The prestigious 'Engine of the Year' award went to the 2.7-litre engine in the Boxster and Cayman. What is the secret of success?
“Great engine for a great car. This "heart" of Porsche combines technical excellence, sporty performance and impressive efficiency," Dean Slavnich, representing Engine Technology International Magazine, justifies the decision of the jury. This British magazine has been presenting awards for outstanding engines for 15 years. The jury also praised the flexibility, performance and smooth operation of Porsche's smallest boxer engine.
This downsized sports engine is based on the 3.4-litre engine. In the Cayman, it works in conjunction with a Doppelkupplung (PDK) transmission and develops 275 hp. (202 kW), consuming 7.7 liters of fuel per 100 km (180 g / km CO 2) in the NEFZ cycle. At 101.6 bhp/l, this six-cylinder engine surpasses the magical limit of 100 bhp set for a sports engine. per liter volume.
The boxer engine from Porsche has thus become the winner of the best engines in the world for the fourth time. In 2007, Porsche won the 3 to 4 liter engine category with the Porsche 911 Turbo powertrain. In 2008, the 3.6-litre supercharged boxer engine with 480 hp won the no-limit engine class. In 2009, the 911 Carrera S 3.8-litre six-cylinder engine won the Best New Engine award. The best engines of the year in various categories were selected by 87 respected trade journalists from 35 countries. In addition to power, fuel consumption, technical characteristics and comfort, journalists also evaluated the advanced technologies used.
Benefits: compact and lightweight, spins up to high speeds and runs smoothly - for 50 years
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Porsche 911 and the six-cylinder boxer engine. The main advantages of the engine are a flat shape, low weight and compactness. The six-cylinder boxer engine features smooth operation. It lacks the so-called free moments and forces. In addition, boxer engines are very well suited to lower the vehicle's center of gravity. Horizontally arranged cylinders also contribute to this. And the lower the center of gravity, the sportier the driving characteristics of the car will be.
One of the most notable features of Porsche's six-cylinder boxer engines has been, and still is, reduced fuel consumption compared to engine power. This excellent performance is based on a general concept taken from motorsport. This concept features lightweight construction, easy spin up to high rpm and high power density thanks to an advanced gas exchange process.
It was the basic characteristics of these engines that led to the decision in favor of a boxer six-cylinder engine when the first 911 appeared. The result was an air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine with an axial fan - for high speed and for increased smoothness - and overhead camshafts . For the displacement of the engine, two liters were initially chosen with the possibility of a subsequent increase to 2.7 liters. At that time, none of the Porsche specialists could even imagine that an engine of this type in its basic form would last until 1998 and that its displacement would increase to 3.8 liters.
World premiere in 1963: the 2-litre Porsche engine
130 HP
At its world premiere at the 1963 Frankfurt am Main IAA International Exhibition, the first 911, then called the 901, was powered by a 130 hp 2.0-litre six-cylinder boxer engine. at 6100 rpm. The success of this new sports car made Porsche think of a more powerful engine, and as early as 1967, the 911 S debuted with a 160 hp engine. at 6600 rpm. Shortly thereafter, the base model received the designation 911 L, and later the 911 E. The engineers were particularly proud of the fact that, despite the more powerful engine and 90 hp, the service life of the 911 S power unit was not reduced.
The 911 has taken a strong position in the world market not only thanks to its powerful engine, but also due to advanced technologies. In 1968, for the first time in the US market, Porsche launched a sports car equipped with a low-emission engine. In doing so, Porsche has managed to do this without sacrificing power and with almost the same comfort, as well as meeting the requirements of American exhaust gas laws, namely the particularly strict regulations in force in California. The decrease in toxicity occurred due to the removal of exhaust gases to the intake system and to the thermoreactors. Porsche was the first company in Europe to install exhaust gas test benches for development work.
By the fall of 1968, Porsche began producing mechanical petrol injection systems with a six-piston pump. Together with the increase in the displacement of its engines, it increased their power and torque. In 1969, the six-cylinder engine first became a 2.2-liter, and two years later - a 2.4-liter. As a result, the power of the 911 S engines increased first to 180 hp and then to 190 hp. In 1971, the compression ratio was lowered so that all 911s could drive around the world on 91 octane gasoline. In close cooperation with Bosch, Porsche developed the improved K-Jetronic continuous injection system, which was first used in 1972 in intended for US market models.
