When designing the Kia Sid chassis, the company's engineers decided to use an already well-known scheme. Therefore, the front half of the suspension system remained independent, McPherson type. This pendant has earned its popularity due to having several advantages:

• compactness. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to place the engine transversely in the engine compartment;
• simplicity of the device;
• large stroke to prevent breakouts.

Along with the advantages, there is also a disadvantage. It lies, oddly enough, in her structural device, namely in the hinged mounting of the rack. This mount allows for a significant change in wheel camber. That's why this type suspension is rarely used for sports cars.

Description of the construction scheme

The basis of a device of this type of lever-spring scheme will be a shock-absorbing telescopic strut. This part is needed to perform two functions:

• serve as a telescopic element for the guiding mechanism;
• serve as an element that reduces the frequency of vertical vibrations of the wheels relative to the car body.

Around each rack there is a cylindrical coil spring, a compression buffer and a protective casing.

The diagram for attaching the shock absorber strut to other parts of the car is as follows. Its top is in contact with the body through an intermediary in the face top support. Thus, due to the presence of the upper support shock absorber strut capable of absorbing the load from the vehicle body. In his lowest point shock absorber with steering knuckle and the ball joint is combined with the front arm Kia suspension cee'd. The steering knuckle receives the forces coming from the wheel and redistributes them to other parts of the suspension. The purpose of the ball joint is to ensure the correct rotation geometry of the drive wheel.

The subframe, used as a supporting element of the Kia cee’d front suspension, is attached through rubber-metal pads (silent blocks) to the car body using a pair of brackets. It should be noted that the use of silent blocks allows not only to reduce the noise of the suspension, but also to remove most of the vibrations. When making a sharp turn to the right or left, the center of mass shifts in the same direction. As a result, the car body tilts and the wheels may lose contact with the road. This may cause the vehicle to overturn. To prevent this, the Kia Sid suspension design includes such an element as a stabilizer lateral stability. Attached on one side to the subframe, it contacts the Kia Sid front suspension arms through struts using rubber bushings. The wheel hubs in this suspension design are secured using non-adjustable double-row angular contact ball bearings.

Existing disadvantages

Along with the advantages already listed, the suspension also has disadvantages.

1. Big move. This may be good for comfort, but it also reduces handling.
2. When driving along bad roads the process of rapid destruction of the attachment points of the shock absorber struts to the mudguard begins.
3. One-piece shock absorber strut design. If it wears out, the entire rack will have to be replaced.
4. Poor sound insulation from noise coming from road surface.
5. Insufficient longitudinal roll compensation.

Because of these shortcomings, they try not to install McPherson suspension on luxury cars. But for budget class cars, its pros outweigh the cons.

So, I’m also getting ready to change ammo struts. I'm assembling [b]a set of hangers. A LOT has been written about this topic and it’s chaotic, but what I’ve decided for myself so far is:

Possible replacement options

CEED ED (dorestayl)

KYB based solution

B. Rear suspension

Bilstein based solution

B. Rear suspension

CEED FL (restyle)

I'm looking for someone to write! ;)

Let's add These lists other rack parts (see figure). What should be changed along with springs and ammo? Buy original or eat worthy replacements other manufacturers?

We need RELIABLE solutions that do not change the character of Sid's suspension for the worse, which will improve reliability and operational properties. Collective farming and finishing work are also not acceptable.

Replacement of other suspension parts (except ammo and springs) - according to their condition.

Let's make a version of a normal manual already!

Any comments, additions and amendments will be received with gratitude, original

1 Suspension device

The result of the work of Kia engineers is a fully independent suspension, focused on an active driving style.

1.1 Basic definitions

Front suspension is MacPherson type with anti-roll bar and reinforced subframe, rear multi-link. Ease of maintenance and wear resistance make this arrangement indispensable on Russian roads. To improve the rolling effect, the diameter has been increased wheel bearings. And L-shaped lower control arms And gas shock absorbers Sachs firms contribute to improved handling and smoother ride. On kia seed A negative camber angle is set to achieve cornering stability.

The car's steering can be understeer, oversteer, or neutral. To obtain neutral steering when coasting, the suspension is adjusted in proportion to the weight distribution of the car indicated in the info (with the driver in his seat!). However this is not the best option, since under gas a rear-wheel drive car will oversteer, and a front-wheel drive car will understeer. Typically, neutral steering is set to an intermediate throttle position.

1.2 Ground clearance

(Ride Height - English)

It determines the suspension travel range (Motion Range, in meters) and the height of the vehicle’s center of gravity. Centrifugal force acts on the center of gravity, tending to tip the car over the outer wheels. The inner wheels are unloaded and lose traction. The outer wheels load, but gain significantly less traction than the inner wheels lose, and the overall traction of the car drops. In addition, the car body rolls and tilts the wheels, reducing their contact patches. To reduce these unwanted effects and go through the rotation higher speed, the center of gravity should be as low as possible. However, do not rush to set it very low ground clearance. It will limit suspension travel and may make it difficult to negotiate rough spots on the trail.

2 Shock absorbers

(Dampers, Shock absorbers - English)

The characteristics of shock absorbers are closely related to the stiffness of the springs. Springs affect the length of suspension travel, and shock absorbers affect the speed of movement.

2.1 Compression force

(Compression Damping - English)

The compression resistance of the shock absorber affects the compression rate of the suspension: external wheels when turning, front when braking, rear when accelerating. The higher the value, the slower the car body will move when redistributing weight and the easier it is to control such a car. The price for this is weakening adhesion properties tires - braking dynamics and cornering speed will deteriorate.

