MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
APPROVED
Deputy Minister of Labor
and social development
Russian Federation
Typical instruction
on labor protection for persons using
lifting machines,
controlled from the floor
TI R M-006-2000
1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1.1. This Instruction is intended for workers using floor-operated lifting machines.
1.2. Compliance with the requirements of this Instruction is a necessary condition for ensuring the safety of workers using floor-operated hoisting machines that are not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies. (In the following text - workers using lifting machines.)
1.3. To work on hoisting machines and hanging loads on the hook of such machines, workers are allowed not younger than 18 years old from among the workers of the main professions who have passed a preliminary medical examination, trained according to a special program, certified by the qualification commission of the enterprise (organization) and having a certificate for the right to use hoisting machines and cargo hold.
1.4. Instruction on how to operate a hoisting machine controlled from the floor, how to tie loads and hang them on a hook, must be carried out within the timeframes provided for instructing in the main profession of a worker, as well as in case of violation of the requirements of the labor protection instructions.
1.5. Instruction on the management of lifting machines and safe methods of slinging and hanging loads on a hook is carried out by an employee responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by cranes (hereinafter referred to as the person responsible for the safe performance of work).
1.6. In accordance with the requirements of the current "Rules for the device and safe operation lifting cranes” re-testing the knowledge of employees, service personnel should be carried out by the commission of the enterprise (organization):
periodically - at least once a year;
upon transfer of said employees from one enterprise to another;
at the request of a person responsible for the safe performance of work, or an engineering and technical worker in charge of supervising hoisting machines.
results re-check knowledge of employees using hoisting machines are recorded in the journal of periodic testing of personnel knowledge.
1.7. Workers using lifting machines must:
know this manual, as well as the manufacturer's instructions for the installation and operation of serviced hoisting machines;
have an idea about the structure of serviced lifting machines and know their carrying capacity;
know safe ways slinging and cargo hooks;
be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes, a hook, load-handling devices and containers;
know the rules for the safe movement of goods by hoisting machines;
know the methods of release from the action of electric current of persons who are under voltage, and how to provide first aid to victims;
be able to select the slings necessary for work (according to the carrying capacity, the number of branches, the length and angle of inclination of the sling branches to the vertical) and other lifting devices, depending on the mass and nature of the cargo being moved;
be able to properly tie and hang the load on the hook;
know the rules of warehousing.
1.8. In the process of work, the worker may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors: moving machines and mechanisms, transported and stored goods, increased dust content in the air of the working area, microclimate, dangerous voltage in the electrical circuit, unprotected moving or rotating equipment elements.
1.9. Those working on lifting machines must be provided with personal protective equipment: cotton overalls; dielectric galoshes; dielectric gloves. For outdoor work in winter, in addition: a jacket with an insulating pad; trousers with insulating lining; felt boots.
1.10. When performing loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to strictly observe the accepted technology of cargo handling. It is not allowed to use methods that speed up the execution of technological operations, but lead to a violation of safety requirements.
1.11. Before using the pulling device, the person using the lifting machine must make sure that it is in good condition, as well as that there are tags and brands on the cables and chains indicating the carrying capacity. It is forbidden to use defective pulling devices.
1.12. In the places of production of loading and unloading operations, there must be schemes for the correct strapping and slinging of standard loads that do not have special devices (loops, trunnions, etc.). In the absence of these schemes, the workers are obliged to demand them from the person responsible for the safe performance of work, or from the engineering and technical worker in charge of supervising hoisting machines.
1.13. It is not allowed to operate faulty lifting machines. Responsibility for work on faulty hoisting machines, along with the persons responsible for maintaining them in good condition, lies with the worker using the hoisting machine.
1.14. It is necessary to strictly observe the frequency of technical maintenance of the lifting machine. At least once every three years, static and dynamic tests of hoisting machines are carried out.
In accordance with the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Hoisting Cranes, a static test of a hoisting machine is carried out with a load whose mass is 25% higher than its lifting capacity, and is aimed at checking the strength of the equipment as a whole and its individual elements.
The dynamic test is carried out with a load, the mass of which is 10% higher than the carrying capacity of the machine, and is intended to check the serviceability of the mechanisms of the hoisting machine and their brakes.
1.15. Persons using lifting machines are prohibited from independently maintaining and repairing electrical equipment. Admission to maintenance and repair of electrical equipment of a hoisting machine can be carried out only with the permission of the chief power engineer of the enterprise in the manner prescribed by the "Rules technical operation consumer electrical installations.
1.16. In the event of an accident, the person using the lifting machine must apply for medical care and report the incident to the head of this section or the administration of the enterprise.
1.17. To move goods, you should use devices designed to move a certain type of cargo.
1.18. It is not allowed to involve consignees and other unauthorized workers in the use of the hoisting machine, as well as to be outside workers in the area of work of hoisting machines.
1.19. If the load-handling devices (ropes, slings) have surface wear of wires or broken strands, the worker using the load-lifting machine must warn the person responsible for the safe production of work or the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the load-lifting machines in good condition and obtain permission to use the data load-handling device or its culling.
1.20. It is not allowed to splice pull ropes and broken chains with bolts.
1.21. An employee using a lifting machine must know the location of the switch that supplies voltage to the flexible cable of the lifting machine, and, if necessary, be able to disconnect the machine from the mains.
2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE WORKING START
2.1. Before starting work, a worker using a lifting machine must:
to put on correctly the overalls, special footwear, and, if necessary, personal protective equipment that are required by the norms and in good condition, receive instructions on the rules, procedure, place of storage and dimensions of goods to be handled;
make an external inspection of the mechanisms of the hoisting machine, lifting devices, make sure that they are in good condition and that they have stamps or tags indicating the number, date of testing and load capacity;
check the serviceability of the container and the presence of a number on it, inscriptions about its purpose, own and maximum weight of the cargo for which it is intended to be transported;
select lifting devices that correspond to the mass and nature of the load being lifted;
check the presence and serviceability of lighting devices in the area of operation of the hoisting machine. In case of insufficient lighting, inform the person responsible for safe work.
2.2. Before starting work, it is necessary to inspect the lifting machine, check:
serviceability of its main parts and assembly units;
the presence and reliability of the protective grounding (cable) to the push-button control housing;
no jamming of the control buttons in the sockets;
condition steel rope and the correctness of its winding on the drum;
hook state; its fastening in the holder and the presence of a locking device on it (wear in the mouth of the load-handling device should not be more than 10%), the absence of cracks, the presence of a cotter nut and the ease of turning the hook in the hook suspension.
2.3. Inspection of the lifting machine is allowed only when the switch is off. During the inspection, a poster “Do not turn on - people are working” must be hung on the knife switch.
2.4. When inspecting a lifting machine, if necessary, you can use a portable lamp with a voltage of not more than 4 V.
2.5. After inspecting the hoisting machine, before putting it into operation, it is necessary to test all the mechanisms idle and check the serviceability:
brakes, mechanisms and electrical equipment;
devices and safety devices available on the lifting machine.
2.6. The serviceability of the operation of the load limiter of the machines is checked with the help of a control load within the time limits established by the administration of the enterprise in the presence of an engineering and technical worker for the supervision of load-lifting machines. The results of the check should be recorded in the logbook.