1974 saw the debut of the first mass-produced turbocharged sports car, the 911 Turbo.
In 1973, the G model of the 911 generation was equipped with 2.7-liter engines capable of running on unleaded petrol with an octane rating of 91. In this way, Porsche once again confirmed that sports cars can also be environmentally friendly. In 1974, the premiere of the legendary car took place: Porsche introduced the 911 Turbo, the first mass-produced sports car with a turbocharger. The company's engineers have applied their rich experience in racing engines to the development of supercharged engines for production cars. The engine was based on the power unit 911 Carrera RS 3.0 with a capacity of 260 hp, with a torque of 343 Nm, accelerating the car to a maximum speed of over 250 km/h.
Work on the further improvement of the six-cylinder engine was accompanied by a gradual increase in displacement and power using the most modern technologies for cleaning exhaust gases. In 1980, Porsche launched the first boxer engines with catalytic converter and exhaust gas control. Three years later, she introduced a new generation of naturally aspirated engines with a displacement of 3.2 liters and digital electronics. All engines were now prepared to run on 91 octane unleaded petrol, a fuel that was not yet available in many European countries. However, when it appeared, it was possible to quickly adapt to new conditions. In 1988, Porsche further improved combustion processes and developed a cylinder head with two spark plugs per cylinder.
The pinnacle of technological progress was the 3.8-liter air-cooled naturally aspirated boxer engine for the 993 series, which developed 300 hp in the top-of-the-range 1995 911 Carrera RS. The 911 GT2 was produced in a small series, based on experience gained in motor racing. At first, its 3.6-liter twin-turbo engine developed 430 hp, and the 1998 model year engine developed 450 hp. The 911 Turbo was also equipped with two turbocharging systems. Equipped with the same OBD II emission control system, it became a real world premiere. 408 hp engine was developed on the basis of a 3.6-liter naturally aspirated engine. However, it has undergone such extensive modification that it can be said that it had its own individual design.
In 1996, the world premiere of Porsche's first water-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine took place.
A real breakthrough in the history of Porsche six-cylinder boxer engines was the drive of the new Boxter range, the world premiere of which took place in 1996. For the first time, Porsche has used a water-cooled power unit with a displacement of 2.5 liters and an output of 204 hp. No longer bound by the limitations of the former air-cooled six-cylinder engine, the developers fitted a cylinder head with two camshafts and four valves per cylinder to the new powertrain. A year later, the new 911 of the 996 series appeared, also equipped with a water-cooled engine. This 3.4-liter power unit was significantly shorter than its predecessor and, above all, flatter. Its power was 300 hp, and its rotational speed was much higher compared to a naturally aspirated engine. In addition, it was possible to adjust the intake camshafts, and the variable valve timing system VarioCam appeared. Two years later, this system was supplemented by a valve travel switching system. Since then, it has been called VarioCam Plus. However, the most important characteristics remained unchanged: a six-cylinder engine, a crankshaft on seven bearings, a dual-mass flywheel and a longitudinally divided engine housing. The new 911 Turbo has also been converted to water cooling. In 2000, a new 420 hp engine was installed on it. Work continued on increasing the displacement and power, as a result of which, in the mid-2000s, 3.6- and 3.8-liter boxer engines with 355 hp appeared.
In 2008, the 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S received clean-sheet petrol engines with direct injection. With the same working volume, they developed 345 hp. and 385 hp Engines for the Boxster and Cayman were also taken from the same family. Downsizing engines to improve fuel efficiency has been a major concern for engine developers since around 2008. On the basis of knowledge drawn from various areas, Porsche has developed new technology for the 911 991 series, which appeared in 2011: for example, the boxer engine in the 911 Carrera with 350 hp. received a working volume of 3.4 liters instead of the previous 3.6 liters. And the 400 hp Carrera S engine. became 3.8-liter. Both models make it clear that the 991 range has been geared towards maximum fuel efficiency: with a weight-to-weight ratio of 3.5 kilograms per hp, the new 911 Carrera S is ahead of its main competitors. The 911 Carrera and 911 Carrera S also show the highest performance in terms of fuel consumption in the NEFZ cycle: in the 911 Carrera it is 8.2 liters per 100 kilometers (194 g / km CO 2), and in the 911 Carrera S it is 8.7 liters per 100 kilometers (205 g/km CO 2) each with a Porsche Doppelkupplung gearbox.
