main consumers and customers of the sewer truck service are the housing and communal services, as well as the construction segment. If in public utilities the fundamental purpose of the machine is known, then in the construction segment, special equipment is designed to draw water from structural elements, as well as to clean various containers, reservoirs, and pits. As you can see, not only public utilities use special equipment for cleaning, but also the construction sector of the economy.

Machine design features

The standard technical characteristics of the GAZ 53 vacuum truck include several sets of attachments that are used for a certain type of workflow. The traditional equipment of special equipment has the following units and components:

Technological tank;
Vacuum type pump with built-in action drive;
A device with the characteristics of a signal-safety type;
Hatch for receiving waste;
Suction type hose;
Control mechanisms - crane and pipeline;
Additional electronic equipment.

In order to know the volume of the GAZ sewage truck, it is necessary to take into account the specific model of the vehicle. The main models of special equipment are presented with containers with a volume of 3.75m 3 to 12m 3 . Given the variety of vehicle volumes, some models of specialized equipment are designed to carry out certain work characteristics:

Small equipment. Designed exclusively to work with individuals who have minor requests for fluid pumping;
Industrial sewage truck GAZ 53. Sufficiently capacious volume of the tank, which pumps fluid from industrial wells, and is also used in the technological process at the construction site (waste pumping in construction contracts);
Universal sewage machines. This type of special equipment has a narrow specificity and is designed to pump out a large volume of water, for example, in the process of cleaning a reservoir, a pond.

Structural part of the car

The design of the sewer truck based on GAZ 53 is based on a technological container made of metal, which can be hermetically insulated and closed. Given that the pumping process does not use a pure liquid, but rather a suspension, where there are various impurities, including solid ones, a vacuum pump is provided for efficient operation. In general, such a high vacuum is created in the tank itself that, for example, from the same pond, you can easily suck in not only water, but also ordinary mud and even small crucians, perches that enter the barrel through a corrugated structural hose.

The operation of the vacuum built-in process pump is directly connected with the interaction of the engine system of special equipment, through a special mechanical distribution device, which has a functional interface with the power take-off of the GAZ 53 cesspool.

After reaching a certain level volume (in some models of special equipment it is allowed to set automatic level control), the built-in control sensor is activated, which brings the vehicle to a complete stop. At the end of work and filling the container, the distributing systematized drive box belonging to the vacuum pump is turned off. Further, the vacuum truck can follow its course to a special technological landfill for solid waste storage, where the tank is emptied, with subsequent disposal.

Technical aspects of the operation of special equipment

For the first time, the machines were developed in the USSR in 1963, a little later it was decided to expand the line of car base using a system of sewers. The enterprises have been equipped with various machine models, which are known to us as:

KO-503V-2;
KO-503V-3;
KO-503V;
KO-522A;
KO-522B;
GAZ-SAZ-39014-10;
GAZ-SAZ-3901-12.

This was the main line of special equipment, on the basis of which the base, work technology and technical characteristics of the GAZ 53 sewage truck were used. The main base of the chassis is GAZ 3309 and GAZ 3307.

The period of production of the machine is 1964-1983;
The volume of the tank - from 3.75 liters;
Pump processing capacity - 260 m3;
Additional equipment - built-in additional tanks and containers for cold water;
Pumping stop - mechanically;
Sound alarm - available;
Dimensions of the GAZ 53 sewage truck: length-6395 mm; width-2380 mm; height-2200 mm;
The maximum weight of a fully loaded car is up to 9.0 tons;
The maximum depth for the cleaned capacity is up to 4.0 meters;
The average mode of filling the container, depending on the model of the machine, is 3-6 minutes.

The fundamental difference between the GAZ 53 vacuum truck models lies in the principle of operation of the machine, as well as in the methods of filling the liquid. A more detailed description for each vacuum truck model will help you understand the fundamental characteristics of the machine to perform a particular type of work.

Maintenance of special equipment

Many owners of an approved sewer truck will tell you that the vehicle has excellent repairability. In almost any store you can find spare parts for any model of vehicle, as the industry still manufactures parts and spare parts, despite the respectable service life of the car.

The main advantages of the repair work:

Affordable and easy repair option;
No need for expensive technological maintenance;
Low cost of spare parts, which allows you to quickly recoup costs;
The presence of problematic operational units of the machine is minimized.

Frequent breakdowns in the machine are not technical units and components, but the technical wear and tear of auxiliary equipment, these are corrugated hoses, sleeves, and sometimes vacuum pumps. At the same time, the industry is now producing a sufficient amount of additional equipment, and of the highest quality. The only and significant disadvantage of the most popular sewage truck in the post-Soviet space is the low technical equipment of the automation system, which is typical for imported vehicle models. The absence of modern electronic systems in the car does not detract from the popularity of special equipment over analog foreign models.

