When the organization acquires a car, then an accountant is the difficult task of choice for the depreciation group number. The depreciation group number is determined by its type, class (for passenger transport), a lifting capacity (for cargo transport) and the purpose of the car (cars for disabled people, communal transport, evacuators, etc.). This information accountant can learn from the passport of the vehicle, which provides the main characteristics of the vehicle and without which it cannot be allowed to traffic.

Do not fall into the trap.

Often accountants type of car It is determined according to its category indicated in the 4th column of the passport of the vehicle (TCP). If the category "B" - considers an accountant that this is a car, the category "C" truck, and "D" - a bus. But, contrary to popular belief, type of caris not determined by the category specified in the 4 TCP column.

For example, a category as "B" can be assigned to trucks if their mass does not exceed 3.5 tons. And "C", if their mass is more than 3.5 tons.

Buses can be assigned a category "B" (if they are not intended for transportation of more than 8 passengers, like seven-seater UAZ 2206 (9) -04 or six-bed GAZ-2217 Barguzin-Business) or category "D" (if they can carry more than 8 passengers As a 13-bed "Gazelle" GAZ-32213 or 17-seater Ford transit 430).

First of all, to determine the type of car you need to look at 3 Count PTS "Name, Type TC", which indicates the design features of the car.

We study TCP - Count 3 "Name (TIC TAS)"

From this graph in most cases, you can determine what type of this car belongs to: passenger, cargo, bus. But the order of filling in this graph of the TCP allows to indicate and its purpose: "Cargo-passenger", "Universal", "Sanitary", "Collector", "Crane", "Cementing". If from the purpose of the car specified in the Count 3 TCP difficult to understand which type of transport can be attributed, then you need to go through the next step.

Meet the car encoding system.Count 2 TCP "Model, Mark TC"

The conditional designation of the model (brand) of the vehicle is indicated in the 2 TCP column. For automobiles of domestic production, the designation of models is practiced in accordance with the industry standard. According to this document, the model of the Russian auto industry has alphabetically-cyfroval designation. In the designation of the model, the letters are an abbreviation of the manufacturer, and the numbers indicate the class, type, model number, its modification and type of execution.

The type of car is determined by the second digit in the designation of its model. Cars are encrypted with a number "1", buses digit "2". If the second digit of the model "3", then this is a cargo on-board car or pickup, under the digit "4" hides a truck tractor, under the "5" - dump truck. For the designation of the tanks, the number "6" is assigned, and for the figures of the number "7". Special vehicles are hiding at the number "9".

For example,

GAZ-2 car 7 057- is a van, since the second digit of the model is "7", VAZ 2 models 1 90, UAZ Hunter Welcome 3 1 5195-162-01- passenger cars, since the second digit model - "1", model UAZ 3 3 03- Cargo on-board car - the second digit in its designation "3", model UAZ 2 2 06-94- is a bus, since the model type is indicated by the number "2".

But it happens that the designation of the car model and its name indicated in columns 2 and 3 of the TCP does not allow to determine the type of transport. For example, foreign cars model (mark) may not have a digital designation). In this case, only the answer from the competent authorities (traffic police, customs) and organizations producers who have the right to issue TCP will help to eliminate doubts. On a fee basis, it is possible to specify the type of vehicle in the Research Institute of Automotive and Automotive and Transport.

• cars;

• motorcycles and motor scooters;

• buses;

• trucks;

• other self-propelled machines and mechanisms on a pneumatic and caterpillar;

• boats, motorboats and other water vehicles;

• yachts and other sailing and motor vessels;

• hydrocycles;

• aircraft, helicopters;

• noncommodating (towed) courts and others.

Category definition

When determining the types of automobiles and assigning them to the category of cargo or passenger cars, you need to be guided by the data of the passport passport (TCP). This procedure is confirmed by the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of August 13, 2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137 and dated October 21, 2010 No. 03-05-06-04 / 251, FTS of Russia of February 15, 2012 No. BS -4-11 / 2450 and dated December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769.

The type and category of the vehicle are indicated in rows 3 and 4 of the TCP on the basis of the Convention on Road Traffic (Vienna, November 8, 1968), ratified by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on April 29, 1974 No. 5938-VIII (Regulations approved by joint order Of June 23, 2005 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 496, Ministry of Industry and Commission of Russia No. 192, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia No. 134).