The Boxster and Cayman are both in the two-seater roadster and coupe segment and have similar engine specifications. For their 2.7-litre engines, they won their category and were awarded the Engine of the Year award. The Boxster has a 265 hp engine. and consumes the same amount of fuel as the power unit of a Cayman with the same power. The Boxster S and Cayman S are powered by a 3.4-litre engine that delivers 315 hp in the roadster and 325 hp in the sports coupe. With the PDK gearbox, they consume 8.0 l/100 km (188 g/km CO2) in the NEFZ cycle.
With all this, Porsche proves that the six-cylinder boxer engine is not yesterday. And an excellent basis for the development of efficient sports engines of the future.
Why do we give such a guarantee?
- 1. Exact observance of factory technologies for restoring engine parts
- 2. Using only high-quality spare parts
- 3. Ensuring maximum assembly cleanliness
- 4. Only qualified masters
- 5. Many years of experience in the field of repair and tuning of car engines
- The warranty issue is very important. With a complete overhaul of the engine, we are completely confident in the quality of our work: in the quality of repair of parts, in the cleanliness of assembly, in the quality of spare parts, oils, liquids. We do not limit the mileage, but give a guarantee of 6 months, subject to routine maintenance. We carry out the first MOT (oil and filter change) after 1000 km or one month after the car is issued. The first maintenance allows us to check the levels of liquids, the absence of any leaks, fogging, the correct operation of all systems and components. Subsequent maintenance takes place every 7000 km, after the end of the warranty, we strongly recommend that you observe this service interval.
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Porsche 911 and the six-cylinder boxer engine. The main advantages of the engine are a flat shape, low weight and compactness. The six-cylinder boxer engine features smooth operation. It lacks the so-called free moments and forces. In addition, boxer engines are very well suited to lower the vehicle's center of gravity. Horizontally arranged cylinders also contribute to this. And the lower the center of gravity, the sportier the driving characteristics of the car will be.
One of the most notable features of Porsche's six-cylinder boxer engines has been, and still is, reduced fuel consumption compared to engine power. This excellent performance is based on a general concept taken from motorsport. This concept features lightweight construction, easy spin up to high rpm and high power density thanks to an advanced gas exchange process.
It was the basic characteristics of these engines that led to the decision in favor of a boxer six-cylinder engine when the first 911 appeared. The result was an air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine with an axial fan - for high speed and for increased smoothness - and overhead camshafts . For the displacement of the engine, two liters were initially chosen with the possibility of a subsequent increase to 2.7 liters. At that time, none of the Porsche specialists could even imagine that an engine of this type in its basic form would last until 1998 and that its displacement would increase to 3.8 liters.
The history of development
The emblem of the company is a coat of arms that carries the following information: red and black stripes and deer antlers are symbols of the German state of Baden-Württemberg (the capital of Baden-Württemberg is the city of Stuttgart), and the inscription "Porsche" and the prancing stallion in the center of the emblem remind of Stuttgart, which is native to the Stuttgart brand, was founded as a horse farm in 950. This logo first appeared in 1952, when the brand entered the US market, for better recognition. Prior to this, the hoods of the 356 simply had "Porsche" written on them.
1931-1948: from ideas to serial production
By the time the first car was released under his own name, Ferdinand Porsche had accumulated considerable experience.
In 1931 the enterprise Dr. ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH, of which he was the founder and leader, had already worked on such projects as the 16-cylinder Auto Union racing car and the Beetle, which became one of the best-selling cars in history.
In 1939, on the eve of World War II, the very first Porsche 64 was developed, in which the features of the future Porsche 356 model were already guessed. To build this instance, Ferdinand Porsche used many components from the famous Beetle.
Ferdinand Porsche Jr. continued his father's work. Having received an education and the first skills of independent work, he moves to Stuttgart to work in a company just created by his father.
During the Second World War, the company was engaged in the production of military products - staff vehicles and amphibians. Porsche also took part in the development of the Tiger tanks.
