The manufacturer of the Agro walk-behind tractor is the Ufa enterprise UMPO, which specializes in motor-building. The production of walk-behind tractors in this series began in 1998, and the model itself appeared in the project back in 1996. Since that time, “Agro” walk-behind tractors (or “Agros” - the original name) have gained enormous popularity.
More than forty thousand cars rolled off the plant's assembly line. From 2008 to 2011, Agro production was suspended, and then it was restored and continues to this day.
The popularity of the walk-behind tractor both in the first years of production and today is due to the high quality of spare parts, build quality, and the power of the unit.
The main purpose of the heavy Agro walk-behind tractor is the entire range of work on medium and large areas.
Despite the fact that other Russian manufacturers produce equipment with a large amount of horsepower, Agros has not yet delivered leadership positions, getting the most positive reviews from the owners.
Engine parameters
The heavy walk-behind tractor "Agro" is equipped with an 8-horsepower gasoline engine. Number of cylinders - 1, stroke - 4. By technical indicators The device can easily be classified as a professional device. Its endurance and power allow the machine to be used on areas with a total area of up to several hectares. Engine cooling system: air blowing.
Engine model - gasoline UMZ-341. Options and general scheme The engine design is in many ways similar to the Japanese Honda engine of the GX240 brand, the same number of horses, engine life, endurance and ability to work for many years without breakdowns. The compression ratio is reduced, so the walk-behind tractor can easily operate even on inexpensive gasoline such as AI-76, 80 or 92.
The cylinder in the engine is located in an inclined manner, the angle of inclination is 25 degrees. The engine is lubricated with oil in a certain way, namely: there is no splashing of oil. A special pump supplies oil (under pressure, using a pump) after filtering to all contacting parts of the engine. Engine capacity is 333 cc.
Main characteristics of the Agro walk-behind tractor
The walk-behind tractor has the following characteristics:
- can perform any agricultural work on small, medium and large plots;
- will be useful to gardeners;
- used for utility functions (cleaning, transportation, cleaning);
- sowing and harvesting work - planting crops, root crops, harvesting;
- the steering column is rotatable, thanks to this option the control handle can be placed at an angle of 30 degrees in two planes, and also rotated in a mirror, thereby increasing the level of comfort when operating the unit when clearing snow or mowing hay;
- large wheels;
- weight suitable for work of any complexity (160 kg);
- availability of attachments, the ability to adapt to working with attachments from walk-behind tractors "Ugra", "Neva", "Cascade", "Salyut", "Oka" and other Russian motorized vehicles;
- engine reliability, good feedback about performance, endurance and durability.
Operating and Maintenance Instructions
Before you start using the Agro walk-behind tractor, read the operating instructions. Keep the instructions for the entire period of use of the unit.
Oil and fuel
- engine oil - for air-cooled carburetor engines, according to the season, for example, SAE15W/30;
- gear oil - SAE80/W90;
- fuel - gasoline AI-86, 90;
- lubricants - Litol-24, synthetic grease, fatty grease.
First launch and run-in
Before the first start, set the gearbox lever to neutral and the PTO to the disengaged position.
Light types are allowed transport work(with a low trailer load), as well as working with a walk-behind tractor at partial engine load.
Main causes of breakdowns
The Agro walk-behind tractor may not start for several reasons:
- insufficient amount of fuel;
- insufficient oil level;
- hypothermia of the walk-behind tractor, too low air temperature (in winter);
- more serious faults requiring repair.
The most common problems:
- oil leakage (can occur due to wear of the cuffs or due to their damage, can be eliminated by replacing the cuffs);
- the clutch is not completely disengaged (the clutch lever moves freely, the cable is pulled too far, this can be eliminated by replacing or shortening the cable, as well as adjusting the lever to normal);
- there is no full torque (perhaps the pressure spring is weakened or the drive cup is worn out, this can be eliminated by replacement or adjustment).
Design and diagram of walk-behind tractor, engine
Components of the Agro walk-behind tractor:
- steering rod with reverse;
- two-wheel chassis;
- engine (attached to the body of the clutch control mechanism);
- power transmission.
Behind the engine are located:
- transmission;
- Transmission;
- clutch;
- main gear;
- differential with lock;
- final drive;
Engine diagram of the Agro walk-behind tractor - UMZ-341
Design, repair and adjustment of the carburetor
The diagram below shows the design of the carburetor of the Agro walk-behind tractor - model KR-45R.
Carburetor type: float. Horizontal diffuser arrangement.
Adjustment (tuning) of the carburetor of the Agro walk-behind tractor is carried out only when the engine is warm; the position of the throttle valve is adjusted using a special adjusting screw. Revolutions idle move should be so small that the engine operates and sounds homogeneously and evenly. The maximum and minimum engine speeds are adjusted several times until the desired result is achieved.
Seals, boots, bearings
- For Agro walk-behind tractors, bearings with an internal diameter of 20 mm and an external diameter of 47 mm are used. Bearing width - 14 mm.
- Oil seals (cuffs) for this model: for gearbox/transmission, seal size 2.2-30×52×1, for input shaft gland dimensions 20×42×10 mm
- Boots for "Agros": universal for walk-behind tractors with a power of 6-9 hp.
Clutch, transmission, flywheel
The Agros transmission consists of the following elements:
- cone clutch - dry type, with friction clutch;
- gear reducer;
- differential (there is a forced locking function).
Number of gears: 4 forward, 2 reverse.
Ignition, starter, spark plugs
- The Agro walk-behind tractor is ignited using a contactless magneto MB-23U.
- The walk-behind tractor is started by a manual starter; after starting, the cord is automatically removed. The power of the electric generator of the walk-behind tractor engine is 25 watts.
Spark plugs for this unit: type A11-3. Replacement with spark plugs of type A-17B is allowed (when switching to a higher high quality gasoline, for example, on AI-92).
For such a transition, you also need to shift the ignition timing by two degrees. The direction of displacement is counterclockwise.
Video review of the operation of the Agro walk-behind tractor
Video about preparing the Agros walk-behind tractor for plowing
Video about hilling potatoes
If you are the owner of a walk-behind tractor of this model, share a link to a video about the operation of your equipment in the comments to this article.
"Agro" represents a whole the lineup heavy walk-behind tractors, which are most often used by farmers, professional builders, foresters, and utility workers. Imagine a full-time job in different areas National economy without these devices it is impossible.
Features and purpose
The units are distinguished by their reliability, wide functionality and high wear resistance. The weight and dimensions of the walk-behind tractor are comparable to small tractors; large “toothed” wheels increase the similarity. "Agro" has excellent performance, it has proven itself the best side and is enthusiastically purchased by farmers throughout the country. This technique is intended for the following tasks:
- plowing the land;
- harrowing the soil;
- cleaning the area during heavy snowfalls;
- removal of bulky debris and leaves;
- transportation of heavy loads.
The block design is classic; there is a single-axis design with a shaft that distributes power. The model has a durable transmission. Main dynamic nodes:
- gear reducer;
- cone-shaped dry clutch;
- differential lock;
- Reversing makes it possible to maneuver 360 degrees.
All these elements give the walk-behind tractor good dynamics, which allows it to work in the most difficult terrain, under any climatic conditions. Another important quality of the walk-behind tractor is the ability to connect various equipment, including foreign and “non-format” equipment that is made by hand.
Such features make the walk-behind tractor a “workhorse” that can be used in the most different situations as:
- mowers;
- ground hook;
- hilling unit;
- for clearing snow debris;
- potato diggers and potato planters;
- vehicle;
- cutter (you can install several).
The basic configuration includes only wheels and a hitch, which can provide fastening for various equipment.
The lineup
Motoblocks "Agro" are created at the specialized enterprise "Ufa Engine-Building Production Association". The history of the plant dates back to the creation of aircraft engines. More than twenty years ago, the company's management developed a model that began production in 1998. Farmers welcomed the appearance of the new unit; it began to be in mass demand among rural workers.
Unit characteristics:
- excellent build quality;
- low price;
- guarantee;
- service maintenance;
- the engine is UMZ-341;
- single-cylinder four-stroke design (8 hp).
Recently, the manufacturer began to install Lifan engines similar to the HONDA GX-220 model. The prices for these units are significantly lower, the Lifan-170F power plant is simple and reliable.