2.7. An employee using a lifting machine should not start working on the machine if there are any of the following faults:
cracks or deformations in the metal structure of the crane;
the number of wire breaks or the surface wear of the cargo rope exceeds the established norm, the rope has a broken strand or local damage;
defects in the lifting mechanism;
damage to the brake parts of the load lifting mechanism;
wear of the hook in the throat exceeds 10% of the initial section height;
the device that closes the mouth of the hook is faulty;
the fastening of the hook in the holder is broken;
the nut securing the hook does not have a device preventing its self-unscrewing;
the crane block does not rotate around its axis, the axis is not fixed with locking plates or other locking devices;
faulty or missing hook height limiter, load limiter, etc.;
there is no fencing of mechanisms or non-insulated current-carrying parts of electrical equipment;
grounding is missing or damaged;
couplings do not have studs or nuts on studs, elastic rings are missing or worn;
brake gearboxes, brake pulleys, electric motor or other equipment of the machine are not fixed and are displaced during the operation of the mechanisms;
the insulation of the electrical wiring is damaged, the ground wiring is broken;
flexible trolleys sag a lot.
2.8. If any malfunction of the hoisting machine (electrical equipment) or lifting device is detected, as well as after the expiration of the next test period, it must be immediately reported to the person responsible for the safe production of work, and work should not be started without his instructions.
3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
3.1. Strapping and hitching of goods is allowed only in accordance with graphic images of the methods of slinging goods, which are posted in prominent places. Cargo handling of goods (products) for which slinging schemes have not been developed is allowed under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work; it is not allowed to use devices (pins, crowbars) for tying and hooking the load that are not provided for by the slinging schemes.
3.2. The strapping of the lifted load is carried out with slings corresponding to the weight of the lifted load.
It is not allowed to tie and hitch a load whose mass is unknown or exceeds the carrying capacity of the machine.
3.3. When tying and hooking the load, the ropes and chains must be superimposed on the main array (frame, frame, frame) without knots, twists and loops. Under the sharp ribs (corners), special linings should be placed to protect the slings from damage.
It is not allowed to connect broken chains with wire or bolts, tie ropes into a knot.
3.4. The load must be tied in such a way that during its lifting and moving by a lifting machine, the possibility of falling of its parts (assemblies, parts, spare parts) is excluded and its stable position is ensured.
3.5. When working on a lifting machine, you should be careful not to be distracted by extraneous matters and not to distract others.
3.6. In the event of a sudden power failure or a severe voltage drop, the person using the lifting machine must turn off the switch, prevent the presence of people in the area of suspension of the load or protect the place under the load.
3.7. In the event of an accident or an accident, it is necessary to stop the lifting machine and stop work until the arrival of the person responsible for the safe execution of work.
3.8. Lifting and lowering the load, as well as the movement of the lifting machine must be smooth, without jerks and shocks.
3.9. The movement of goods in the area where people work can only be carried out after receiving a written order from the administration of the enterprise and under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work.
3.10. A load moving in a horizontal direction must first be raised at least 0.5 m above the obstacles encountered on the way.
3.11. To make sure that the brakes of the lifting machine are reliable and the slinging is correct when lifting a load with a mass close to the maximum load capacity of the machine, you must first raise it to a height of no more than 200 - 300 mm.
3.12. The hook of the lifting mechanism must be installed so that when lifting the load, the oblique position of the load rope is excluded.
3.13. The cargo must be stacked evenly, without violating the dimensions established for warehousing cargo.
3.14. The person using the lifting machine must carefully monitor the ropes and is obliged to stop the operation of the lifting machine in the event that the rope slips from the drum, loops form and if damage is detected.
3.15. When lifting and lowering a load installed near a wall, column, stack, an employee using a lifting
machine, must first make sure that there are no people between the load being lifted and the specified parts of the building, equipment and other items.
3.16. It is necessary to stack the load in vehicles, as well as remove it without disturbing the balance Vehicle.
3.17. When performing loading and unloading operations, the employee using the lifting machine is obliged:
not allow unauthorized persons to strap and hook cargo;
do not use lifting devices without marking;
do not carry out loading and unloading operations with goods in the absence of schemes for their correct slinging;
do not lift littered or frozen cargo;
do not drag the load;
do not release by the lifting machine the removable load-handling devices (slings, traverses, etc.) pinched by the load;
do not lift reinforced concrete and concrete products that do not have mass markings and damaged hinges, as well as cargo that is in an unstable position and in containers filled above the sides;
do not pull up or lower the load onto the site with an oblique direction of the cargo ropes of the lifting machine;
do not lift a load that is incorrectly strapped or strapped with unreliable gripping devices; do not lay the load on electric cables, pipelines, etc.;
do not load and unload cargo from vehicles if there are people in the cab or body;
do not level the load being lifted or moved with the weight of your body;
do not move the hoisting machine if the width between the stacks of cargo and the protruding parts of the hoisting machine is less than 700 mm;
do not allow complete reeling of the ropes from the drums (at least one and a half turns must remain on the drum, the rope fastening turn is not taken into account);
do not clean or lubricate the mechanisms during their operation;
do not work without protective covers on mechanisms and electrical equipment;
do not leave the load suspended, if it is impossible to lower the load, take measures to fencing the location of the load.
3.18. In the event of the malfunctions specified in clause 2.7, the employee using the lifting machine is obliged to lower the load, stop working and inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work about this.
3.19. It is necessary to stop the work of the lifting machine in the following cases: breakdown of mechanisms or metal structures; insufficient illumination of the work area; energized hook or metal structures, protective covers of mechanisms and electrical equipment.
3.20. After the repair of the load-lifting machine, it is allowed to start working on it only if there is a written permission from the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the load-lifting machine in good condition, and if it is registered in the logbook.
3.21. Stowage and disassembly of goods should be carried out without violating the established dimensions of the stacks.
3.22. When carrying out loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to ensure that the lifting capacity of the sling corresponds to the force of the mass of the load being lifted, taking into account the safety factor, the number of branches and the angle of inclination, while the angle between the branches of the sling should not exceed 90 °.
3.23. When processing long loads, the person using the lifting machine must comply with the following requirements:
in order to ensure balance when lifting long loads, their slinging must be carried out with at least two slings;
slinging of long loads with a smooth surface (pipes, poles) should be carried out using wooden spacers designed to prevent slipping of single loads;
if at the moment of lifting the load there is an uncoupling or shift of the slings, then it is necessary to immediately stop lifting and lower the load for re-slinging.
3.24. When processing packaged goods, the following requirements must be met:
use grippers that correspond both to the type of cargo being moved and to the features of the process itself;
lifting and moving of packaged goods should be carried out in a special inventory container, the stowed cargo should be at least 5 cm below the level of the sides of the container;
when lifting loads in the form of packages, devices should be used to prevent the loss of individual elements from the package.