1948-1965: first steps
Since the end of 1945, when his father was imprisoned in France, Ferdinand Jr. moved the family business to the Austrian city of Gmünd, and also independently led production.
Together with Carl Rabe, Ferdinand assembled a prototype of the Porsche 356 and began preparing the model for its mass production. In June 1948 this example was certified for public roads. As well as nine years ago, units from VW Beetle were again used here.
The first production cars had a fundamental difference - the engine was moved behind the rear axle, which made it possible to reduce the cost of production and free up space for two additional seats in the cabin.
PORSCHE ENGINE DEVICE
ENGINE COMPONENTS
An internal combustion engine is an engine that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy of motion.
The complex interaction of many mechanical components is required to create kinetic energy by burning fuel.
inline engine
The cylinders in an in-line engine are located one behind the other, that is, in a row. This is the most commonly used engine configuration in automobiles.
Advantages:
- simple design
- economical production
- high running smoothness
Flaws:
- takes up more space
- high center of gravity
boxer engine
The cylinders in a boxer engine are opposite each other and slightly offset from each other.
Advantages:
- especially flat and short design
- lowered center of gravity
- high running smoothness
Flaws:
- complex design with a large number of components
V-engine
The cylinders in a V-shaped engine are grouped in two rows located at an angle of 60°-90° to each other. However, the angle can also be 180°. The difference between a 180° V-engine and a boxer engine is that in a boxer engine, each connecting rod is located on a separate crankshaft journal. In a V-shaped engine with an arrangement of cylinders at an angle of 180 °, one connecting rod journal is divided by two connecting rods, respectively.
Advantages:
- shorter overall length
- high running smoothness
- lowered center of gravity
VR Engine
Advantages:
- combination of narrow inline engine shape with short V-engine design
Flaws:
- uneven length of intake and exhaust strokes
W engine
In a classic W engine, the three rows are arranged in a "W" shape. The angles between the cylinders are less than 90°.
A special form of the W-shaped engine is the VR V-engine: with this type of engine, four rows of cylinders are arranged in two rows. The arrangement of cylinders in a row coincides with the arrangement of cylinders in the VR engine, and both rows of cylinders are located to each other as in a V-shaped engine.
Advantages:
Porsche-356
The Porsche 356 was first equipped with a modified 4-cylinder air-cooled engine from a Volkswagen car and had an open body. For a better distribution of mass along the axes on the prototype, Ferdinand Porsche installed the power unit within the chassis, but a variant with its rear arrangement went into production, which made it possible to increase the capacity of the passenger compartment. The first series "356" had a coupe body made of aluminum panels and was manufactured in the Austrian town of Gmünde, therefore it is known as the "Porsche-Gmünde". To make a name for the then little-known marque, several 356 series cars were raced and achieved good results. The usual road "Porsche-356" could be purchased at a relatively low price, so the demand for a sports car was huge.
To satisfy him, Porsche moved production to Stuttgart, where the Porsche 356 began to be produced with cheaper steel bodies. For production cars, a 4-cylinder boxer engine with a displacement of 1131 cm 3, also borrowed from Volkswagen, was used. Later, Porsche reduced the engine displacement to 1086 cm 3, while changing the shape of the camshaft cams and installing two carburetors with a falling flow. So the power of the base motor is 25 hp. at 3000 rpm was increased to 40 hp. at 4000 rpm, while the speed of the car increased to 129 km / h. Then the 356 series was equipped with engines with a displacement of 1286; 1488 and 1582 cm 3 up to 115 hp
The first German version of the Porsche 356 was a coupe, later there was a convertible with a soft top or a hard top, as well as a sports Speedster. The latter has become the most interesting and rare model. It was first introduced in 1954, but after 2 years production was curtailed, having sold 4922 copies. "Porsche-356" was also produced in the "Carrera" version with an aluminum coupe body and a boosted engine with a working volume of 1582 cm 3 with two camshafts, which made it possible to reach speeds of up to 200 km / h
| Porsche 356 (1962) | |
|---|---|
| Engine: | opposed 4-cylinder air-cooled overhead valve |
| 82.5×74mm | |
| Working volume: | 1582 cm3 |
| Power: | 75 HP |
| Transmission: | mechanical 4-speed |
| Frame: | load-bearing welded |
| Suspension: | independent torsion bar of all wheels |
| Brakes: | drum all wheels |
| Body: | 2 seater convertible |
| Max speed: | 175 km/h |
Porsche 914
In the late 1960s, Porsche partnered with Volkswagen to create a cheap version of a sports car. The result was the Porsche 914. It was a light, mid-engined two-seater, first introduced at the 1969 Frankfurt Motor Show. Buyers could choose from two air-cooled boxer engine options: a 4-cylinder Volkswagen or a 6-cylinder Porsche 911. The first version of "914/4" was sold under the brand name "Volkswagen", the second, "914/6" - "Porsche". Although the 914 model was equipped with a fairly advanced 6-cylinder engine, it was not recognized as a “real Porsche”, and few people were delighted with the plain rectangular body. The volume of sales was so insignificant that after 1975 only the Volkswagen variant remained in the program, which was offered with engines with a working volume of 1756 and 1971 cm 3.