Pumping out septic tanks, cesspools, cleaning drain systems and drains, desilting storm systems and sewers, draining and draining sewerage systems and underground highways, cleaning boreholes and much more is available under the power of the most popular sewage machine, which never and in no situation won't let you down.

Video: Vacuum cleaner GAZ 53

Habitually using communal amenities, we least of all think about the highways somewhere deep below us, along which everything that is washed away and merged moves, and about the wells where it accumulates. In fact, there is no miracle in the disappearance of waste products, and all engineering communications, which are not customary to talk about in a decent society and at the table, are an ordinary technical system that requires repair and maintenance. Practically the main tool in this process is sewage trucks, created mainly on the basis of the chassis of GAZ vehicles of various modifications.

Cessation vehicles are used wherever there is a need to pump out liquids containing a large amount of organic and inorganic impurities - sand, silt, fecal matter. Actually, this determines the scope of their application:

pumping out septic tanks of local sewage systems;
cleaning drain systems of car washes, storm sewers;
drainage of drainage and manholes, underground highways;
drainage of drilling holes, small reservoirs.

Device and principle of operation

The basis of the sewage truck device is a metal container that can be hermetically sealed. Since this special machine is faced with the task of pumping not a completely liquid, but rather a suspension saturated with impurities, a vacuum pump is connected to this barrel. It creates such a large vacuum in the tank that, for example, all the water from the pond, along with mud and crucian carp, can be sucked through a wide corrugated intake hose.

The vacuum pump is driven by the engine of a special machine through a switchgear associated with its gearbox.

When a certain level of liquid in the tank is reached, the sensor is triggered and the engine is turned off. After that, the transfer case of the pump drive is turned off, and the sewage truck can move to the place (special landfill) where the barrel is emptied and its contents are disposed of.

Photo of the GAZ-53 sewage truck

GAZ sewage trucks are based on the chassis of models 3307 and 3309. The basis of their design is an all-welded metal tank with a hermetically sealed neck at the top, to which the vacuum pump line is connected, and a suction pipe with a large-diameter four-way valve at the bottom. It withstands high pressure, and a chemically resistant coating is applied on its surface from the inside, protecting the metal from corrosion and facilitating the maintenance of the tank. Outside, it is usually painted bright red or orange.

Models differ somewhat from each other in the set of equipment and the way they work. For example, in sewage trucks based on GAZ 3307, when the tank is filled, the engine that drives the vacuum pump is automatically turned off, it has the longest intake hose - 6 meters.

Cars based on GAZ 3309 have a lot of additional electrical equipment, including an automatic valve on the intake line and an audible signal that is triggered when the barrel is filled. The car based on GAZ 53 has the largest tank in which there is a compartment for clean water.

All sewage trucks, according to the rules of the road, are equipped with flashing beacons and painted in bright colors.

Specifications

Each sewage truck based on a GAZ vehicle has its own technical characteristics, but the main difference is in the volume of the barrel and the performance of the vacuum pump.

The cesspool machine is designed to carry out work on the removal of various effluents, as well as cleaning cesspools. With the help of a sewage truck, a thorough removal of liquid masses is carried out. The technique is used not only in public utilities, but also in construction. At a construction site, vacuum trucks help to pump out water from load-bearing structures or clean a specific container, pit or technical recess. In public utilities, it is in demand.

Development and production of sewage trucks

The sewage machine is developed taking into account modern needs. The equipment must provide the necessary power, and also be reliable enough to exclude the possibility of a breakdown in an unfavorable situation for repair. The most common base for a vacuum truck is a GAZ truck. This technique is developed and assembled at the Gorky Automobile Plant. Components for the production of the machine are supplied by in-house manufacturers.

The device of special equipment on the GAZ chassis

The standard sewer truck GAZ 53 includes several mounted units, with the help of which the working process is carried out. The base of a truck for a vacuum truck is no different from a conventional serial truck. Mounted systems are located in such a way that during the full filling of the tank the truck has good handling and stability on the road. On the vacuum truck, the driver's cab is installed in the front of the frame, and the cargo compartment, in particular the tank for collecting and transporting sewage, is in the rear. All pumps and purge equipment are mounted between the tank and the cab, as well as in the lower part of the vehicle. The structure is similar to .

Features of the GAZ-53 sewage truck

The domestic vacuum sewer truck based on the GAZ-53 truck is the most common in its class. This car has a very simple design, as well as high reliability of the units and ease of operation. Despite its outdated design and technical component, the GAZ-53 vacuum truck is still popular in the domestic space. It is possible to single out the main features of sewers based on the GAZ-53:

simplicity and reliability of the design;
unpretentiousness in work;
low cost of parts;
car endurance;
cheap maintenance;
operation on any roads;

The GAZ-53 cargo chassis provides high vehicle performance on various road surfaces, regardless of its quality. It is worth noting the unpretentiousness of a 6-cylinder engine to the quality of gasoline. The motor is capable of running on low-octane AI-76, 80 and 92 fuel grades.