3.25. When handling agricultural machines, tractors, vehicles and equipment, the following requirements must be met:
know the mass of machines and equipment to be moved;
use serviceable stick devices that are marked with the designation of the permissible load capacity;
carry out loading and unloading operations at night only with sufficient lighting;
immediately stop lifting or moving the load in the event of the appearance of unauthorized persons in the work area;
lift agricultural machines, equipment, tractors only if they are hooked to all places intended for slinging, painted with a paint different from the general color of the machine and marked with a slinging sign;
when handling agricultural machinery, equipment that does not have designated places for slinging, you must first raise the load to a height of 200 - 300 mm in order to correctly determine the choice of places for attaching slings.
3.26. When lowering the load, it is necessary to first inspect the place where the load is to be laid, and make sure that it cannot fall, tip over or slip.
3.27. Strong spacers must be pre-laid at the unloading point in order to easily and without damage remove the slings from under the load.
4. MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF LIFTING MACHINES
4.1. An employee using a lifting machine must:
monitor the good condition of all mechanisms, the good condition of the rope, the mechanism for lifting the load, the heating temperature of the electric motors of the trolley and hoist, which should not exceed 45 ° C, for the precise operation of the brakes of the lifting mechanism and the trolley;
during a shift inspection, check the condition of all bolted connections, locking devices of support bogies, lubricators, rope and its fastening;
store the tool in the places intended for this purpose;
know the timing and results of the Maintenance lifting machine.
4.2. Lubrication of all friction surfaces of the mechanisms of the hoisting machine and the rope is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, while the following requirements must be met:
the amount of lubricants and cleaning materials should not exceed the shift requirement;
keep lubricant should be in a closed container (cans, syringes, oilers), and cleaning material - in a metal container;
It is not allowed to lubricate the parts while the lifting machine is in operation.
4.3. In the event of a malfunction of the mechanisms during operation, it is necessary to immediately stop work and apply for repair. Other types of repair of the hoisting machine are carried out within the time limits established by the administration of the enterprise.
4.4. When inspecting electrical equipment, the hoisting machine must be de-energized, the switch is turned off.
4.5. After any repair or maintenance work on the hoisting machine may only be started in the presence of a person responsible for maintaining the hoisting machine in good condition.
5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES
5.1. In the event of accidents or situations that can lead to accidents and accidents, an employee using a floor-operated lifting machine must:
stop lifting and moving cargo;
lower the load, and if this is not possible, take measures to protect the location of the load;
turn off the switch;
notify the employee responsible for the safe performance of work.
5.2. In the event of an accident, you must:
take measures to release the victim from the action of the traumatic object;
provide the victim with first aid, depending on the type of injury;
notify management of the incident and take measures to evacuate the victim to a medical facility.
5.3. In the event of a fire: suspend further work; lower the load;
turn off the lifting machine and the general switch; call the fire brigade and inform the management of the enterprise; take measures to extinguish the fire with extinguishing agents available at the site.
6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORK COMPLETION
6.1. At the end of work, the employee using the lifting machine must:
release the hook or other load-handling device from the load;
put the hoisting machine in the parking place and raise the hook to the upper position;
turn off the switch;
remove load-handling devices to storage places;
make an entry in the watch log about the state of the machine and the malfunctions that occurred during operation.
6.2. When handing over a shift, it is necessary to inform the person responsible for the safe production of work or the shift worker about all malfunctions in the operation of the lifting machine that occurred during the last shift, in accordance with the entries in the logbook.
6.3. Employees guilty of violating this Instruction are liable in accordance with the procedure established by the current legislation.
28. Reception explosive materials, their loading and unloading in organizations conducting blasting operations must be carried out in a specially designated, guarded place (on a loading and unloading site) and under the supervision of a designated person who has the right to manage blasting operations.
The loading and unloading area should be equipped in accordance with the project. Persons who are not related to the loading (unloading) of explosive materials should not be allowed on the site.
29. The organization is obliged to ensure control over the number of all received places with explosive materials when they are accepted at the loading and unloading site.
30. The loading and unloading area should:
fenced with barbed wire at a distance of at least 15 m from the place of loading (unloading) of vehicles. The height of the fence must be at least 2 m;
be covered in dark time days with stationary electric lighting or mine storage lamps. Breakers in the normal version may be located at a distance of no closer than 50 m from the place of loading (unloading) of explosive materials;
be provided with the necessary fire fighting equipment;
have an external telephone connection with the organization, the railway station (pier, port), bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. The telephone must be installed in a guardhouse located no further than 50 m from the place of loading (unloading) of explosive materials;
protected for the entire period of loading and unloading operations.
Places (platforms) for unloading, loading and laying down of railway cars with explosive materials must be removed from residential and industrial buildings, from the main stationary railway tracks at a distance of at least 125 m.
31. Joint transportation of explosive materials within a hazardous production facility is carried out only if the following requirements are met:
a) explosive materials of the same compatibility group, but different subclasses, may be transported together, provided that they are subject to safety measures as a whole as to explosive materials of subclass 1.1;
b) explosive materials of compatibility group No. may be transported with explosive materials of compatibility group S.
c) joint transportation within a hazardous production facility of explosives, means of initiation and perforating-explosive equipment is allowed only with the permission of the head (technical manager) of the organization conducting blasting operations, or a person appointed by him, subject to the following conditions:
load of the vehicle is not more than 2/3 of its carrying capacity;
placement of means of initiation in the front of the vehicle in special tightly closed boxes with internal soft pads on all sides;
separation of packages with explosives and boxes with means of initiation in ways that exclude the transfer of detonation from the latter;
placement of powders of group C and perforating charges in their original packaging or in special boxes no closer than 0.5 m from other explosive materials;
securing boxes and other containers with explosive materials in ways that exclude impacts and rubbing against each other.
32. In all other cases, transportation of explosive materials of various compatibility groups within a hazardous production facility must be carried out separately.
33. Transportation of explosive materials from the explosives warehouse to work sites (within a hazardous production facility) should be carried out along the routes established by the head (technical manager) of the organization conducting explosive work, or a person appointed by him.
34. Delivery to the places of work of explosives with explosive materials issued to them is allowed only in vehicles designed for this purpose. The presence of unauthorized personnel in vehicles during the delivery of explosive materials is not allowed.
35. Delivery of explosive materials in underground conditions is permitted by all types and means of mine transport, specially equipped for these purposes.
36. It is prohibited to deliver granular explosives containing TNT, RDX and nitroethers under their own weight through pipes (cased wells) to working horizons (underground points) of mines, mines.
37. It is forbidden to transport explosive materials along the shaft during the descent and ascent of people. When loading, unloading, moving explosive materials along the shaft in the near-shaft yard and in the building above the shaft, only a blaster, a distributor, workers loading and unloading explosive materials, a handler, a shaft operator and a person responsible for the delivery of explosive materials are allowed near the shaft.
38. Lowering and lowering of explosive materials along the shaft of the mine should be carried out only after notification of this by the head of blasting operations responsible for lifting, delivery (lowering) of explosive materials, the dispatcher (mine duty officer).
Boxes and bags with explosive materials should occupy no more than 2/3 of the cage floor height, but not higher than the cage doors.
When lowered in trolleys, boxes and bags with explosive materials should not protrude above the sides of the trolleys, and the trolleys themselves must be firmly fixed in the cage.
Means of initiation must be lowered (raised) separately from explosives.
Boxes and bags with detonators should be placed in one row in height.
