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Every motorist is most likely aware that one of his most important duties when driving on the roads common use is to notify other participants in the movement of the intention to perform a particular maneuver. For example, to indicate the desire to turn left or right, special indicators are used, controlled by a special lever.

However, progress does not stand still, and some warning signals are given automatically by the machine. A prime example this is served by the reverse gear of the car, during the implementation of which the taillights of white-moon color light up automatically and in advance. This happens due to the presence of a special sensor in the design of the car. It is about the principles of its operation and repair that we will talk in the article below.

The device and principles of operation of the sensor

Reversing is one of the most important features available for any car. It is the inclusion reverse speed allows the vehicle to move backwards without using a 180-degree turn. Thanks to this possibility, the driver can not only be comfortably located in parking areas in the process of driving a car, but also significantly save your time when performing a number of maneuvers.

When handing back, it is important for a motorist not only to carefully monitor compliance with traffic rules and control of the location of objects standing behind, but also to be sure that each third-party participant in the movement is aware of the desire on his part to move in reverse. Fortunately for all motorists, the notification process in this regard is fully automated and occurs through the use of a sensor. reversing installed directly in the vehicle structure. Considering such important function this component of the car, each car owner must monitor its good condition and, if necessary, repair it.

The reverse gear sensor works according to a simple principle, the essence of which is as follows:

1. Motorist wishing to advance in reverse direction, includes reverse gear;
2. The gearshift lever, reaching a certain place, switches the switch / switch (sensor) of the reverse headlights to the “ON” position and they, respectively, light up;
3. After the maneuver is completed, the driver changes the reverse gear to first or neutral, which turns off the previously turned on headlights.

The electrical circuit of the reverse sensor is quite simple, if not primitive. Its operation, as a rule, is based on the use of a limit switch, which is some kind of button located on the path of the gearshift lever along the path of the reverse speed and is pressed / pressed when it is turned on / off. That is, when wondering how to change the reverse sensor, you should be prepared for a partial disassembly of the gearbox, because this unit is installed in it or within its operation.

Possible malfunctions

Repair of the reverse sensor is perhaps exactly what no one is immune from. It happens that the node needs to be replaced only for the reason that it simply does not work. How to act in such a situation? First of all, it is important to understand why the sensor is faulty or does not work correctly.

To date, the following have been identified possible faults node:

• there was an oxidation of the contacts in some place of the electronic circuit;
• the sensor is “loose” or out of order;
• there was a "breakdown" in the electrical circuit of the identifier;
• the contact of the sensor and the mounting block is broken;
• its fuse has blown;
• burned out lamps rear lights("stopari").

The symptomatology of a malfunction of the reverse sensor is probably clear to everyone - the corresponding headlights are inoperative or function extremely incorrectly. It is simply unacceptable to operate a car in this state, therefore, first of all, if a problem with a node occurs, you should think about where the reverse sensor is located and how to properly repair it. We will talk about this in more detail below.

Sensor repair: replacement and fault diagnosis

Complete replacement of the reverse sensor - definitely not something that should be done first when wrong work"stopar". Before dismantling the old unit and installing a new one, it is important to exclude the possibility manual repair chain and only then resort to replacement. In a typical case, the procedure for repairing a sensor looks like this:

Note that in most cases, the repair of the car's reverse sensor ends either at the first or at the second step of the repair. Considering the absolute simplicity of repair measures, it is only necessary to carry them out correctly and in due measure, then there will certainly not be any problems with the discomfort node.

Perhaps the most important information on the issue under consideration has come to an end. We hope that today's material has answered your questions. Good luck on the roads and in the repair!

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

The KamAZ stop signal circuit is somewhat more complicated than that of other cars. This is due to the use of several sensors that ensure the inclusion of brake lights when several brake systems are operating. Although the brake system is called KAMAZ, it is now used on other cars due to its reliability. principled circuit diagram all such cars are identical and differ only structurally. The KAMAZ stop signal circuit includes sensors, an intermediate relay, a buzzer and a warning lamp parking brake, and of course signal lamps in the rear lights of the tractor and trailer. Sensors are installed on the circuits brake system near brake valve and are activated when the pressure in the circuit changes. On latest models the brake light sensor is a push button switch mounted under the pedal, as is the case on most vehicles. When the pressure changes in any of the circuits, and in the presence of a push-button switch, when you press the pedal, the sensor contacts close and connect the winding of the intermediate relay to the vehicle ground.