| Porsche 914/6 (1975) | |
|---|---|
| Engine: | opposed 6-cylinder air-cooled overhead valve |
| Bore and stroke: | 80 x 66 mm |
| Working volume: | 1991 cm 3 |
| Power: | 110 HP |
| Transmission: | mechanical 5-speed |
| Suspension: | front independent on transverse levers with torsion bars, rear lever-but-spring |
| Brakes: | disk all wheels |
| Body: | 2-door 2-seater convertible |
| Max speed: | 206 km/h |
Porsche 356 C (1965)
The Porsche 356C is the latest model in the 356 series. Outwardly, it resembles the legendary "bug" of the Volkswagen company, on the basis of which it was built (up to the torsion bar suspension). A 4-cylinder upgraded power unit from Volkswagen is installed in the rear of the body.
| Engine | |
|---|---|
| Location: | rear longitudinal |
| Design: | opposed 4-cylinder air-cooled, aluminum alloy cylinder block and cylinder head |
| Bore and stroke: | 1582 cm3 |
| Working volume: | 82.5×74mm |
| Compression ratio: | 8,5 |
| Gas distribution system: | central camshaft with pushrods and rocker arms |
| Supply system: | two carburetors "Zenith-32DIX" (Zenith) |
| Ignition system: | battery |
| Power: | 75 HP at 5200 rpm |
| 117.7 Nm at 4200 rpm | |
| Transmission | |
| Clutch: | single disc dry |
| Transmission: | mechanical 4-speed, gear ratios: 1.765; 1.130; 0.815 |
| Main gear: | bevel with spiral teeth, gear ratio - 4.428 |
| Suspension | |
| Front: | independent torsion bar with stabilizers and telescopic shock absorbers |
| Back: | split axle on trailing arms with torsion bars and telescopic shock absorbers (on request - on a transverse spring) |
| Steering: | screw and roller |
| Brakes: | disk all wheels |
| Wheels and tires | |
| Wheels: | stamped size 5.60×15 |
| Tires: | diagonal size 165×15 |
| Body: | all-metal carrier compartment |
| Dimensions and weight | |
| Length: | 4011 mm |
| Width: | 1671 mm |
| Base: | 2101 mm |
| Track: | front and rear 1305/1273 mm |
| Weight: | 925 kg |
| Max speed: | 172 km/h |
| Acceleration time from standstill to 100 km/h: | 13.6 s |
| Average fuel consumption: | 9 l/100 km |
Porsche 911 Turbo
At the Paris Salon in 1974, Porsche showed a sports car that overshadowed all other exhibits. It was a Porsche 911 Turbo with a 2.6-liter engine with a capacity of 260 hp, equipped with a turbocharger. It accelerated from standstill to 100 km / h in less than 5.5 seconds, which for that time was a very good indicator even for sports cars. The body was distinguished by characteristic wide rear fenders and massive spoilers. Over the next years, the Porsche 911 Turbo was repeatedly upgraded, and the engine power gradually increased. The next generation car was equipped with a 3-liter engine, and since 1984 the working volume has increased to 3.3 liters. At the same time, the power increased from 270 to 300 hp, and in 1991 to 320 hp. Since 1992, the new "Turbo-3.6" was powered by a 360 hp engine, which since 1996 has increased to 408 hp. Since 1997, the Porsche 911 Turbo-S engine has been developing 450 hp. The car reaches a top speed of 300 km/h.