39. During the lowering and ascent of blasters with explosive materials and carriers with explosives along inclined workings in human trolleys, no more than one blaster or carrier should be on each seat.
It is allowed to deliver explosives by belt conveyors and chairlifts in accordance with the procedure established at the mine (mine).
40. Several blasters with bags of explosives and carriers with bags of explosives are allowed to descend or ascend in the same cage at the same time at the rate of 1 m 2 of the cage floor per person on the floor. Each of these persons is allowed to carry with them no more than the amount of explosive materials specified in paragraph 50 of these Rules.
The descent and ascent of blasters with explosive materials and carriers with explosives must be carried out out of turn.
41. Transportation of explosive materials through underground workings should be carried out at a speed of no more than 5 m / s. The driver is obliged to start and stop the lifting machine, winch, electric locomotive smoothly, without jerks.
42. Transportation of explosive materials in underground workings by vehicles should be carried out under the following conditions:
a) loading and unloading operations with explosive materials are allowed only in designated areas;
b) c emergency situations the place of loading and unloading operations is determined by the person responsible for the delivery of explosive materials;
c) when transported in the same railway train, explosives and initiation means must be located in different cars, separated by such a number of empty cars, in which the distance between the cars with explosives and initiation means, as well as between these cars and the electric locomotive would be at least 3 m The train must not contain trolleys loaded with other goods, except for explosive materials.
d) detonators must be transported in vehicles lined with wood and closed with a solid cover made of non-combustible materials. Boxes, as well as bags and cassettes with these means of initiation, should be lined with soft material and placed in a single row in height. Other explosive materials are allowed to be transported in ordinary vehicles, loading them up to the sides;
e) transportation of explosives by contact electric locomotives should be carried out in trolleys closed with a solid cover made of fireproof materials. Granular explosives may be covered with a fireproof cloth;
f) vehicles (trains) with explosive materials in front and behind must have special light identification marks, with the meaning of which it is necessary to familiarize all employees;
g) when transporting explosive materials through mine workings, drivers of oncoming vehicles and people passing through these workings are obliged to stop and let the vehicle with explosive materials pass;
h) drivers of vehicles and all persons involved in the transportation (delivery) of explosive materials must be instructed on security measures;
i) when transporting explosive materials by rail, there should be no one on the train, except for the driver of an electric locomotive, a blaster or distributor, as well as workers associated with the transport of explosive materials; accompanying persons must be in the human trolley at the end of the train. It is allowed to escort the train on foot, provided that its speed does not exceed the speed of movement of accompanying persons;
j) transportation of explosive materials in specially equipped trolleys, containers, other containers, locked and sealed in the warehouse of explosive materials, is allowed without accompanying persons;
k) persons directly involved in the transportation of explosive materials must be provided with self-rescuers.
It is allowed to deliver ammonium nitrate explosives in underground workings in buckets of load-and-dump machines from local storage points and places of unloading explosives to places of blasting, provided that the bucket is loaded no more than 2/3 of its height. In this case, the bucket must be cleaned of the remnants of the transported goods. The means of initiation must be delivered separately.
43. The technical serviceability of vehicles used for the delivery of explosive materials must be checked monthly and every shift during the preparation of blasting operations by a person appointed by the administrative document of the organization. When transferring explosives through pipelines, an audit of tanks, pipes and valves must be carried out in the manner prescribed by the administrative document of the organization.
44. Loading of trolleys and other vehicles with explosives on the surface of the mine must be carried out on a site with a fence.
45. In underground workings, trolleys with explosives must be formed into trains and delivered directly to the explosion preparation area or placed in specially equipped workings - sedimentation points. Each place of concentration of explosives must be provided with at least four foam fire extinguishers, as well as a fire hose, hose or hose connected to the fire water line.
46. The alarm system between the locomotive driver and accompanying persons during the transportation of explosives through underground workings is approved by the head (technical manager) of the organization conducting blasting operations, or a person appointed by him.
47. The lowering and lifting of explosive materials when driving pits equipped with manual toggles and winches must be carried out subject to the following conditions:
a) persons not associated with blasting should not be in the face;
b) lowering and lifting of explosive materials shall be carried out by at least two persons;
c) equip the winch or winch with ratchet devices or automatically operating brakes, and the trailer hook with a safety lock;
d) lowering and lifting of explosives should be carried out separately from the means of initiation.
48. The lowering and lifting of explosive materials using winches along rising workings (furnaces) must be carried out in accordance with the organization of work and the passport for the installation of a winch, approved by the head of the mine (mine).
49. Explosives and manual initiation tools must be delivered to the blasting sites separately in bags, cassettes, and original packaging.
50. Means of initiation or fighters with detonators are carried only by explosives, while they must be placed in bags with hard cells (cassettes, boxes) lined with soft material inside. Delivery of explosives can be carried out by instructed workers under the supervision of explosives.
51. When manually delivering the means of initiation and explosives together, the blaster must carry no more than 12 kg of explosive materials. The mass of fighters carried by the explosive must not exceed 10 kg.
52. When carrying explosives in bags without means of initiation, the norm may be increased to 24 kg.
53. When carrying explosives in their original packaging, their quantity must be within the limits of the current norms for carrying heavy loads.
54. Vehicles used to transport explosive materials must meet the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring the safety of the transportation of dangerous goods, as well as European agreement on the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).
55. Transportation of explosive materials by road, rail, sea, river and air modes of transport is carried out in accordance with the rules for the transportation of these modes of transport.
§448. The ratio of the smallest winding diameter to the rope diameter must be at least:
a) 120 for single-rope hoisting machines with a friction pulley;
b) 95 for multi-rope hoists with a deflecting pulley;
c) 79 for guide pulleys and drums of surface hoisting installations and for multi-rope installations without a deflecting pulley;
d) 60 for guide pulleys and drums of underground lifting machines and winches, as well as for machines and winches used in tunneling;
e) 50 for mobile lifting machines, guide pulleys and winch drums used on rock dumps, as well as for haulage winches;
f) 20 for guide pulleys and drums of tunneling cargo winches designed for hanging shelves, outboard pumps, pipelines, rescue ladders.
For mobile, auxiliary and shunting winches, as well as for guide pulleys of inclined lifting installations with a pulley wrapping angle of up to 15 0, the specified ratio is not limited.
§449. For cargo-human and human lifting installations on vertical and inclined (more than 60 0) operational shafts, the winding of the rope on the drum must be single-layer.
Allowed:
a) two-layer winding of the rope on the drum - for cargo vertical lifting installations on the surface and when people are raised and lowered along workings with an inclination angle of 30-60 0,
b) three-layer winding - when lifting and lowering people along inclined workings with an inclination angle of up to 30 0, when passing through vertical and inclined workings, for cargo underground vertical and inclined lifting installations and cargo inclined haulage installations on the surface;
c) multi-layer winding - for mobile and auxiliary cargo lifting installations (on rock dumps, overpasses, etc.) on the surface and underground, as well as tunneling cargo low-speed (at a speed not exceeding 0.2 m / s) winches.
§450. The drums of newly mounted hoisting machines must have flanges on both sides, with a height of at least 1.5 rope diameters. The winding surface of the drums must have cut spiral grooves, regardless of the number of winding layers.