In this case, the current from the fuse passes through the relay winding, the contacts of one of the sensors to the car body. The relay contacts close and energize the signal lamps in the rear lights. When the parking brake is applied, other than signal lamps, the parking brake warning lamp starts flashing. This is due to the fact that the parking brake interrupter and the control lamp receive a minus through the parking brake sensor. Since all the sensors are connected to the intermediate relay coil, when any sensor is closed, a minus appears on all sensors. In order for the control lamp not to turn on when other sensors are triggered, a diode is included in the circuit, which prevents minus from entering the parking brake sensor wire. During operation, some malfunctions are possible. The most common, for all vehicles, is when the brake lights are off. In this case, it is necessary to check whether the lamps are on when the parking brake is applied or not. If the lamps are on, then the sensor is faulty or the wire from it to the relay is broken. To check, it is necessary to disconnect the wire from the sensor and connect it to the vehicle ground. If the signal lamps light up, the sensor is faulty. Otherwise, there is a break in the wire. If the lamps do not light up when applying the parking brake, then it is necessary to check the fuse, signal lamps and relay. Faulty Items needs to be replaced. The cause of the malfunction may also be a broken wire connecting the relay to the signal lamps. If the signal lamps are lit when the brake pedal is pressed, but do not light when the parking brake is applied, then it is necessary to check the sensor, connecting wire and diode for proper operation. It is better to start by checking the diode, which is located on the instrument panel warning lights board, near the parking brake control paw. If, when applying the parking brake, a minus appears on the diode, then the sensor and the connecting wire are working. Otherwise, disconnect the wire from the sensor and connect it to the vehicle ground. If the minus does not appear on the diode, then it is necessary to eliminate the break in the wire, if it appears, change the sensor. Another problem is when the warning lights are constantly on. Unlike those described earlier, this is typical only for the KamAZ stop signal. There may be several reasons. The first is the shorting of the positive wire to the wire of signal lamps, in practice it occurs if the wiring was melted in the process of closing the positive wire to the vehicle ground. The second reason is the sticking of the signal lamp relay contacts. To check, just remove and put the relay back into the socket. If the relay is in good condition, a characteristic click will be heard. Faulty relay needs to be replaced. A third reason may be the lack of power to the parking brake warning lamp and its breaker relay. In this case, plus through the winding of the signal lamps relay, the parking brake warning lamp, the supply wire control lamp and through one of the consumers, receiving power from the same wire, it gets to minus. This closes the circuit and activates the signal lamp relay. To check, it is enough to disconnect the supply wire from the control lamp breaker. The relay should open and the signal lamps should go out. Possible reasons There may be a fuse failure or a broken wire. The last reason is the connection of any wire from the sensors to the mass of the car. As with all cars in the KamAZ stop signal, it is also possible that the signal lamp fuse blows. Troubleshooting depends on the moment the fuse blows. To search, you must remove the parking brake and release the brake pedal. If the fuse blows immediately upon installation, then a short circuit must be sought under the instrument panel from the fuse to the signal lamp relay. If the fuse blows when the brake pedal is depressed, then there is a short in the wire from the relay to rear lights or at the trailer socket.

The color scheme of the KAMAZ-5320 electrical equipment is usually used to repair electrical wiring and vehicle devices. Thanks to the electrical circuit, the car owner can find failed or faulty components for their further repair or replacement. You can learn more about the features of electrical equipment, its malfunctions and diagnostics from this material.

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Features of electrical equipment

Let's start with a description - what elements and subsystems includes the removal of electrical wiring KAMAZ-5320:

1. Light signaling and turning lights.
2. Heating system, power supply, as well as windshield cleaning.
3. Outdoor lighting, including near and high beam, fog lights, If there are any.
4. Car interior lighting.
5. Engine start system.
6. Also, the wiring diagram includes a system of control and measuring devices located on dashboard car. On the tidy there is not only, but also a lot of indicators, as well as sensors designed to provide more convenient control of the machine.
7. Sound alarm.
8. Audio system, if available.

The normal operation of the KAMAZ 43118 electrical circuit is possible only with the correct functioning of the two main components:

1. battery. This device provides the ignition system with voltage during engine start, and also allows you to power the main electrical equipment when the engine is off.
2. Generator. This node provides power to all devices and equipment while driving. Also, with the help of the generator, the battery charge is replenished, which he spent on starting the engine.