Design
The design of the walk-behind tractor is simple; repair the unit in field conditions does not present any difficulty, you can always find it on the market necessary spare parts By fair price. Characteristics of "Agro":
- case length 1182 mm;
- height 855 mm and 1110 mm;
- ground clearance 252 mm;
- turning radius 1210 mm;
- non-adjustable track width 610 mm;
- the structure weighs 162 kg.
This unit has its drawbacks, but there are noticeably more obvious advantages. The walk-behind tractor is designed for a processing depth of up to 205 mm, while the traction impulse can reach 100 kgf. The walk-behind tractor can transport half a ton of cargo at a speed of 15.2 km/h. The engine is equipped with a UMZ-341 carburetor, which runs on low-octane gasoline. The motor has a “progenitor” - the Honda GX240 engine. The power plant is also capable of operating on 92 gasoline.
The engine has:
- volume 0.3 liters;
- power 8 horsepower;
- torque 17 N/m;
- There is only one cylinder in the engine, its diameter is 79 millimeters.
Fuel is consumed on average two liters per hour, its actual consumption is 395 (289) g/kW per hour. The oil is supplied under pressure using a pump, passing through the filter, it is well cleaned.
Additional dimensions:
- track 610 mm (changes possible up to 755 mm);
- turning radius 655 mm;
- does not have a frame frame, instead there is a transmission housing;
- wheel parameters 6x12 inches;
- tire pressure 0.09 -14 MPa.
The starter for a walk-behind tractor is the most important element, without it the engine cannot work normally. The part often fails; replacing it is easy. Also in the power plant there is a backup starter - an electric starter (on latest models there are two of them). You can also start the engine manually. It is important to note that the battery capacity affects the duration of the starter operation.
The gearbox and differential are located in one block, it also contains a shaft that takes power, the mechanism provides reliable grip. The differential allows you to have different speeds wheels when turning, which gives a noticeable advantage when driving over rough terrain. The clutch is frictional, conical, constantly in contact manual control.
If a strange grinding noise is heard in the gearbox, this is a signal that you need to add oil to the gearbox. It also happens that the oil is of poor quality. Therefore, it is best to use the lubricant recommended in the operating instructions. If, while using the walk-behind tractor, complaints arise about the gearbox, then it should be disassembled and the gear teeth should be straightened. It often happens that the teeth need to be changed. To correctly adjust the axial arrangement of the shafts, you should install another rings for fixation. Bearings also often wear out and should be replaced.
“Agros” showed itself to be excellent not only during tillage, but also during mowing, when deep potholes are not visible under the tall grass. The walk-behind tractor cutter is almost universal; questions arise only with excessively “heavy” soils that are difficult to “take” to great depths.
On the unit there is fuel tank 6.2 liters, the engine consumes about three liters per hour of operation. Much depends on the volume of valve operation and the load on the engine; consumption can reach four liters. On the market, walk-behind tractors are sold on average from 25 to 30 thousand rubles; there is always a steady demand for such equipment. Not new unit with fully equipped will cost at least 46 thousand rubles. If the equipment is “zero”, that is, completely new, then the price can reach up to 65 thousand rubles.
Analogues of Agro with which it successfully competes:
- "Belarus-09H";
- "Burlak 10 DF";
- "Belarus 08 MT".
In general, the model showed itself at its best as a reliable and unpretentious unit. Many spare parts can be taken from others Vehicle, for example, the size of the VAZ hub is suitable for the Agro walk-behind tractor.
Attachments
“Agro” meets all the criteria according to which the unit can be called universal. Any attachment for this device is suitable, but the following devices work best:
- potato digger;
- front adapter;
- reversible plow;
- snow blower;
- dump;
- mower.
The AHM-4 mechanized block unit also performed well; it makes it possible to turn a walk-behind tractor into a mini-tractor in a short period of time. KH mowers have also proven themselves to be very good. A wide special brush ShchR-08 can be useful for cleaning roads, as well as a universal trailer that allows you to transport payloads over rough terrain over long distances. Snow blower mounted on a walk-behind tractor; able to cope with snow drifts up to one and a half meters high.
Principle of operation
The Agro walk-behind tractor belongs to the category of small-scale mechanization equipment and can be called the standard of reliability and high productivity. The unit is unpretentious in operation, requires minimal preventive maintenance, and is indispensable for working in summer cottages and large agricultural holdings. “Agro” operates on a single-axle basis, has a good transmission, which contains a gearbox (6 gears), a bevel clutch, and a differential lock. The machine has four gears, reverse and can withstand various mechanical and other loads. The steering column allows you to set the wheels at an angle of 32 degrees and make turns of 180 degrees, which gives the unit significant maneuverability.
Operating rules
Before you start working on this unit, you should thoroughly study what the operating instructions contain. The engine of the Agro walk-behind tractor is unpretentious to fuel; it is permissible to use the following brand of gasoline:
- AI-80;
- AI-92;
- AI-95.
The second Lifan engine requires only 92 and 95 marks. It is important that the fuel is clean and free of impurities. The tap is located 1.6 cm from the bottom of the tank, so you should keep in mind that the fuel located at the bottom remains in the tank and does not enter the engine. A similar design was made with the intention that as many foreign impurities as possible would enter the engine. Before starting work, you should fill at least half of the tank.
It is better to use M-5z/10G1 oil in the cold season. When the weather is warm outside, it is best to use oil M-6Z/12G1. It is also possible to use universal compounds 10W-30 and 15W-30. It is recommended to change the oil every hundred hours of operation of the unit. The crankcase has a volume of 1.22 liters. Transmissions are usually lubricated with standard Nigrol, but any equivalent labeled 80W-90 will also work. The transmission tank can hold 2.55 liters of fuel.
If we talk about controls, the levers are extremely unpretentious in operation, their repair and adjustment are simple. For lubrication, ordinary grease or its equivalent is quite suitable. At the beginning of work, you should pay close attention to the correct filling of fuel: not only gasoline, but also oil is poured, otherwise there is a risk of engine damage. After purchasing a new device, it is recommended to “ride” a little empty at the very beginning so that the dynamic components get used to each other. It is useful to carry out some simple field work using only 50% of the power of the power plant.
The K45R carburetor forms the fuel mixture; the importance of its work cannot be underestimated. At the beginning of the warm season, this should be configured and adjusted important node. To do this, the following steps are taken:
- the screws that are responsible for adjusting the gas are removed, then they need to be tightened back a couple of turns;
- The engine warms up for about 15 minutes, while the lever responsible for the operation of the power plant is placed in its extreme position.
- Using the throttle, the minimum mode is set idle work engine;
- adjustment is made using screws (if you unscrew too many of them, more gasoline will flow).
Features of care
Like any technical device, the Agro walk-behind tractor requires maintenance, so you should have a good idea of how best to carry out repairs. Causes of breakdowns of the Agro unit:
- wear of parts;
- improper operation;
- neglect of safety rules.
The most common malfunctions are:
- spark plugs do not work;
- machine oil is produced;
- gaskets wear out;
- the fuel line is clogged;
- the chain breaks.
If we look more closely, we can draw the following conclusions. The transmission components heat up, the reason is the heating of the bearings due to a lack of oil in them, it is also possible that the oil is substandard. To repair this unit, you must first disassemble it, change the bearings, as well as the oil itself. Then you should adjust all the components and assemble all the elements. The most common breakdown is a malfunction of the transmission; for this, the clutch must be adjusted in time and correctly. If the clutch is tightened too tightly, then the screw must be unscrewed a little. If slipping is observed, then the screw is tightened. Sometimes the clutch needs to be disassembled. This is done in the following sequence:
- old oil is drained;
- the transmission is disconnected from the engine;
- the spring is removed from the pressure plate;
- disks are dismantled;
- the lock washer is removed;
- remove the nut that secures the drum;
- After eliminating the defects, assembly occurs in the reverse order.
During operation, sudden jerks of the unit sometimes occur. This indicates insufficient pressure in tires. Another reason is the attachments, which need to be tidied up and adjusted. Caring for the power plant is reduced in 85% of cases to replacing parts that have served their purpose. These components include a large spring, as well as a second starter. The electric starter is connected directly to the battery, testing and installation is done according to the instructions.