If there is more than one layer of rope winding on the drum, the following conditions must be met:
a) the drum flange should protrude above the top layer by 2.5 rope diameters;
b) for a critical section of the rope with a length of a quarter of the last turn of the lower row (transition to the upper row), enhanced monitoring should be carried out (accounting for wires broken in this place) and the rope should be moved a quarter of a turn every 2 months.
§451. The attachment of the rope to the drum must be done in such a way that when the rope passes through the slot in the drum cylinder, it is not deformed by the sharp edges of the slot. Do not attach the end of the rope to the drum shaft. The rope ends are fastened to the drum using devices specially provided on the drum, which allow the rope to be fixed at at least three points.
To loosen the rope tension at the place of its attachment to the drum, on the surface of the latter there must be at least three turns of friction on the drum lined with wood or press mass, and at least five turns of friction on drums not lined with friction materials. In addition to the friction coils, there should be spare coils for periodic testing of the rope. Spare turns can be located both on the surface of the drum and inside it. Bobbins designed to accommodate spare turns of the rope must have special devices, allowing them to be fixed relative to the drum of the machine.
§452. The lining segments of the driving pulleys of friction pulleys and pile driving pulleys must be attached so that there are no connecting parts on the edges of the lining groove, which, if their fastening is broken, could fall into the groove under the rope. Lining bolts are to be inspected weekly. Unusable bolts found at the same time must be immediately replaced with new ones. The flanges of the guide pulleys and friction pulleys of newly manufactured machines must protrude above the upper part of the rope by at least 1.5 of its diameter.
Lining segments should be replaced with new ones when they are worn out in depth by one diameter (excluding the initial deepening), to the side - by half the diameter of the rope.
Lining segments must be replaced with new ones even if the residual height of its wear result is equal to 0.75 of the rope diameter. Piler pulleys must have de-icing devices, the design of which is determined by the project.
§453. Pulleys with cast or stamped rims that do not provide for the use of lining are subject to replacement with new ones or restoration by surfacing according to technological map developed specialized organization when the thickness of the rim or flange is worn up to 50% of their initial thickness.
Before hanging a new rope and in the future, at least once a quarter, the pulleys are subject to inspection by the chief mechanic of the mine or his assistant; in this case, the cross section of the groove is measured. The results of the inspection are recorded in the "Journal for recording the results of the inspection of the lifting installation" with a sketch of the section of the pulley groove of the most worn place.
§454. The maximum speed of ascent and descent of people along vertical workings is determined by the project, but should not exceed 12 m/s.
§455. The highest speed when lifting and lowering loads along vertical workings is determined by the project.
§456. When lifting and descending people on inclined workings top speed movement is determined by the project, but should not exceed 5 m/s.
When lifting and lowering loads along inclined workings, the maximum speed should not exceed:
a) when lifting cargo in skips - 7 m/s;
b) when lifting loads in trolleys - 5 m/s.
§457. When lifting and descending people in tubs along guides, the maximum speed should be no more than 8 m / s, and in places where there are no guides - no more than 1 m / s.
§458. When lifting and lowering loads in buckets along guides, the speed of bucket movement should not exceed 12 m / s, and in places where there are no guides - 2 m / s.
§459. For lifting installations of all types of vertical and inclined (over 30 0) workings, the deceleration of lifting vessels should not exceed 1 m / s 2, and for workings with a slope angle of up to 30 0 - 0.7 m / s 2. For lifting installations of vertical and inclined (over 30 0) workings intended for lifting and lowering people, the acceleration value should not exceed 1 m / s 2, and for workings with an angle of inclination up to 30 0 - 0.7 m / s 2.
The acceleration value for cargo lifting installations is determined by the project.
Acceleration and deceleration of lifting vessels when driving shafts in sections of movement without guides and when unloading buckets should be no more than 0.3 m / s 2, and when choosing a rope inlet, when lifting the bucket for calming and when landing it on the bottom - 0.1 m/s 2 .
§460. To protect against overlift and overspeed, the mine hoist must be equipped with the following safety devices:
a) for each lifting vessel (counterweight) with a limit switch mounted on a pile driver, designed to turn off the lifting machine and turn on the safety brake when the vessel is raised 0.5 m above the level of the receiving platform (its normal position during unloading), and two limit switches, installed on the depth indicator or on the travel regulator and designed to duplicate the operation of the limit switches installed on the pile driver. In inclined workings, limit switches should be installed at a distance of 0.5 m from the stopping place: for human trolleys - when people land on the top landing site; cargo party - before its descent into an inclined race.
Lifting installations with tilting cages must have additional limit switches installed on the pile driver 0.5 m above the level of the platform intended for boarding people in the cage. The operation of these limit switches should also be duplicated by limit switches installed on the depth indicators (travel controller).
It is allowed to install duplicate limit switches on the pile driver at the same level as the main ones when they are powered by separate cables and installed on the control panel of the machine for each of them separate buttons (without fixing the position) designed to check the serviceability of the switches. Additional limit switches (main and backup) on lifting installations with tilting stands must be included in the protection circuit, depending on the given signal "load" or "people";
b) a device that turns off the installation in case of excess top speed normal running by 15%;
c) a speed limiter that does not allow the approach of the vessel to the receiving platforms at a speed of more than 1.5 m/s when lowering and raising the load and 1 m/s when lowering and raising people and is triggered when the speed of the vessel approach is exceeded by more than 15%. During the deceleration period during the most severe mode of safety braking, the speed limiter should not allow overlifting and hard landing of lifting vessels (this requirement applies to newly installed lifting units with an equal stroke speed of more than 2 m/s and operated at a speed of more than 3 m/s) ;
d) shock-absorbing devices installed on the pile driver and in the sump (applies only to multi-rope hoists).
§461. Mine hoists must be equipped with the following safety and interlock devices:
a) maximum and zero protection, acting when the motor is overloaded and there is no voltage;
b) protection against string sagging and rope inlet in the barrel;
c) locking of the safety gratings of the shafts at the receiving platforms, including the “Stop” signal for the driver when the gratings are open and not allowing the gratings to open in the absence of a cage on the receiving platform of the horizon. The term for the introduction of a lock that does not allow the opening of the gratings in the absence of a cage at the receiving platform of the horizon is established by the administration of the enterprise in agreement with the local authorities of the State Mining and Technical Supervision;
d) a blocking that allows you to turn on the engine after the overlift of the vessel only in the direction of eliminating the overlift;
e) arc interlock between reverse contactors, as well as dynamic braking;
f) a lock that prevents the release of the safety brake if the service brake handle is not in the “inhibited” position, and the handle of the control apparatus (controller) is in the zero position;
g) blocking, which ensures that during the shaft sinking, the bucket stops 5 m before it approaches the working shelf during the construction of the lining and when approaching the bottom of the shaft;
h) protection against freezing of vessels in unloading curves;
i) blocking against slipping of the ropes.
§462. Lifting machines and winches must be equipped with a device (indicator) showing the driver the position of the vessels in the shaft, and an automatic bell signaling the need to start a deceleration period.
On hoisting machines and winches designed to suspend equipment when sinking vertical shafts, a depth indicator is not required.