Under the types of vehicle is understood as the characteristic of the car, determined by its design features and purpose (cargo, passenger, bus, etc.). Categories of the TC can be allocated five:

1) A - motorcycles, scooters and other motorcycles;

2) B - cars, the allowed maximum mass of which does not exceed 3,500 kg and the number of seats of which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight;

3) C - cars, with the exception of the category-related "D", the allowed maximum mass of which exceeds 3500 kg;

4) D - cars intended for the transport of passengers and having more than 8 seats, in addition to the driver's seat;

5) E - trailer - a vehicle intended for movement in the composition with a vehicle. This term includes semi-trailers.

If the data on the category (type) of the vehicle specified in the TCP does not allow to unambiguously determine the tax rate, then this issue should be solved in favor of the organization (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Situation: what category of vehicles when calculating the transport tax includes a car: to passenger or cargo. T-TC TCP indicated "Cargo", Category - "B"?

The car refers to the category of freight vehicles.

An indication of the TCP category "B" does not indicate that the car belongs to the passenger transport. The category "B" can be assigned both passenger and trucks (Annex 3 to the Regulation approved by the joint order of June 23, 2005. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 496, Ministry of Industry 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Therefore, in the situation under consideration, the transport tax is needed, taking into account the type of vehicle specified in the 3 TCP string. If the category of the car is simultaneously indicated in the TCP - "B" and the type of means - the "cargo", then the transport tax is counting like from a truck. In addition, you can use the marking of transport, which is provided in the 2 TCP string. The second sign of the digital designation of the TC model indicates its type (view of the car). For example: "1" - passenger car, "7" - vans, "9" - special.

Similar explanations are contained in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 13, 2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137, dated October 21, 2010 No. 03-05-06-04 / 251, on March 19, 2010 No. 03- 05-05-04 / 05 and the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated April 7, 2016 No. SA-4-7 / 6024.

Situation: what type of vehicle vehicles on the TCP when calculating the transport tax include truck cranes on the basis of trucks: to self-propelled car or cargo cars?

Autocrats belong to the category of trucks.

Autocran mounted on the basis of trucks belong to the category of freight vehicles. Such a conclusion can be done on the basis of the data of the table, in which the comparative analysis of the categories of vehicles according to the CVT classification of UNECE and on the classification of the Convention on Road Traffic.

The legitimacy of this approach is confirmed by the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of January 17, 2008. No. 03-05-04-01 / 1 and arbitration practice (see, for example, Decisions of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of July 17, 2007 No. 2965/07, FAS West Siberian District of October 3, 2011 No. A46-14465 / 2010, FAS of the Volga-Vyatka District of September 24, 2009 No. A29-133 / 2009).

Situation: what category TS, when calculating tax, include Cars UAZ-3962, UAZ-2206 category "B": to buses or passenger cars?

Calculate the transport tax is needed taking into account the type of vehicle specified in the line 3 of the TCP (letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of August 13, 2012 No. 03-05-06-04 / 137, of January 17, 2008 No. 03-05-04-01 / one). In addition, you can use the marking of the vehicle, which is brought in line 2 of the TCP. The second sign of the digital designation model of the transport model indicates its type (view of the car). For example: "1" - passenger car, "7" - vans, "9" - special. Similar clarifications are contained in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of March 19, 2010 No. 03-05-05-04 / 05 and the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated April 7, 2016 No. SA-4-7 / 6024.

If the type of vehicle ("cargo", "passenger", "bus", etc.) is impossible to determine, refer to the comparative table of the categories of vehicles according to the KWC of the UNECE and the Classification of the Convention. In the comparative table, buses refer to the category "D". Therefore, if the "B" category is indicated in the PTS of the sanitary van, then it is not a bus. In arbitration practice there are examples of judicial decisions, which recognize that the category "B", indicated in the TCP of cars UAZ-3962, UAZ-2206, confirms the classification of this vehicle as a passenger car (see, for example, the definition of you of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2007 No. 1369/07, Resolution of the FAS of the West Siberian District of October 18, 2006 No. F04-6867 / 2006 (27536-A81-15), the East Siberian District of March 12, 2009 No. A58-3798 / 08- F02-869 / 09, North-West District of July 17, 2006 No. A05-1765 / 2006-13).