In order for the walk-behind tractor to work for many years without complaints, you should do a preventive inspection of the unit on average once every three months. The power plant has a belt connection. If the belt is too tight, damage may occur. If the belt is too loosely tensioned, “slippage” will occur and the engine will not produce the required speed. Preventive inspection of the belt is mandatory.
4 ENGINE DEVICE
The UMZ-341 and UMZ-341E engine (Figure 1) is a single-cylinder, four-stroke, gasoline, carburetor engine with overhead valves, spark ignition, with a horizontal engine shaft, with an inclined cylinder, has a centrifugal all-mode speed controller, a balancing shaft.
The UMZ-341 engine is designed for installation on a walk-behind tractor manufactured by OASGUMPO, supplied to domestic market and for export to countries with temperate climates.
The UMZ-341 E engine is made on the basis of the base model UMZ-341 and is intended to drive the AB-4 electrical unit.
The UMZ-341 E engine (Figure 1 sheet 13) has next difference from the UMZ-341 engine:
The UMZ-341E engine bracket has a "Stop" button.
The following main systems and mechanisms can be distinguished in the engine:
crank mechanism;
gas distribution mechanism;
Lubrication system;
supply system;
ignition and electrical system;
cooling system.
4.1 Crank mechanism
The crank mechanism is used to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft. The main parts of the crank mechanism are: a piston with rings and a pin, a connecting rod, crankshaft, flywheel and the basis of the power part - a cylinder with a crankcase.
Crankshaft 22 is single-track, has two main journals and one connecting rod journal, mounted on two bearings, one of which is rolling, the other is sliding. The plain bearing is installed in the crankcase housing, and the rolling bearing is installed in the crankcase cover.
Bearings, located in the crankcase sockets and its cover, limit the axial movement of the crankshaft; sealing is carried out using cuffs.
Flywheel 20 is designed to reduce uneven rotation of the crankshaft. A fan impeller is attached to the flywheel; For engine cooling. The required flywheel torque is provided by the weight of the flywheel with permanent magnets mounted in the flywheel. The flywheel assembly is statically and dynamically balanced.
Connecting rod 21 is made of aluminum alloy, the connecting rod rod is two-beam
sections. There is a hole for a finger in the upper head of the connecting rod. Lower
the connecting rod head is detachable, the connecting rod cover is secured to the rod with two nuts, When
assembling the mark (round or triangle bosses) on the connecting rod cover
and on the connecting rod must be combined. . . .
Piston 11 is cast from aluminum alloy and has grooves for installing two compression rings and one oil scraper ring.
The groove for the oil scraper ring has through holes to drain oil into the crankcase. The compression ring, the second from the top, is installed with the undercut facing down, and the oil scraper ring with the chamfer facing up. The locks of the compression rings must be separated from each other by 120°. Compression and oil scraper rings must rotate freely in the piston grooves.
In the middle part of the piston there are bosses with holes for installing piston pin 12. The piston pin is fixed in the piston bosses with retaining rings. Based on the size of the seating surface, the piston and pin are sorted into size groups. When assembling the pin with the piston, select one group.
When installed in a cylinder assembled piston group(piston, connecting rod, pin) the arrow on the piston bottom must point towards the flywheel
Crankcase with cylinder 23 cast from aluminum alloy together with cast iron sleeve and has a working surface for directing the movement of the piston, a supporting surface for mating with the cylinder head and fins for air cooling. Along the mating surface, the cylinder, like the piston, is divided into size groups. To ensure thermal clearance, pistons and cylinders are installed in the same size group.
The engine crankcase contains the crankshaft, camshaft and balancer shaft, oil pump, centrifugal regulator, oil filler neck with a measuring ruler.
Attached to the engine crankcase are: a gas tank, an oil filter, an extinguisher, and a cylinder head with valves.
4.2 Gas distribution mechanism
The gas distribution mechanism serves to organize gas exchange in the operating process of the engine, controlling the intake of the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder, closing the compression chamber and exhaust gases.
It consists of camshaft installed in the crankcase, pushrods, pushrods, intake and exhaust valves, plates, bushings, rocker arms.
To ensure engine operation under variable loads with minimal change in the previously set shaft speed, the engine is equipped with a centrifugal automatic regulator, which is installed on the balance shaft and regulates the change in the amount supplied to the cylinder working mixture in accordance with load changes.
The carburetor throttle valve 30 (Figure 1) is connected by a rod 32 to the control lever 34 through an intermediate lever 33. On the balance shaft 37, weights 38 and a sleeve 39 are mounted, when the shaft rotates centrifugal force The weights through the bushing tend to rotate the lever 19, on which the intermediate lever 33 is installed.
When the engine exceeds the set speed, the regulator will automatically close the carburetor throttle valve, reduce the supply of working mixture to the cylinder and reduce the crankshaft speed. As the load increases and the crankshaft speed decreases, the regulator will open the throttle valve and increase the flow of working mixture into the cylinder.
Camshaft 41 is hollow, manufactured as one piece with gear and timing cams. The camshaft gear has a mark “E” for setting the engagement with the crankshaft gear, respectively, with the mark “B.”.
Cylinder head 9 is a part of the gas distribution mechanism, has mounting surfaces, cavities forming the combustion chamber, valve box, intake and exhaust channels, hole for installing the spark plug. The cylinder head is closed with two covers 4 and 5.
1 Release valve 3, relatively intake valve has a smaller plate diameter and is made of heat-resistant material.
Rocker arms 8 are installed on studs. To adjust the gap between the valve and the rocker arm, an adjusting sleeve 7 and a locking nut 6 are installed in the rocker arm boss.
4.3 Lubrication system
Lubrication system - circulation, combined, consists of an oil pump rotary type, oil filter, bypass valve and oil intake. The connecting rod journal and sliding bearing of the crankshaft, camshaft support, and balance shaft are lubricated under pressure. The remaining parts are lubricated by splashing. The atomized oil, forming an oil mist inside the crankcase, reaches all rubbing parts of the engine and ensures their reliable lubrication. Oil is poured into the system in the amount of 1 ,2° 2 l through the hole in the crankcase, closed with a plug, with an oil measuring ruler 16. The oil is drained through the hole, closed with a plug 15.
4.4 Power system
The power system includes:
Fuel tank;
Carburetor;
Fuel line.
The power system serves to supply fuel, air and prepare a combustible mixture.
Fuel tank 1- capacity 6 liters, welded design, made of sheet steel.
Carburetor K45R (Figure 2) - float type with horizontal diffuser.
The carburetor has controls: a float stopper 9 for re-enriching the system with fuel at startup, a choke closing lever 7, a throttle lever 11 with a stop screw 10 for setting the throttle valve to a position that ensures engine operation at minimum idle speed, screws 8 and 12- idle speed adjustments.
To reduce noise when exhaust gases exit, a muffler 31 is installed. The muffler has a screen to protect against burns. The engine is equipped with an air filter that cleans the air from dust.
4.5 Ignition and power supply system
The ignition system serves to ignite the working mixture in the engine cylinder and generate electricity alternating current for the consumer to be able to use additional lighting by connecting a 21W (12V) car lamp. To the system ignition BSZ-2M motor included
Switch K-1M;
Magdino stator MD-4M or 1\4D-4M-01;
High-voltage transformer TLM-3;
Shielded spark plug tip ISNTs-3707160;
Candle A11-3; flywheel with 2 permanent magnets;
High voltage connecting wire;
“STOP” button (for UMZ-341E engine).
The MB-23U engine ignition system includes
Electronic unit;
Generating unit;
Shielded spark plug tip ISCN-3707160;
Candle A11-3;
Flywheel with 2 permanent magnets; connecting high voltage
the wire.
Elements of ignition systems (Figures 3,4,4a) are connected to each other by wires with detachable connections. The ignition coil and transformer generate energy when the flywheel rotates high voltage, which is connected to the spark plug through a high-voltage wire.
The moment of spark formation at the spark plug is ensured by the design of the ignition system during the combustion cycle of the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinder and changes automatically depending on the engine crankshaft speed.
4.6 Systemcooling
The cooling system is forced air and serves to maintain the engine temperature. The system includes: a blower fan and a casing that provides the necessary air flow distribution. The fan impeller 25 (Figure 1) is mounted on the flywheel 20 and has 24 blades in the radial direction. The cylinder and cylinder head are covered with a removable casing. As the flywheel rotates, the fan blades suck in air and force it between the casing and the fins of the cylinder and head, removing heat.
4.7 Manualstarter
The manual starter (Figure 5) is secured to the fan casing with four bolts. A plastic pulley 4 is installed in the steel housing 1, into the groove of which a cord 14 is wound. The axis of the pulley is a screw 7, screwed into the housing. Two spring-loaded pawls 5 are mounted at the end of the pulley. The return spring 2 is made of a spiral, installed in the internal groove of the pulley, the ends are bent, the inner end of the spring is hooked to the housing, and the outer end to the pulley. A ratchet 26 is installed on the crankshaft journal (Figure 1, sheet 2).
The starter works as follows: when the starter handle is pulled toward itself, the pulley begins to rotate, twisting the return spring, while the pawls, running over the thrust washer 6 (Figure 5), turn and engage with the ratchet, and the crankshaft begins to spin.
When the starter handle is released or the engine starts, the pawls disengage with the ratchet, and the pulley, under the influence of the return spring, begins to rotate in the opposite direction, winding up the cord.
5 PREPARING THE ENGINE FOR OPERATION
5.1 Carry out an external inspection of the engine, check the tightness of all nuts and bolts of the engine, and the fastening of the engine to the frame.
5:2 Installed on the crankshaft cone pos. 22 (Figure 1) the drive pulley (coupling half or gear) must be tightened with a M16x1.5 nut with a torque of 11±1 kgf, m. In this case, the contact of the mating cones (> 1:5) on the paint must be 75% of the surface, no less.
5.3 Check the correct connection of fuel and electrical communications and pipelines.
5.4 Unscrew and remove the plug with the oil level gauge on the engine crankcase.
Pour 1.2"02 liters of engine oil into the crankcase through a funnel with a mesh, to the level of the upper mark of the oil gauge screwed into the crankcase.
Check the oil level in the engine crankcase. Maintain the oil level near the top mark. Starting the engine with an oil level below the lower line of the oil gauge is prohibited.
5.5 Check whether the fuel supply valve to the carburetor is closed. Remove the cap from the filler neck of the fuel tank and pour the used gasoline into the tank through a silk filter or fine mesh, avoiding overfilling the tank. Reinstall the gas tank filler cap.
5.6 To depreserve the engine, disconnect the wire with tip from the spark plug, unscrew the spark plug, wash with gasoline and dry. Disconnect the block with black and red wires between the Magdino stator and the switch (Appendix A). Pour 50±5 grams of the used gasoline into the spark plug hole. Smoothly, without jerking, turn the crankshaft with a manual starter 3 to 5 times (by pressing the "STOP" button - for the UMZ-341E engine) to reactivate the engine. When turning the crankshaft, pay attention to the ease and smoothness of engine rotation. Sticking and unusual noise may be caused by some kind of malfunction.
DO NOT START THE ENGINE UNTIL THE PROBLEM IS REPAIRED!
Screw the spark plug into the cylinder head and attach a high voltage wire with a tip to it. Connect the block with black and red wires.
6 STARTING AND STOPPING THE ENGINE
6.1 The engine starts at ambient temperature from plus 40 to minus 20°C without special devices easier startup.
6.2 Open the fuel supply valve to the carburetor. To avoid breaking the seal of the fuel tap of the gas tank, do not twist the axis of the rod with the cam (opening and closing lever) and the cap of the tap. While pressing the float reducer, check the flow of gasoline into the carburetor.
6.3 Smoothly turn the crankshaft with a manual starter 3 to 5 times.
6.4 Cover up air damper carburetor by turning the lever to the horizontal position.
ATTENTION! WHEN STARTING A HOT ENGINE DO NOT CLOSE THE CHAKE!
6.5 To facilitate engine starting, install the piston after TDC ( top dead points) on the expansion stroke and sharply pull the starter handle.
6.6 After starting the engine, open the carburetor choke, set the idle speed and warm up the engine for 5 minutes.
6.7 To stop the engine, pull out the emergency switch cord on the steering rod of the walk-behind tractor (or press the “Stop” button located on the UMZ-341E engine bracket). If the engine is stopped for a long time, more than three months, it is necessary to drain the gasoline from the fuel tank and preserve the engine in accordance with Section 11 of this manual.
6.8 After stopping the engine, close the fuel supply valve to the carburetor (to prevent fuel from entering the engine crankcase when tilted).
7 ENGINE BREAK-IN
7.1 During the initial period of operation, the engine must undergo a run-in, which is necessary to break in the rubbing parts.
7.2 The durability and efficiency of engine operation largely depend on compliance with the operating mode during the initial period of operation - during break-in.
7.3 Duration of engine running-in: 28 hours, no less. The first two hours of engine running-in should only be done at idle speed without load at a rotation speed of up to 2500 rpm.
ATTENTION!
7.4 During the running-in process, operate the engine at work not exceeding half its power.
7.5.After running in, inspect the engine, eliminate faults, and, if necessary, tighten all bolts and nuts. Check the tightness of the cylinder head nuts and tighten them in a cross pattern to compensate for the initial running-in at a torque of 50-5 N.m (5.0-0.5 kgf.m.). Change the oil and oil filter, check thermal clearances in accordance with clauses 9.2,10.2 of this manual.
Note. Run-in of engines installed on units should be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions for this unit.
8 EXPLOITATIONENGINE
To ensure normal and trouble-free operation of the engine during the assigned service life, it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements during operation:
Do not use the engine for work where the required power exceeds the power developed by the engine (4.0 kW for the UMZ-341E engine and 5.88 kW for the UMZ-341 engine);
Start the engine only after checking the oil level in the crankcase using an oil dipstick. Do not operate the engine when the oil level is below the lower mark on the oil gauge;
ATTENTION! Check the oil level only with the engine stopped!
Turn on the load on the engine smoothly, without jerking or impact.
Immediately stop operating the engine if extraneous knocking noises appear in it;
Do not overload the engine. Immediately remove the load from the engine if detonation occurs (appearance metallic knocks in the cylinder).
Do not change the factory settings of the speed controller. Do not turn off the speed regulator - set the engine operating mode only with the throttle regulator lever;
ATTENTION! Do not disturb the adjustment of screw pos. 48 figure 1), limiting maximum speed!
When operating the engine, leakage of gases, combustible mixtures, oil and gasoline at the joints and through the cuffs is not allowed;
When starting the engine, do not completely pull out the starter cord 14, as this may lead to destruction of the plastic pulley 4.
9 MAINTENANCE
9.1 When performing maintenance, it is necessary to use spare parts, tools and accessories from the set of spare parts and tools supplied with the engine.
9.2 After the break-in is completed, change the oil every 250 ± 5 hours of engine operation. The oil filter must be replaced at every oil change. It is necessary to drain the oil from the crankcase while it is warm (after operation or warming up the engine) through the drain plug located in the lower part of the crankcase.
To drain the oil, it is necessary to unscrew the plug with an oil gauge to ensure the crankcase is vented to the atmosphere. After draining the oil, tighten the plug. Fill the engine crankcase with fresh oil to the level of the upper mark on the oil gauge. Start the engine and check for oil leaks.
9.3 Every 250 ± 5 hours of engine operation, replace the air cleaning filter element with a new one.
9.4 Periodically clean the fins of the cylinder and impeller blades from dust and dirt (contamination of the fins leads to a deterioration in heat transfer, increased heating of the engine and, as a result, jamming of the piston).
9.5 Periodically, before starting the engine, inspect the engine mounting elements, if.
9.6 Keep the vent hole of the fuel tank filler plug clean. If clogged, clean the hole.
9.7 Before each engine start, inspect the recoil starter. Clean the ventilation holes on the recoil starter housing from dirt and debris.
9.8 After the first 30 hours and every 100 ± 10 hours of engine operation, remove the cylinder head cover and measure the thermal clearances between the fifth of the rocker arm and the end of the intake and exhaust valve stems, which should be in the range from 0.08 to 0.1 mm.
If necessary, adjust the gaps in accordance with subsection 10.2 of this manual.
9.9 When performing maintenance on the ignition system, periodically clean the units from fuel, oil and dirt. At the same time, remove the flywheel using the puller tool included in the kit. Check connections electrical circuit. Make sure there are no exposed wires or damaged insulation.
The installation risk on the engine crankcase and stator of the Magdino MD-4M was made using the impact method (Figure 3).
When replacing the Magdino stator MD-4M (MD-4M-01) or the magneto generator unit MB-23U, the flywheel or the “out” of the ignition timing on the engine, as a result of the Magdino stator being loosened, set the ignition timing to 28+1° for the BSZ-2M ignition system or 31 ±1° for the MB-23U ignition system at a flywheel speed of 3600 rpm, for which:
Remove the air cooling casing and recoil starter;
- remove the flywheel;
Remove the ignition system stator;
Install the new stator on the motor and secure it;
Install and secure the flywheel;
Connect the STB-1 type strobe to the power source according to its instruction manual;
Using a cord wound on a ratchet, start the engine and set the maximum engine speed to 3600 min-1, check the SPD, the mark along the direction of rotation of the flywheel with the corresponding marking for the ignition system used (28 or 31) must coincide with the pin or mark on the engine crankcase , which will be provided by the SOP.
If the SOP is less or more than required, it is necessary to turn the stator counterclockwise or clockwise, respectively, until the required SOP is obtained.
ATTENTION! The elements of the BSZ-2 M or MB-23 U ignition systems are not interchangeable; when replacing the ignition system, replace them as a set!
10 ENGINE ADJUSTMENT 10.1 Carburetor adjustment
The engine carburetor is adjusted in case of unstable engine operation in the following sequence:
Start the engine and warm it up without load for 2 to 3 minutes;
Turn out the idle speed adjusting screw 8 (Figure 2) to a position at which the engine begins to operate unstably. Slowly tighten the screw to achieve a stable uninterrupted operation engine;
By rotating the thrust screw 10, set the throttle valve to the minimum opening position, at which the engine runs stably at the minimum idle speed, then by rotating the adjusting screw 12 achieve a maximum increase in engine speed. Use the thrust screw 10 to adjust the regulated speed;
If gasoline is poured through the carburetor float chamber, it is necessary to remove the float chamber and check the condition of the float, shut-off needle, and valve seat.
10.2 Adjusting valve clearances
Adjust the gaps between the valve and the rocker arm on a cold engine in the following sequence:
Remove muffler 31 and air cooling casing 49 (Figure 1);
- remove covers 4 and 5 of the cylinder head (Figure 1);
Check the tightness of the cylinder head nuts;
Set the piston to the top dead center (TDC) of the compression stroke, aligning the mark “E” on the end of the flywheel with the pin “1^” on the crankcase body (Figure 1, sheet 3);
Note:
To determine the compression stroke, remove the spark plug, cover the spark plug hole with your finger, slowly turning the engine crankshaft until pressure appears under your finger. This is the compression stroke.
Loosen the lock nut 6 and the bushing 7 of the rocker arm 8 and, inserting a 0.08 or 0.1 mm feeler plate between the heel of the rocker arm 8 and the valve hub 3, tighten the bushing 7 so that the feeler plate fits into the gap without biting. Tighten the lock nut 6;
Check the thermal clearances between the rocker arm heel and the highlander of the intake and exhaust valve stems. Reinstall the removed parts in reverse order.
ATTENTION! IMPROPER ADJUSTMENT OF THERMAL CLEARANCES RESULTS IN ENGINE DAMAGE. BEFORE PERFORMING WORK, CAREFULLY READ P. 10.2 OF THIS MANUAL.
11 ENGINE PRESERVATION AND STORAGE
11.1 Carry out internal preservation of the engine in accordance with GOST 9.014 no later than 10 minutes after stopping the engine in the following order:
Disconnect the wire with the tip from the spark plug, unscrew the spark plug, wash* with gasoline and dry, disconnect the block connecting the black and red wires from the commutator and the Magdino stator (Appendix A). Pour 20 to 25 grams into the cylinder through the spark plug hole clean oil, used on the engine;
Smoothly, without jerking, (when pressing the "STOP" button - for the UMZ-341E engine) rotate the engine crankshaft 5-6 revolutions using the starting handle;
Put the spark plug in place, dip the threaded part in oil and connect the high voltage wire to it;
Drain gasoline from the fuel tank.
Connect the block with black and red wires.
11.2 To carry out external preservation of the engine, perform the following work:
Clean the engine from dirt and dust, wipe all external surfaces with a clean cloth moistened with gasoline. When wiping, make sure that gasoline does not get on wires, electrical equipment, or rubber parts. The surface to be touched up must be clean and free of oil;
Unpainted surfaces, except aluminum parts and rubber parts, should be lubricated with CIATIM-201 GOST6267 lubricant.
Before painting areas with damaged paintwork
clean with fine sandpaper, wipe with gasoline;
Touch up with enamel ML-12 GOST 9754 of the appropriate color; drying - at a temperature of 130 to 135°C using a reflector for 30 minutes, no less.
11.3 The specified preservation, subject to storage conditions, ensures the safety of the engine for 12 months.
11.4 The engine should be stored in a dry, closed room. Simultaneous storage of materials that cause corrosion (acids, alkalis, lime, etc.) in the room is prohibited.
Agro walk-behind tractors are produced in Ufa at the Ufa Engine Production Association. This enterprise is prominent representative manufacturers of aircraft engines in Russia.
The development of the Agro walk-behind tractor began for the first time in 1996, and by 1998 it had already been delivered to mass production. Further, it has found wide application in farm lands and garden plots.
A special feature of Agro walk-behind tractors is that the engines are not purchased from abroad, but are produced directly at the factory. Thanks to this, the price of the device can be significantly reduced. At the same time, the build quality remains at a high level.
Initially, the production of Agro series walk-behind tractors was carried out at the Ufa Engine Plant. The model was released under the Agros brand, but was soon renamed.
The UMZ-341 engine is installed on Agro walk-behind tractors. It's single cylinder four-stroke device 8 hp It successfully competes with imported models. Among Russian manufacturers there is simply no analogue to it.
Recently, Lifan engines have become especially popular. They are an identical copy famous model HONDA GX-220. At the same time, the price for the Lifan motor is significantly lower, which allows you to leave the price at the same level.
Oil and fuel
A distinctive feature of the UMZ-341 engine is its unpretentiousness to fuel. You can use AI-80, AI-92 or AI-95. But Lifan only works with 92 and 95 brands. The main thing is to fill in pure gasoline without foreign impurities. Because in this case there is a high probability that the fuel system will become clogged.
An important nuance is the fact that the fuel intake valve is located at a height of 1.5 cm from the bottom of the tank. And the fuel that is below does not enter the carburetor. This is done specifically to prevent mechanical impurities from getting into fuel pump, since the Agro walk-behind tractor is operated with soil and there is a possibility of soil getting into the tank. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to fill at least half a tank of gasoline.
In the operating instructions for the K45R carburetor winter time It is recommended to use oil M-5z/10G1, and in the summer - M-6z/12G1. If you don’t want to think about what time of year to use oil, then you can buy a universal one from the 10W-30 or 15W-30 series.
It is necessary to change the oil every 100 hours of operation of the Agro walk-behind tractor. The crankcase volume is designed for 1.2 liters.
To lubricate the transmission, you can use regular Soviet Nigrol or any other equivalent with a classification of 80W-90. The transmission tank capacity is 2.5 liters.
The control levers are also easy to maintain. To process them, you can use classic Litol-24 or Fatty Solidol.
Run-in
Particular attention must be paid to the start of operation, since the longevity of the Agro walk-behind tractor will depend on the correct start.
Before the first start, be sure to fill not only gasoline, but also oil!
Because they are sold from the factory without these fluids. And if you forget to pour oil into the crankcase of the Agro walk-behind tractor, then strong friction will occur on the parts, and you can break the mechanism even before full work begins.
Before active start of operation, it is necessary to run in the Agro walk-behind tractor. Implies half application maximum power. The ideal break-in option is to drive with an empty trailer, since there is a load on the engine, but it is small. If there is no trailer, then you can start doing field work at half power. If your plow is designed to immerse 18 cm into the ground, then when running in you should not immerse more than 9 cm.
Running in the Agro walk-behind tractor is done so that the parts get used to each other and fit securely into the grooves.
Agro walk-behind tractor at work:
The Agro walk-behind tractor is a piece of equipment, and no matter how reliable it is, sooner or later something may fail and you need to know how to repair it.
Major breakdowns
The main cause of breakdowns in Agro walk-behind tractors is considered to be wear of parts or their incorrect settings. This question is especially relevant when starting a robot after winter downtime. Therefore, before starting operation, it is necessary to completely inspect the entire walk-behind tractor system, eliminate possible problems and configure all parts of the device.
During operation, the following breakdowns most often occur:
- Spark plug fault;
- The oil in the units has run out;
- The cylinder head gasket is worn out;
- The fuel system is clogged with debris;
- The gear chain has become unusable.
Let's take a closer look at each part, possible breakdowns and ways to solve the problem.
Strong heating of transmission units
The main reason for this breakdown is wear of the friction bearings, lack of oil in the transmission, poor quality lubricant. To repair these problems you should: change the bearings, replace transmission oil or top it up.
Jerking during operation
The main problem here is the condition of the wheels: different tire pressures or the tread has worn out. The attachment may also be incorrectly adjusted.
For repairs, it is necessary to check the tire pressure or correct setting weights.
Large vibration of the Agro walk-behind tractor
This behavior of the walk-behind tractor is typical when attachments are connected incorrectly or bolted connections are loosened. In this case, it is strictly prohibited to carry out work. Stop the engine and tighten the bolts.
Problems starting the engine
Before you begin repairing the Agro walk-behind tractor, you need to determine the problem. There may be two of them in the engine: the engine does not work at all, or it works, but intermittently.
Solutions:
- Before starting, visually inspect whether everything is in order, whether oil is leaking anywhere, or whether there are any damaged parts. Then check the tightness of all bolted connections, tighten if necessary;
- After winter downtime, the following problems in engine operation are possible:
- Contacts have oxidized;
- They forgot to drain the gasoline and oil, and over the winter a large amount of water accumulated in it;
- Debris has accumulated in the K45R carburetor jets;
- The insulation of the wires has been damaged.
- Do not use oil that has expired or is of poor quality. Can be applied great harm engine;
- The fuel must be free of foreign impurities and High Quality, otherwise the fuel system will become clogged;
- If the device is at an angle, then it should be placed on a flat surface;
- Check the entire gasoline supply system to the carburetor;
- Check the condition of the spark plugs.
The structure of the walk-behind tractor and the engine
The walk-behind tractor consists of a single-axle chassis with two wheels. It has 4 installed stroke motor Lifan or UMZ-341, power transmission and transfer rod for control. A control mechanism is connected to the engine.
Directly behind the engine are installed: transmission, clutch, gearbox, differential with forced blocking and power take-off shaft.
How to replace the engine on Lifan:
The wheels are connected to the final drive shaft. They are equipped with pneumatic tires with a pressure of 0.8-0.12 kgf/cm 2.
To aggregate the hitch, a bracket with a width of 72 mm with special holes for the clamp and the pivot is used.
The steering rod is attached to the transmission where the main control levers are located.
It is important to study the operating instructions for the Agro walk-behind tractor in order to know the diagram, details and be able to carry out repairs yourself.
Carburetor
The carburetor is responsible for preparing the fuel mixture. And if his work is incorrect, the result is immediately visible. It is recommended to adjust the carburetor before starting agricultural work.
To adjust the carburetor, follow these steps:
- unscrew the screws that regulate the minimum and maximum throttle, and then screw it back about two turns;
- The engine is allowed to warm up for 10 minutes;
- It is necessary to set the lever that controls the operation of the motor to the minimum position. The engine operation should not stop;
- Expose minimum level idle speed using the throttle valve. The engine should run smoothly, without any extraneous noise or wheezing.
- We adjust the position of the screws to create an accurate fuel mixture (when tightened, a large amount of gasoline flows in; when loosened, it decreases)
Basically, malfunctions in the carburetor are solved by tuning it. If this does not help, then you need to remove it from the engine. Then carefully disassemble and wipe with a soft cloth moistened with gasoline to remove carbon deposits. Afterwards, you should dry the K45R carburetor for the Agro walk-behind tractor and only then reassemble it in the reverse order.
If during disassembly you notice a chip on the carburetor, then you cannot repair it. It is recommended to replace the device with a new one.
Reducer and gearbox
Here are the main malfunctions that arise from the gearbox and gearbox:
Oil leaks
This behavior is typical when the seals on the bearings are worn or incorrectly installed, the gaskets under them are damaged, the cover is not tightened, the air valve is clogged, or there is an excess amount of lubricant in the tanks.
Depending on the reason, certain actions must be taken:
- Adjust or replace oil seals;
- Replace gaskets;
- Tighten connections;
- Clean the breather;
- Drain off excess oil.
Difficulty shifting gearbox
This behavior of the Agro walk-behind tractor manifests itself in many owners of this equipment. Here are the main reasons and ways to repair them:
- Due to wear and tear of parts that take part in gear shifting. Most often, the ends of the gears wear out. The consequence of this is involuntary gear shifting or difficulty in locking. In case of such a breakdown, you should disassemble the gearbox and grind the ends of the teeth. In situations where this is not possible, you will need complete replacement gear.
- Shaft splines are worn or misaligned. This failure occurs due to wear of the friction bearings or retaining rings. In order to configure correct position the shaft of the Agro walk-behind tractor, additional locking rings should be used. If the bearings are worn out, they should be replaced with new ones.
- Incorrect clutch adjustment can result in difficulty shifting gears. That is, you cannot lock the clutch lever in its final position. Most often, this happens when the owner is inexperienced and releases the lever too early during a shift. The solution is to adjust the clutch and change the position of the lever correctly.
The gearbox is a complex junction. If you do not understand the principle of the gearbox, then you should not repair the Agro walk-behind tractor yourself. In this case, it is better to contact specialists.
Clutch and transmission
A transmission is a system that serves to transmit torque from the engine to the shaft.
In an Agro walk-behind tractor, the transmission consists of the following parts: clutch, gearbox, final drive and differential.
Clutch design
The most common repair of the Agro walk-behind tractor transmission involves adjusting the clutch.
In cases where the clutch “drives”, that is, when the lever is pressed all the way, the device tries to move forward, then the adjusting screw should be unscrewed.
If the clutch slips (when the lever is released, the Agro walk-behind tractor remains in place or produces a low number of revolutions), then the adjustment screw must be tightened completely.
After completing the adjustment work, the screw should be locked to maintain its position.
However, often the adjustment does not help and you have to disassemble the clutch for repairs.
Disassembling the clutch occurs in the following sequence:
- Drain the used oil from the housing. Then disconnect the engine and the flange from the transmission;
- Using a wire hook, disconnect the spring from the pressure plate, then remove it;
- Remove the clutch fungus and all discs;
- Using a screwdriver, remove the lock washer;
- Fix the position of the drum so that it does not rotate, and unscrew the nut from the drum. An important factor is that the thread in this device is left-handed. Take this into account when disassembling;
- Disconnect the drum.
Reassembly should be done in reverse order.
This video demonstrates how to remove the clutch from the crankshaft:
Belts
Motoblock Agro in standard is a belt device. That is, the transmission of torque occurs in this way.
If the belt is too tight, it will break during operation. If it is weakened, the engine will not produce the required speed, but it will not reach the PTO. Therefore, you should periodically inspect and check its tension.
Chain transmission
Lately, belts have not been very popular because they are not very reliable in operation and often break when increased loads. The Agro walk-behind tractor itself weighs 160 kg, and if you add attachments to this weight, and also the resistance of the earth when working with a plow. This turns out to be a very large load.
Therefore, some owners replace standard belts with a chain. However, this also entails replacing the tension rollers. After all, standard couplings are not designed to rotate chains. Therefore, special sprockets are installed in their place. The result is much stronger and more reliable than a belt.
Ignition, spark plugs and starter
The ignition system is designed to supply a spark to the engine and activate it and turn it off when work is completed.
Here's how the installation works electric ignition on the Agro walk-behind tractor:
In the basic configuration, the Agro walk-behind tractor has a manual starter, which is driven by a cable. However, when operating in winter, problems arise with starting the engine. Therefore, owners replace the conventional starter with an electric one.
It is considered more reliable. In this case, it will be necessary to consider additional space on the Agro walk-behind tractor for the battery, since the electric starter is powered by it.
Most often, the problem with starting the engine lies in the spark plugs. They are designed to provide a spark. The spark plugs must be securely fastened in the grooves, have an appropriate gap (0.6-0.7 mm) and the power caps must be firmly connected to them. It is not allowed to work with candles that have a large amount of soot on them, since there is no spark. They must be periodically cleaned or replaced with new ones.
Overall dimensions, with the steering wheel positioned on the same axis with the steering rod, mm- length
- width
- height 1700 ± 50
850±20
1100 ± 50 1.4Weight, kg
- structural
- maximum operational 150 ± 3
160 1.5 Number of gears in the transmission
- forward
- back4
2 1.6Maximum working speed(determined by the position of the walk-behind tractor shift levers and the engine throttle), km/h Forward In 1st gear
- with mounted plow
- with soil cutter
- with trolley2.4 In 2nd gear - with mounted plow4 - with trolley5.5 In 3rd gear
- with trolley 6.5 In 4th gear
- trolley with load 15 Back In 1st gear
- with mower
- with snow blower 2.8 In 2nd gear
- with trolley8 1.7Road vertical clearance, not less, mm250 1.8Track, mm600 +50 or 700 +50 with inserts 42T.001.17.00.001 1.9Turning radius at the smallest track 600 +50 mm (along the axis of the outer wheel track), m1.2 1.10Maximum fordable depth, m0.3 1.11Temperature limits environment, which ensures the operability of the walk-behind tractor from -20°C to +40°C 2 ENGINE 2.1 Engine type Four-stroke, carburetor, forced air cooling 2.2 ModelUMZ-341 2.3 Rated power, kW (hp) 5.88 (8) at 3600 min -1 2.4 Fuel Automotive gasoline A-76 GOST 2084-77 or Normal-80 GOST R51105-97 Other technical characteristics of the engine are given in the engine operating manual 3 TRANSMISSION 3.1 Clutch Friction, conical, “dry” type, permanently closed, with manual control 3.2 Main gear Pair of bevel gears wheels circular teeth 3.3 Differential Gear, bevel with two satellites with forced locking 3.4 Final drives Single-stage with cylindrical spur gears 4 BACKGROUND, RUNNING SYSTEM, STEERING 4.1 Frameless frame, consists of a transmission housing 4.2 Chassis system: 4.2.1 Type Wheel according to scheme 2 x2 4.2.2 Tire size, inch 6.0x12 ( KAMA-421 6Lx12) 4.2.3 Air pressure in tires, MPa (kgf/cm2) 0.08 - 0.12 (0.8 - 0.12) 4.3 Steering Rod, adjustable in height, with the possibility of readjustment to a reverse position, to the left or to the right of the main one by 30° 5 POWER TAKE-OFF SHAFT 5.1 Drive Independent 5.2 Rotation speed of the PTO shaft at an engine speed of 3600 rpm, min -1 1200 6 TRAILER 6.1 Type PTO housing with king pin and lock 6.2 Dimensions and location
3 Design and operation of the walk-behind tractor
3.1 General information about the design and operation of the walk-behind tractor
Walk-behind tractor (Fig. 1) - consists of a single-axle two-wheeled chassis, a 4-stroke engine, power transmission and a reversible steering rod. The motor is attached to the clutch control housing. Directly behind the engine are the transmission components, clutch, gearbox, final drive, positive locking gear differential, final drives and power take-off shaft.
The wheels are mounted on final drive shafts and equipped with pneumatic tires.
For hanging agricultural implements and devices, the PTO drive design includes a bracket with a 72mm wide gap with holes for a king pin and a clamp
On top cover A steering rod is attached to the transmission housing, on which the walk-behind tractor controls are located.
3.2 Controls
3.2.1 Symbols for identifying controls
5 Safety instructions
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 Strict adherence to safety measures ensures the reliability and durability of the walk-behind tractor.
5.1.2 Persons who have studied the attached operating manuals for the walk-behind tractor and engine are allowed to work on the walk-behind tractor.
5.1.3 The transport trolley attached to the walk-behind tractor must have a working brake system.
5.1.4 When working with a walk-behind tractor, the cord loop emergency stop engine should be placed on the driver-operator's wrist, and the cord cap 4 should be placed on the emergency button 5 (see Fig. 4).
5.1.5 To avoid burns, replace the spark plug during operation on a cold engine.
5.2 General requirements for the technical condition of the walk-behind tractor
5.2.1 The walk-behind tractor must be complete and technically sound.
5.2.2 The walk-behind tractor must be run-in in accordance with the requirements of this manual.
5.2.3 Tires must not have through cracks and tears, as well as complete wear of the tread pattern. The tire pressure should be 0.08 ... 0.12 MPa (0.8 ... 0.12 kgf/cm2).
5.2.4 V fuel system There should be no fuel leaks, and there should be no oil leaks in the transmission and engine crankcase.
5.2.5 The steering rod and control levers must be securely locked in the appropriate positions.
5.2.6 The clutch must ensure complete disengagement, smooth engagement and not slip during operation.
5.2.7 The towing device must be in good working order.
ATTENTION: To avoid damage to the towbar of the walk-behind tractor when working with the trolley and mounted implements Insert the towbar pin into the hole in the bracket until it stops and secure it with a clamp.
IT IS PROHIBITED to work on a walk-behind tractor with an unfixed king pin!
5.2.8 When lifting the walk-behind tractor, mooring should be done at the slinging point indicated by the symbol: (insert picture).
5.3 Safety measures when preparing the walk-behind tractor for work
5.3.1 Study this manual for the walk-behind tractor.
5.3.2 strictly follow the instructions set out in section 6, as well as the corresponding instructions in section 5.
5.3.3 ATTENTION: Preparing the walk-behind tractor for operation, as well as carrying out maintenance operations, troubleshooting, and cleaning dirt, should only be carried out when engine not running.
5.4 Safety precautions when working on a walk-behind tractor
5.4.1 Before starting the engine, place the gear shift lever in neutral position.
5.4.2 During startup, there should be no people in the direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor, between the walk-behind tractor and the agricultural implement or trolley connected to it.
ATTENTION: If there is a sharp knocking sound in the engine, transmission or an excessive increase in engine speed, immediately pull out the emergency engine stop cord, the button of which is installed on the steering rod (FIG. 4).
5.4.3 Turn on the PTO drive at minimum speed and the clutch is disengaged.
5.4.4 When operating a walk-behind tractor without using a PTO, set the PTO control lever to the off position.
ATTENTION: When working with a mounted mower, turn smoothly. Make sure that no foreign objects get under the mower blade.
5.4.5 When performing transport work, use the walk-behind tractor on roads of categories I, II, III prohibited.
Movement of a walk-behind tractor with a trolley on the roads common use IV and V categories are allowed only in the first row.
5.4.6 The trolley attached to the walk-behind tractor must have a working brake system.
5.4.7 Travel speed on ascents, descents and sharp turns should not exceed 4 km/h ( I, II gears). When driving under these conditions, do not change gears.
5.4.8 Move over ditches and other obstacles at a right angle to the obstacle at low speed, while holding the steering rod securely in your hands.
ATTENTION: If a malfunction occurs, the walk-behind tractor must be stopped immediately until the malfunction is eliminated!
5.4.9 The time of continuous work with the walk-behind tractor should not exceed 1.5 hours.
5.4.10 When working with a walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment - noise protection headphones.
5.5 Fire safety measures
5.5.2 Leaking and dripping of fuel from the tank, fuel lines and carburetor float chamber is not allowed. If a leak is detected, repair it immediately.
5.5.4 DO NOT use open flames to heat the engine or transmission.
5.5.2 NV If a source of flame appears, fill it with sand or cover it with a tarpaulin, burlap or other dense fabric.
DO NOT pour water into burning fuel.