| Porsche 911 Turbo 3.3 (1984) | |
|---|---|
| Engine: | boxer 6-cylinder turbocharged |
| Bore and stroke: | 97 x 74.4mm |
| Working volume: | 3299 cm3 |
| Power: | 300 HP |
| Transmission: | mechanical 4-speed |
| Frame: | welded platform |
| Suspension: | front independent MacPherson type, rear lever-torsion |
| Brakes: | disk all wheels |
| Body: | 2-seater coupe |
| Max speed: | 260 km/h |
Porsche 928
This model, introduced in 1977, was the most comfortable in the Porsche program, a kind of German Ferrari. At first, it was equipped with an 8-cylinder V-engine of 4474 cm 3 liquid-cooled with a capacity of 240 hp. The five-speed gearbox was located in the same block with the final drive. The car had good dynamic qualities. However, for a car of this class, they were quite ordinary. Two years later, a modification of the "928S" appeared with a 4664 cm 3 engine, which already developed 300 hp. In 1983, another, more comfortable modification appeared with an engine increased to 310 hp. power. For better sales in the USA, the car was equipped with an automatic 4-speed gearbox. The Porsche 968 was distinguished by excellent driving performance, which, not least, was due to the special kinematics of the Transaxle-type rear suspension. Despite the mediocre aerodynamics of the body, the latest modification with an engine of 310 hp. developed speeds up to 255 km / h and had good dynamics. From standstill to 100 km / h, it accelerated in 6.2 seconds (with a manual transmission). 
| Porsche 928S (1984) | |
|---|---|
| Engine: | V8 with overhead camshafts and liquid cooling |
| Bore and stroke: | 97 x 78.9mm |
| Working volume: | 4664 cm3 |
| Power: | 310 HP |
| Transmission: | manual 5-speed or automatic 4-speed |
| Frame: | carrier platform |
| Suspension: | fully independent, front - type "MacPherson", rear - multi-link type "Transexl" |
| Brakes: | disk all wheels |
| Body: | compartment with 2 + 2 seats |
| Max speed: | 255 km/h |
Porsche-968
The Porsche 968 is the direct successor to the 944. This car appeared in 1991. The company once again made an attempt to create a fairly cheap car. Structurally, the "968" slightly differed from its predecessor "944" and used a number of components and parts from the serial models "Volkswagen" and "Audi" (Audi). A 4-cylinder engine with a working volume of 2990 cm 3 was chosen as the power unit, which was equipped with balancing shafts to improve the smoothness of operation. Its power was 240 hp, and on the "968 Turbo-S", equipped with a turbocharger, - 305 hp. However, this generally good car turned out to be prohibitively expensive. He lost a large number of buyers, which was originally intended.
| Porsche 968 (1992) | |
|---|---|
| Engine: | in-line 4-cylinder 16-valve with two overhead camshafts |
| Bore and stroke: | 104 x 88 mm |
| Working volume: | 2990 cm3 |
| Power: | 240 HP at 6200 rpm |
| Transmission: | 6-speed manual or 4-speed automatic |
| Suspension: | independent all wheels |
| Brakes: | ventilated disk all wheels |
| Body: | load-bearing 2-door coupe or convertible with 2+2 seats |
| Max speed: | 252 km/h |
Porsche Boxster
When the Porsche Boxster prototype was first presented to the public in 1993, it was immediately seen as a promising concept for the company for the next decade. After 3 years, the prototype was replaced by the serial Boxster, which immediately became an automobile bestseller. The characteristic lines of the front end and the sloping rear part speak of the kinship of the Boxster with the legendary Porsche 911, but otherwise their design is not repeated.
The body acquired two side air intakes, and individual, not merged into a single block, lanterns of an unusual shape appeared at the back. The Boxster, a first for rear-engined vehicles, has a liquid-cooled engine. The new opposed 24-valve "six" with two camshafts in the cylinder heads has a displacement of 2.5 liters and is located longitudinally in the central part of the chassis in front of the rear axle, which ensures a low center of gravity and high stability.