In cases where data on the category (type) of the vehicle specified in the TCP does not allow to unambiguously determine the tax rate, the Federal Tax Service of Russia recommends the tax inspections to solve this issue in favor of organizations (a letter of December 1, 2009 No. 3-3-06 / 1769).

Situation: what category of vehicles when calculating transport tax include karry dump trucks "BelAZ"?

Career dump trucks "BelAZ" refer to the category of other self-propelled vehicles, machines and mechanisms on a pneumatic and caterpillar move. This is stated in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 27, 2008 No. 03-05-05-04 / 12, of May 31, 2006 No. 03-06-04-04 / 21. The legitimacy of this approach is confirmed by arbitration practice (see, for example, the definition of the RF litter of the Russian Federation of January 31, 2007 No. 29/07, the Resolution of the Ural District of October 22, 2007 No. F09-8633 / 07-C3, on March 26, 2007 № F09-1943 / 07-C3).

Classification transport tools - This is the distribution of various cars into groups, classes and categories. Depending on the type of construction, the parameters of the power part, destination or features that have certain vehicles, the classification provides for several such categories.

Vehicle (TC) is a technical device for transporting people and / or cargo. In contrast to the lifting and lifting and transport devices, vehicles are used, as a rule, for transportation on relatively long distances.

According to the classifier of vehicles of international transportation, trailer - This is a vehicle without an engine, intended for the transport of passengers or goods, the vertical load of which is transmitted to the support surface through the wheels and which is adapted for towing by the car.

The rolling lineup of automotive transport is currently a wide range of vehicles, various specifications and purpose. In order to streamline the classification of vehicles ⭐ A number of criteria are adopted serving their characteristic features. Based on these features, vehicles are divided into groups with common properties and characteristics.

In order to distinguish the area of \u200b\u200bvehicles to be given this classification, the term "road transport" was determined, allocated from the whole range of vehicles that are operated mainly on the automotive roads of general use of all categories. Outside this classification remains other wheelless gelly transport, which is not intended for their mass and dimensional characteristics to move on public roads. This, for example, career transport, all-terrain vehicles, airfield and mine tractors, etc.

According to the current rules of the road, the following overall indicators are currently adopted for road vehicles:

• in height - not more than 4 m from the road surface
• length - no more than 12 m for a truck, bus, trolley buses and trailer, not more than 15.18 m for an articulated bus or trolleybus
• in width - no more than 2.60 m for vehicles with isothermal body, no more than 2.63 m for the car KRAZ, MAZ-509A, MAZ-543 car, not more than 2.55 m for other vehicles

The total length of the road train must be no more than 20 m.

Currently, the classification of two species is used - by types and in categories of vehicles. Classification by types is the most common in our country, for many years applied in the USSR, continues to be used in many regulatory documents related to vehicles (state standards, road rules, etc.). In addition, this classification is applied when registering vehicles. The scheme of the classification of vehicles by type is shown in the figure.

Fig. Classification scheme of vehicles by type

As the criterion of the most common unit of vehicles, the presence of the engine is used. In this case, vehicles are divided into mechanical, equipped, and towed, not equipped with an engine.

Mechanical and one or more towed vehicle can create a combined vehicle called a road tray if it consists of a car and connected to it using a hitch of one or more trailers.

Mechanical vehicles are divided:

• on cars
• on motor vehicles
• on tractors

Car - This is a mechanical vehicle, which is driven by the source of energy, has at least four wheels located at least two axes, is intended for movement on fire roads and is used to transport people and (or) cargo towing vehicles intended for Transportation of people and / or cargo, performing special works. This term also applies to vehicles, which are powered by a constant electric current from the suspension contact network (trolleybuses), as well as three-wheeled vehicles, which exceeds 400 kg.

Under the overall mass is understood to be a complete shipping mass of the vehicle together with a mass of coolant, lubricants, a glasswater fluid, fuel (tank, filled with at least 90% of nominal capacity), spare wheels, fire extinguishers, standard set of spare parts, anti-tottacking stops, standard Tool set.

Motor vehicle - This is a single-wheel two-wheeled mechanical vehicle.