How to determine the malfunction?

Identification of breakdowns in the operation of equipment is possible with the involvement of a specialist or at home.

In general, there are two states vehicle, at which it is possible to determine the circuit malfunction:

1. The motor does not start, the operation of the car is impossible. Causes of breakdown in this case there may be many. Equipment diagnostics should be started with, switchgear, candles, high voltage wires, starter assembly and, of course, the battery. In most cases, the cause can be resolved by charging battery, cleaning spark plugs from carbon deposits or replacing high-voltage wires. In addition, the cause may also be a failed generator. Before proceeding with the dismantling and disassembly of the assembly, you should check the quality of the generator belt tension. Perhaps the strap is loose or its tension is very strong, which is also not very good for a car.
2. The engine can be started, but the equipment does not work or works partially. The device group may not be working. For example, in your car, the windshield wipers and wiper blades stopped working at the same time. It would seem, how can these devices be interconnected? But keep in mind that these two systems work from the steering column switch. And if he's out of order or on his circuit bad contact, then the nodes simply cannot be started. If the engine starts, then some of the nodes do not work, then you should first check the fuses in the block, it is quite possible that one or some of them simply burned out. If safety elements workers, and you are 100% sure that the electrical equipment is working, then you need to do wiring diagnostics (the author of the video is the CarEnergy channel).

Possible wiring faults

All malfunctions in the electrical wiring can be divided into several groups:

1. Damage to the equipment itself. It doesn't happen that often, but similar problem can still take place.
2. Fuse failure. As is known, in mounting block safety devices responsible for the safety of KAMAZ wiring are concentrated. If power surges occur in the system, then in order to prevent equipment breakdown, fuses are used that blow out first. If in onboard network power surges occur periodically, then before replacing the blown fuses, it is necessary to get rid of the cause.
3. Poor contact of the electrical circuit with the equipment. In this case, there may be several reasons. As a rule, poor contact is caused by a wire break somewhere in the circuit. For diagnostics, you will need a multimeter, which, in fact, is always used to detect wiring faults. Also, the reason may be the oxidation or burning of the contacts. If this is the case, then you can solve the problem by cleaning or replacing them.
4. current leakage. In most cases, this problem is due to a breakdown in the wiring. Using a multimeter, a defective wire is determined, which as a result will either need to be replaced or carefully insulated.
5. Wear constituent elements generator. It will be necessary to disassemble the assembly to identify defective parts with their subsequent replacement.
6. The battery is dead or there is not enough electrolyte in it. In this case, you need to check the liquid level in the battery banks, as well as measure its charge parameter.

Wiring diagram

Video "Detailed instructions for repairing lighting and wiring in KAMAZ"

How to properly repair the backlight, as well as the electrical circuits in the truck - see the video below (author - Nikita Vagin).

A modern car has a large number of electronics and electrics. The systems of older cars have a rather primitive principle of operation, when new technology available for study only to those who are able to study more documentation and literature. Today we will find out what a reverse sensor is, why it is needed on a car and learn about the scheme for switching it on.

Purpose

Obviously, the reverse mode of the car is designed to accelerate the car in reverse side without resorting to a 180 degree turn. This allows you to park more comfortably, maneuver faster and, finally, save time for yourself and other drivers.

The reversing signal is necessary in order to warn surrounding drivers of the upcoming maneuver, in the same way as turn signals or brake lights embedded in taillights do.

Thus, when the reverse gear is activated, a lamp with White color. All drivers and pedestrians behind are instantly informed that the driver plans to reverse and make decisions about their further maneuvers.

The reverse signaling device is also intended for maneuvering in dark time days and fog. The lamp, which has a sufficiently powerful light beam, allows the driver to better see what is happening behind the car and avoid annoying accidents and incidents when maneuvering. In any case, it is worth paying attention to the condition and operation of the lights. This will eliminate most problems and save the car from accidental damage.

Operating principle

The reverse sensor is exactly the device that is designed to activate and turn off maneuver indicators in the form of lamps or LEDs. Its task is to instantly respond to the inclusion reverse gear and just as quickly turn off when moving forward. Moreover, such a functioning scheme does not depend on the type of transmission, whether it be mechanics, automatic or CVT.