"Boxster" is equipped with a 5-speed manual or automatic transmission type "Tiptronic" (Tiptronic), which provides two switching modes: automatic or manual. In the latter case, gear shifting is carried out using special buttons (“plus” and “minus”) located on the steering wheel. The cloth top of the "Boxster" with the help of electric drives fits into a special compartment behind the seats in just 11 euros. On request, you can install the original hard removable top, giving the "Boxster" a specific appearance.
| Porsche Boxster (1997) | |
|---|---|
| Engine: | boxer 6-cylinder 24-valve liquid-cooled |
| Bore and stroke: | 85.5 x 72.0 mm |
| Working volume: | 2480 cm3 |
| Power: | 204 HP at 6000 rpm |
| Transmission: | manual or automatic 5-speed |
| Suspension: | independent type "MacPherson" of all wheels |
| Brakes: | front and rear ventilated discs |
| Body: | load-bearing 2-seater roadster |
| Max speed: | 240 km/h |
Porsche 911 Carrera (1984)
Lightweight and powerful boxer 6-cylinder engine equipped with Weber carburetors.
| Engine | |
|---|---|
| Location: | rear longitudinal |
| Design: | opposed 6-cylinder air-cooled |
| Bore and stroke: | 95×74.4mm |
| Working volume: | 3164 cm3 |
| Compression ratio: | 10,3 |
| Gas distribution system: | one overhead camshaft per cylinder block |
| Supply system: | Bosch Motronic electronic fuel injection system |
| Power: | 231 HP at 5900 rpm |
| Max Torque: | 280.6 Nm at 4800 rpm |
| Transmission | |
| Clutch: | single disc dry |
| Transmission: | mechanical 5-speed, gear ratios: 3.181; 1.833; 1.261; 0.966; 0.763; reverse - 3.325 |
| Main gear: | bevel with spiral teeth, gear ratio - 3.875 |
| Suspension | |
| Front: | MacPherson independent system with torsion bars, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars |
| Back: | independent torsion bar on trailing arms with shock absorbers and anti-roll bars |
| Steering: | rack and pinion |
| Brakes: | ventilated with vacuum booster |
| Wheels and tires | |
| Wheels: | light alloy cast |
| Tires: | front size 185/70VR15, rear size 215/60VR15 |
| Body: | load-bearing 2-door coupe with 2 + 2 seats |
| Dimensions and weight | |
| Length: | 4290 mm |
| Width: | 1649 mm |
| Base: | 2271 mm |
| Track: | front and rear 1372/1379 mm |
| Weight: | 1160 kg |
| Max speed: | 245 km/h |
| Average fuel consumption: | at a speed of 90 km / h - 6.8 l; at 120 km / h - 9.0 l; in the conditional urban cycle - 13.6
|
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
The automotive industry is an area where the hydrogen engine could be widely used in the future. Water, rail, aviation, as well as various auxiliary special equipment can use power plants of this type.
Both subsidiaries and large auto concerns (BMW, Volskwagen, Toyota, GM, Daimler AG and others) show interest in the introduction of hydrogen engine technology. Already now on the roads you can meet not only prototypes, but also full-fledged representatives of the model range, driven by hydrogen. BMW 750i Hydrogen, Honda FSX, Toyota Mirai and many other models have proven themselves during road tests. Unfortunately, the high cost of hydrogen, the lack of filling station infrastructure, as well as a sufficient number of qualified employees, equipment for repair and maintenance do not allow mass production of such vehicles. Optimization of the entire cycle of use of explosive gas is the primary task of the development of hydrogen energy.
What could be more pleasant when driving on a flat, perfectly paved road? Probably, to sit behind the wheel of a beautiful car that has not only charisma, classic design, but also a wonderful voice that can be heard from the roar of the engine! Real singer!
Let's get acquainted with this model from Porsche, which has a serial number 911 - an emergency aid that, so to speak, will "come to the rescue" of the most prejudiced lover of the classics, and at the same time Singer added a combination of an icon of modern equipment and engine power.
Porsche 911 engine photo
In fact, Porsche simply decided to revive an old 60s model that continues to be popular. So to say, for lovers of the classics is dedicated to ...
Photo Porsche 911
It should be noted that over the decades, Porsche has continued to evolve, but outwardly no special changes have been made in order to preserve the 911 brand.
Perhaps this is the whole point of success. But at the same time, moving to mass production in 2011 under the prefix "Singer", the wishes of each customer directly are taken into account. The matter is that initially the model appears only a basic complete set.
For $215,000, the client will receive an almost “naked” car. You'll have to pay extra for an electro-hydraulic booster from Jerry Woods Enterprises ($3,800) and even a power-adjustable right side mirror ($2,500).
And now let's take a closer look at the package.
Engine layout- rear engine.
Engine capacity– 3820 cm³
Vehicle weight- 1089 kg.
Drive unit- back.
Transmission- mechanical, six-speed Getrag G50 with a short row.
Acceleration up to 100 km / h.– 3.9 s.
Max Speed- 274 km / h.
Bundling cost – 215,000–275,000 $
Having, in fact, a "bull's heart", a two-seater rushes beyond the horizon with lightning speed, while having 1089 kg of weight and gaining a maximum of 274 km / h.
Well, after this, it remains only to sing along and rejoice, having a Porsche Singer 911 in your garage, which actually became the prototype of this model of the 1967 model.
Salon Porsche 911 from the inside
The Americans decided to give it a new life, and by the way, it will be assembled by hand.
The car is already completely ready for serial production, and the client will only have to agree to pay for all this pleasure.
Publication date: 22-05-2016, 21:51
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Is Porsche stuck in the past? How else to explain this award-winning German company's commitment to rear-engined sports cars in its most famous 911-series coupes? The general essence of the layout has not changed for decades. The original 356-series 911, like the pre-war Käfer model, was originally made in a rear-engined, rear-wheel drive version. The engine was suspended behind the rear axle.
There have been only two more modern exceptions to the rule in history, which could rather be called experiments by engineers on racing models: the 911 GT1 of the late 1990s and the current 911 RSR. In both models, the engine is located in the middle.
So, is the rear engine placement an anachronism of yesteryear, or does it still make sense? Most likely, there is a sense in this - it's not fools who develop some of the best sports cars in the world. A detailed explanation of what's what, as always, from Engineering Explained, which released a short but entertaining video that tells the story ... the history of physics and engineering.
The video explains several reasons why Porsche is still sticking with the 911 layout, including braking weight transfer, accelerating weight transfer, and explaining how rear-wheel drive works in unique all-wheel drive vehicles.
It is worth noting that there are no ideal cars, just as there are no single correct designs of cars, rockets, airplanes, and even toothbrushes. The “techie” only sets out the pros and cons of such a design, supported by knowledge, and discusses why Porsche has not departed from its canons.
Positive sides:
Braking. Comparison (1.20 minute video) of two models. The Porsche 911 and the second, front-engined sports car, are sketched in red. Both models are rear wheel drive.
Porsche's weight distribution is 40% front, 60% rear. The weight distribution in any other front-engined rear-wheel drive car is approximately 55% on the front axle and 45% on the rear.
When braking, 20% of the weight is transferred to the front axle. At the same time, the weight distribution of the brainchild of Ferdinand Porsche remains more balanced (front - 60%, rear - 40%) than any other car with a classic layout. Thus, the braking of the 911 will be more stable, more intense, the rear wheels are involved in braking by 15% more than other sports cars, there is less chance that the car will skid, even in a turn.
The main task of any sports car is to evenly distribute weight on all four wheels, and Porsche does an excellent job of this.
Acceleration. Here, too, Porsche has a major advantage. It is logical that during intensive acceleration, starting from a standstill, the rear axle should carry as much weight as possible. Thus, tire slippage on the surface will be less. Less slippage, more torque will be spent not on heating the environment, but on acceleration. A rear-engined Porsche will have 15% more weight on the rear axle than a comparable front-engined sports car. An extremely important factor, provided there is a lot of power under the hood.
Why is the all-wheel drive system on the Porsche 911 cool? Everything is extremely simple here. Mechanically, the all-wheel drive system consists of: sending power through the axle shafts to the rear wheels, cardan, electronically controlled multi-plate clutch.
Technically, the distribution of torque and power can vary from 40% to the front axle to 95% to the rear. What does it give? Full feeling of handling, as in a rear-wheel drive car. “But wait! - the connoisseur will exclaim, - other automakers are doing the same. For example, at Audi, the new models are also capable of distributing power across the axles in a similar manner.” And he will be formally right.
