When the engine is running, the temperature in its cylinders rises above 2000 degrees, and the average is 800 - 900 ° C! If you do not distinguish the heat from the "body" of the engine, then after a few tens of seconds after launch, it will not be cold, but hopelessly hot. Next time you can run your cold engine only after its overhaul.
The cooling system is needed to remove heat from the mechanisms and parts of the engine, but it is only half of its destination, the truth is a big half. To ensure a normal workflow, it is also important to speed up the warm engine warming. And this is the second part of the cooling system.
As a rule, a liquid cooling system, closed-type, with forced fluid circulation and an expansion tank (Fig. 25) is used.
The cooling system consists of:
- shirts cooling block and head of the cylinder block,
- centrifugal pump,
- thermostat
- radiator with an expansion tank,
- fan,
- connecting nozzles and hoses.
To control the operation of the system, on the instrument panel there is a coolant temperature pointer. The normal temperature of the coolant during the operation of the engine must be within 80-20 ° C (see Fig. 63).
Risk receiving condemning words to your address, but let's imagine that the engine is still a living organism. The temperature of any living organism is a permanent value, and any of its change leads to unpleasant consequences. The same thing happens with the engine, it will not work normally if its thermal mode does not correspond to the norm.
Engine cooling shirt It consists of a plurality of channels in the block and head of the cylinder block, which circulates the coolant.
Centrifugal type pump Makes the liquid to move along the engine cooling shirt and the entire system. The pump is driven by the belt transmission from the pulley of the crankshaft of the engine. The belt tension is regulated by the deviation of the generator body (see Fig. 59a) or the tension roller of the engine camshaft drive (see Fig. 11b).
Thermostat Designed to maintain a constant optimal thermal mode of the engine. When starting a cold engine, the thermostat is closed, and the entire liquid circulates only for a small circle (Fig. 25) for the speedy warm-up. When the temperature in the cooling system rises above 80 - 85o, the thermostat automatically opens and part of the fluid enters the radiator for cooling. At high temperatures, the thermostat opens completely and the entire hot liquid is sent by a large circle for its active cooling.
Radiator It serves to cool the fluid passing through it due to air flow, which is created when the vehicle is moving or using the fan. The radiator has many tubes and a "membrane" that form a large surface area of \u200b\u200bthe cooling.
Well, a household example of a car radiator - everyone knows. Each in the house has radiators (batteries) of central or local heating. They also have a special configuration, and the greater the total area of \u200b\u200bthe complex surface of the radiator, the warmer in your home. And at this time, water in the heating system is actively cooled, that is, gives heat.
Expansion tank We are necessary to compensate for changes in the volume and pressure of the coolant when it is heated and cooling.
Fan Designed for a forced increase in the flow of air passing through a radiator of a moving car, as well as to create a stream of air in the case when the car costs without moving with the engine.
Two types of fans are used: permanently enabled, with a belt drive from the crankshaft pulley and the electric fan, which turns on automatically when the temperature of the coolant reaches approximately 100 degrees.
Pipes and hoses Serve to connect the engine cooling shirt with a thermostat, pump, radiator and an expansion tank.
The engine cooling system also includessalon heater. Hot cooling fluid passes through Radiator heater And heats the air supplied to the interior of the car. The air temperature in the cabin is regulated by a special crane that the driver adds or reduces the fluid flow through the heater radiator.
Major cooling system malfunctions.
Bending coolant It may appear due to damage to the radiator, hoses, sealing pads and seals.
To eliminate the malfunction, you must tighten the hose mounting clamps and tubes, and replace damaged parts to new ones. In case of damage to the radiator tubes, you can try to "patch" holes and cracks, but, as a rule, everything ends with the replacement of the radiator.
Engine overheating It can occur due to the insufficient level of coolant, weak tension of the fan belt, clogging of the radiator tubes, as well as with a thermostat malfunction.
To eliminate the fault, restore the fluid level in the cooling system, adjust the fan belt tension, rinse the radiator, replace the thermostat.
Often, the engine overheating also occurs with the serviceable elements of the cooling system, when the machine moves at low speed and large loads on the engine. This happens when driving in severe road conditions, such as country roads and all the annoying city traffic jams. In these cases, it is worth thinking about the engine of your car, and about yourself, too, arranging periodic, at least short-term "respite."