Where is the reverse sensor located? Obviously, if the lamp should turn on when the gear lever is moved to a certain position, then the sensor itself should be located in the transmission area.

Thus, this device comprises electrical circuit, which connects the battery to the lamp.

Obviously, there must be some system between the battery and the lamp that is able to respond to the movements of the gear lever and be activated only when the lever is in the reverse or reverse position.

This function is performed by a limit switch, which is located in the direction of the selector. automatic box or on the backstage of the manual transmission, near the reverse position. What is a limit switch? At its core, this is a button that anyone often sees in real life. Only, unlike most household appliances, this button is activated not directly with a finger, but with a lever that presses it down when in a certain position.

When the transmission is shifted into reverse, a battery-powered limit switch is activated. The switch closes the circuit, voltage is applied to the lamp, and it lights up. When the transmission is turned off, in the same way, the button is released and the lamp stops burning.

Summing up

The reverse sensor is one of the essential elements electrical system everyone modern car. Thanks to this device, the operation of the reverse indicator is carried out, which contributes to improving traffic safety in general and better informing drivers about the intention of further maneuver.

Both do not burn, I thought the bulbs were burned out or the wires might not be tucked in: I checked - the bulbs are normal (the spiral is whole), the wires also fit where they need to. What could be the reason?

Re: Frog? I mean, the reversing light switch failed.
Or they forgot to put a wire on it, for example ... It happened to me in one service: they forgot to fasten a wire on it, but I thought it flew. ;)

Or maybe they just rotted away ... the tips on the frog Re: Reversing lights not working. What is the reason?
Hi Zhenya!
It turns out so that if not CHY, then a frog. The point is that one of the pins of the connector is always positive. Therefore, it oxidizes and falls off. Look at the connector. Another option is fuse number 5 (F16), but then the wipers would not work and the turn signals and a bunch of other things ...

Re: Re: Reversing lights not working. What is the reason?
Hello! Thanks, I'll take a look. The fuse means in order. wipers and turn signals work.

Where is this frog on the box?
There is nothing in the book, and I did not find anything on the Internet. Will it be possible to change it without a hole in the conditions "on the street"?

Wow....
Oh Lord, bless this man! He doesn't know where the frog is!
She is at the checkpoint, on the left along the way, below. It sticks out towards the left wheel. It has two wires going to it. You can see on the ground. It is enough to remove the piece of iron that hangs under the engine. Or maybe it is, I don't remember.
If you decide to change the frog, keep in mind - oil will flow.

Yes, I am like this...
Misha, how do I know where it is, if earlier I repaired only a bicycle myself :-) and even then a Soviet one without a gearbox. So you have to ask stupid questions. And since there is no one else to ask them (I have no relatives in St. Petersburg, and so far I’m the only one from my friends on the car), then I have to decide everything through this conf. THANK YOU gentlemen for your answers. ... And I think there will still be a lot of questions, but I'm trying to understand little by little the device of this complex mechanism :-)))

Re: Yes I am...
It's not bad when there is a conf. It’s even better when you don’t mind spending 100 rubles and buying a Talmud for your car. Even if you look only at pictures at night, you can study the car in a week, and if you also read the text, then in a month you can learn how to adjust the carb.

Olegych St. Petersburg

I have three books...
Two devices, and one - minor repairs. Maybe, of course, I didn’t search well, but I didn’t find anything like that there (I’ll look again). One book is specially at home and I read it last night, so I try to match. And then the theory is very good, but practice is better - and I don’t have enough of it ... that’s why I consult with you.

Re: I have 3 books...
And the practice just consists in comparing what is drawn in the picture and what is in the hardware. I don’t believe that the switch for the ZX lights was missing in the picture. Yes, not the gods will burn the pots, you will learn.
The pedestrian is always right as long as he is alive...
Olegych St. Petersburg

Before changing the frog, ring it.
To do this, pull the wires off the frog and measure the resistance of the frog in the "reverse" position and any other position with an ohmmeter. In the "reverse" position, the ohmmeter should show a short circuit (0 ohms), and with the reverse gear turned off, it will show a break (infinity). In this case, the frog is working, and the problem is in the wiring ..
The second option is to short-circuit the wires going to the frog. If the lights come on when the ignition is on, it's a frog. Did not light up - in the wiring.
But there is a little more life in the world than death,
And there is a little more light in the world than darkness
(c) A.V. Makarevich