Tractor - This is a mechanical vehicle used to implement a pressure or traction by means of equipment mounted on it.

Towable vehicles are divided:

• on trailers
• on semi-trailers

Trailer - This is a vehicle without an engine, intended for the transport of passengers or goods, in which the entire vertical load is transmitted to the support surface through its wheels, and adapted to tow-towed by car.

Semitrailer - This is a trailer that, by its design, is intended for use with a truck tractor and part of the total mass of which is transmitted to the truck tractor through the seven-hitch.

A characteristic feature of the car division is their main purpose. It can serve for the transport of passengers or transportation of goods (special equipment).

Passenger car - This is a car that, according to its design and equipment, is designed to transport passengers and baggage with the provision of necessary comfort and safety. At the same time, the passenger car with the number of seats for sitting no more than nine, including the driver's seat, is called passenger, and more nine - by the bus.

For transportation of cargo Applied truck. If the chassis of a truck is used to transport special equipment (truck crane, auto drive, drilling rig, etc.), a certain cargo (tank truck, concrete mixer) or equipped with loading and unloading means, then such a car refers to special.

Cars and saddle tractors are also used for the carriage of goods, which carry out their function by towing trailers and semi-trailers.

There are a number of intermediate types of vehicles characterized by any particular feature. For example, a one-storey bus with a number of seats for no more than 17, including the driver's seat, is called a minibus; The car, which in its design and equipment is intended for the transport of passengers and cargo, is called a cargo-passenger; A trailer intended for use in road conditions during standings as a mobile dwelling is called a caravan.

Despite such clarifications such as vehicles, they still belong to the types of buses, a truck and trailer, respectively.

The classification of vehicles by category is more determined in terms of the definition of transport separation by criteria and corresponds to the "Consolidated Construction of Vehicle Design" of the UNECE. It is precisely according to this classification to vehicles that international regulatory legal acts are subject to the vehicles.

In categories, vehicles are shared as follows:

• category L1 is a two-wheeled vehicle in which the operating volume of the engine in the case of an internal combustion engine does not exceed 50 cm3 and the maximum calculated speed with any engine does not exceed 50 km / h;
• category L2 is a three-wheeled vehicle with any location of the wheels in which the operating volume of the engine in the case of an internal combustion engine does not exceed 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine does not exceed 50 km / h;
• category L3 - Motorcycle - a two-wheeled vehicle in which the operating engine capacity in the case of an internal combustion engine exceeds 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine exceeds 50 km / h;
• category L4 - a motorcycle with a carriage - a vehicle with three wheels, asymmetric with respect to an average longitudinal plane, in which the engine operating volume in the case of an internal combustion engine exceeds 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine exceeds 50 km / h (motorcycles with a carriage );
• category L5 - tricycle - vehicle with three wheels, symmetric with respect to the average longitudinal plane, in which the operating volume of the engine in the case of an internal combustion engine exceeds 50 cm3 or the maximum calculated speed with any engine exceeds 50 km / h;
• category C6 - Easy Quadricycle - a four-wheeled vehicle, unloaded mass of which does not exceed 350 kg without taking into account the mass of batteries for an electric vehicle and the maximum calculated speed does not exceed 50 km / h, characterized by:
  • when installing an internal combustion engine with forced ignition - an engine working volume not exceeding 50 cm3, or
  • when installing an internal combustion engine of another type - maximum effective power not exceeding 4 kW, or
  • when installing an electric motor - the nominal maximum power in the long-term load mode not exceeding 4 kW;
• category L7 - quadricycle - a four-wheeled vehicle, the unloaded mass of which does not exceed 400 kg (550 kg - for a vehicle intended for the transport of goods) without taking into account the mass of batteries for the electric vehicle and the maximum efficient engine power does not exceed 15 kW;

• category M1 - vehicles used for the transport of passengers having in addition to the driver's seat no more than eight seats;
• category M2 - vehicles used for the transport of passengers having in addition to the driver's seat of more than eight seats, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 5 tons;
• category M3 - vehicles used for the transport of passengers, having in addition to the driver's seat of more than eight seats, the maximum mass of which exceeds 5 tons;

• category N1 - vehicles intended for the transport of goods, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 3.5 tons;
• category N2 - vehicles intended for the carriage of goods, the maximum mass of which exceeds 3.5 tons, but does not exceed 12 tons;
• category N3 - vehicles intended for the transport of goods, the maximum mass of which exceeds 12 tons;

• category O1 - trailers, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 0.75 tons;
• category O2 - trailers, the maximum mass of which is more than 0.75 tons, but does not exceed 3.5 tons;
• category O3 - trailers, the maximum mass of which is more than 3.5 tons, but does not exceed 10 tons;
• category O4 - trailers, the maximum mass of which exceeds 10 tons.