Be careful behind the wheel and do not allow the emergency mode of operation of the engine!
Remember that even one-time overheating of the engine disrupts the structure of the metal, while significantly decreases the life expectancy of the "heart" of the car.
Operation of the cooling system.
When operating a car, it should be periodically peeled under the hood. Even if you are a philologist by education and did not score in this life a single nail, anyway, something you can see and take measures in a timely manner to extend your car's life.
If a Cooling fluid level in the expansion tank It fell or the liquid is absent at all, then first it is necessary to add it, and then to figure it out (independently or with the help of a specialist) with where it is.
In the process of operation of the engine, the liquid is heated to the temperature close to the boiling point, which means that water that is part of its composition will gradually evaporate. If for half a year of the daily operation of the car level in the tank slightly dropped, then this is normal. But if yesterday was a complete tank, and today it is only on the bottom, then it is necessary to look for a coolant leakage place.
The leakage of fluid from the system can be easily determined on dark spots on asphalt or snow after a more or less long-lasting parking. Opening the hood, you will be able to find a leakage place without difficulty, comparing wet traces on the asphalt with the location of the cooling system elements under the hood.
It is necessary to control the fluid level in the tank at least once a week and if there are leaks, it is necessary to add, find and eliminate the cause of the level reduction. In other words, it is necessary to put the cooling system of its engine. Otherwise, he can seriously "get sick" and demand "hospitalization".
In almost all domestic cars, a special low-gas fluid with the name TOCOL A-40 is used as a coolant. The number (minus 40o shows the temperature in which the liquid begins to freeze (crystallize). Under the conditions of the Far North applies Tosol A-65, And accordingly, it will begin at a temperature of minus 65o.
Tosol A-40 is a mixture of water with ethylene glycol and additives. Such a solution combines a lot of advantages. In addition, that he begins to freeze only after the driver itself (a joke) is already frozen, Tosol has also anti-corrosion, anti-native properties and practically does not give deposits in the form of an ordinary scale, since its composition includes clean distilled water. That's why you can only add distilled water into the cooling system.
When operating a car you need control not only the tension, but also the state of the water pump drive belt, Since his opening on the road is always unpleasant. It is recommended to have a spare strap in the fall with you. If not you yourself, then someone from the "gentlemen" on the road will help you change it.
Cooling fluid can boil and lead to engine breakdown in the event that failed fan electric drive sensor. Since the electric fan has not received a command to turn on, the fluid continues to heat up, approaching the boiling point without having a comprehensive care. But at the driver before his eyes there is a device with an arrow and a red sector! Moreover, almost always when the fan is turned on, some vibration and small additional noise are felt. There would be a desire to control, and the ways will always be found.
It is especially unpleasant when the engine "boils" during the road off-road at low speed hot summer. Therefore, there is a practical advice for those who like to exert the depths of the native land and also knows how to keep a screwdriver in their hands.
If you add another toggle switch in the cabin (or use free), with which it is possible to manually turn on the cooling system electric fan, then the sensor failed will not interrupt your trip. By controlling the temperature of the coolant in the device, you yourself can decide when to turn on and when you turn off the fan.
If on the way (and more often in the "plug") you noticed that the temperature of the coolant approaches the critical, and the fan works, then in this case there is a way out. It is necessary to include an additional radiator in the operation of the cooling system - the radiator of the cabin heater. Fully open the driver's faucet, turn on the heater fan, lower the doors and "pull" to the house or to the nearest car service. But continue to closely monitor the engine temperature index arrow. If it goes into the red zone, stop immediately, open the hood and "cool down".
Over time, can deliver trouble thermostat, If it stops letting the liquid in a large circle of circulation. To determine whether the thermostat is not difficult. The radiator should not be heated (determined by hand) until the arrow of the coolant temperature pointer has not reached the middle position (the thermostat is closed). Later, the hot liquid will start entering the radiator, quickly heating it, which indicates the timely opening of the thermostat valve. But if the radiator continues to remain cold, then there are two ways. To knock on the body of the thermostat, maybe it will still open or immediately, morally and financially prepared for its replacement.