§463. Each hoist to the winch must be provided with working and safety mechanical braking with independent drive activation. These types of braking can be carried out by one or two brake drives.
In newly created hoisting machines and winches, braking should be carried out by two brake drives. Brakes (including hand brakes) must be located so that the driver can freely control them without leaving the workplace.
§464. Tunneling cargo winches and winches for rescue ladders must be provided with: a shunting brake on the motor shaft or on intermediate shaft, safety brake, ratchet stop on the drum and blocking, which excludes the start of the electric motor in the direction of lowering the load when the safety brake and locking device are on. Hand winches intended for lowering equipment and materials must have: a brake, a ratchet lock and a double gear.
For winches in auxiliary workings for lowering and lifting inventory, timber and other materials, as well as when driving slopes, bremsbergs and their walkers with inclination angles up to 30 0, one brake is allowed. In mine shafts where several lifting units are located, on the control panel of each of them there must be a button for simultaneous emergency shutdown all lifting machines.
§465. The safety braking of the lifting machine must be carried out by the load or springs. The number of springs involved in the creation of the braking force must be such that if one of them breaks braking force generally did not decrease by more than 15%.
For cargo-personnel lifting installations with spring drives, two drives are required.
The executive body of the safety brake must be of the shoe (disk) type. Installation of brake pulleys on the motor shaft or on the intermediate shaft is only permitted for service braking. In this case, the executive body can be of shoe (disk) or tape type.
The executive body of the safety brake device must act on the brake pulleys, which must be located on the shaft of the winding body and be fastened to the rim of this body. Safety braking must be carried out both by the driver and automatically. The activation of the safety brake must be accompanied by an automatic disconnection of the lifting motor from the mains.
In tunneling winches with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons inclusive, it is allowed to use a band brake on a drum with a cargo drive and manual release. For auxiliary cargo winches that are not intended for continuous lifting and lowering of cargo along the shaft, manual braking is allowed.
§466. In addition to the brake, in case of adjusting the position of the drums or repairing the brake device, each lifting machine must be provided with a special locking device. When using drums that allow them to be remotely disconnected from the shaft (in order to regulate the relative position of the lifting vessels), a lock must be provided to ensure preliminary blocking of the released drum.
§467. For small hoisting machines with a travel speed of not more than 4 m/s and with a winding element with a diameter of not more than 2.5 m, as well as for existing hoisting machines with a winding body with a diameter of up to 3 m, it is allowed to brake the service brake if the service brake is used cargo drive. The brake weight of the service brake must provide a braking torque of at least 1.5 times the maximum static torque. In all other cases, the use of an adjustable service brake with a mechanical drive is mandatory.
§468. With vertical and inclined lifts with an inclination angle of more than 30 0, the braking torque during safety braking must be at least 3 times the static torque when lifting or lowering the load calculated for the machine. The service brake, if necessary, must provide the possibility of obtaining a braking torque of the same magnitude. At angles of inclination less than 30 0, the braking torque during safety braking must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table. 7.
For workings with a variable angle of inclination, the value of the braking torque is set according to the largest angle of inclination of this working. The value of the coefficient K for intermediate angles of inclination not listed in Table. 6 is determined by linear interpolation. The braking torque of tunneling cargo winches and winches for rescue ladders must be at least 2-short static torque when lifting or lowering the maximum design load for the machine, and for cargo-human (human) tunneling winches and machines, the braking torque must be at least 3- short in relation to the static moment corresponding to the largest possible number of people in the tub. If there are two separate drives for service and safety braking, the possibility of the appearance of a braking torque exceeding the calculated one, due to the addition of the moments created by them during joint action, must be excluded.
When rearranging an idle drum, the braking device must develop a braking torque on one brake pulley equal to at least 1.2 of the static moment created by the weight of the lifting vessel and one branch of the rope.
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REGULATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY RAILWAYS (approved by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation dated 27-12-94 TsM-309) (2017) Actual in 2018
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING OPERATIONS WITH EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AT SPECIALLY DESIGNATED PLACES OF THE PLANT
1. Places for loading, unloading and reloading of explosive materials at specially designated stations, as well as places for parking cars with such cargo outside trains or outside formed trains (with the exception of marshalling tracks on which cars with explosive materials may be under accumulation) must be removed from residential and industrial buildings, territories of traction substations, cargo warehouses, general places of loading, unloading and storage of goods, from places of loading and unloading of dangerous liquid cargoes, from the main station tracks at a distance of at least 125 m.
2. On electrified sections, as a rule, non-electrified tracks are allocated for the indicated purposes. In cases where it is not possible to identify such tracks, electrified tracks can be used. The contact network of these paths must be separated into an independent group with power supply through a separate sectional disconnector equipped with an additional grounding knife.
Loading and unloading of electric detonators on electrified tracks, as well as all loading and unloading operations on these tracks, carried out using lifting mechanisms and fixtures; work related to the need to approach people, goods, mechanisms, devices to the contact network at a distance of less than 2 m, should be carried out only after the voltage is removed from the contact network. In these cases, persons in charge of loading or unloading are prohibited from starting work until they receive a written notification from the head of the station or the station attendant to remove the voltage and ground the wire.
Places intended for the production of loading and unloading operations with the VM must have necessary funds fire extinguishers and devices for stationary and portable electric lighting with fittings and lamps in explosion-proof design. In exceptional cases, in places where there is no systematic departure or receipt of WM, it is allowed to equip open-type luminaires, which must be located no closer than 10 m from the place of loading, unloading and storage of such goods.
Stationary or portable electric lighting must be made in accordance with the requirements of the PTE and safety measures established by the heads of the relevant enterprises, institutions, organizations.
For approach road transport there should be convenient access to the places of loading and unloading.
3. Choice specified places at the stations and their acceptance into operation is carried out by a commission consisting of the head of the station, the military commandant of the railway section and the station, representatives of the sanitary and epidemiological station, the fire department of the road, the OSP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Gosgortekhnadzor and is agreed with local authorities. Proposals to include in the list of specific stations for work with VMs belonging to the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the head of the road, the head of military communications and the head of the OSP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, after agreement with the government of the Russian Federation, are sent to the Russian Ministry of Railways for publication.
4. In the absence of a place that satisfies the requirements listed in paragraphs 1-3, the commission may establish the most convenient place for these purposes with deviations from the specified requirements. In this case, the commission determines additional security measures depending on local conditions.
The choice of a place is formalized by an act signed by the members of the commission.
In accordance with clause 3.6.14 of these Rules designated places, as well as ways for standing wagons with dangerous goods are indicated in the technical and administrative act of the station.
5. Loading and unloading of explosives at the access roads of enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as at specially designated places of stations, if these places have the necessary lighting, are carried out around the clock.
In the absence of fronts for loading and unloading cargo with sufficient lighting at specially allocated places, loading and unloading operations with VM are carried out only in daylight hours days. With the onset of darkness, these works must be stopped.