In this classification, there is a certain difficulty in clarifying the requirements according to which the vehicles of the M1 category can be attributed to the category this can be done when performing the following conditions:

• the number of seats does not exceed six, while it is believed that the seat for seating is available if the vehicle is equipped with "available" attachments for seats. Under the "available" implies attachments that can be used to install seats. In order for the attachments were not "affordable", the manufacturer must prevent the possibilities of using them, for example by welding with butt linings or installation of similar fixed parts that cannot be removed using conventional tools;
• the condition p- (M + N 68)\u003e N 68 is ensured, where p is the technically permissible mass of the vehicle, kg; M - the mass of the vehicle in the currency, kg; N - the number of seats, in addition to the driver's seat.

Since 68 kg - the average estimated passenger mass without baggage, the last condition should be understood in this way: the vehicle's load capacity must more than twice the mass of all passengers on its board or the maximum allowed weight of the cargo on board the vehicle at full loading of it Passengers should be greater than the total mass of all passengers on board.

Under the technically permissible maximum mass is understood as the maximum mass of the exhaust vehicle with a cargo (passengers), installed by the manufacturer as the maximum permissible according to operational documentation.

With a state technical inspection, there are often situations when it is necessary to determine the compliance between the types and categories of vehicles. Subject to categories to the main types of vehicles located in the registration base of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus are presented in Table:

Table. Compliance with categories of vehicles

Type of vehicle		Notes
Passenger car	M1.
Bus		At maximum mass no more than 5 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 5 tons
Minibus		With passes up to 17 seats
Freight car		At maximum mass of not more than 3.5 tons with a maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons, but not more than 12 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 12 tons
Tractor and saddle tractor
Cargo-passenger car	According to category N classification
Trailer and semi-trailer		At maximum mass of not more than 0.75 tons with a maximum mass of more than 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons, but not more than 10 tons
		At maximum mass of more than 10 tons
Motorcycle		In the absence of a stroller
		In the presence of a stroller
Scooter		With two wheels
		If there are three wheels
Motocolus		At maximum weight up to 400 kg
	M1.	At maximum mass of more than 400 kg

The overall rolling stock of modern road transport is now a fairly wide and diverse range of means of movement.

Each car is a unique for the purpose and the common characteristics of the vehicle.

In order to effectively streamline and classify the means of movement, a certain number of criteria was adopted, which are simultaneously individual characteristic features of each car.

It is on the basis of these features that can be divided into groups that have common characteristics and properties.

To highlight the area of \u200b\u200btransport automotive products belonging to this category, "road transport" was installed. This unit has allocated those machines from the whole range of cars that are exploited strictly on general use roads.

Over the scope of this category, all other types of fine transport are located, which is not intended for their sizes and mass for the tracks of ordinary public use. This includes various types of career transport, all-terrain vehicles, shafts and airfields.

The operating rules of the road for cars belonging to the category of vehicles, special overall parameters are provided:

All these are the main parameters inherent in contemporary vehicles related to the category of road traffic. The classification of vehicles by category is carried out by type, by appointment.

Transport classification by type

At the moment, the classification by car type is increasingly. This is not just a distribution, but the official decision that is used in all regulatory papers and documents - state standards, traffic rules and so on.

At the same time, the classification is used in the process of registration of modern vehicles.

The category of installed engine is used as the general functional division of the means of movement.

On this basis, modern vehicles are divided into mechanical, equipped with an engine, as well as towed, not having a similar one.

Mechanical and one or more towed cars are able to create a special combined means. In the official language, he has the name of the road train.

This design consists of the most driven car and connected to it one or more trailers.