Immediately "Give up" the mechanics, if you will see the droplets of the fluid that fell from the cooling system into the lubrication system. This means that damaged cylinder Block Gasket And the coolant enters the engine crankcase oil pan. If you continue the operation of the engine with an oil, half consisting of antimony, then the wear of the engine parts acquires a catastrophic speed. And this, in turn, is already associated with a very expensive repair.
Water pump bearing It does not break "suddenly." First, a specific whistling sound will appear from under the hood, and if the driver "thinks about the future", then the bearing will replace in a timely manner. Otherwise, it will still have to be changed, but already on the fact of being late to the airport or on a business meeting, because of the "suddenly" broken car.
Each drivers should know and remember that On the hot engine, the cooling system is in a state of high pressure! If the engine of your car overheated and "boiled", then, of course, it is necessary to stop and open the hood of the car, but I do not advise you to open the radiator cork. To speed up the engine cooling process, this almost will not give anything, but you can get strongest burns.
Everyone knows than turns around for smartly dressed guests, an ineptly open bottle with "champagne". Everything is much more serious in the car. If you quickly and mindlessly open the cork of the hot radiator, then the fountain will fly out from there, but no longer wines, and boiling toosol! At the same time, not only the driver can suffer, but also the pedestrians. Therefore, if you ever have to open a radiator cork or an expansion tank, then it is pre-taking precautions and do it slowly.
From here we can conclude that the driver of that foreign car not only had a small driving experience, but he also did not read this book! However, this is his trouble, with our reader this should not happen!
5 years ago
Welcome!
Cooling fluid - in essence it plays a very important role in the cooling system of your engine, because if it is not, then the car will not be able to work for a long time without stopping it. And thanks to the coolant, the engine has a car is constantly cooled, thus the life of the engine of your car is extended.
But over time, the liquid comes into disrepair, and therefore it will be necessary to replace. Today, just we consider the process of replacing the coolant, on cars "classical" family.
Note!
To replace, you will need the following tools: First you will need to take a wrench "on 13" with you, as well as it will be necessary to stock empty container of liters "on 10", and it is recommended to take a clean rag with you!
Summary:
Question?
And what prefer to pour cooling fluid into the engine of your car, and why? (Answer write in the comments)
When should I change the cooling fluid?
It is subject to replacement, with:
- The passage of the car "60 thousand km" or when passing 2 years from the day of the fill. (Depending on what comes before)
- As well as the liquid should be replaced if it changed its own color on any other. (In most cases, it changes its color to the reddish)
How to replace the cooling fluid on the VAZ 2101-VAZ 2107?
Digger:
1) To start heading the car to the pit.
Note!
The machine should stand exactly, or, before it should be the above, but not vice versa!
3) Trail to move until it stops right, the lever that opens the supply of warm air into the car's salon, the "VAZ 2106" is located on top and in the photo it is indicated by the letter "A".
5) Then unscrew the tape of the bulk neck of the radiator, which on the model below is also indicated by the arrow.
6) Now unscrew the plug hole, which is located on the cylinder block.
Note!
After you turn the plug hole, which is located on the cylinder block, immediately substitute the bottle hole under it, and drain the entire waste liquid into it!
7) After that, unscrew the plug hole of the radiator, and drain the entire waste liquid from the radiator into the bottle.
8) Behind, remove the belt that fastens the expansion tank, and then lift the tank upwards, as a result of which the residue of the cooling fluid is connected to it, which will be connected to it, which will be fixed through the radiator drain hole.
Filling:
1) First, set the radiator tank to the place, as well as wrap the plug hole plug of the cylinder block and the plug hole of the radiator.
2) Then pour a new cooling fluid into the radiator.
3) Follow the new liquid, into the expansion tank of the radiator.
Note!
A new cooling fluid into the expansion tank is pouring, just above the MIN mark by 3-4 cm!
5) Now tighten the radiator cork and the expansion tank plug in place.
6) After that, get the car and let it work about 4-5 minutes at idle, after 4-5 minutes of work, stop the car and decrease the coolant in the expansion tank and the radiator to the required level.
Important!
- Replace the cooling fluid, you only need to warmly on the cold engine!
- Liquid is very toxic, so it is only worth replacing it on the street or in a well-ventilated room!
- After it goes around three days after replacement, check the fluid level, whenever possible, bring it to the required norm!
