The Chevrolet Cruze model replaced the Chevrolet Lacetti and Chevrolet Cobalt. Produced from 2008 to 2015.
This is a great car that is loved by domestic motorists. Let's consider its technical features in more detail.
Model overview
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As mentioned above, this model began production in 2008, the platform for it was the Delta II. On the same platform, Opel Astra J was created. Initially, production for the Russian market was established at the plant in Shushary, this is an enterprise created by GM. Later, when station wagons were added to the lineup, they were produced at the Avtotor plant located in Kaliningrad.
In our country, the model was implemented until 2015. After that, the launch of the second generation of the car was announced, and the first was discontinued. But, in practice, the second generation saw the light only in the USA and China, it did not reach our country. Further, we will consider only the first generation of the Chevrolet Cruze.
According to the majority of motorists, this car has a high level of comfort and reliability. There are several modifications that allow you to choose the car that best suits your needs.
Engine characteristics
Several different powertrains were installed on the Chevrolet Cruze. They differ in technical characteristics, this allows you to choose a car based on the requirements of a particular driver. For convenience, we have summarized all the main indicators in a table.
| A14NET | F16D3 | F18D4 | Z18XER | M13A | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine displacement, cubic cm | 1364 | 1598 | 1598 | 1796 | 1328 |
| Maximum torque, N * m (kg * m) at rpm. | 175 (18) /3800 | 142(14)/4000 | 154(16)/4200 | 165 (17) / 4600 | 110 (11) / 4100 |
| 200 (20) /4900 | 150(15)/3600 | 155 (16)/4000 | 167 (17) / 3800 | 118 (12) / 3400 | |
| 150(15)/4000 | 170 (17) / 3800 | 118 (12) / 4000 | |||
| 118 (12) / 4400 | |||||
| Maximum power, h.p. | 140 | 109 | 115 - 124 | 122 - 125 | 85 - 94 |
| Maximum power, h.p. (kW) at rpm | 115 (85) /5600 | 109(80)/5800 | 115(85)/6000 | 122 (90) / 5600 | 85 (63) / 6000 |
| 140(103)/4900 | 109(80)/6000 | 124(91)/6400 | 122 (90) / 6000 | 88 (65) / 6000 | |
| 140(103)/6000 | 125 (92) / 3800 | 91 (67) / 6000 | |||
| 140(103)/6300 | 125 (92) / 5600 | 93 (68) / 5800 | |||
| 125 (92) / 6000 | 94 (69) / 6000 | ||||
| Fuel used | Gas / petrol | Gasoline AI-92 | Gasoline AI-95 | Gasoline AI-92 | Regular (AI-92, AI-95) |
| Gasoline AI-95 | Gasoline AI-95 | Gasoline AI-95 | Gasoline AI-95 | ||
| Gasoline AI-98 | |||||
| Fuel consumption, l / 100 km | 5.9 - 8.8 | 6.6 - 9.3 | 6.6 - 7.1 | 7.9 - 10.1 | 5.9 - 7.9 |
| engine's type | Inline, 4-cylinder | 4-cylinder, in-line | Inline, 4-cylinder | Inline, 4-cylinder | 4-cylinder, 16-valve, variable phase system (VVT) |
| CO2 emission in g / km | 123 - 257 | 172 - 178 | 153 - 167 | 185 - 211 | 174 - 184 |
| Add. engine information | multipoint fuel injection | multipoint fuel injection | multipoint fuel injection | DOHC 16-valve | |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 72.5 | 79 | 80.5 | 80.5 | 78 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 82.6 | 81.5 | 88.2 | 88.2 | 69.5 |
| Compression ratio | 9.5 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 9.5 |
| Start-stop system | optional | No | Option | Option | No |
| Supercharger | Turbine | No | No | No | No |
| Resource thousand km. | 350 | 200-250 | 200-250 | 200-250 | 250 |
As you can see, technically, all motors are quite diverse, this makes it possible to choose the most suitable options for the motorist.
At the moment, in accordance with the law, there is no need to check the number of the power plant when registering a car. But, sometimes it is still required, for example, when selecting certain types of parts. All engine models have a number stamped on the ebb of the cylinder head. You can see it directly above the oil filter. Please note that it is prone to corrosion. This can destroy the lettering. To avoid this, periodically inspect the site, clean it from rust, and lubricate with any type of grease.
Features of operation
The engines installed on this car are quite hardy. They perfectly tolerate operation in the harsh Russian conditions. Since the motors are different, maintenance and operation are slightly different.
Below we will consider the main nuances of maintenance, as well as some typical engine malfunctions. This will help you avoid car problems.
Service
To begin with, it is worth considering the scheduled maintenance of the internal combustion engine. This is a mandatory procedure to keep the engine running smoothly. According to the manufacturer's recommendations, the minimum mileage between base maintenance is 15 thousand kilometers. But, in practice, it is better to do it every 10 thousand, after all, the operating conditions usually differ from ideal for the worse.
During basic maintenance, a visual inspection of all engine elements is performed. Also, it is mandatory to do computer diagnostics. If any breakdowns are detected, they are eliminated. Also, be sure to replace the engine oil and filter. The following greases can be used for replacement.
| ICE model | Filling volume l | Oil marking |
|---|---|---|
| F18D4 | 4.5 | 5W-30 |
| 5W-40 | ||
| 0W-40 (Low temperature regions) | ||
| Z18XER | 4.5 | 5W-30 |
| 5W-40 | ||
| 0W-30 (Low temperature regions) | ||
| 0W-40 (Low temperature regions) | ||
| A14NET | 4 | 5W-30 |
| M13A | 4 | 5W-30 |
| 10W-30 | ||
| 10W-40 | ||
| F16D3 | 3.75 | 5W30 |
| 5W40 | ||
| 10W30 | ||
| 0W40 |
According to dealer specifications, only synthetics are recommended. But, in the warm season, semi-synthetic oils can also be used.
To ensure the smooth operation of the ignition, the spark plugs are changed every 30 thousand kilometers. If they are of high quality, then they serve all this time without any problems and failures.
The timing always requires increased attention. All motors except the M13A use a belt drive. Replace it on the run of 60 thousand, but sometimes it may be required earlier. To avoid trouble, you should check the condition of the belt regularly. 
The M13A uses a timing chain drive. When used correctly, it is more reliable. As a rule, replacement is required after 150-200 thousand kilometers. Since by that time the engine is already quite worn out, the replacement of the timing drive is combined with a major overhaul of the power unit.
Typical malfunctions
Any motor has its own shortcomings and malfunctions characteristic of it. This must be taken into account and the emerging problems must be resolved in a timely manner. Let's look at what difficulties may lie in wait for the owners of the Chevrolet Cruze.
The main disadvantage of the A14NET is the insufficiently powerful turbine, it is also demanding on oil. If you fill it with poor quality grease, the risk of failure increases. Also, do not constantly drive this motor at high speeds, this will also lead to the premature "death" of the turbine and possibly piston. There is also a problem, characteristic of all Opel engines, with leaking grease from under the valve cover. The pump bearing fails quite often, it is worth replacing it.
On the Z18XER engine, the phase regulator sometimes fails, in which case the engine starts to rattle like a diesel engine. It is solved by replacing the solenoid valve, which is installed in the phase regulator, you can try to clean it from contamination. Another problematic unit here is the thermostat, it lasts no longer than 80 thousand kilometers, but in practice it often fails much earlier.
The problem with the F18D4 engine is the rapid wear of the main elements of the unit. Therefore, it has a relatively short service life. At the same time, there are practically no minor breakdowns.
Considering the F16D3 power unit, one can generally note its reliability. But, at the same time, problems may arise with the failure of the hydraulic valve lifters, they fail quite often. The engine also has a separate exhaust control system. This unit also tends to fail regularly.
The most reliable is the M13A. This engine has a large margin of survivability, which saves the driver from many problems. If you take care of it properly, there are practically no breakdowns. Sometimes there may be a problem with the crankshaft position sensor, this is probably the most common malfunction of this motor. Also, when using low-quality fuel, the check lights up and an error occurs in the power system malfunction.
Tuning
Many drivers do not like the standard characteristics of the engines, so many ways have been invented that help increase power or improve other engine performance. We will analyze the most suitable for each specific power unit.
For the A14NET engine, chip tuning is the optimal solution. Here it is most effective, as a turbine is used. With the correct flashing of the control unit, you can get a 10-20% increase in power. It makes no sense to make other improvements on this motor, the increase will be small, and the costs will be significant.
There are much more opportunities for improving the Z18XER motor, but here you need to remember that most of the work will cost a lot. The simplest option is chip tuning, with which you can add about 10% power to the motor. If you want to get a more significant increase, you will need to install a turbine, as well as replace the connecting rod-piston group, at the same time the cylinders are bored. This approach makes it possible to obtain power up to 200 hp. In this case, you will need to put another gearbox, strengthen the brakes and suspension.
The F18D4 usually requires a fairly large investment in tuning, and the results will be very controversial. Even chip tuning has no effect here, to achieve an increase of 15%, you will need to replace the standard exhaust pants with a "spider". For greater effect, it is worth looking in the direction of the turbine, it gives the greatest increase in power. But, in addition to this, it is desirable to install new parts of the connecting rod-piston group that are resistant to such loads. Otherwise, the engine will have to be overhauled very often.
The F16D3 motor is mainly accelerated by cylinder bore. This allows you to achieve increased power at a minimum cost. At the same time, chip tuning is also required.
M13A is most often overclocked using chip tuning, but this does not give the desired power increase, usually no more than 10 hp. It is more efficient to use short connecting rods, this gives a significant increase in engine volume, and, accordingly, a lot of power is obtained. This option is the most effective, but you have to pay for it with increased fuel consumption.
SWAPO
One of the popular tuning methods is SWAPO, that is, a complete replacement of the engine. In practice, such a revision is complicated by the need to select an engine that fits the mountings, as well as fitting some standard units to the motor. More powerful options are usually installed.
In fact, such work is practically not carried out on the Chevrolet Cruze, the reason is the small number of suitable power units. Most often, they install a z20let or 2.3 V5 AGZ. These motors require practically no modifications, while they are quite powerful and reliable.
Most popular modifications
It is impossible to say unequivocally which version of this car was the best. There are several reasons for this. First of all, at some points in time, only some modifications were supplied to the market, while others were almost never produced. Naturally, people took what the dealers offered them.
In general, if you look at the statistics, the most often bought (or wanted to buy) a car with an F18D4 engine. According to many motorists, there is the most effective ratio of power and other parameters, in particular, efficiency.
Which modification to choose
If you look at the reliability of the engine, it is best to purchase a car with an M13A engine. It was originally created for light off-road vehicles, and there is an increased margin of safety. Therefore, if you do not want to mess with regular minor malfunctions, this will be the best option.
The F18D4 is also sometimes praised. But, it is more suitable for country roads, due to the greater power and throttle response.
The Chevrolet 1.6 F16D3 engine was installed on Chevrolet Cruze, Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Aveo, Chevrolet Lanos, as well as Daewoo Nexia. The engine appeared in 2004 and is still being produced.
Peculiarities. Chevrolet 1.6 F16D3 is built on the basis of the engine, which in turn is a copy of the Opel X14XE engine. Many parts of these engines can be installed on both motors. Engine 1.6 is no different in design from 1.4: timing belt drive, twin-shaft head, hydraulic lifters, exhaust gas recirculation system EGR. The faults are the same as in the F14D3 engine: hanging valves, harmful fuel injectors, unreliable thermostat, oil leaks from under the valve cover. Many car owners drown out the EGR valve, since due to low-quality gasoline this system fails and the engine refuses to work as it should.
In 2008, the engine was improved, its name is. For those who need a more powerful motor, there is a 121 hp engine.
The resource of the Chevrolet 1.6 F16D3 engine is about 250 thousand km.
Engine characteristics Chevrolet 1.6 F16D3 Cruz, Lacetti, Aveo
| Parameter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Configuration | L |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Volume, l | 1,598 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 79,0 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 81,5 |
| Compression ratio | 9,5 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 (2-inlet; 2-outlet) |
| Gas distribution mechanism | DOHC |
| The order of the cylinders | 1-3-4-2 |
| Engine rated power / at engine speed | 78 kW - (106 HP) / 6000 rpm |
| Maximum torque / at engine speed | 142 N m / 4000 rpm |
| Supply system | Electronic multi-point injection (Siemens or Kemsco) |
| Recommended minimum octane number of gasoline | 95 |
| Environmental standards | Euro 4, Euro 5 |
| Weight, kg | 114 |
Design
Four-stroke four-cylinder petrol with electronic fuel injection and ignition control system, in-line cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with two overhead camshafts. The engine has a closed-type forced circulation liquid cooling system. The lubrication system is combined.
Cylinder block
The cylinder block is made of ductile iron. The cylinders are bored directly into the block body.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is forged from special steel.
| Parameter | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Diameter of the main journals, mm | 55,00 |
| Diameter of connecting rod journals, mm | 43,00 |
Piston
Piston diameter 78.97 mm. Steel piston pins, tubular section. The pins are pressed into the connecting rod heads, in the piston bosses - with a gap. The outer diameter of the pin is 18.0 mm and its length is 50 mm.
Cylinder head
The cylinder head is cast from an aluminum alloy in a cross-flow pattern.
Inlet and outlet valves
The inlet and outlet valves have one spring. The diameter of the disc of the inlet valve is 28.5 mm, the outlet - 27.3 mm. The diameter of the inlet and outlet valve stem is 6.0 mm. The length of the inlet valve is 101.6 mm, and the length of the outlet valve is 101.3 mm. The valves are the same as on the 1.4 F14D3 engine, so they are interchangeable.
Service
Changing the oil in the Chevrolet 1.6 F16D3 engine. Oil change on Chevrolet Lacetti, Aveo, Cruz, Lanos and Daewoo Nexia cars with a 1.6-liter F16D3 engine is carried out every 15 thousand km or 12 months (whichever comes first). Pour oil into the engine to pour 3.75 liters with a filter change, without a filter change - 3.4 liters. GM recommends 5W-30 (low temperature) and 10W-30 grade GM-LL-A-025 (Dexos2 engine oil).
Replacing the timing belt Chevrolet 1.6 F16D3 together with the rollers, it is necessary every 60 thousand km (if the timing belt breaks, the valve will bend).
According to the regulations, the candles must be replaced every 45-60 thousand kilometers. The catalog number is 96130723.
Air filter Chevrolet 1.6. The filter is replaced every 25-30 thousand km. At each regular maintenance check the condition (degree of contamination) of the filter.
Change coolant in 1.6 F14D3 required every 2 years. The cooling system contains 7.2 liters of coolant (a mixture of Dex-cool antifreeze concentrate with distilled water).
One of the leaders in the middle price category, very popular in the domestic market and replacing the Lacetti, the Chevrolet Cruze remains at the tip of the iceberg to this day. The car first appeared in Russia in 2009, and its production was set up at General Motors plants in Shushary, Leningrad Region, and at the Kaliningrad Avtotor.
Initially, the car was presented only in a sedan body, but after 2 years a 5-door hatchback was also released. As for the long-awaited appearance of the station wagon, its sales began only in the second half of 2012, so it took almost 4 years to "form" the model. It is worth noting that over the years of mass production of Cruise, the car underwent two restyling in 2012 and 2014, during which the shape of the front bumper, radiator grill, PTF and optics changed.
From the very beginning of sales in Russia, the car was assembled with gasoline atmospheric engines, with a displacement of 1.6 and 1.8 liters, with a nominal power of 109, 124 and 141 hp. But in 2013, a turbocharged engine with a volume of 1.4 liters, producing 140 "horses", was added to the line of engines.
At the buyer's choice, two types of transmission are traditionally available, 5 and 6-speed manual transmissions and a conventional torque converter automatic with 6 speeds.
As for the chassis and suspension, it's no secret that the Chevrolet Cruze shares the same platform with the Opel Astra J. In the front of the car, the swinging strut technology, or in other words MacPherson strut technology, is used, while at the rear there is an elastic dependent H-shaped beam.
If we compare with competitors, then most classmates have independent wishbone suspension at the rear of the car. Why the designers chose this solution is still not clear, but the fact that simplicity only added to the reliability of the machine remains clear.
The main problems arising from the Chevrolet Cruze
Overview of the disadvantages of power plants
The base engine F16D3 with a volume of 1.6 liters, with a capacity of 109 hp, is well known to the owners of the Chevrolet Lacetti, Deo Nexia and some Opel models. The resource of the engine itself quite high and often reaches 400-450 thousand kilometers without major repairs.
The following weaknesses are identified here
Leaking valve cover gasket. This malfunction begins approximately by a run of 70-80 t.km. Presumably arises due to the fact that the air pressure in the crankcase increases, and the air recirculation valve gradually begins to clog, from this and breaks through the gasket.
Leaking crankshaft oil seals. At approximately 150 thousand kilometers, oil leaks may appear. It is recommended to change the oil seals during the planned replacement of the clutch and timing belt.
The lifespan of hydraulic lifters rarely exceeds 200 thousand km. Their malfunction can be understood by the characteristic rustle of the engine on a cold one.
Ecotec F16D4 and F18D4 engines (1.6 and 1.8) have one common disadvantage, with couplings changes in valve timing. Just like on the Opel Astra, they do not often take care of more than 100 thousand mileage.
Electronic thermostat in the cooling system, baby sore never cured to this day. In its work, it is not uncommon for a failure, as well as incorrect operation of the temperature sensor, as a result of which, the fan either constantly works or does not turn on at all. The thermostat sealing ring itself does not shine with reliability either, antifreeze leaks may appear already at a run of 15 thousand.
External body elements
As with most budget Chevrolet cars, the paintwork is not of the highest quality. Its average thickness is about 80-120 microns, while the surface itself is soft and poorly resists road gravel and sand. First of all, chips appear on the hood, in the area of the radiator grill and the front bumper. A little later, the paint peels off in the area of the wheel arches, usually the first traces appear before a mileage of 80-100 thousand km. The only consolation is that the body has anti-corrosion treatment, and the traces of chips do not become rusty for a long time.
Fastening the bumper aprons with latches is not a standard of reliability. At the slightest contact with the bumper on an external obstacle, it immediately flies from its regular place.
Transmission, chassis, suspension
As already mentioned above, the suspension of the rear of the car is not satisfactory, but in the front there was a fly in the ointment. Rear silent blocks of levers break on a run of about 80-100 thousand km.
A big plus is that to replace them, it is not necessary to buy a complete lever assembly, like many competitors in the class. Just the hinge itself is enough, and they change without any problems, at any service station.
Mechanical 5-speed transmission D16, has good reliability with timely maintenance. The main weak point is oil seal leak in the places where the constant velocity joints are attached. Transmission oil leaks can occur as early as 60-70 thousand kilometers. The shaft oil seal in the clutch housing, it is better to change it every 100-120 thousand, otherwise fluid leakage can damage the friction disc.
Automatic transmission 6T30 / 6T40, famous for its capriciousness and fragility. A rare case when cars were operated without repair for more than 120 thousand km. Oil seals leak here, as elsewhere, remains commonplace. Some experts in the field of car repair, for a reason, called her "snotty".
Interior space
The quality of finishing and durability of materials in the interior of the Chevrolet Cruze does not give rise to strong complaints. The weak side is only the leather braiding of the steering wheel and gearshift lever, which will climb after 1-2 years of using the car. It is important to note that this material is very afraid of water, and from moisture ingress, the paint immediately begins to stain the driver's hands.
The sidewall of the front seats becomes shabby in the area of the seat belt latch, approximately to a mileage of 100 thousand kilometers. On cars after a taxi or with high mileage, you can see a hole at this place.
Crickets and creaks are no exception for this Chevrolet model. Many owners complain about this problem, literally right after buying a car. The main trouble here lies in the door cards and the center console, gluing with special materials, sometimes allows you to get rid of discomfort.
Conclusion
Chevrolet Cruze has stable popularity in the Russian market, even though active sales of new GM cars were suspended in 2015. When buying a used car, experts recommend making a choice in favor of complete sets with a manual transmission and an F18D4 engine, considering this option to be the most reliable and unpretentious.
| Main dimensions and weight of the car | Sedan | Hatch 5-dr | SW | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length, mm | 4597 | 4510 | 4675 | |||
| Width excluding mirrors, mm | 1788 | 1797 | 1797 | |||
| Height, mm | 1477 | 1477 | 1521 | |||
| Wheelbase, mm | 2685 | 2685 | 2685 | |||
| Front / rear track width, mm | 1544/1558 | 1544/1558 | 1544/1558 | |||
| Min turning radius, m | 5.45 | 5.45 | 5.45 | |||
| Luggage compartment volume, l | 450 | 413/883 | 500/1478 | |||
| Headroom above front / rear seats, mm | 999/963 | 999/974 | 999/988 | |||
| Interior width at shoulder level of front / rear passengers, mm | 1391/1370 | 1391/1370 | 1391/1370 | |||
| Legroom for front / rear passengers, mm | 1074/917 | 1074/917 | 1074/917 | |||
| Fuel tank volume, l | 60 | 60 | 60 | |||
| Maximum permissible weight, kg | 1788 | 1818 | 1899 | |||
| Wheel rim size | 6.5Jx16 | 6.5Jx16 | 6.5Jx16 | |||
| Tire size | 205/60 R16 | 205/60 R16 | 205/60 R16 | |||
| Engines and transmission | 1.6
MT (AT) | 1.8
MT (AT) | 1.6
MT (AT) | 1.8
MT (AT) | 1.6 MT | 1.8
MT (AT) |
| engine's type | petrol | petrol | petrol | petrol | petrol | petrol |
| Engine displacement, cm3 | 1598 | 1796 | 1598 | 1796 | 1598 | 1796 |
| Cylinders | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Maximum power, kW / h.p. | 80 /109 | 104 /141 | 80 /109 | 104 /141 | 91.2 /124 | 104 /141 |
| Maximum torque, Nm / rpm | 150/4000 | 176/3800 | 150/4000 | 176/3800 | 154/4200 | 176/3800 |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual (6-speed automatic) | 5-speed manual (6-speed automatic) | 5-speed manual (6-speed automatic) | 5-speed manual (6-speed automatic) | 5-speed manual (6-speed automatic) | 5-speed manual (6-speed automatic) |
| Driving performance | ||||||
| Maximum speed, km / h | 185 (177) | 200 (190) | 185 (177) | 200 (195) | 192 | 206 (200) |
| Acceleration time 0-100 km / h, s | 12.5 (13.5) | 11 (11.5) | 12.5 (13.5) | 10.1 (10.4) | 12.6 | 11 (11.5) |
| Fuel consumption (mixed cycle), liters per 100 km. | 7.3 (8.3) | 6.8 (7.8) | 7.3 (8.3) | 6.6 (7.4) | 6.5 | 6.7 (7.1) |
| CO2 emissions, g / km | 172 (198) | 159 (184) | 172 (178) | 155 (174) | 153 | 158 (170) |
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Now we will consider the malfunctions and maintainability of the engine. The F16DЗ engine was manufactured ...
Chevrolet Cruze is a popular car that replaced the Lacetti. It was developed on the basis of the Delta II platform On the same platform, the Opel Astra J, Chevrolet Volt, Opel Zafira and others are assembled. It is a direct competitor to Focus, Serato, Octavia, Mazda 3. The range of engines is very wide, including Opel and Holden.
To understand the difference, you need to consider them in detail. Let's start with the most boring F16DЗ engine, which has only 109 horses. The maximum power is reached at 5.8 thous.
About. The moment was 4 thousand. About and injured by 15 Newtons. Compression ratio 9.5.
The block is made of cast iron. But with all this, in practice, the engine resource rarely exceeds 250 thousand km of run. More mileage can only be achieved with frequent oil changes. Oil should be chosen 5w30 in the conditions of Russian winters. Only 3 liters of oil is enough for replacement.
Now we will consider the malfunctions and maintainability of the engine. The F16DЗ engine is made on the same block as the F14DЗ or F18DЗ. All of them are replicas of the Opel Z16XE engine. Almost all parts are interchangeable.
An EGR valve is also used. They are used to reduce the toxicity of the exhaust. It works on the principle of returning exhaust gases to the cylinders for their final afterburning. Unfortunately, in such a system, when poor gasoline is supplied, carbon deposits appear and the F16DЗ engine loses power. To prevent this from happening, you need to turn off this system. Other problems with the 16D3 are the same as those of the F14DЗ: carbon deposits on the valves, oil leaks, thermostat breakage.
After 2008, the problem with leaks from the valve cover was solved. In the same year, a new F16D4 engine appeared, now with variable valve timing both at the inlet and outlet, respectively, adding power. Another problem is the engine number, which can become unreadable over time due to corrosion. Therefore, you need to find the number in the upper right corner of the cylinder block and treat it with zincar or another rust converter. Refinement of the F16D3 engine.
Chipping will give an increase of no more than 5 liters. S. Therefore, there is no point in doing this.
A relatively simple solution to increase power is the installation of modified shafts, with a phase of 275, a large lift, and also to modify the exhaust by installing a 4-2-1 spider. Here we get 125 liters. C. Another interesting way is to bore cylinders for a volume of 1.8. Thus, we get F18D3. Accordingly, we use its crankshaft, install connecting rods and pistons.
Again, it is better to immediately replace the shafts and exhaust, and it is better to fill in the online firmware. Now there will be at least 145 liters. WITH.
The compressor can be supplied on the basis of RK-23-1. With a pressure of 0.5 bar. For installation, you will need to install a thick cylinder head gasket or double. This is necessary to lower the compression ratio. We also install nozzles with increased performance, exhaust on a 51 mm pipe, shafts with a phase of 270, high lift.
We get up to 160 liters. S. Turbine is much more problematic. You will need a manifold for the turbine, the turbine itself, usually TD04L, oil supply to the turbine, intercooler, piping. Also, to reduce the compression ratio, you need to install a reinforced piston with holes.
And again shafts with a phase of 270 and a high rise. In this case, you can squeeze out up to 200 liters. WITH.
But any modification leads to a decrease in the engine resource. Which is not very big anyway. Now consider the F16D4 engine, which has become a new branch of the development of the F16D3 motor. Here we already have 115 liters. WITH.
For 6 thousand vol. And 155 n * m for 4 thousand vol. The compression ratio is already 10.
8. Pour oil 4.5 liters. Every 15 thousand (if the city is excluded, it is better every 10 thousand km) of the 0w30 brand run.
The resource is the same in practice. About 250 thousand km.
The engine malfunction is the same as that of the replica of this Opel A16XER engine. The EGR valve was removed, the service life of the timing belt and rollers increased. According to the regulations, change every 150 thousand. There was a system for changing the valve timing both at the inlet and at the outlet. The power has increased, but phase regulator solenoid valves are often problematic. The motor becomes diesel.
The solution to this problem is achieved by cleaning the phase regulator valves. Accordingly, there are no hydraulic lifters. Clearances now handle calibrated glasses. Carry out this procedure every 100 thousand km.
There are sometimes oily smudges through the valve cover. The thermostat will require replacement after 80-90 thousand km.
Refinement of the F16D4 engine. Chipovka alone will not achieve anything. It is better to supplement it by removing the catalyst, installing a 4-2-1 spider, installing a new receiver.
And we get 130 liters. C. Virtually no reduction in engine life. If you have a lot of money to spare, you can supply a compressor and a turbine. To use the compressor, the compression ratio must be reduced to 8.5.
This can be achieved by using two cylinder head gaskets. You also need to install a forged piston with grooves, costly, but the engine resource will not decrease so much. You can use a compressor based on PK-23-1 with a pressure of 0.5 bar, we also install nozzles of increased productivity, for example, Bosch 107, spider 4-2-1, we are stitching online. And you get about 160 liters at the output.
C. To put the turbine, you need to reduce the compression ratio, we change the piston and connecting rods (we put the forged pistons with holes), we put everyone's favorite TD04L turbine, an intercooler, pipes, a manifold, shafts with a phase of 270 with a high rise, exhaust on a 51 mm pipe, we sew online and we get more than 200 liters. WITH.
Expensive, impractical, unreliable. It's not even worth mentioning the engine resource. Now the most suitable engine for cruising, both in price and in power, is the F18D4 engine. Here we have a cast-iron cylinder block, a compression ratio of 10.5, a power of 140 hp. S. (6300 rev.
), moment 175 nm (3800 vol.). The resource of the engine in practice shows 250 thousand km. Run. But only with a timely oil change.