GAZ-3309 as a basis for a sewage truck

The GAZ-3309 universal sewer truck is an updated version and, compared to the outdated GAZ-53, is distinguished by its functionality and somewhat higher performance. Firstly, this design has a more powerful and economical diesel engine, and secondly, the machine is equipped with a larger tank and upgraded vacuum pumps that have a convenient control system and sewage discharge. A well-thought-out design makes it more practical.

Specifications:

base chassis - GAZ-3309;
power unit power - 86 kW;
fuel type - Diesel;
tank volume - 3.75 m3;
depth of the cleaned pit - 4 m;
productivity - 240 m3 / hour;
maximum vacuum in the tank - 0.08 MPa;
tank filling time - 3-6 minutes;
gross weight - 8180 kg;
dimensions - 7000 mm x 2200 mm x 2600 mm.

Some factory modifications of the GAZ-3309 include off-road vehicles with all-wheel drive.

Other chassis options

A metal barrel for a sewage truck can be mounted on almost any type of truck chassis. The most common options are MAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. Each brand has its own characteristics and load capacity. On some cars, it is possible to install two sewage tanks at once, which are able to work in pairs, respectively, the overall performance of the equipment increases sharply.

The main characteristics of the sewer machine

A modern vacuum pump for a cesspool truck (KO-503 brand and others) provides the best performance for these trucks. The pumps are powered by engine speed, so much depends on the power of the power unit itself. Diesel or gasoline engines with a capacity of 85 hp or more are mounted on GAZ vehicles. from. The performance of a standard pump varies from 240 m3/h, and the time for complete filling of the tank is about 3 - 7 minutes, depending on the consistency of the sucked substance and engine power.

Performance indicators

Despite the fact that the volume of a vacuum truck often varies from 3 to 7 cubic meters, the performance of domestic vacuum trucks is at a fairly high level and practically does not differ compared to foreign counterparts.

The tanker truck develops a speed of about 80 km/h with a loaded tank, and also has an automatic pressure unloading system that empties the tank in 2-4 minutes.

GAZ trucks are considered quite economical (consumption of about 15 liters per 100 km), therefore they are actively used in public utilities.

Scope of work performed

Regardless of how much a sewage truck costs, the equipment is used by public utilities to clean drain pits and other city communications where a high-pressure vacuum pump is needed. The machines are successfully used for pumping out sewage, water, mule from reservoirs, as well as for cleaning city roads from large puddles.

Waste truck management

Modern sewer machine technical characteristics, which comply with all norms and standards, are quite easy to operate. For control, one driver-operator is enough, who performs almost all manipulations from inside the driver's cab. All key working bodies are controlled on the instrument panel, so the employee does not need to participate in the unloading and loading of sewage. Additionally, the crew is equipped with a second person, a technician who manipulates the laying and laying out of hoses and other lines. The nominal length of the sewer hose can be up to 6 meters.

Additional features of the machine

Most owners note the fact that spare parts for GAZ sewage trucks can be purchased at almost any car shop. This fact greatly facilitates the operation and maintenance of these vacuum trucks.

The main advantages of GAZ-based vacuum trucks:

easy to repair;
no expensive maintenance is required;
low cost of spare parts;
absence of problem nodes;

Also, the advantages include the simplicity of structural components, as well as their easy dismantling. The only disadvantages of this machine is an outdated design and the lack of modern electronic systems.

Repair work

Domestic sewage truck price, which varies from 300 to 500 thousand rubles, does not require special equipment for repair work. To repair GAS, you need the most minimal set of tools, as well as a small set of knowledge. The main advantage of repairing such cars is that its design can be changed at the discretion of the owner without significant alterations.

Possible breakdowns

Frequent breakdowns of vacuum trucks are vacuum pumps and hoses (sleeves). Many owners simply do not know where to buy a hose for a sewage truck, so systems of foreign analogues with more reliable design characteristics are installed at GAZ. Many spare parts for modernization purposes are installed from other vehicles.

Availability of spare parts

There are quite a lot of spare parts for the GAZ vacuum truck. In the domestic space, you can purchase spare parts, both in the secondary market and new ones from the manufacturer. The cost of parts is relatively low, so these cars are inexpensive to maintain and repair. For example, the cost of a vacuum pump is about 40 - 60 thousand rubles, and foreign-made from 150 thousand.

The cost of the sewer machine

It is profitable to buy a sewage truck both in the secondary market and from an authorized dealer. Depending on the financial capabilities of the buyer, vacuum trucks may have additional attachments, as well as a modernized design. The cost of cars in the secondary market reaches 250,000 - 370,000 rubles, and the price of a new one varies from 900,000 rubles.