Additional video clip:
Do not you understand where is the expansion tank? And also do not understand where is the plug plug located on the cylinder block? For answers to all these questions, see the video, which is slightly lower:
The cooling system device is shown in Fig. 2-60.
Checking the level and density of fluid in the cooling system
The correctness of the refueling of the cooling system is checked by the level of fluid in the expansion tank, which on a cold engine (at 15 - 20 ° C) must be 3-4 mm above the MIN label, applied on the expansion tank.
A WARNING
If necessary, check the coolant density of the coolant, which should be 1.078 - 1.085 g / cm 3. At low density and at high (greater than 1.085 - 1.095 g / cm 3), the temperature of the beginning of the crystallization of the liquid increases, which can lead to its freezing in the cold time of the year.
Fig. 2-60. Cooling system device:
If the level of fluid in the tank below the norm, and the density is higher than the norm, then plot distilled water. If the density is normal, plot the liquid of the same density and the brand, which is in the cooling system.
If the density of the fluid in the cooling system is below the norm, bring it to the norm using the Tosol-A fluid.
Liquid cooling system refill
The refill is made when changing the coolant or after repairing the engine. Follow operations in the following order:
Remove the plugs from the radiator and from the expansion tank and open the heater's crane;
Fill the cooling fluid into the radiator, and then into the expansion tank, pre-putting the radiator cork. Close the plug in the expansion tank;
Run the engine and let it work at idle for 1-2 minutes to remove air traffic jams.
After cooling the engine, check the coolant level. If the level is lower than normal, and in the cooling system there are no traces of leakage, then the fraction of the liquid.
Adjusting the tension of the pump drive belt
The belt tension is checked by its deflection between the slots of the generator and the pump or between the pump pulleys and the crankshaft. With normal belt tension, the deflection of A (Fig. 2-61) under force 10 kgf (98 H) should be within 10-15 mm, and the deflection in between 12-17 mm.
Fig. 2-61. Drive belt tension test diagrampump
To increase the belt tension, weakening the generator fastening nuts, shift it from the engine and tighten the nuts.
Cooling fluid pump
Disassembly
To disassemble the pump:
Disconnect the pump housing from the cover 2 (Fig. 2-62);
Fig. 2-62. Cooling liquid longitudinal section:
1 - body; 2 - cover; 3 - nut fastening of the pump cover; 4 - fan; 5 - pulley hub; 6-tab; 7 - roller; 8 - pulley; 9 - Bearing lock screw; 10 - Bearing; 11 - gland; 12 - impeller
Secure the lid in the vice using the gaskets and remove the impeller from the roller by the A.40026 puller; - Cut the hub 2 (Fig. 2-64) pullea of \u200b\u200bthe fan from the roller using the puller A.40005 / 1/5;
Fig. 2-64. Removing the pulley hub:
1 - pump housing cover; 2 - pulley hub; 3 - Puller
Remove the locking screw 9 (Fig. 2-62) and remove the bearing with the pump roller;
Remove the gland 11 from the cover 2 of the housing.
Control
Check the axial gap in the bearing (should not exceed 0.13 mm with a load of 49 H (5 kgf), especially if there is a significant pump noise. If necessary, replace the bearing.
The pump seal and gasket between the pump and the cylinder block are recommended to be replaced.
Inspect the housing and the pump cover, deformation or cracks are not allowed.
Assembly
Pump assembly in the following order:
Install the excavator of the gland, not allowing the skew, into the housing cover;
Press the bearing with a roller in the lid so that the nest from the axis screws with the hole in the cover of the pump housing;
Wrap the bearing lock screw and begin the nest contours so that the screw does not weaken;
We note with the device A.60430 (Fig. 2-65) on the roller pulley hub, withstanding the size of 84.4 ± 0.1 mm. If the hub is made of metal ceramics, then after removal, we only press the new one;
1 - support; 2 - pump roller; 3 scraping pump housing; 4 - a glass; 5 - Installation Screw
Press the impeller on the roller with the device A.60430, providing a technological gap between the blades of the impeller and the pump of 0.9-1.3 mm;
Collect the pump body with a lid by setting the gasket between them.
THERMOSTAT
The thermostat should check the opening temperature of the main valve and the progress of the main valve.
For this, the thermostat is installed on the BS-106-000 stand, lowering the tank with water or coolant. From the bottom to the main valve 9 (Fig. 2-66). Ensure the bracket of the indicator legs.
Fig. 2-66. Thermostat:
1 - inlet nozzle: (platform); 2 - bypass valve; 3 - Spring of the Interpretation Valve; 4 - a glass; 5 - rubber insert; 6 - outlet; 7 - Spring of the main valve; 8 - primary valve seat; 9 - primary valve; 10 - holder; 11 -reguliped nut; 12 - piston; 13 - inlet nozzle from the radiator; 14 - filler; 15 - Oboyma. D - fluid inlet from the engine; P - fluid inlet from the radiator; H - fluid yield to the pump
The initial temperature of the fluid in the tank should be 73-75 ° C. The temperature of the fluid gradually increase the approximately 1 ° C per minute with gradual stirring so that it is the same in all the fluid.
Over the start of the opening of the valve is taken, in which the stroke of the base valve is 0.1 mm.
The thermostat must be replaced if the opening temperature of the main valve is not within 81_4 5 ° C or valve stroke less than 6.0 mm.
The simplest inspection of the thermostat can be carried out on a sense directly by car. After starting the cold engine, with a good thermostat, the lower radiator tank must be heated when the arrow of the fluid temperature pointer is approximately 3-4 mm from the red zone of the scale, which corresponds to 80-85 ° C.
RADIATOR
Removal from the car
To remove the radiator from the car:
- drain the liquid from the radiator and the cylinder block, removing the drain plugs in the low tank of the radiator and on the cylinder block; Open the tap of the heater, and remove the radiator tube from the bulk neck;
- disconnect the hoses from the radiator;
- remove the fan cover;
- remove the radiator mounting bolts to the body, remove the radiator from the engine compartment.
Testing tightness
The tightness of the radiator is checked in the bath with water.
Having shut down the radiator nozzles, lay the air under the pressure of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf / cm 2) and lower the water with water at least 30 s. At the same time, air etching should not be observed.
Minor damage to the brass radiator is milded, and with a significant replace the radiator new.
Details of the carburetor engine cooling system: 1
- heater radiator; 2 - cooling fluid hose from the heater radiator; 3 - coolant supply hose to the heater crane; 4 - a tube of removal of coolant from the head of the cylinder block; 5 - bypass hose; 6 - expansion tank; 7 - connecting hose of the expansion tank; 8 - cooling fluid supply hose to the radiator; 9 - radiator cork; 10 - radiator electric fan; 11 - cooling system radiator; 12 - electrical fan power sensor; 13 - cooling fluid discharge hose from the radiator; 14 - coolant pump; 15 - coolant supply hose to the pump; 16 - thermostat; 17 - Cooling fluid temperature sensor; 18 - Cooling fluid removal hose from the inlet pipeline; 19 - the driver's faucet; 20 - Cooling fluid removal tube from heater radiatorThe cooling system supports the optimal thermal engine mode by adjustable heat removal from the most heated parts. The engine cooling system is a liquid, hermetic type, with forced circulation of coolant and an expansion tank.
Connected to the cooling system salon heater radiator car. The heated coolant from the cylinder head arrives on the hose through an open crane into the heater radiator, and then (through the liquid removal tube) in the coolant pump.
The coolant pump is a centrifugal, drives from the pulley of the crankshaft to the clinorem. The pump consists of a housing and covers made of aluminum alloy. The cover is attached to nuts to four studs, screwed into the pump housing. A sealing gasket is installed between the housing and the lid. Pump roller rotates in a two-row closed bearing. HA The front end of the roller pressed the pump pulley flange, and on the rear - cast iron or plastic impeller.
Radiator - vertical, tubular-plate, with two plastic tanks and aluminum core. The radiator is installed on two rubber pillows and is attached to the body with two bolts. The filling neck of the radiator closes hermetically plug and connected by a hose with expansion tank. The radiator tube has an exhaust (vapor) valve, pressing the spring to the planting riot of the filler, and the inlet valve through which the radiator is connected to the expansion tank. The intake valve will not be pressed to the saddle and has a 0.5-1.1 mm clearance, which ensures the intake and release of the coolant into the expansion tank when heated or cooling. With a sharp increase in temperature or boiling fluid, the inlet valve does not have time to release fluid into the expansion tank and closes, separating the system with an expansion tank. When, due to further heating of the fluid, the pressure increases to 50 kPa, the exhaust valve opens and part of the fluid begins to enter the expansion tank. The expansion tank is closed with a plug with a rubber valve supporting the pressure in the tank close to the atmospheric.
The electric fan is installed behind the radiator. To reduce noise when the fan impeller blade is running, have an alternating angle of installation and step. The carburetor engine electric fan is turned on from the sensor, screwed into the lower part of the radiator's right tank. HA Early Consumers With Permanent Forced Ventilation The fan power sensor and the electric fan are not installed. The impeller of the fan was attached to the pulley of the coolant pump and rotated constantly when the engine running. HA Injection motor The electric fan is controlled by the ECU commands (through the relay). The source data for these commands is the coolant temperature sensor signal installed in the discharge nozzle of the cooling system.
The thermostat of the cooling system is used to maintain the desired thermal mode of operation of the engine and accelerate its warm-up. At the coolant temperature below 80 ° C, the thermostat is closed, and the bypass is open. The liquid circulates from the cylinder block cooling shirt through the thermostat to the pump, which again supplies fluid into the cooling shirt, bypassing the radiator (small circle). This ensures fast engine warming. The opening temperature of the main thermostat valve should be in the range of 80.6-81.5 ° C. The complete stroke of the basic valve should be at least 6 mm. When the fluid is heated above 94 ° C, the main thermostat valve is fully opened, and the bypass is closed. The liquid comes from the cooling shirt through the supply hose to the radiator. From the radiator, the liquid on the discharge hose passes through the thermostat main valve to the pump, which again supplies the liquid into the cooling shirt (large circle). B The temperature range of 80-94 ° C thermostat valves are in the intermediate position and the liquid circulates both in small and in a large circle. Regardless of the position of the thermostat valves, with the heater is open, the liquid always circulates through the heater radiator. In addition, the fluid is constantly circulating through the heating node of the inlet pipe or the throttle housing (on the injection motor).
Details of the cooling system of the injection motor
: 1 - heater radiator; 2 - cooling fluid hose from the heater radiator; 3 - coolant supply hose to the heater crane; 4 is the cooling fluid removal hose from the heating node of the throttle housing; 5 - Sensor (control system) The temperature of the coolant; 6 - cooling fluid supply hose to the heating node of the throttle housing; 7 - expansion tank; 8 - cooling fluid supply hose to the radiator; 9 - connecting hose of the expansion tank; 10 - radiator cork; 11 - cooling system radiator; 12 - electric fan radiator; 13 - cooling fluid discharge hose from the radiator; 14 - coolant pump; 15 - coolant supply hose to the pump; 16 - thermostat; 17 - bypass hose; 18 is the coolant temperature pointer sensor; 19 - Tube of the cooling fluid from the head of the cylinder block; 20 - the driver's faucet; 21 - Cooling fluid removal tube from heater radiatorFig. 7. 1. The tube of removal of fluid from the heater radiator into the coolant pump. 2. Cooling fluid discharge hose from the inlet tube. 3. Cooling fluid drop hose from heater radiator. 4. Fluid supply hose into heater radiator. 5. Thermostat spa hose. 6. Cooling shirt exhaust pipe. 7. Sliding radiator hose. 8. Expansion tank. 9. Tank tube. 10. Hose from the radiator to the expansion tank. 11. Cork radiator. 12. Graduation (steam) plug valve. 13. Cork inlet valve. 14. Upper radiator tank. 15. The filling neck of the radiator. 16. Radiator tube. 17. Radiator cooling plates. 18. Fan casing. 19. Fan. 20. Cutting the coolant pump drive. 21. Rubber support. 22. Window from the cylinder block for the coolant supply. 23. Owlika Salna. 24. Coolant pump roller bearing. 25. Pump cover. 26. The hub of the pulley fan. 27. Pump roller. 28. Stop screw. 29. Glorina cuff. 30. Pump housing. 31. Pump impeller. 32. Adopted pump nozzle. 33. Nizhny radiator tank 34. Distinguishing radiator hose. 35. Radiator belt. 36. Coolant pump. 37. Cooling fluid supply hose into the pump. 38. Thermostat. 39. Rubber insert. 40. Input nozzle (radiator). 41. The main valve. 42. Bypass valve. 43. Thermostat case. 44. The pipe of the bypass hose. 45. Hose pipe for the supply of coolant into the pump. 46. \u200b\u200bThermostat cover. 47. Piston of the working element. I - the thermostat operation scheme. II - fluid temperature is less than 80 ° C. III - fluid temperature 80-94 ° C. IV - fluid temperature greater than 94 ° C.
Liquid engine cooling system, closed type, with forced fluid circulation. Capacity of the system of 9.85 l, including the heating system of the body. The cooling system consists of the following elements: coolant pump 36, radiator, expansion tank 8, pipelines and hoses, fan 19, block cooling shirts and cylinder head heads.
When the engine is running, the liquid, heated in the cooling shirts, enters the exhaust pipe 6 by hoses 5 and 7 to the radiator or thermostat, depending on the position of the thermostat valves. Next, the coolant is absorbed by the pump 36 and is fed again to the cooling shirt.
In the cooling system, a special liquid Tosol A-40 is an aqueous solution of antifreeze antifreeze (concentrated ethylene glycol with anti-corrosion and anti-anti-native additives with a density of 1.12-1.14 g / cm 3). Tosol A-40 blue color with a density of 1.078-1.085 g / cm 3, has a freezing temperature minus 40 ° C.
Checking the coolant level is carried out on a cold engine (at a temperature plus 15-20 ° C) in terms of fluid level in the expansion tank 8, which should be 3-4 mm above the "min" tag.
The density of the fluid is checked by a carometer during car maintenance. With increasing fluid density and reduced level, distilled water fills. With normal density, the liquid of the brand is fastened, which is in the cooling system.
With a reduced density of coolant and the need to operate the car during the cold season, the liquid is replaced with a new one.
To control the coolant temperature, there is a sensor installed in the cylinder head, and the pointer on the instrument panel. With the normal temperature mode of the engine operation, the arrow of the pointer is at the beginning of the red field of the scale in the range of 80-100 ° C. The transition of the arrow into the red zone indicates an increased thermal engine mode, which can be caused by problems in the cooling system (weakening the pump drive belt, insufficient coolant or thermostat malfunction), as well as heavy road conditions.
Drain of fluid from the system is carried out through drain holes closed by plugs: one in the left corner of the lower tank 33 of the radiator, the other in the cylinder block on the left in the course of the car movement.
A car interior heater is connected to the cooling system. The heated liquid from the cylinder head enters the hose 4 through the heater radiator crane, and the hose 3 and tube 1 sucks with a pump 36.
The centrifugal coolant pump is activated from the crankshaft pulley by the generator drives by a wedge belt.
The pump is attached to the cylinder block on the right side through the sealing gasket with bolts with a torque of 22-27 N · m (2.2-2.7 kgf · m).
The housing 30 and the cover 25 of the pump are cast from aluminum alloy. In the lid in the bearing 24, which will stop the screw 28, the roller is installed 27. Bearing 24 double-row, inseparable, without internal clip. The bearing is filled with lubricant when assembling and is not lubricated in the future.
On the roller 27 on the one hand, the impeller patent 31, and on the other - the hub 26 pulley drive of the pump. The end of the impeller in contact with the sealing ring, tempered by high frequency currents to a depth of 3 mm. The sealing ring is pressed against the sprinkler of the spring through the rubber cuff 29.
The seal is intimidate, consists of an outer brass rope 23, a rubber cuff and springs. The gland is pressed into the cover of 25 pump.
The pump housing has a receiving nozzle 32 and window 22 towards the cylinder block for supplying the coolant pump.
With normal tension of the wedge belt of the pump drive, the belt is deflection under force 100 H (10 kgf) should be within 10-15 mm.
Fan
The fan 19 represents a four-blade impeller made of plastic, which is attached to the bolt to the hub 26 of the pump drive pulley. Fan blades have an alternating angle of installation and to reduce noise Variable step over the hub. For better performance efficiency, the fan is in the casing 18, which is attached to the bolts to the radiator brackets.