Unloading, loading, reloading of all VM from wagons that were in a wreck (accident), or if there is obvious signs violations of the procedure for placing cargo in wagons are allowed only during daylight hours. In the regions of the Far North, where winter period daylight hours do not exceed 4 hours, these works are carried out at increased electric lighting with fittings and lamps in explosion-proof design. The sufficiency of such lighting is determined by the responsible representative of the consignor (consignee), specially allocated in accordance with clause 3.5.4 of these Rules to manage the specified work. Illumination levels in places of loading, unloading, reloading and repair must comply with SNiP 11-4-79 and OST 32-9-81.
On the need to unload wagons only during daylight hours, the head of the station draws up an act with the participation of specialists accompanying the cargo or the head of the guard, a representative of the consignee, and for the cargo of the Ministry of Defense of Russia - the military commandant of the railway section and station, if available at this station, and for the cargo of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and FSB of Russia - representative of the PCB of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the railway.
6. Loading and lifting equipment of all types (wheelbarrows, trolleys, skids, roller tables, conveyors, winches, cranes, battery loaders, etc.) used when working with VM must be in full working order and have devices or devices that protect fall load.
Winches for lifting the load of hoisting machines, and for jib cranes - and winches for lifting the boom when working with the VM must be equipped with two brakes. The load on hoisting machines so equipped must not exceed the norms stipulated technical documentation(form, passport and instructions).
If there is one brake on the load lifting winch, and for jib cranes - on the boom lifting winch, the load should not exceed 75% of the lifting capacity allowed for this hoist.
It is forbidden to use jib and other cranes at a wind speed exceeding 75% allowed for the brand of this crane.
Loading and unloading of explosives are carried out by standard and specially approved for the production of work with such loads lifting rigging and devices that do not form a spark upon impact.
If it is necessary to use iron and steel slings and other gripping devices during loading, unloading of explosives, then it is allowed to use standard and installed loading devices (mechanisms) provided for by the technical documentation for working with these loads and having the necessary insulation.
The suitability and serviceability of the loading and lifting equipment to be used in loading and unloading operations with the VM, before starting these works, is checked by a responsible employee, a specially assigned consignor (consignee) who performs the specified work.
7. Loading and unloading operations with VM are carried out with the utmost care. Places with a load must not be subjected to shocks, shocks and shaking. Lifting and lowering them should be done slowly and smoothly.
Carrying loads on hands or stretchers should be done with extreme caution.
Dragging heavy places is allowed in exceptional cases only on a flat flooring of boards, with extreme caution.
In case of icy conditions, in order to prevent workers from slipping, the area near the places of loading and unloading of explosives must be sprinkled with sand and ash.
The movement of wagons with VM along the front of loading and unloading or on the sludge tracks manually is prohibited.
The order of movement on the station tracks and on the sidings of cars with VM capstans, electric capstans and others by mechanical means installed special instructions approved respectively by the head of the road department or the head of the enterprise, institution, organization in charge of the access road.
8. Wagons with VM that arrived at their destination, upon delivery of the cargo to the consignee, must be inspected by him, and when the cargo is escorted by paramilitary guards of the Ministry of Railways of Russia - also by the station acceptance officer in order to establish the serviceability of the body, doors, hatches, locks and seals.
Upon entering the car, the consignee is obliged to inspect it inside and make sure that the container is intact and that there are no scattered (spilled) explosives.
9. In the event that during loading and unloading operations it is found that a part of the explosive material is scattered (fell out of the package) or spilled, the head of these works must be guided by security measures in accordance with the emergency card for this cargo.
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Section 4, Subsection 2
Requirements for winches and for the performance of work with their use
6.2.1. Place of installation of winches, method of fixing them, as well as
the placement of blocks must be indicated in the PPR and satisfy
requirements DNAOP 0.00-1.03-93 "Rules for the device and safe
operation of cranes.
The place of installation of winches must be chosen in compliance with
the following requirements:
- the winch must be outside the lifting area
and movement of goods;
- the place where the winch is to be installed must provide
employees have good observation of the load being lifted;
- the necessary fixing of the rope must be ensured and
its correct direction. The rope leading to the winch must not
cross roads and passages for people. In the case when such
crossing is unavoidable, in places of passage or passage it is necessary
install safety barriers
"Careful! The zone is not safe!" (" Carefully! Dangerous zone") and set
observer.
When installing the winch indoors, its frame must be fixed
with a steel rope: either for a building column, or for reinforced concrete or
metal crossbar of the building overlap, or behind a brick wall.
The diameter and number of rope branches must be calculated based on
lifting capacity of the winch with a safety factor of at least 6.
The end of the tying rope must be secured with clamps
the number of which is determined during design, but they should
be at least three. Clamp spacing and free end length
rope from the last clamp should be at least six
rope diameters.
When installing winches on the ground, they must be secured: either to
anchor, or with emphasis and counterweight.
The stability of the winch must be checked by calculation.
It is forbidden to weld the winch frame.
6.2.2. Winches used for lifting and lowering mobile
scaffolding and cradles, must comply with the requirements of DNAOP 0.00-1.03-93
"Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes".
They must be fixed on the foundation or on the frame of the winch there must be
ballast firmly attached to it - to ensure stability
winches at double working load.
6.2.3. It is forbidden, regardless of the location of the winch - in
building or outside it, weld manual lever winches to platforms
maintenance of equipment, as well as fix them to pipelines and their
pendants.
6.2.4. It is not allowed to work with winches, during inspection
which defects are found.
Should be taken out of service and replaced
the following parts of winches are serviceable:
- cast iron drums - in the presence of cracks or broken edges
flange. In steel drums, it is allowed to weld cracks and
insert broken parts of the flanges with appropriate edge processing
cracks and insertion points of these parts;
- gears - in the absence of part of the teeth (one or more) or
in the presence of cracks in any place (welding of cracks is not allowed);
- winch gears with manual drive- when the teeth are worn more than
20% of their original thickness and gear winches with electric
drive - when the teeth are worn more than allowed. Forbidden
weld and weld teeth;
- deformed cases of manual lever winches, faulty
safety parts, worn friction parts of traction
mechanisms (compresses - grooved grooves and trunnions), as well as deformed
figured cutouts of earrings and hooks;
- bearings - in the presence of cracks or broken edges, as well as
bearing bushings - if they have a gap of more than 0.6 mm - for
winch with electric drive, as well as with wear of more than 2%
original diameter - for winches with manual drive;
- broken brake parts and winch brake parts with
electric drive - if they have developed holes,
which increase the dead stroke by more than 10%. The size
"dead" running should be checked when the pads are clamped;
- shafts and axles of electrically driven winches - if they have
"worked out keyways, shells, sags, delaminations, cracks
as well as in the presence of a gap of more than 0.6 mm (after removing burrs on
necks);
- shafts of winches with a manual drive - when the wear of the necks is more than 4%
initial diameter, curvilinearity - more than 3 mm per 1 m of length;
- ratchets - in the absence of teeth or in the presence of cracks;
- dogs - in the presence of chipped places on their persistent part;
- elastic couplings - if they have broken fingers,
worn brake pulley and scoring on the brake surface;
- brake pads - if they have worn linings
more than 0.5 of their original thickness.
6.2.5. Before commissioning, after overhaul and
periodically, every 12 months, winches must pass
technical examination in accordance with the requirements of DNAOP
lifting cranes".
When carrying out a technical examination, it is necessary
measure the insulation resistance of electrical equipment with a megger
voltage of 1000 V, which must be at least 0.5 MΩ, as well as
it is necessary to check the reliability of the grounding of the housings.
Not allowed for further use and subject to drying
electrical equipment of winches, the insulation resistance of which is less than
0.5 MΩ.
6.2.6. During technical examination, testing of winches
must be carried out on a special test stand, and with it
absence - on a flat specially equipped platform that allows
rotate the winch drum under load by at least two
turnover.
In this case, the test load of winches must correspond to
load specified in paragraph 6.1.7 of these Rules.
6.2.7. Not subject to dynamic testing, traction winches with
manual and electric drives.
6.2.8. When conducting a static test of winches with
electric and manual rope must be on the last layer
windings. To obtain a drum diameter corresponding to the last
winding layer, it is allowed to cover it with wooden bars.
The increased diameter of the drum must be: 0 + 100 mm - for
winches with three layers of winding and O + 200 mm - for winches with five
layers.
To test the winch on the drum must be left at least
five turns of a rope attached to it; the remaining rope is needed
unwind and pass through the tap-off blocks of the test circuit.
The free end of the rope should be attached to the test weight.
After that, the load must be lifted to a height of 100 mm and held
in this position for 10 minutes.
Static testing of winches can also be carried out using
checked serviceable dynamometer, maintaining for 10 minutes
appropriate permanent load.
When testing a winch with a manual lever drive, it can be
hang from a tripod or any other structure,
double load winch.
The winch is considered to have passed the test if left
suspended, the test weight does not spontaneously fall.
6.2.9. Static test of winches intended for lifting
people, should be carried out with a load 1.5 times higher than their
load capacity.
6.2.10. The dynamic test of winches consists in repeated
lifting and lowering the test load to a height of at least 1 m.
This test must be carried out at least 6 times. Load lifting
must be carried out in the first position of the controller.
During the test, the lifted load is stopped and
check the absence of its spontaneous lowering. Then cargo
lifted from the position in which it was stopped (without lowering
him to the ground).
The braking system of the winch is checked by stopping the load on the descent. At
winches with an electric drive, the load is lowered both with the help of
electric motor, and releasing the drum when the
electric motor, checking during this operation the reliability
brake operation, no heating brake pads above 60 °С and
all bearings above 70 °C, no abnormal noise in operation
gears, smudges and ejection of oil from bearings, and
as well as other defects.
6.2.11. If defects are found during testing of winches
the test must be carried out again after these defects have been eliminated.
If no defects are found during testing,
the winch is considered to have passed the test.
6.2.12. Work with winches must be carried out with
condition:
- reliable fastening of winches in the workplace;
- serviceability of brakes;
- serviceability of the electric drive;
- the presence of a drive guard;
- reliable fastening of the rope on the drum, and its correct
winding (without the appearance of loops, loosening of the rope, etc.).
It is necessary to operate the winch manually with the use of gloves.
Repairing or tightening loose connections is permitted.
only after the winch is taken out of operation.
6.2.13. The metal parts of the winches must be grounded "under
bolt" - for winches with electric drive; for winches with manual
DRIVE, such grounding of all metal parts is necessary
perform in case of work on overhead lines
energized power lines.
It is forbidden to weld the ground to the winch frame.
6.2.14. The winch rope, when properly wound, should rest on
drum in even dense rows; distance between top layer
coiled rope and the outer diameter of the flange must be at least
two rope diameters. In the lower position of the lifting device
winches on the drum must remain at least 1.5 turns of the rope, not
counting the turns under the clamping device.
To reduce the overturning moment acting on the winch,
the rope must approach the drum from below. In addition, the position
the branch of the rope running onto the drum should, if possible,
close to horizontal and deviate no more than 2°
from flat. bone perpendicular to the axis of the drum. For this, in the case
necessary, on the approaches to the winch, the rope must be passed through
one or more outlet blocks. Distance from drum axle to axle
the nearest to the winch side unit must be at least 20
drum length.
6.2.15. When lifting loads simultaneously with two winches
winch designs must be selected so that the speed
the windings of the ropes on the drums were the same. lift a load
necessary under the supervision of a worker responsible for the safety
performance of work on the movement of goods, and in the presence of PPR.
6.2.16. Ropes at the points of their attachment to the cradle and drum
winches must be firmly fixed. The movement of the ropes during lifting and
the lowering of the cradles must be free.
The friction of the ropes on the protruding structures is not allowed. Cradles with
which do not perform work, must be lowered to the ground.
6.2.17. Manual winches must be equipped with: or
safety handles engaged with the drive shaft
only if they are rotated in the direction of the rise, or automatically
operating load-resistant brake, excluding the possibility
spontaneous lowering of the load.
Winches not equipped with automatic brakes or
safety handle, may only be used as a
traction, which should be indicated in the winch passport.
Hand winch handles must be equipped with
freely rotating bushings.
6.2.18. When performing work using winches with manual
drive, the number of workers serving the winch is necessary
determine, guided by the specific working conditions and the calculated
the effort that the worker performing work using the winch,
should be applied to the handle.
The force applied to the handle by one worker must not
exceed 120 N (12 kgf); allowed for short periods
increase the force to 200 N (20 kgf).
6.2.19. Not allowed when performing work using winches
with manual lever drive:
- be in the swing plane of the lever and under the lifted load;
- use a lever that is longer than intended
technical data of the winch;
- move the lever from one extreme position to another in jerks.
When performing work, the transported cargo must be securely fastened to
hook. The movement of the reverse handle must be smooth, without
jerks and seizures; the traction mechanism and the rope must always
be on the same line.
6.2.20. It is not allowed to carry out work using lever
winches in case of slippage of the rope in the event of a change in direction
movement of the forward stroke handle, with its free passage in
compression of the traction mechanism, as well as when cutting the safety
pins or fasteners.
6.2.21. Change travel from forward to reverse when lifting a load
winches with electric drive is necessary only after stopping
winches, and when the load approaches the extreme positions - after deceleration
move.
If defects are found in the electric drive (strong heating
electric motor, electromagnet coils, resistors, bearings;
strong sparking of the motor brushes or the appearance of smoke, smell
burning; sensation of the action of the current in contact with the parts of the winch and
etc.) must immediately stop working and turn off
winch motors from the power supply.
6.2.22. Winches designed to lift people must have
design and control scheme in accordance with DNAOP requirements
0.00-1.03-93 "Rules for design and safe operation
lifting cranes".
6.2.23. When operating winches, it is necessary to
lubricate all moving parts - to prevent premature
wear of winch parts.
6.2.24. Before the admission to work with the use of the winch, it is necessary
check:
- the presence of an unexpired date of technical examination
winches;
- compliance with those specified in the PPR: installation location, method
fixing the winch and placing blocks;
- reliability of fastening the rope to the winch drum, the absence
oblique tension and condition of the rope, correct positioning of the rope
on blocks;
- serviceability of brakes and electric drive;
- the presence of a drive fence.
During the execution of work, it is necessary to monitor the correctness
winches, for the correct winding of the winch rope on the drum, do not
allowing it to slip onto the winch shaft.