Modern mechanical vehicles can be divided into the following types:

1. Standard cars.
2. Motor transport means.
3. Tractors.

Cars are modern mechanical vehicles driven by a certain source of energy. Among other important characteristics of modern cars can be noted:

• the presence of at least four wheels located on two axes;
• the vehicle is designed to move on roads without rails;
• cars can be used as for the transport of goods and to move people. From can be used to perform special works.

The term "cars" applies to means of movement, in which the engines are powered by a constant electric current running through the suspension contact network if these are trolleybuses. It can also be special three-wheeled cars, the total mass of which is not more than 400 kg.

The total exercise weight includes the weight of such elements as:

1. Full shipment of the car.
2. Cooling fluid volume.
3. Weight of lubricants.
4. Marsomomer liquid mass.
5. The weight of the fuel, that is, the tank, filled with at least 90% of the established nominal volumetric capacity.
6. Mass of spare wheels, fire extinguishers, tools and spare parts.

Modern motor vehicles are special single-wheel two-wheeled mechanical means of movement.

As for tractors, these are mechanical vehicles that are used to implement traction or pressure efforts through the equipment reliably mounted in it.

Modern towed vehicles can be divided into trailers and semi-trailers.

In the first case, these vehicles that do not have an engine or cargo, in which the vertical load is transmitted to the entire support surface through the installed wheels. Trailers in their design are adapted for towing cars.

Semi-trailers are the same trailers that according to the peculiarities of their design are intended for use simultaneously with the saddle tractor. A part of the total weight is transmitted in this case to the truck tractor through the coupling truck.

Classification of cars by category

Modern classification of cars by category is more accurate and clear. This distribution form is fully consistent with the total consolidated resolution of the UNECE car division.

Based on this qualification, all vehicles are subject to special regulatory legal acts. The division in the category is carried out as follows.

TC categories for technical regulations L, M, O, deserves special attention. These are mechanical means of movement that have four or more wheels. The category about includes trailers and semi-trailers, which are also distributed to certain categories.

The division into categories in the table is as follows:

Category division	Characteristics
L1.	Modern two-wheeled vehicle, where the operating volume of the engine does not exceed 50 cm3, and the maximum speed reaches 50 km / h
L2.	Three-wheeled vehicle with different positions of wheels. The engine volume with internal combustion does not exceed 50 cm3, and the level of maximum speed is not higher than 50 km / h
L3.	Motorcycles or two-wheeled vehicles with a motor 50 cm3 and a maximum speed of no more than 50 km / h
L4.	Motorcycles with a stroller, that is, the vehicle is equipped with three wheels. The engine has a power of 50 cm3, and the maximum speed when calculating exceeds 50 km / h
L5	Method of movement category tricycles. The wheels are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane. Speed \u200b\u200band motor parameters here are standard
L6.	Light quad bikes having four wheels. The unloaded mass of these means of movement does not exceed 350 kg. At the same time, the weight of batteries is not taken into account. The estimated maximum speed level does not exceed 50 km / h
L7	Quad bikes, that is, four-wheeled vehicles, the mass of which ranges from 400-550 kg. The power of the data of vehicles does not exceed 15 kW
M1.	Methods of movement that are used to transport passengers
M2.	Means that transport passengers or a small cargo to 5 tons
M3.	Machines capable of transporting load more than 5 tons
N1.	Means used for shipping weight up to 3.5 tons
N2.	Cars intended for the carriage of goods. The maximum mass can be more than 3.5 tons, but should not be above 12 tons
N3	Mobile means intended for shipping, the mass of which can be slightly higher than 12 tons
O1.	Trailers up to 0.75 tons
O2.	Constructions, more by weight indicators 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons
O3.	Trailers, the maximum mass of which can exceed 3.5 tons, but not more than 10 tons
O4.	Trailers, by weight exceeding 10 tons

All modern cars are divided into signs of their primary purpose. Vehicles serve to transport passengers or for the transport of goods in the form of special equipment.

There are two main categories of cars:

• passenger;
• designed for transportation of goods.

Modern passenger cars are a means of movement, the design of which and equipment are intended for transporting a certain number of passengers and baggage. At the same time, passengers provide a high level of comfort and optimal safety.

If the number of passenger seats does not exceed nine together with the driver's place, it is a passenger car if the number of places more than nine, then this is a bus.