Radiator and expansion tank. The radiator with the upper 14 and the lower 33 tanks, with two rows of brass vertical tubes 16 and tinted cooling plates 17 is fastened with four bolts to the front of the body and relies on rubber supports 21.
The filling neck 15 of the radiator is closed with a plug 11 and is connected by a hose 10 with a translucent plastic expansion tank 8. The radiator cork has an inlet valve 13 and the exhaust 12 through which the radiator is connected to the expansion tank hose. The intake valve is not pressed against the laying (0.5-1.1 mm gap) and allows the intake and release of the coolant into the expansion tank when the engine is heated and cooling.
When the liquid boiling or sharply increasing the temperature due to the small bandwidth of the intake valve, it does not have time to release the fluid into the expansion tank and closes, separating the cooling system with an expansion tank. With increasing pressure, the exhaust valve 12 opens up to 50 kPa, and the coolant portion is discharged into the expansion tank.
The expansion tank is closed by a plug, which has a rubber valve, triggered at a pressure close to the atmospheric.
Since 1988, the VAZ-2105 car engines, VAZ-2104 began to install radiators with aluminum cores made of two rows of horizontal round aluminum tubes and aluminum coolant plates. Double-way radiator with plastic tanks and pipes for connecting hoses. One of the tanks has a partition. The radiator is collapsible, the core is attached to the tanks through sealing rubber gaskets. To improve the efficiency of cooling the liquid, aluminum cooling plates are stamped with a notch, and plastic turbulizers in the form of a corkscrew are inserted into the tubes. All this provides turbulent movement of air and fluid in tubes.
Thermostat and cooling system operation The cooling system thermostat speeds up the engine warming up and supports the necessary thermal engine operation. With optimal thermal mode, the coolant temperature should be 85-95 ° C.
Thermostat 38 consists of a housing 43 and the covers 46, which are over-rolled together with the base valve seat 41. The thermostat has an inlet nozzle 40 for the intake of the cooled fluid from the radiator, the pipe 44 of the bypass hose 5 for the cylinder crossing of the cylinder head into the thermostat and nozzle 45 for Cooling fluid supply to pump 36.
The primary valve is installed in a glass of thermoelement, in which rubber insert 39 is roles. In the rubber insert there is a steel polished piston 47, fixed on a fixed holder. A thermo sensitive solid filler is placed between the walls and the rubber insert. The main valve 41 presses the spring to the saddle. Two racks are fixed on the valve, on which the bypass valve 42 is installed, a pressed spring.
The thermostat, depending on the temperature of the coolant automatically turns on or disconnects the radiator of the cooling system and is bypasses the fluid through the radiator or by passing it.
On a cold engine at a coolant temperature below 80 ° C, the main valve is closed, the bypass is open. At the same time, the fluid circulates along the hose 5 through, the bypass valve 42 per pump 36, bypassing the radiator (for a small circle). This ensures fast engine warming.
If the fluid temperature rises above 94 ° C, the thermostat thermostat filler expands, compresses the rubber insert 39 and squeezes the piston 47 by moving the main valve 41 to the full opening. The bypass valve 42 is completely closed. The liquid in this case circulates in a large circle: from the cooling shirt on the hose 7 to the radiator and then on the hose 34 through the main valve enters the pump, which is again sent to the cooling shirt.
Within temperatures of 80-94 ° C, the thermostat valves are located in intermediate positions, and the coolant circulates in small and large circles. The opening value of the main valve provides gradual mixing cooled in the fluid radiator than the best thermal engine operation is achieved.
The temperature of the opening of the main thermostat valve should be within 77-86 ° C, the valve stroke is at least 6 mm.
Checking the start of the opening of the main valve is performed in the water tank. The initial water temperature must be 73-75 ° C. The temperature of the water is gradually increased by 1 ° C per minute. The temperature of the opening of the valve takes the temperature at which the stroke of the base valve is 0.1 mm.
The simplest inspection of the thermostat work can be held on the touch directly by car. With a good thermostat after starting a cold engine, the lower radiator tank begins to heat up when the fluid temperature pointer arrow on the instrument panel is approximately 3-4 mm from the red zone of the scale, which corresponds to the cooling fluid temperature of 80-95 ° C.
