"ZIL 157" (car photo is presented on the page), a powerful truck, which was produced in Soviet times from 1958 to 1991. The car possessed the characteristics of the all-wheel drive all-wheel drive, and therefore the serial release was focused on providing vehicles of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. At the same time some number "ZIL 157" was used in the national economy.

Improvements

In 1961, the model was modified and received the index "ZIL 157K". In the new version, the car was produced until 1978, then its production was transferred to the Urals Automobile Plant (UAMZ), but already under the brand name "ZIL 157KD". The new car was distinguished from the former more advanced gearbox, reliable one-piece clutch, good axial balancing with a uniform load distribution, as well as telescopic shock absorbers. The driving quality of the modified model has also improved, the speed has increased from 60 to 65 kilometers per hour. The updated version was unavailable for some time to familiarize themselves, "ZIL 157", whose photo was not published anywhere, was classified as any military equipment of that time.

He was a wooden platform covered with longitudinal metal ribs protected from abrasion. The boards were collected from wooden plates, 20 and 80 millimeters width. For strength, the longitudinal construction was intensified by transverse bars with metal brackets. The front side was attached motionless, and the side and rear were folded, thereby completely opening the body platform. Thus, loading and unloading the military and any other property was easily and quickly.

From the army to the national economy

The car "ZIL 157KD" was produced until 1991, while the characteristics of the car did not change, all technical parameters fully met the requirements of operation. And since in 1966, at the Likhachev plant, the production of army all-terrain vehicles began the supply of "ZIL 157CD" in the Armed Forces of the USSR partially stopped. The car was increasingly used in civil engineering, in collective farms, state farms and forestry. A reliable, unpretentious high-pass car has become an indispensable assistant in a wide variety of areas.

The model "ZIL 157B", without a body, was especially convenient transport on logging. Powerful traction characteristics allowed to use the machine for the carriage of long logs.

Specifications

The parameters of the main nodes and aggregates "ZIL 157" met the highest requirements of that time. Since the car was produced for the Soviet Army, it did not regret its production. Thus, "ZIL 157", whose characteristics did not need improvements, were collected on the conveyor in the classical scheme, without changing technology.

The car was equipped with an average power engine and a transmission with five cardan shafts, one of which connected a distribution unit with a gearbox, two more transmitted rotation to the front and middle bridges. The fourth and fifth cardan shafts joined the middle bridge with the rear, through the intermediate bearing node.

Tires

Wheels "ZIL 157" had a deep protector of aimed action, practically excluding slipping. For the first time in the domestic automotive industry on a truck, a paging system was installed, adjusting punctures and small holes in wheels no longer affected the course of the machine, the compressor automatically downloaded the required amount of air, compensating for the lack of pressure. From the driver's seat, it was also possible to include the swap mechanism.

Tires "ZIL 157", among other things, were designed to move on a snowy virgin or wetland. To do this, it was necessary to reduce the pressure to 0.7 atmospheres. The wheels were settled, their surface was wider. After passing the complex area, the tires again pumped up to a normal pressure of 2.8 atmospheres.

Cooling system

Cylinder block "ZIL 157" with a "shirt" of a closed type. By contour circulated coolant. The radiator was a tubular design equipped with vertical blinds. Six-discount fan impeller provides additional cooling.

Constructive disadvantages of the cooling system of the car "ZIL 157" can be attributed to the engine sensitivity to low temperature. For minus 10 degrees had to use special insulation housings for the engine compartment, since the cooling system did not support the desired temperature. Subsequently, the thermostat was finalized, but the thermocons was still included in the machine package.

Engine "ZIL 157"

• the working volume of cylinders is 5,559 cm / 3;
• type - gasoline, carburetor;
• maximum power - 109 hp;
• the number of cylinders - 6, the location of the row;
• the diameter of the cylinder is 101.6 mm;
• - 6,2;
• cooling - antifreeze;
• material - Cylinder Cylinders block, Aluminum cylinder head;
• operation mode - four-stroke;
• the order of cylinders 1-5-3-6-2-4;
• fuel A-66, A-72.

Transmission

Manual gearbox, five-speed:

• model 151;
• switching - Outdoor lever.

Transmission numbers:

• fifth gear (straight) - 0.81;
• fourth gear - 1.00;
• third transmission - 1.89;
• second gear - 3.32;
• first gear - 6.24;
• reverse - 6.70.

Dressing box, two-stage:

Transmission numbers:

• first gear - 2.44;
• second gear - 1.24;
• the main transfer of leading bridges is single, 6.67.

Dimensional weight characteristics

• full weight 10 190 kg;
• length 6 684 mm;
• height: Full, with a tent 2 915 mm, without ate 2 360 mm;
• width 2 315 mm;
• front track 1 755 mm;
• rear track 1 750 mm;
• base wheel 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• road clearance (clearance) - 310 mm.

Modifications

During the production of "ZIL 157", eleven basic modifications were created, which performed certain tasks. In addition, there were special-purpose cars:

• with water tank, a capacity of 4.5 tons, a retractable staircase and a double cabin for personnel;
• a car with an emergency generator set to supply electricity temporarily de-energized objects.
• models with enhanced front bumper for towing the pushing method;
• cars equipped with a winch designed to pull out stuck wheeled and tracked technology;
• basic model "ZIL 157", release of 1958;
• sadel tractor "157V";
• basic model since 1961, "157K";
• sadel tractor since 1961, "157kv";
• basic model since 1978, "157kd";
• sadel tractor since 1978, "157kdv";
• tropical option with an extended cooling system and volumetric radiator, "157U";
• export model "157E";
• model with protected equipment, shielded - "157g";
• model with shielded, protected equipment since 1961 - "157kg";
• the model specialized with double fuel tanks, a total volume of 300 liters - "ZIL 157E".

In total, 797,934 cars of all modifications of the "king of off-road" were released, as the people called "ZIL 157".

New engine

The Basic Model of 1978 "157kd" was equipped with an engine unified with the engine "ZIL 130". A compression ratio from 6.2 to 6.5 was raised. Piston group - cylinder sleeves, pistons, a set of compression rings, rolling fingers completely borrowed from the engine "130". The lubrication system was radically changed, the oil was now cleaned in the centrifugal filter.

The power of the water pump was significantly increased, a fundamentally new alternator is installed, a small-sized, efficient unit. The regular starter was replaced on high-breasted, high power. The usual rubber gave way to the contact-transistor ignition system. The updated engine was installed on "ZIL 157KD" in the Ural branch of Zil.

"ZIL 157", diesel

During the production of all-terrain, diesel power plants, which would be produced on an industrial scale, did not exist. Therefore, in the USSR, all trucks were equipped with gasoline engines. However, on "ZIL 157", in principle, you can install the diesel engine of the brand D245-12C, for this you do not need to redo anything, all attachments on the docking of the motor and the boxes are easily adapted. It is only necessary to cut the rear regular supports and navigate the brackets from "ZIL 130" or "ZIL 131". However, when installing a diesel engine, you need to be prepared for a tangible shaking of the entire machine, this is the only minus from such an upgrade.

Bridges

The car "ZIL 157", regardless of the modification, is equipped with three of the same type of running units. These are planetary, semi-axes, with differentials. Gear gear ratios are identical for all three beams. The mounting brackets are designed for elipetic springs, although the suspension can be a pendulum with springs and hydraulic shock absorbers.

Fully strict operating conditions "ZIL 157", whose bridges are experiencing the bulk, forced the designers to look for solutions that raise the reliability of the car suspension. A scheme was developed, quite simple and reliable, which provided for the installation of hydraulic shock absorbers.

All semi-axes of the car are joined with cast-iron drums, which are part of a fairly effective braking system "157". The pads from the universal material "Fedo" worked flawlessly. The car almost never left traces from the tread on the road, the stop was smooth and without jerks, which usually accompany the braking of heavy trucks.

Car repair

Despite the simplicity of the design and high resource, the "king of off-road" sometimes breaks down. However, the current owners of the all-terrain costs are not worried, spare parts "ZIL 157" are on sale in sufficient quantities. In the Soviet period, in parallel with the production of cars, especially freight, workers worked for the production of repair kits. And, as a rule, spare parts were made in huge quantities, much more than the need. These were the costs of a planned economy, but it is thanks to them today you can buy almost everything you need to repair the car.

It was then at the Stalin factory in Moscow, work was carried out to create a three-axle truck with a full drive intended for the army. The chief designer of the project was A. M. Cyger.

History of appearance

The impetus to the beginning of work on a novelty was the revealed shortcomings of the main class of the CIS-151 at that time. This sample and served as a basic platform that embodied all design ideas that previously did not find applications.

ZIS-151 PRATERATEL ZIL-157

First of all, it affected the use of all bridges with the same risk and single-sided wheels, which significantly increased the cargo of the machine and led to a reduction in mechanical losses. In addition, a decrease in the number of the wheels made it possible to do with the presence of only one spare track (located under the platform) and make the car easier and more compact.

New wheels

When developing a new model from the tire industry, it was necessary to develop new tires that allow the movement of the car under reduced pressure. The task was performed, and a tire appeared, which has increased elasticity obtained by a decrease in the number of cord layers, an increase in the profile width and the use of internal layers of soft rubber varieties.

Of course, new tires had a speed limit (up to 10 km / h) and reduced wear resistance, but a decrease in the pressure on the ground gave a tangible increase in car's passability.

The centralized system for changing tire pressure was controlled from the driver's seat and allowed pressure control during the movement of the car.

Experienced SIS-E157 sample with an installed external tire pressure control system

Another advantage of this system was that it allowed to continue the movement of a truck with a damaged separate tire, compensating for air losses in it by continuous swap. After some time after the launch of ZIL-157 into mass production, the paging system was changed from the external scheme on the scheme from the inside of the wheel, thereby increased the reliability of the car as a whole.

Engine ZIL-157

During the operation of the ZIS-151 trucks, the traction characteristics were insufficient for towing trailer, the engines suffered overheating, the fuel consumption was increased. In addition, the motor did not possess satisfying consumers with reliability. It was taken into account when developing a new car, and the truck received an improved power plant.

The new aluminum alloy head, which was installed on a row six-cylinder unit with a working volume of 5.55 liters, allowed to increase the compression ratio by 0.2 units. Installation included with the new head of the modified carburetor made it possible to obtain from an updated motor at 2600 revolutions per minute 104 horsepower and torque 334 N / m.

A new radiator appeared in the cooling system, the air through which was driven by a hexless fan, so the overheating problem was solved. The lubrication system has been improved by introducing a new oil pump and crankshaft seals to the new oil pump.

In addition, seals were changed in a water pump and a closed cycle crankcase ventilation circuit was arranged, the power unit was installed on the new suspension. The work done contributed to an increase in the reliability of the car, and the fuel consumption of ZIL-157 decreased depending on the conditions of movement by 7 - 22%.

For all the time of the car, its engine was upgraded twice again. So in 1961, up to 109 horsepower power was increased and one-piece clutch was installed instead of the two-disc assembly. In 1978, a car with a UNG-130 engine-130 engine has gone to the series with a unified units with an engine.

Transmission

A five-speed gearbox was initially installed on the car, where the fifth transmission was boosting, but after 1961 it was removed. The dispensing box taken as the basis of the ZIS-151 received wear-resistant gears, new seals and forced inclusion. The cardan transmission was fully converted, an intermediate support for the rear axle cardan was fixed on the middle bridge. The casing semi-axes of the leading bridges were significantly strengthened, the hubs of wheels and the brakes of the new design were installed, the wheels began to be attached on eight studs.

Cabin and ergonomics

In the cabin of the previous model, the driver could not count on a comfortable job, the landing was uncomfortable, the heater was absent, the ventilation was bad. In addition, the driver's hand was subject to tangible shocks transmitted from the wheels. On a new truck, designers have tried if not to get rid of the flaws completely, then at least partially increase the ergonomics of the cab and steering.

According to official data, the car was produced without a hydraulic agent, however, there are eyewitnesses that argue that in the mid-1980s, a party of cars with a installed amplifier in the factory execution was shipped to the troops.

For this, it turned out to be enough to install a heater radiator with an impeller and an additional output of heated air on the windshield, make high-quality seals and equip the cab into the adjustable seat.

On the right visible levers of tire pressure control levers

To improve the operation of the steering, the telescopic shock absorbers introduced into the design.

Brief specifications ZIL-157

The car could carry up to 5 tons of cargo on roads having a solid coating, and twice as smaller when driving on dirt roads. The total mass of the machine reached 10.23 tons, and the mass of the trailer is 3.6 tons. The length of the car was equal to 6684, the width is 2090 and the height of 2360 millimeters, while the size of the cargo platform was 3570x2090 mm.

The wheel base was 4225, and the clearance of 310 millimeters. The knob of the front wheels was 1775 mm, and the rear 1750 mm. The car could accelerate up to 65 kilometers per hour and to spend 42 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers (fuel reserve enough for 510 km).

The depth of the overcome of the bridge was 85 centimeters, and the maximum incidence of 28 degrees for movement.

Truck in the service in the army

There was a lot of variants of the army execution of the machine intended for different kinds of troops. The most famous of them can be called zil modifications for the installations of the "BM" series (BM -13NM, BM-14M and BM-24) series, which had insignificant differences.

Engineering services were supplied with mobile drilling rigs PBU-50 and BGM, which were used by water supply troops to search for water and drilling wells or wells in a depth of about fifteen meters. In addition, the installation was used and when performing other engineering support for troops. Installations on the basis of ZIL differed in a small time of bringing to the working position and high reliability.

In addition to drilling plants, engineering and sperm units were supplied with a set of bridge buildings, as well as located on the ZIL-157 chassis, and the MARM small car bridge system. The carrying capacity of such a bridge was 50 tons, and it was located on the trailer, towed by the saddle tractor. In addition, the disposal of the sappers there were several more sets for the guidance of bridges and pontoon crossings transported on Zele.

BM-13M (Katyusha) on the basis of ZIL-157

In general, 157th was very popular with the military machine and somewhere used and at our days, and how many of them still standing in the warehouses of the Ministry of Defense - it is difficult to count. This suggests how successful and reliable was the design of the machine. No wonder they consider it a legend of domestic auto industry.

Fate won this car: a heavy truck at the end of the fifties was also in demand and at the construction sites of the Soviet Union, and, of course, in the army. By that time, there were still might and main on the roads, which by all truths and untrue managed to save from the obligatory return to America under the Lend-Liza Treaty were also ZIS-151. "The stouse" was good almost in everything, but in the army it was impossible to use them. ZIS-151 was not very bad, but some flaws had. He did not show himself a good tractor: the engine was weak, he loved to warm up, although he did not even have a heater of the cabin. But he made it possible to avoid many mistakes when designing Zila-157.

In 1958, the first "Koluns" appeared. The cabins were stood just from ZIS (in 1956, ZIS-151 was renamed ZIL-151, but the essence of the case does not change from this). But almost the rest was almost new, and the most interesting thing is that newly for the 157th were developed by new ... Tires. The patency of the Zisa was very small, so the Ministry of Defense paid attention to the off-road properties of the new car. As a result, tires were developed using soft rubber on the inner surface of the tires. ZIL-157 was planned to equip a centralized paging system to reduce pressure to overcome off-road areas with soft soil. New tires turned out to be elastic and was quite suitable in order to reduce the pressure up to 0.5 kgf / cm². The reverse side of the medal was the low wear resistance of such rubber: under reduced pressure, it could drive up to 150 km, and in normal conditions - up to 10,000. In fact, everything is not so sad, but still the rubber has to change every 12-15 thousand kilometers. . The first paging system was external, and only then it was removed from the eyes (). On the rest of the "filling" of the 157th we will tell you just below.

ZIL-157 was produced with some changes from 1958 to 1991. Three main versions of this truck can be noted: ZIL-157 (1958-1961), ZIL-157K (1961-1978) and ZIL-157CD, the assembly of which was made at the Urals automotive factory after the cessation of Zil's release in Moscow. All three cars have their own design features. The last "kolunas" are largely unified with Zil-131, which was subsequently by the ZIL-157 receiver in the army. Most of all on the machines, transmission, "Fishka" of which for all years remained the presence of five cardanov for all years: on the front axle, on the middle bridge, two cardan - to the rear (Kardan was divided on the middle bridge by an intermediate node) and a cardan Between "distribution" and gearbox. One thing remained alone: \u200b\u200bthe lack of the steering hydraulic agent, which, as we will see during the test drive, is a serious disadvantage. Nevertheless, there are talk that there is still a GUR in some part. Perhaps, due to unification with Zille-131, it was able to somehow stick it there, but I could not find a documentary confirmation.

Today at our disposal ZIL-157KD 1982 release. There are, of course, he has some "excesses", which he did not have from nature. For example, the glass or a "emergency" button. But otherwise - Zil as ZIL. Go!

"Iron" as it is

For a person far from the history of the domestic car industry, ZIL-157 may seem like very old and, possibly not adapted to independent movement. But those who traveled on this car will confirm - this is quite a working and reliable truck. The picture spoils his cabin, which was dragged from the old zis, so really changed. From here and the type of car of the past. It looks, of course, it is interesting, but such a simple solution has some drawbacks. I would have called the width width. Beautiful, of course, but get to the motor is pretty hard: the hood lids are folded on the sides, and access to the power unit is just wings and interfere. There is a way out: wings and sidewalls can be removed. Such a decision is not new: they are generally attached to the American "knocks", but they will have to work on the keys on Zille.

The arched grille of the radiator is not a designer sister, but a technical necessity. The fact is that the oil radiator is installed right behind it. And already behind it - blinds and radiator of the cooling system. However, the motor has a tendency to cool at idle and overheat on high revs. And these turns are able to kill the motor fast enough, so it cannot be "twist". On the highway, the truck may well go and 80 km / h, but in fact exceed the rate recommended by the plant 65 km / h should not - so the motor will last much longer.

Another interesting solution is the location of the gas tanks. There are two of them, and the main one, the volume of 160 liters, is located in the usual place, on the left, under the board behind the cab, but the second, extra, placed the back under the body. Its volume is 60 liters. How long is such a number of gasoline?

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Motor "Eat" it is 600 kilometers along the highway. This, by and large, not so much for the Soviet motor of that time. Consumption on the highway is more than 30 liters, and on off-road and at all good for 40. At the same time, the row "six" volume of 5.5 liters gives 109 hp. The first motors were a little weaker - 104 hp, but during the production period of the engine twice was upgraded. The first time in 1961, when the clutch with two- on one-piece, and then in 1978, was largely unified with the engine ZIL-131 in many respects. In particular, the piston group of our zila is worth it from the 131st.

Still standing next to the car, I appreciated the extremely smooth operation of the motor. And this is despite the fact that the last 12 years the car rides exactly with this unit. It is impossible not to note that the motor is very simply started using the "starter curve" - \u200b\u200ba starting handle. Of course, subject to its serviceability.

Behind the wheel "Mormon"

The Zil-157 cabin has one undoubted advantage compared to its predecessor ZIS: it is heated. But otherwise - all the same Metal Kingdom. Sit on the seat and begin to consider.

The central device is a speedometer, to the left of it - pointers temperature of the coolant and fuel level. Right - ammeter and oil pressure pointer. Despite the fact that the brake system here is traditionally for trucks pneumatic, and the brakes do not work with a critical pressure drop in the system, the pressure gauge is located on the right outside the main panel. To monitor the testimony of this instrument, you have to turn your head. Of course, if you get used to, it does not seem deficiencies, but I would like the testimony of pressure gauges (their two-pressure in the system and in wheels) could be captured without distraction from the road. The backlight of the devices is made by separate plafones, which, in general, was quite in the spirit of time. In general, nothing innovative "tidy" of the 157th ZIL cannot offer.

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In our car, the starter is driven by the key, but before Zilch was a starter pedal. Run the engine, slightly pressing the accelerator pedal.

Just to the pedal node there are significant claims. If the clutch pedals and brakes are standing as it should be, the brake pedal is strongly knocked out of the total row. It puts forward closer to the driver, and in order to put pressure on it, you have to drag the leg from the gas pedal for a decent distance. It takes time. On the one hand, by car, which does not go faster 60-65 km / h This is not so scary, but on the other hand - it does not matter to Zille, but, for example, Zhigulm, who decided to suddenly slow down the truck suddenly very important. Especially since pneumatic brakes in any case have some reaction reaction to the pedal pressing. Why it was impossible to move the pedal a little forward - a mystery.

Rotate the steering wheel in place - the task is complicated. Almost impossible, I would say. But in motion, the steering wheel seems quite light, and it would be quite beautiful to steer if it were not for one thing - an unexpectedly strong reaction on the steering wheel from the front wheels. However, the owner of the car Alexander confirms: this is the behavior of the steering - a feature of the 157th. Moreover, another feature is associated with this fact, and this is a choice of rubber on the front axle. The best one should always put forward, and what stands there on the middle and rear bridge - Zille do not care. But a slightly "square" tire on the front wheel should not go normally - the steering wheel will "beat a lot."

Touch immediately from the second gear: the first turn on only with a strong load or in heavy road conditions. Do not forget that there is also a "rattling" with a reduced transmission, but we did not have a suitable case to drive the car into such a dirt to take this opportunity.

True "Zilovsky" the motor confidently, we turn to the third gear almost immediately. In total, the transmissions are five, and taking into account the maximum speed of their long it is impossible to name.

During movement, another note appears to the car: the right wing is not visible at all, and the "nose" of the engine compartment closes everything that is happening on the opposite side of the driver. At the same time, the dimensions can be measured in front of the protective lattice of the left headlight, which is quite convenient. We were lucky that the side mirrors we do not have regular: "native" mirrors are very small, almost nothing can be seen.

At small speeds, ride even comfortable. Yes, Zil accelerates slowly, as befits a truck, besides old. But many diesel engines may envy the rifle gasoline motor. Suddenly, it is pleasant to surprise the work of the checkpoint: there is no lever inherent in Zille, all the programs are turned on easily, the course of the lever for the Soviet truck is quite modest. Yes, and the lack of the need to trample the pedal "Double Release" also turned out to be a pleasant surprise.

"What is the day coming to us? .."

It is necessary to admit: most of the "kisuns" have already graduated from their lives. Nevertheless, they are still found in areas where there are not so many requirements for the car: load as much as possible, to drive as far as possible, if necessary, to repair "on the knee". There are many such places in Russia.

Our Zil leads a completely different life. It is quite a work machine and is engaged in cargo transportation, and for quite long distances. From St. Petersburg he goes to Moscow, and in Karelia. At first glance - some kind of fantasy. But why not? He has already passed 800 thousand kilometers, and with the care that the caring and skillful current owner ensured him, erupts as much as much. The main thing is to know how this truck is operated correctly.

We have already spoken about one particular feature: you can not twist the motor too much, he does not like it. But the modern motor oil ZIL appreciated, and the owner noted this fact. If earlier at the opening of the motors (two of them were "killed" in the inexperience of "races" on the highway) were visible traces of wear, then on modern "mineral milk" the motor goes much longer. It was true, not too successful experience in using additives into the oil: the centrifugal filter simply threw it away. Well, it means that it was not very necessary.

We have already said that there are several non-original details on the car. It took the installation of the glass coaster, the organization of the work of turning signs in the "Avoidance" mode, larger mirrors. All this is to successfully exercise freight transportation. Therefore, the radio tape recorder appeared here: the motor is almost not heard in the cabin, and the music does not hurt music. Alexander replaced the "stove" radiator: the natives periodically fell off the nozzles, so they managed to stick the heat exchanger from the "eight". The problem has disappeared with him.

On a good road in the car you can download up to five tons. It is so engineers thought, in fact, Zil without difficulty dragging eight. And most importantly - he does not bring his master. It works, not even suspecting that many of him are already considered an old man.

It is a pity that work in the crisis is missing. You have to be filmed into the movies, and the soul requires the road. And this work worthy of a reliable truck.

ZIL 157 was issued by circulations from 1958 to 1991. The latest version came out in 1994.

The purpose of the car was originally a purely military. Then she began to apply in agricultural purposes.

Frame.

It is very flat, allows the car in her rigid conditions and off-road calmly move.

Tires and wheels.

On ZIL-157 was put very elastic cargo tires. The wheels of the machine are characterized by an impressive width. They mounted a special deep protector of the directional effect. It almost completely eliminates the possibility of slipping.

Also in the car there is a technology, pumping and controlling tire pressure. It can touch all tires immediately or in the one that the driver will choose. Such control could be carried out directly from the driver's position without stopping the car.

In 1961, this technology was rearranged from the outside of the wheels on the internal one. Therefore, even if minor punctures or holes appear in wheels, the movement of the machine will not change. The required air volume is sent to the tire using the compressor. So eliminates the deficiencies of pressure.

When driving on snow or wetlands, the pressure in them can be brought to 0.7 atm. There will be a sedimentation of wheels and expanding their surface. After overcoming difficult areas, you can return the parameter to 2.8 atm.

This parameter is optimal when driving on a solid coating. The speed at the same time should not exceed 60 km / h. When driving around the crossed zones with difficult soil, pressure is better to reduce to 2 atm. When driving on sands or blurred soil - up to 1 atm. The speed is 20 km / h. Fuel consumption ZIL 157 per 100 km of modest 42 liters.

ZIL 157 with kung

Body and cargo platform

A classic side version is applied here, including a platform for freight and passenger traffic. Three wooden boards are arranged in it. They can be thrown back. For their assembly, the boards of 800 x 200 are involved. The boards are attached to the platform using brackets. Thanks to which the overall design is facilitated.

The body is also a wood platform. It covers longitudinal ribs. They are collected from metal and protect it from wear. With the help of transverse bars with metal brackets, this design becomes much stronger.

Borfront static. Other boards are leaking. This is the full opening of the body platform. This greatly facilitates and speeds up the room of a variety of goods and their unloading.

Engine

Engine ZIL 157 on a carburetor that works on gasoline. Although the minting of diesel devices "D245-12C" were recorded. In this case, the factory support elements were removed and the fasteners from ZIL-131 were welded.

Engine specifications ZIL 157:

Fasteners on the docking of the security fors and KP are simple. But when using a diesel engine, such minus was formed: the amples and vibration increase. This pretty complicates the work to the driver. Therefore, priority was given to a gasoline unit with 4 tactics and inline positions of cylinders. The number of cylinders is 6. Their block is created from cast iron. It is equipped with a closed "shirt." By its contour, a cooling fluid is moving. The head of the cylinders was created from aluminum.

Motor volume - 5.38 liters. After improving - 5, 56 liters. Power - 104 hp After reform - 110 hp

Torque provided 2600 rpm is 334 nm.

Cylinders move with such a sequence:: 1/5/3/6/2/4;

Each cylinder has a diameter - 11.6 cm.

Piston diameter -: 10 cm; His move - 14.3 cm.

Position valves - bottom.

The optimal gasoline for the motor was considered gasoline A-66, and after modernization - A-72.

Real waste of fuel per 100 km - 42 liters. The speed is 40 km / h.

In 1978, the engine was upgraded. AND costs of fuel slightly decreased. The reasons:

• installing a closed ventilation system of crankcase,
• improving the sealing components of the pump, oil pump and
  crankshaft.

The volume of the tank for fuel is 150 liters. After the reform, another tank appeared. Its volume is 65 liters. So after one total refueling, the reserve of movement at the car is obtained by more than 500 km.

Engine advantages:

1. Easy design.
2. Reliability.
3. Obedience.
4. Quickly start even after long breaks.

Its disadvantage is due to the fact that he needs special care in the cold (below 10 degrees). For example, it is necessary to protect and insulate the engine compartment: special insulation housings are used. And the cooling technology of the power unit into severe cold could not maintain the required temperature. This dilemma later decided to refine the thermostat.

Engine after modernization of 1978

The level of compression here was developed to 6.5 (was 6.2). The piston kit began to coincide with the motor kit at the ZIL-130 model.

Thorough reform touched the lubrication technology. And the water purification site became a centrifugal filter. This system has improved, updating the oil pump and crankshafts there.

Other changes:

1. Significant development of the power of the water pump.
2. Installing a new alternating current converter.
3. Starter with high turnover and better power.
4. Replacing a traver on a powerful contact transistor ignition mechanism.
5. The emergence of an innovative tubular radiator in cooling technology. A strong fan with six blades drove air through it. So solved a dilemma with overheats.
6. Motor location on the new suspension.

Transmission

It is complicated. It has five cardan shafts.

1. Intermediate.
2. Going on the front bridge.
3. Leaving on the central bridge.
4. Two shafts running on the bridge behind.

The first gearbox PPC ZIL-157 had 5 steps. The last transmission was boosting. In 1961, it was replaced by KP from "ZIS-151". She has updated the seals, there was an emergency launch and gears, resistant to wear.

On the central bridge, the intermediate reference component for the rear cardan was mounted. Cables were significantly reinforced on semi-axes of guide bridges.

On all CP transmissions, except first, there are synchronizers. KP circuit - two-row. At the main transfer of one step and spiral teeth.

Specificity suspension and bridge

Front suspension - half ellipse. It has a springs and shock absorbers. By type they are telescopic.

Behind the suspension works. It holds semi-elliptical springs.

Planetary bridges. They are equipped with differential devices and semi-axles.

Drive type - cardan.

On the front axle, the clearance is 31 cm. On other axes, it is 35 cm.

Steering system - global, worm. She has three ridges on the video.

The transmitter is 23.5.

Planetary differential bridges with half axes are mounted in the bridges. Gear gear ratios are equal to the entire buck set.

Fastening brackets are designed for elliptical springs. Other permissible suspension: pendulum, spring, hydraulic.

This technology realized the docking of cast-iron drums with all semi-axes.
Special material "Fedo" was applied to create the pad. With emergency braking, the model almost does not follow. It stops without a jerk.

The frontick elements "Bendix / Weise" are mounted in the front of the front, they do not have differences on the corner dynamics. Drivers when needed can turn off the front axle. All bridges attached their cardan shafts. Brakes affect all wheels. They are carried out by the actuator type "Pneumatics".

Dimensions and cargo ability

TTH ZIL 157:

• Model length - 668.4 cm.
• Width - 209 cm.
• Height - 236 cm. If there is awning - 291.5 cm
• The cargo platform is 357 x 209 cm.
• Base of wheels - 422.5 cm.
• Palute wheels in front - 177.5 cm., Wheels behind - 175 cm.
• Circuit weight - 5.54 tons. How much ZIL 157 weighs to the maximum:
• Full weight ZIL 157-10.19 tons.
• Pressure on the axis in front - 2.7 tons.
• Pressure on the cart from behind - 7.42 tons.
• Load capacity ZIL 157: on solid coating - 5 tons, by road off-road - 3 tons.
• Trailer weight: on solid coatings - 5 tons, on soft ground - 3.5 tons.
• Marketing angle - 28 degrees.
• Radius when turning - 11.2-12 m.

Variations ZIL-157

History of creation ZIL 157 Starting since 1958, from the first models. Consider alternately.
1958 ZIL 157 release year. This year they came out:

1. 157. Standard, onboard variation.
2. ZIL 157 V. Model, which is a saddle tractor.
3. 157g. Version with a defensive screen against radar definition.
4. 157e. Version with another tank for fuel.
5. 157E. Version for states of the Warsaw Agreement.
6. 157U. Modification for southern regions. It has been improved cooling technology.

Versions of 1961:

1. ZIL 157 K. Improved basic, with sides.
2. 157kv. Improved truck model tractor.
3. 157kg. Variation with a defensive screen from radar calculation.

Options 1978:

1. ZIL 157kd. Basic upgraded machine with sides ZIL 157 cd.
2. 157kdv. Improved saddle version-tractor.

Version Auto ZIL-157 for civilian purposes:

1. Fire car. Specifications: Increased cabin sizes, 4 tons tank, special staircase.
2. Emergency version. It has a system to provide objects with electricity, for some period of the remaining without electricity.
3. Rescue model for all types of equipment on wheels or caterpillars.

For military purposes.

1. Mobile long-range radio stations.
2. Models for radio applications.
3. Mobile command stations ..

ZIL 157 with tank

Functions ZIL-157

Functions ZIL-157:

• Transportation of mobile drilling equipment PBU-50.
• Transportation of funds for the exposure to small road bridges. The temporary bridge by mass reached 50 tons. He was satisfied with the trailer trailer.
• Transportation of trees in roads-free conditions. This is also the prerogative of such a tractor.

Picture ZIL 157:

Cabin specificity

For the driver and passengers, the conditions are not comfortable here. To control the machine, it is desirable to have good physical training, because the steering wheel has no amplifiers (before modernization).

Partially this question was settled, shortguing the bumps and installing telescopic shock absorbers. So little improved steering.

To improve the work of the stove, put another radiator. It was arranged a fan-impeller. So it began to sleep the interior and windshield.

Controlling all systems is facilitated by the dashboard. Arranged:

• foot start or turning off headlights
• pressure grease pressure grease
• swed levers,
• bridge transmission in front
• and other options.

Army truck ZIL-157 received more nicknames and nicknames than all other Soviet cars. Depending on the terrain and time, he was called "Kolun", "Truman", "Mormon", Zakhar, "Iron" and a number of other names. Sometimes you can meet the book "Polanis", hinting at the speed quality of the machine and on the American ballistic missile of those times.

Because of its off-road characteristics, unpretentious and tracting engine ZIL-157 for a long time was used in the Soviet army in parallel with more modern.

History of car creation

One of the reasons for creating a freight ZIL-157 was the change of the model of a two-axis cargo car ZIL-150 to an improved ZIL-164. Trucks of the ZIL plant with full and rear-wheel drive were unified in a number of nodes, so the creation of a new car has become an obvious step. The experience of army and civil operations ZIL-151 revealed a number of constructive flaws that managed to fix on a new model.

A number of changes aimed at eliminating the disadvantages identified during the army operation of the previous generation machines have introduced into the truck design. In particular, a four-row radiator was introduced, which reduced the thermal mode of the engine and reduced the probability of overheating.

When creating ZIL-157, it was possible to reduce the length of the car and improving the spending on the axes, which had a positive effect on the passability.

The first car samples were presented at the exhibition in Brussels in 1958, where the truck received the Grand Prix. By the end of the year, the shipment of the first parties of commercial vehicles began with the factory. Since 1977, the parallel release of cars began at the Wamz factory, located in the city of Novouralsk.

The enterprise about a year produced the version of ZIL-157K, after which he moved to the release of the modernized model ZIL-157CD. The ZIL-157CD assembly ended in Moscow in 1982 (separate parties of cars shipped until 1988), and on the UAMZ - in 1991. The Ural Plant collected separate machines from the details of the details until 1994.

Design

Constructively, the ZIL-157 truck was finalized, taking into account the remarks of consumers, the option of all-terning ZIL-151.

The main differences in the design:

• application of one-wheel one with a directed off-road tread pattern;
• the use of the wheeled disks of the reduced radius;
• transfer of a spare wheel into the gap between the body floor and frame spars;
• reducing the frame length by 25 cm due to the transfer of the spare wheel;
• the introduction of the pressure control system in tires with manual control from the cab;
• improving geometric passability;
• the introduction of an additional tank by 65 liters of gasoline placed in the tail part of the frame;
• changing the transfer numbers in the box;
• improving materials and means of protecting transmissions.

On the ZIL-157 truck, a ribbon frame is used, equipped with amplifiers in the area of \u200b\u200binstallation of the balancing suspension axis. The side parts of the frame are made of stamped spars having a variable cross-section along the length.

Cabin

A triple cabin with all-metal design was installed on the ZIL-157 truck. Access was carried out through two doors equipped with squeezed glasses. In the cabin there was an adjustable driver's seat and a double sofa. Under the pillow and behind the back of the sofa are niche for storing the tool and inventory. The walls of the cabin were trimmed with cardboard.

The ZIL-157 truck cabin was equipped with a ventilation and heating system with an electric fan, which directed the stream to the windshield. In the hot time, the windshield of the driver could be thrown back for additional ventilation (on the release machines to 12.1971).

Machines in tropical execution did not have a radiator of the heater and completed with an additional fan in the cockpit. Cleaning windshields was performed by a vacuum-driven cleaner from discharge in the engine intake manifold. The rear glass of oval shape, was equipped with a protective grid (until 1960).

For a separate order, Army trucks ZIL-157 were equipped with a cockpit roof with a folding hatch.

In the cabins cars for the army there were regular places to place the driver's armament and accompanying.

Body

For the cabin of the ZIL-157 truck there is a wooden platform equipped with an amplifying metal puff. Only the back side, equipped with two steps with hinged fasteners, was folded. The side boards had an attachment point for folding benches designed for accommodation 16 people. On sides, five arcs could be placed to install a tarpaulin tent equipped with ventilation holes.

The sides of the side boards consisted of six narrow boards, since 1975 their number was reduced to three.

On the machines released before 1963, the front and rear side of the body were equipped with reflectors of yellow and red color, respectively. They abandoned them after the introduction of plastic diffusers on the lanterns instead of glass. Under the field of the ZIL-157 platform, two drawers for the tool are mounted.

Civilian issues of release after 1975 could be equipped with folding side sides. The latest issues of cars were equipped with a platform borrowed from the ZIL-131N truck.

Force aggregate

On the ZIL-157 trucks, a 6-cylinder carburetor motor with a liquid cooling system was used, which is the development of the engine of the freight ZIS-5.

With a working volume of 5.555 l and a compression ratio of 6.2 Motor developed 104 hp

Exporting machines could be equipped with a 107-power engine, which was completed with a carburetor of the altered design, a block of block for a compression ratio of 6.5 and was designed to operate gasoline A70.

After the modernization of 1978, which concluded in the unification of a number of nodes with the engine of type ZIL-130, the return of the motor rose to 110 hp. The use of pistons from lowered the working volume of cylinders to 5.38 liters. Low compression ratio of 6.5 units allowed to use gasoline A72 or A76.

Transmission

The ZIL-157 truck was completed with a transmission consisting of a number of nodes:

1. Double-type two-type double adhesion equipped with a drive lever from the pedal in the cockpit. Starting from 1961, the grip began to be equipped with one disk borrowed from ZIL-130.
2. Five-speed gearbox with accelerating fifth speed. The first transmission of the synchronizer did not have.
3. Two-speed box for the distribution of torque over bridges, and both transmissions lowered the frequency of rotation of the shafts.
4. The cardan shaft installed between the main and dispensing box.
5. Three shafts with cardan hinges for driving bridge gearboxes.
6. As bridges have no passage scheme, there is an intermediate shaft between the second and third bridge.

The drive of the front controlled Bridge ZIL-157 could be disconnected. The inter-axis differential on the truck is absent. Brake mechanisms of all drum types, operate from a pneumatic system. The pressure source is a 2-cylinder compressor with a crankshaft engine.

On the earliest series machines, a disk parking brake, mounted on the shaft between the main and hand-cut boxes, was used. The release machines after 1961 were equipped with a drum parking brake.

At the request of the customer on the main box of the ZIL-157 truck, the power take-off box used to drive additional nodes was mounted. Early versions of boxes had 1, 2 or three velocities that switched lever from the cab. Points of installations com distinguished depending on the number of gears.

When installing the winch, a three-speed box was used with the possibility of reverse.

After modernizing the main box, held in 1961, a single-speed reversible com was used.

Gabarits.

The overall dimensions reduced compared to the machines of the 151st model made it possible to place the ZIL-157 trucks in pairwise on standard railway platforms.

The main dimensions of the all-pass:

• length - 6.684 m;
• height - 2,360 m (onboard);
• width - 2.315 m;
• the base is 4.225 m (the distance from the front axle to the Balancir axis).

Chassis

The front axle is installed on leaf springs, with sealing ends in rubber pillows. Spring machines with a winch are distinguished by 2 pcs. Number of sheets. In the early trucks ZIL-157, lever shock absorbers are used in the suspension, which later replaced knots with a telescopic diagram. The steering is not equipped with a hydraulic amplifier.

In 1958, started search engines for installing an amplifier from ZIL-130, which ended with failure. The use of the amplifier caused an overload of the front axle, which led to the explosion of the spring and beams.

The rear bridges of the ZIL-157 truck are equipped with a balancing suspension, supplemented with six reactive rods.

The springs are installed on the balance sheet axis on sliding bearings capable of withstanding heavy loads.

Specifications

	ZIL-151A.	ZIL-157K.	ZIL-131N
Equipped weight, kg	5880	5540	6375
-	2400	-
-	3140	-
Clearance, mm.	260	310	330
Maximum speed, km / h	55	65	80
Fuel consumption, l / 100 km	46	42	40
Load capacity on the highway, to	4500	4500	5000
Load capacity on the ground, kg	2500	2500	3750

Application

In total, almost 800 thousand cargo cars ZIL-157 were collected, which were supplied to the army and civil service. The civilian 157s were used to transport goods and people in areas with bad roads or in off-road conditions. Based on the car, tanks, fire trucks, mobile workshops existed.

Army ZIL-157 was used to transport personnel and weapons. The chassis was used to mount the settings of the salvo fire, as well as as a saddle tractor for rocket plants of the anti-aircraft complex C-75 "Desna".

Engineering troops were equipped with drilling rigs based on a truck chassis, which were used to drill water wells with a depth of 15 m.

Safety units used ZIL-157 saddle tractors for the delivery of PPS pontoon parks. A complete set of nodes allowed to build a crossing up to 790 m long and with a carrying capacity of up to 100 tons. One set was transported to 480 cars.

On the basis of the saddle tractors, ZIL-157 was carried out to create road trails with a wheel-driven wheel drive. The army was experiencing a small-scale zil-157kv-1 tractor, which worked in a pair with a two-axis active semi-trailer for the PAU-3 model. The bundle was used to transport the transport machine 9T22, which included the tracked anti-aircraft missile complex 2K12 "Cube".

The transport machine was intended for the provision of six rockets of type 3m9 located on the lodges or in thermally insulated containers.

Modifications

During the release of the car, it passed through several modernization cycles, after which the base chassis index changed:

• Basic model ZIL-157, which was produced from 1958 to 1961;
• The first modernization led to a change in the index on ZIL-157K, the car was produced from 1961 to 1978;
• The second modernization of ZIL-157CD, release was from 1978 to 1994.

In addition to the main onboard truck, a truck was produced with the designation of ZIL-157B / 157Q / 157QDV, respectively. The saddle tractors were equipped with two fuel tanks and a coupling device installed on a frame through wooden bars. Spare wheels were installed behind the cabin, a similar scheme was applied to ZIL-151.

The tractor was equipped with two spares - one for the machine and the second for the semi-trailer. A towing device on the back of the frame was absent. In the exhaust gas release system, a silencer with a shortened nozzle was used, derived from the frame. In freight cars, the exhaust pipe is displayed on the left under the floor of the platform, between the axis of the rear trolley. The saddle tractors were completed with generators with an increased up to 350 W power.

For separate orders, cars were produced in tropical versions equipped with standard and shielded electrical equipment. A distinctive feature of tropical trucks ZIL-157 is a copper radiator with improved heat transfer, as well as an additional condensing tank in the cooling system. The thermostat was not installed, as well as blinds in front of the radiator.

To install special equipment and vans, the plant supplied the chassis under the designation ZIL-157E.

The chassis was distinguished by installing on the sides of the spars of two fuel tanks with a capacity of 150 liters of fuel each and the lack of a spare wheel mounting point.

The reserve was included in the package and mounted in place by the manufacturer of add-ons. A towing hook with a lock and spring protective buffers were installed on the rear crossbar. For individual orders, the chassis was equipped with electrical equipment with protection against radio interference and there was a designation 157EG.

A short time (1989-1992) was produced by the ZIL-MMZ-4510 dump truck with a loading capacity of 3000 kg. Production was carried out on the Mytishchinsky machine-building plant using a dumping mechanism borrowed from the model 4505.

Pros and cons of the car

The ZIL-157 truck is valued by the owners for stability and high patency even without reducing tire pressure. Short raids simplify overcoming irregularities, and the regular winch has a high-length cable and easily pulls out the seeding machine.

However, due to the specifics of the transmission and an outdated engine, the ZIL-157 truck consumes a lot of fuel. The regular gasoline engine is often changing to Minsk diesel engines D-245. The minus is the lack of a hydraulic driver, which makes maneuvering on the spot of a difficult task. When driving along an uneven road, the helm's knuckles can knock out thumbs up on hand brushes.

In 1984, a single prototype sample ZIL-157kDM was released, equipped with a cab and platform from ZIL-131. Periodically, ZIL-157 trucks appear on sale without a mileage on storage on army warehouses.

In China, a Jiefang CA-30 army truck is produced, which is a copy of ZIL-157.

The car is distinguished by the front wings in the style of ZIL-131 and the grille of the radiator, similar to ZIL-150.

ZIL-157 became the first Soviet car with a central tire paging system. The tires created for the truck were used on other army cars. Attempts to improve the machines of the 157th family led to the development of improved transmissions and truck management systems with full drive.

Modern Russian army vehicles are created taking into account the experience of the operation of previous generations of cars, including ZIL-157.

Trucks of the first issues are highly rare. The surviving machines are purchased as collectible instances for subsequent restoration. More common ZIL-157CD trucks due to its technical specifications are used in areas with bad road conditions in direct intended purpose - for the carriage of goods.

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