6 Preparing the walk-behind tractor for work
6.1 General requirements
The manufacturer sends the walk-behind tractor to the consumer complete.
Each walk-behind tractor is supplied with a set of spare parts and tools, operating instructions for the walk-behind tractor and engine.
before starting a new walk-behind tractor, perform following works:
- carefully inspect the walk-behind tractor, check its completeness, tightness of threaded connections;
- set the gearbox and PTO levers to the neutral and disengaged positions, respectively.
- check the oil level in the engine crankcase and transmission, top up if necessary;
- fill the fuel tank with fuel. The fuel must be clean, without mechanical impurities and water;
- perform all shift maintenance operations (ETO).
6.2 Preparing the engine for starting and starting the engine
Preparing the engine for starting and starting the engine are carried out in accordance with the operating instructions for the UMZ-341 engine.
6.3 Starting off and moving the walk-behind tractor
To set the walk-behind tractor in motion, do the following:
1 Turn the engine to low speed.
2 Squeeze the clutch lever as far as it will go and engage the desired gear. If the gear does not engage immediately, slightly release the clutch lever, and then squeeze it again and engage the desired gear.
You can move away in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th gears with or without load.
To do this, turn the throttle control lever and increase the engine crankshaft speed while smoothly releasing the clutch lever.
The walk-behind tractor slowly moves away.
When starting off in reverse (re-equipment of the walk-behind tractor for operation in reverse, see paragraph 6. 7.), engage gears in the following sequence:
Pull the clutch lever all the way
Move the mode switch lever forward while moving the walk-behind tractor.
Then (with the clutch disengaged) engage 1st or 2nd gear.
Perform further actions in accordance with clause 2 of this section.
Notes
1 Do not suddenly release the clutch lever or make great efforts when changing gears.
2 Use the clutch lever when starting, changing gears, stopping and braking.
3 Do not change the speed due to slipping of the clutch, as this leads to rapid wear of the clutch parts. To switch from a higher to a lower gear, reduce the rotation speed - “let off the gas”. When the speed of the walk-behind tractor decreases, disengage the clutch. Then engage a low gear, smoothly release the clutch lever and at the same time increase the engine crankshaft speed - “add on the gas”.
6.4 Stopping the walk-behind tractor
6.4.1 Reduce engine speed.
6.4.2 Squeeze the clutch lever.
6.4.3 Place the gearbox shift lever in the neutral position.
6.5 Stopping the engine
To stop the engine, pull out the emergency switch cord.
If it is necessary to stop the engine in an emergency, close the carburetor throttle valve after starting.
6.6 Running in the walk-behind tractor
A new walk-behind tractor must be run in for 40 hours before starting operation. During the running-in process, the parts of the walk-behind tractor are broken in, which helps to increase the service life of all assembly units. It is recommended to run-in under partial load or during light transport work.
ATTENTION: It is prohibited to run in the walk-behind tractor with the gear shift lever in the neutral position, i.e. without rotating the wheels, because this can lead to jamming of the gearbox gears due to a violation of the lubrication regime.
6.7 Re-equipment of the walk-behind tractor for operation in reverse
Work on a walk-behind tractor with attachments active drive are performed with the steering rod in reverse position. In this case, to re-equip the walk-behind tractor, you must perform the following operations:
1 Set gear shift lever 1 (Fig. 3) to speed 4. Set operating mode switch lever 2 (Fig. 3) to an arbitrary position.
2 Release rods 2 and 3 (Fig. 5) by removing the axes that attach the adapter to the shackle.
3 Loosen the steering wheel collet by unscrewing the steering rod fixing bolt.
4 Rotate the control rod from the main position I (Fig. 5) 180° to position II clockwise and secure with a bolt.
5 Loosen the bolts securing levers 4 and 5 (Fig. 5). remove lever 5 and install it by turning it by two teeth (corresponding to 60°) towards the PTO. remove lever 4 and install it by turning it by three teeth (corresponding to 90°) towards the PTO and secure the levers with bolts.
6 Connect rods 2 and 3 (Fig. 5) with levers 4 and 5 and secure them with spring clamps 1. In this case, it is allowed to make minor adjustments in the threaded connection of the adapter with the earring.
7 When turning to the original position, perform the operations in the reverse order. Adjust rods 2 and 3 to the previous position.
7 Procedure for working with agricultural implements
7.1 Preparing the walk-behind tractor for work
Depending on the type of work performed and the agricultural implements mounted on the walk-behind tractor, set the tire pressure, as well as the working or transport gearbox.
7.2 Hanging agricultural implements
When installing agricultural implements, you must:
a) install the walk-behind tractor on a level surface;
b) using kingpin 7, attach the hitch with the implement to the tow bar of the walk-behind tractor;
c) install the hitch perpendicular to the axis of the walk-behind tractor wheels, unscrew bolts 5 until they stop and screw them in 3.5...4 turns, then lock them.
Install the mower on a walk-behind tractor only if there is a protective blade cover.
Install the mower connecting unit into the bore of the PTO housing 18 and lock it with a pin 20 (Fig. 8).
ATTENTION: Secure the kingpin to the towbar bracket with a clamp! Failure to comply with this requirement will lead to damage to the trailer bracket of the walk-behind tractor.
7.3 Working with mounted agricultural implements
7.3.1 Working with the plow
The tillage depth is adjusted using handle 1 (Fig. 13). When rotating the handle clockwise, the tillage depth increases, and counterclockwise, it decreases.
Bolts 9 (Fig. 13) and holes in bar 6 are designed to adjust the working width of the plow.
When plowing, after laying the first furrow, turning tow hitch in the grooves, adjust the working width and fix the position of the plow stand with bolts 9 (Fig. 13). When turning the plow clockwise, the working width decreases, and counterclockwise, it increases.
If bolts 2 fail to achieve the required working width of the plow, loosen bolt 3 (Fig. 15) and move the stand along bar 1 to the right to increase the working width, to the left to decrease it. In addition, by moving the rack 2 along the bar 1, spontaneous movement of the walk-behind tractor to the side, which may occur when plowing, is eliminated.
7.3.1 Working with the mower
When working with a mower, to make it easier to control the walk-behind tractor, it is recommended to mount a ballast weight on the mower casing, which is supplied upon additional request.
The mower should be turned on with minimum engine speed and the clutch disengaged. Connecting the mower to the walk-behind tractor, disconnecting, installing, dismantling, repairing, adjusting and lubricating it, as well as cleaning the cutting device, should be done when the walk-behind tractor engine is not running.
7.3.1 Working with a soil cutter
The soil tiller is designed for pre-sowing tillage, mixing fertilizers, as well as for inter-row tillage.
The connection of the cutter to the walk-behind tractor is carried out in accordance with the passport 20.00.000PS attached to the product.
ATTENTION: Milling of unplowed or previously untreated, compacted soils is not allowed.
When working with a cutter, it is prohibited to deepen the blades more than 80 mm to avoid overloading the engine and transmission. Reducing the load on the engine and transmission by slipping the clutch is not allowed.
7.3.1 Working with a snow blower
Operation and maintenance of the snow blower, as well as safety requirements during operation and maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the operating manual 42T.116.00.00.000RE attached to the product.
7.4 Working with the trolley
When working with the trolley, check the following before leaving (Fig. 14):
a) check the technical condition of the trolley (reliability of the wheels, serviceability of the brakes, pressure in the tires);
b) attach the drawbar 6 (Fig. 14) of the trolley to the trailer bracket 18 (Fig. 8) using king pin 7 (Fig. 13). Securely secure the pin with a clamp.
Engage the differential lock only to overcome obstacles when the slipping of one of the wheels increases.
7.4 General requirements when working with agricultural implements
When plowing heavy soil with a plow, it is recommended to attach ballast weights to the wheels to improve traction.
Perform the turn at reduced engine speed and with the differential lock turned off.
IT IS PROHIBITED to change the speed of the walk-behind tractor when turning due to slipping of the clutch. This leads to rapid wear of the clutch friction lining, premature exit clutch failure.
During work, it is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the fasteners, the correct adjustment of agricultural implements, and eliminate malfunctions in a timely manner.
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