Cargo cars are vehicles whose chassis is used to transport special construction equipment - Avtovka, autocran or drilling rigs. Also transported can special cargo - a concrete mixer and tank trucks.

Modern cargo cars are equipped with special means of loading and unloading, which makes them more functional.

Special tractors can be used for shipping - simple or saddle. They produce their function with the help of towing semi-trailers and simple trailers.

Among the most popular vehicles can be noted:

• one-storey buses with a total number of seats are not more than 17 along with a driver's seat. These are modern minibuses;
• a vehicle that is intended for the equipment and the design is intended for shipping and passengers. There are combined vehicles - cargo-passenger;
• trailers intended for use in ordinary road conditions. They can be used as a mobile residential premises.

Special attention in this case deserves the calculation of the number of passenger seats. Similar places are taken into account only if they have special fixtures.

The fasteners are available for the passenger include mechanisms that are used strictly to install seats. Particular attention is paid to the method of their attachment.

Metal bases in this case should be carefully welded, it is important to fully eliminate their removal through standard tools.

Vehicles can be divided into species not only for general purpose, but also in special categories. Special letter notation is used here.

Conclusion

The distribution of vehicles in the category and subcategories is very important. With state technical inspection, there are quite often situations when it is required to establish exact compliance between categories and types of cars.

All data are checked with the information made to the registration of the GAI base.

For freight cargo used cargo rolling stock:
Trucks and car trailers of various carrying capacity (onboard, dump trucks, vans, including isothermal, tanks and others), high-pass vehicles, semi-trailer tractor cars. This part of the transport network also has its branched structure.

On various reasons, it looks like this:

By body type:
closed
Tentowed
container
Refrigerator (isothermal body)
Isothermal van
open
onboard
dump truck
playground
crane
Autotransporter
minibus
Lesovoz
tank
Sadel tractor

By groups:

I Group on-board cars (general-purpose cars)

Group II Specialized (dump trucks, vans, refrigerators, container trucks, semi-trailers, ballast tractors with trailers)

III Group (conditional) Cars-tanks

By the number of axes:
biaxial
Three-way
Four-axle
five and more

(on the most downloaded axis):
up to 6 tons inclusive
Over 6 tons to 10 tons inclusive

On the wheeled formula:
4x2.
4x4
6x4
6x6

According to the composition:
Single vehicle
Motor trail:
Car trailer
car-semi-trailer

By type of engine:
petrol
Diesel

For carrying capacity:
Malaya
Middle
large
from 1.5 to 16 tons
Over 16 tons

Such a variety of classification methods is explained by the need to allocate individual parameters of vehicles to select the latter during the carriage of goods on the basis of the optimal combination of efficiency, delivery speed, commercial suitability, safety, capacity, carrying capacity, etc. The list of listed grounds is approximate, as it can be continued, based on certain functional purpose of vehicles, their operational characteristics, the specifics of the transported goods, etc.

In addition to the above classification methods, it is 025,270-66, the classification and the system designation system of automotive rolling stock are introduced. So in relation trucks The following vehicle designation system (PBX) is adopted:

The 1st figure denotes the class of trucks for the full mass:

Note. Classes from 18 to 78 are backup and indexing is not included.

The 2nd figure denotes the type of PBX:
3 - cargo on-board car or pickup;
4 - truck tractor;
5 - dump truck;
6 - tank;
7 - van;
8 - backup digit;
9 - special vehicle.
The 3rd and 4th digits of index indicate the sequence number of the model;
5th digit - vehicle modification;
6th Digit - Execution Type:
1 - for cold climate;
6 - export performance for moderate climate;
7 - export performance for tropical climate.

Some motor vehicles have in their designation through the dash prefix 01, 02, 03, etc., which indicates that the model or modification is transitional or has additional configuration. In front of the digital index for this classification, in most cases, the letter notation of the manufacturer (for example, KAMAZ 5320) is indicated. The designations of car foreign brands, in most cases, consist of an alphabetic designation of the brand of the manufacturer and the factory sequence number of the model and modification.

Currently, the designations adopted in international security requirements (UNECE Rules) developed by the United Nations European Economic Commission Committee are becoming increasingly distributed. In accordance with the above rules, the following international classification of cargo PBXs is adopted: