He will talk about what the ABS, ESP and TSC systems are like, what is the difference between them and what is the principle of their operation.

Introduce modern foreign car without auxiliary system braking or air conditioning is simply impossible, often this is no longer a luxury, but a necessary component of the configuration.

Accidental obstruction or accidental depressing of the brake pedal or skidding of the vehicle can result in loss of control and death. This has happened to every driver.

What is ABS, TSC and ESP

The first systems that allowed the driver to level the car and keep the course of movement began to be installed twenty years ago. ABS or more, are not installed on cars now, as newer ones have come in their place, but still, they were the beginning of systems exchange rate stability.

ABS consists of three main components:

1. Sensors for reading wheel speed;
2. A device for changing the pressure in the brakes, for each wheel separately;
3. Process control block.

The principle of operation is not very complicated, it all starts from the moment when the sensor detects a wheel lock, transmits a signal to the control unit. The control unit, having processed the data, transmits a signal to the module to reduce the pressure in brake system wheel that has been blocked. When the wheel begins to rotate normally, the pressure returns to starting position, the cycle continues until the threat of blocking disappears. The driver will feel a slight beating on the brake pedal.

Not unimportant system is considered to be TSC, better known as ASC or ASR. Allows you to start from a place without slipping the drive wheels, it is very convenient to use when starting on snow or ice-covered tracks. The system is based on the same sensors, only the control module has been finalized, the wheel recognition function has been added to it. Thus, if during the start the drive wheels rotate faster than the driven ones, then the control system perceives this as wheel slip. The control unit will reduce the engine speed, no matter how hard you press on the gas pedal, and the car gently moves from its place.

The newer and upgraded ESP (Stability Program) system can not only control the braking system, but also the engine. On SUVs, it was endowed with the ability to lock the differential. In cars brand bmw it's x-Drive and on Mercedes it's 4-Matic. In addition to the standard sensors that were used in the ABS, they added side sensors, steering wheel sensors, skidding and others, which make it clear to the system what is happening with the car while driving. Thus, when the system is turned off, all data is transmitted to the on-board computer monitor, and they make it clear to the driver the situation on the road, the temperature outside the car and what the condition of the road is. This greatly facilitates driving and gives confidence in the car, even without the system, you can make a decision in a given situation to maneuver.

Consider the situation when a car enters a turn and starts to skid to the side, turning the steering wheel in the direction of the skid, the driver will exit the turn, and the ABS will slow down as it should be. But still, the final decision will remain with the driver, reduce the gas or slow down. In the presence of ESP systems, the situation will be quite different. First, it will reduce the fuel supply in order to reduce the engine speed and power, because of this, the speed will also decrease. Further, the system itself will determine which of the wheels should be slowed down more, and which should not be touched at all, with the help of steering sensors it will tell you in which direction it is worth turning the steering wheel to return to the previous driving trajectory.

Experienced drivers say that you should not play with these systems, that is, press the brake pedal often and in a row, then the system will take this as an emergency and start to work unnecessarily.

Video on how the ABS system works:

The abbreviation TCS stands for Traction control system and stands for traction control system or traction control system. This system has more than 100 years of history, during which it was first used in a simplified form not only on cars, but also on steam locomotives and electric locomotives.

The deep interest of automakers in the TCS system appeared only in the second half of the 60s of the XX century, which was due to the advent of electronic technology. Opinions on the use of the Traction Control System are not unambiguous, but despite this, the technology has taken root and has been actively used by all leading automakers for about 20 years. So, what is TCS in a car, why is this system needed and why is it so widely used?

The TCS electro-hydraulic traction control system is one of the systems active safety vehicle and is responsible for preventing slippage of the drive wheels on wet and other surfaces with reduced grip. Its task is to stabilize, level the course and improve traction in automatic mode on all roads regardless of speed.

Wheel slippage occurs not only on wet and frozen pavement, but also during heavy braking, starting from a standstill, dynamic acceleration, cornering, driving on road sections with different grip characteristics. In any of these cases, the traction control system will react accordingly and prevent the occurrence of an emergency.

The effectiveness of the Traction control system is evidenced by the fact that after its testing on high-speed Ferrari cars, it was adopted by Formula 1 teams and is now very widely used in motorsport.

How TCS works

TCS is not a fundamentally new and independent introduction, but only complements and expands the capabilities of the notorious ABS - an anti-lock braking system that prevents the wheels from locking during braking. Traction control successfully uses the same elements that ABS has at its disposal: sensors on the wheel hubs and a system control unit. Its main task is to prevent the loss of traction of the drive wheels with the road with the support of hydraulics and electronics that control the braking system and the engine.

The working process of the TCS system is as follows:

• The control unit constantly analyzes the speed of rotation and the degree of acceleration of the driving and driven wheels and compares them. Hard acceleration of one of the drive wheels is regarded by the system processor as a loss of traction. In response, it acts on the braking mechanism of this wheel and performs its forced braking in automatic mode, which the driver only states.
• In addition, TCS also affects the engine. After receiving a signal about a change in wheel speed from the sensors to the ABS control unit, it sends data to the ECU, which gives commands to other systems that force the engine to reduce traction. Engine power is reduced due to a delay in ignition, cessation of sparking or a decrease in the supply of fuel in some cylinder, and in addition, the throttle may be covered.
• The latest traction control systems can also affect the operation of the transmission differential.

The capabilities of TCS systems are determined by the complexity of their design, on the basis of which they make adjustments to the operation of only one of the vehicle's systems or several. With multilateral participation, the traction control system can use various mechanisms to influence the traffic situation, including for this the most suitable system in given conditions.

Opinions and facts about TCS

Although many experienced drivers note that the anti-slip mechanism somewhat reduces the performance of the car, for an inexperienced motorist Traction control system - indispensable assistant, especially when control of the traffic situation, such as during bad weather, is lost.

If desired, TCS is disabled with a special button, but before that it is worth once again recalling the list of those advantages that become unavailable when disabled:

• ease of launch and good overall handling;
• high safety when cornering;
• drift prevention;
• reducing risks when driving on ice, snow and wet asphalt;
• slowing down tire wear.

The use of an anti-slip system also brings some economic benefits, since it reduces fuel consumption by 3-5% and increases engine life.

• Electronic owner's manual in the car

Instrument and controls (6)

• On-board computer - explanatory information

  On-board computer the vehicle can register, process and present information while driving. Here is information that explains the operation of some functions.

• Rear view mirrors - exterior

  The outside rearview mirrors are adjusted using the adjustment lever in the driver's door controls.

• Cleaners and washers

  The wiper and washer clean the windshield and rear glass. The headlights are cleaned by high pressure washing.

• Front seats - electrically operated

  The vehicle's front seats are adjustable to provide optimum comfort. Seats with electric drive can move forward/backward and up/down. The front edge of the seat cushion can be raised and lowered. The seatback tilt can be changed.

• Light regulators

  The dimmer switch allows you to switch on and control the external lighting. It is also used to adjust the backlight of the display, dashboard and interior lighting.

• Backseat

  Back rear seat and the outer head restraints can be folded. The headrest of the middle seat can be adjusted depending on the height of the passenger.

Climate (1)

• Deicing and deicing the windshield

  Heated windshield* and max. heating is used to quickly remove fogging and icing from the windshield and side windows.

Locks and alarms (1)

• PCC* - unique features

  Compared to the remote key without PCC, the remote key with PCC has an extended set of functions connected to the information button and indicator lamps.

Starting the engine and driving (3)

• Parking brake

  Parking brake holds the vehicle in place when the driver's seat is empty by mechanically locking/locking two wheels.

• Engine start

  Engine starts and stops with key remote control and START/STOP ENGINE buttons.

• Engine shutdown

  The engine is switched off by the START/STOP ENGINE button.

Sound and media (5)

• Bluetooth® - hands-free mode

  Mobile phone with Bluetooth®, you can connect to your car wirelessly.

• Registering a Bluetooth® module

  Two Bluetooth® modules can be connected at the same time: You can switch between one phone and one media device. You can also make calls from your phone while streaming audio files. You can connect your car to the Internet using your mobile phone's Internet connection.

• Sound and media - system management

  The audio / media system is controlled from the center console and partly using the buttons on the steering wheel, voice commands or with remote control*. Information is displayed on the screen at the top of the center console.

• External audio source via AUX-/USB port*

  You can connect to an audio system external source sound, such as an iPod® or mp3 player

• Radio

  You can listen to the radio frequency bands of the AMV60 Plug-in Hybrid and FM and in some cases also digital radio (DAB)*. In a car with an Internet connection, you can listen to web radio, Apps.

In this article, we will try to understand the principle of operation of the brake systems of a car - ABS, ESP and TSC.

How do ABS, ESP and TSC work?

The first systems to prevent the wheels from locking up and allow the driver to steer the car with too much pressure on the brake pedal appeared more than thirty years ago. These anti-lock braking systems became known as ABS.

ABS consists of wheel speed sensors, modulator brake pressure and electronic block management. The task of the sensors is to record the beginning of the wheel lock. As soon as this happens, the signal is transmitted to the control unit, which gives a command to the modulator, which lowers the fluid pressure in the hydraulic brake system. When the wheel is unlocked and starts spinning again, the fluid pressure returns to its original value and again forces brake mechanisms work.

The processes of braking and releasing the wheels will be repeated cyclically until the threat of blocking disappears. The driver feels ABS work shocks transmitted to the brake pedal.

The wheels can also break into slip at the moment of the start of movement, during acceleration, in cases of vigorous movement in areas with coatings of different adhesion properties. The desire to get rid of these shortcomings led to the appearance.

When the drive wheels begin to spin faster than the driven wheels roll, this is perceived by the processor as slipping. Further, two options are possible. The first is that the electronics will "strangle" the engine, not paying attention to how actively the driver presses the gas pedal; the second - the driving wheels are slowed down until they stop slipping and catch the tread on the coating. However, both scenarios usually "work".

What is remarkable about TCS is the ability of the system, which is a "makeweight" to ABS, to independently control the engine and brakes of individual wheels. The designers were able to approach the development of another electronic assistant- programs electronic stabilization ESP (Electronic Stability Program). In addition, the possibility electronic control traction and brakes were used to simulate a differential lock.

What are the disadvantages of ABS? This system, by regulating the pressure brake fluid, protect the wheels from blocking and provide the driver with the ability to drive the car even with his panic actions. But getting out critical situation he must himself, relying on his own skill and composure. And if that's not enough?

Example: the car enters a turn too far high speed, and depending on the direction of rotation, it is blown either into a ditch or onto oncoming lane. The driver in response sharply slows down and additionally turns the steering wheel in the direction of drift, wanting to stay on a safe trajectory. As a result - demolition or skidding, although ABS did not allow the wheels to slip.

If the car was equipped with ESP, this would not happen. ESP will reduce the fuel supply so that the engine power and its speed, and with it the speed of the car, meet the requirements of a particular situation. But the main thing is that ESP will choose braking force for each wheel separately, and in such a way that the resulting braking forces counteracted the moment tending to turn the car, and kept it on the trajectory.

If a skid begins when entering a turn rear axle, ESP will provide braking of the external front wheel. Due to this, a stabilizing moment will arise, returning the car to a safe trajectory of movement. If the car is understeered, causing it to slip out of the corner due to front wheel drift, ESP will brake the rear inner wheel, helping the driver maintain control of the car.

For ESP to work, it was necessary to add yaw, lateral acceleration and steering wheel position sensors to the existing wheel sensors and expand software processor. As a result, ESP not only controls the speed of rotation of each of the wheels and the pressure in the brake system, as ABS does, but also monitors the steering wheel, lateral acceleration of the car, its angular velocity and controls the engine and transmission modes.

The TCS traction control system is a complex of software and hardware devices and mechanisms of a car designed to prevent slipping of the vehicle's drive wheels.

The English abbreviation stands for Traction Control System (TCS). Such a system in literal literature is used on Honda cars.

For other car brands, the traction control abbreviation has a different form, for example:

• TRC for Toyota;
• ASR for Audi, Mercedes and Volkswagen;
• ETC for Rovers.

Most vehicles have a dedicated button that activates and deactivates the TCS function.

The principle of operation of the TCS traction control system

This anti-slip system works in conjunction with the ABS system. In most vehicles, information is also processed in the ABS control unit, then transferred to the engine control unit to generate control signals.

The traction control system in its work is guided by the indicators of the speed sensors of the drive wheels. If the car is all-wheel drive, then the readings of all sensors are involved in the system.

Wheel rotation sensors generate pulses whose frequency is proportional to angular velocity wheel rotation. If the frequency of pulses of the rotation sensor of any wheel significantly exceeds the frequency of pulses of other wheels, then the wheel has entered an uncontrolled slipping mode.

Video - how the TCS traction control system works on the UAZ Patriot:

In order to prevent this phenomenon, the TCS generates a signal that is applied to the engine control unit to reduce traction or to the ABS system to brake the corresponding wheel.

Thus, the elimination of slippage can be ensured by:

• braking of the corresponding wheel by the ABS system;
• forced reduction of engine power (usually activated at high speeds);
• joint operation of two channels of wheel torque control.

Adjusting (reducing) engine torque is usually done by:

• reduction in fuel supply;
• throttle control;
• change in ignition angle.

Its advantages and disadvantages

TCS is designed for automated alignment of the vehicle's trajectory in conditions of uneven slippery road surfaces. It is relevant for drivers with little driving experience.

TCS provides:

• uniform and straight start from the place of the car on a slippery pavement;
• regular cornering;
• reduction of tire wear.

Given the features of the traction control system, it also has disadvantages:

• performance degradation power unit due to the forced reduction of torque;
• the possibility of creating "stalemate" situations when further movement the car becomes impossible without slipping (for example, on a snow or mud track).

Vehicles equipped with TCS usually have controls that disable it. These can be pushbutton or key switches or options. onboard system management.

Main components of TCS

The traction control system of the car and ABS are combined in a single functional unit.

This diagram partially relates to the TCS system:

• 18,20,22,24 - wheel speed sensors;
• 12,13,14,15 - brake actuator valves;
• 5 - control unit;
• 27 - CAN-bus of the car.

Provides interaction of the ABS control unit with the engine control unit. This local communication bus transmits control signals when it is necessary to reduce the engine torque to prevent slipping.

Common causes of malfunction

The performance of the TCS traction control system directly depends on the health of the ABS.

Most common causes failure:

• malfunction of one of the wheel rotation sensors;
• clogging of the zone for tracking the speed of rotation of the wheel (comb);
• violation of the integrity of the cables connecting the sensors to the control unit;
• failure of electrovalves of the block ABS;
• malfunction of the ABS block pump;
• blown fuses serving the control unit;
• CAN bus problems.

TCS troubleshooting starts with computer diagnostics. After defining faulty sensor, node or component begin to eliminate a specific malfunction.

After troubleshooting on many vehicles, the error continues to be active. In order to remove the error, it is required to perform a certain sequence of actions in dynamic mode (sea trials). This may be the movement of the car with successive turns and braking. For example, by car Mercedes Sprinter- these are four consecutive left turns with braking.

Some motorists turn off the traction control system, relying on own experience driving. But statistics say that TCS significantly reduces the likelihood of traffic accidents, especially on slippery road surfaces, so it should not be neglected.

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