In urban conditions, more often than once every 10 thousand km. An oil change will require 4.5 liters.
0w30. The ECOTES F18D4 engine is a replica of the A18XER, or an enlarged F16D4. The same advantages and disadvantages are passed on to the F18 from the F16.
Only now, in the 1.8 engine, a receiver with variable geometry was used. This receiver was also used for 1.6 station wagon engines. Modification of the engine is impractical. The cost will be equal to the cost of another cruise. In practice, it is cheaper to buy a focus ST, mazu MPS or golf gti, which have a higher resource.
Nevertheless, I will describe in order to somehow alienate the owners of the cruise from upgrading the engine. It is impossible to achieve growth with a chip. Maximum 5-7 liters. C. Fuel consumption will increase disproportionately. In order for the car to run, you need, at least, to put camshafts with a phase of 270 and good lift, as well as a 4-2-1 spider and an exhaust on 51 pipes.
We set up a new configuration with the firmware. We get 160 liters. WITH.
First you need to lower the compression ratio. If the compressor is set at 0.5 bar (RK-23-1), it is sufficient to put in two cylinder head gaskets. But if you install a turbine, in order to reduce the compression ratio, you need to install forged pistons with holes. Next, we put injectors with increased performance, Bosch 107, for example, exhaust on a 63 mm pipe, shafts with a phase of 270 and a lift of 11. As a result, we get more than 200 liters. WITH.
For the turbine, in addition to all of the above, you will need an intercooler, piping, oil supply to the turbine. The turbine itself can be selected from the TD04L series, gаrret 17 or 15. And we get 220+ hp. C. It is impossible to guarantee a long operating time of such a car.
Well, the most interesting Cruise engine, already turbocharged from the factory, is the A14NET engine. With a volume of 1.4 liters, it has 143 liters. C. Range 4900-6000 vol. Min and torque 200 N * m in the range of 1850-4900 rpm.
Min. The cylinder block is also made of cast iron. Fuel consumption is very low and is equal to 8.1 / 5.2 / 6.2, respectively city / highway / mixed. Change the oil the more often the better.
Fill in 3.5 liters. According to the manufacturer's data, the resource should be developed for 350 thousand km, which is very good.
Initially, a turbocharged engine at a small volume began to be used in the Astra J. The high engine resource can be motivated by the use of a chain in the gas distribution mechanism. The clearances are regulated not by calibrated glasses, but by hydraulic compensators, which simplifies engine maintenance.
Also used is a variable valve timing system with phase shifters both at the inlet and outlet. The turbine installed in the А14NET, although small (pressure 0.5 bar), provides a high torque already from 1850 rpm, which guarantees good thrust without failures. It would seem that the engine has some advantages and low consumption and good traction.
Due to the high efficiency of the engine, it is very demanding on the quality of the oil and the frequency of oil changes. In severe operating conditions (urban), it is recommended to change the oil every 7 thousand mileage. If you constantly tumble the turbine and the piston will quickly fall apart.
Therefore, you need to drive without particularly loading the engine, because the turbine was not installed for racing. The disadvantages of the engine include the same oil flow, familiar to us from other engines, through the valve cover. It is treated by replacing the gasket. The phase regulator valves also periodically turn the engine into a diesel engine, and are treated by cleaning. The thermostat also rarely serves more than 100 thousand.
Km. Quite often there is a pump whistle on the A14NET. And here it is better not to delay. A jammed pump can lead to much more serious problems.
Also, the air conditioner roller occasionally emits incomprehensible sounds. Apparently, a design feature. Engine clicking sounds emit injectors to help you feel less bored. This is their normal job. Engine vibrations are also a hallmark of Opel engines. Nevertheless, the engine is modern, economical and reliable.
For quiet operation, the most suitable option. For fast driving, there are A16HNT and A16LET motors, although they are not yet put on a cruise. But I think it's a matter of time. By the increase in power, one can only note the chip tuning.
While chipping doesn’t do anything for aspirants, the turbo is not the case. By removing the catalyst and chipping the engine, you can squeeze out as much as 180 liters. C. Which is pretty good for a small 1.4L. Engine.
It doesn't make sense to do anything else.