2.2 Rebound force

(Rebound Damping - English)

Like the compression force, the rebound force dampens body vibrations in favor of simplifying control, only when the suspension is reversed (compressed).

3 Anti-roll bars

(Anti Roll bars - English)

Reduce lateral rolls body (and with them the tilt of the wheels) and make the car’s reactions faster and more predictable. But you shouldn’t overdo it with them, they make the independent suspension more dependent - when one wheel hits, both the opposite one and the entire body will shake. In addition, stabilizers reduce grip. Accordingly, they reduce steering at the front and increase at the rear. They adjust the steering at the fine-tuning stage.

4 Management

(Steering - English)

This is the distance between the steering axis of the wheel and the middle of its tire (A). When driving a rear-wheel drive car with a positive rolling shoulder, the rolling resistance force of the non-driving wheel creates a noticeable moment on this shoulder, which directs the steering wheel to the center position. This can be useful on nervous and difficult-to-drive machines. In the case of “cotton” control, on the contrary, a negative shoulder is made to add sharpness. On a front-wheel drive car, when coasting or braking, the situation repeats, and when accelerating, everything is exactly the opposite. Therefore, any non-zero values ​​will alternately either help or harm, introducing an unnecessary imbalance in control.

(Caster - English)

Longitudinal angle of inclination of the axis of rotation

Provides dynamic stabilization of the steered wheels - in other words, makes the car drive straight with the steering wheel released. The principle of operation is clear from the behavior of the wheel on the chair - when moving, it tends to be behind the leg, that is, to take the most stable position. To get the same effect on a car (rear wheel drive), the intersection point of the steering axis with the road surface (c) must be in front of the center of the wheel contact patch (d). To do this, the rotation axis is tilted back, like a bicycle. Now, when turning, the lateral reactions of the road applied behind them try to return the wheel to its place. Moreover, if a lateral force acts on the car, then the caster provides smooth turn the machine in the direction of this force, and prevents it from tipping over. On front wheel drive car when braking dynamic stabilization works the same as on rear wheel drive. But during acceleration, the wheel no longer rolls behind the leg, but pushes it in front of itself, so dynamic stabilization is not required.

The importance of caster does not end there; when you turn the steering wheel, it tilts both wheels in the direction of the turn. When the wheel tilts, the outer rolling circle (1) becomes larger than the inner one (2), and accordingly travels a longer distance. But since this is one and the same body and cannot break apart, then inner part brakes the outer one and the wheel tends to turn in the direction of the inclination. This means that the caster, by tilting both front wheels in the direction of the turn, increases understeer when the steering wheel is turned.

4.3 Lateral tilt of the steering axis

Provides weight stabilization of the steered wheels. With this scheme, the moment the wheel deviates from “neutral,” the front begins to rise. And since it weighs a lot, when you release the steering wheel under the influence of gravity, the system tends to take initial position, corresponding to motion in a straight line. Weight stabilization is present only when maintaining positive leverage run-in But when turning, the inklin tilts the outer wheel at an unfavorable angle (like positive camber) and its contact patch deteriorates. And since it bears the main load when turning, the entire axle loses traction. This disadvantage can be compensated for by caster and camber, then the grip of the outer wheel will be good, but the grip of the inner wheel (albeit less important) will greatly deteriorate.

For front wheel drive cars Front axle traction is extremely important, and this stabilization should be resorted to last. In powerful rear-wheel drive cars, on the contrary, everything depends on the clutch. rear wheels and a slight loss of front axle traction when cornering is even beneficial, as it compensates for oversteer.

4.4 Parallelism of wheel rotation

(Parallel Steer - English)

With a value of 1, both wheels turn at the same angle; 0 - as the steering wheel is turned, the inner wheel deviates at a greater angle than the outer one. When turning, the inner wheel follows a smaller radius, so it must be turned more strongly than the outer one. In addition, as the steering wheel is turned, the toe-in of the front wheels decreases, thereby increasing steering stability when cornering. The smaller the radii of turns on the highway, the smaller this value should be.

5 Wheels

(Wheels - English)

5.1 Toe-in

(Toe-in - English)

Positive toe-in: When viewed from above, if you draw straight lines along the wheels, they will intersect at the front of the car. Negative toe-out: imaginary straight lines will intersect behind the car. Positive toe-in rear axle makes it more stable in a straight line. With a negative one, the car will scour around. With the front axle, the opposite is true - positive toe-in of the front wheels adds steering ability to the car, making it easier to dive into a turn. Negative will increase control stability. A strong deviation of the toe from zero increases the rolling resistance of the car on a straight line (decreases maximum speed, fuel consumption and tire wear increase), but at small angles this is not noticeable.

Like toe, camber is the parallelism of the wheels, but when viewed from the front. With negative camber, the wheels tilt inward, and with positive camber, they tilt outward. This is done to preserve the contact patch when turning, because, as already mentioned, the tire is deformed under the influence of lateral overloads. Unlike the tilt of the wheels due to caster, camber is a static angle. Therefore, along with the advantages, it also has two small drawbacks. The first is that when turning, the inside wheel leans away from the turn and loses traction. But because it is unloaded, it does not play a big role. The second is that when driving in a straight line, the wheels are not perpendicular to the road, and the grip is not maximum. But because It makes sense to set this angle to a large value only for the rear wheels, and this is only noticeable when starting on rear wheel drive car. When braking, almost 70% of the weight has to be decelerated by the front wheels - rear wheel traction has much less of an impact.
The inclination of the wheel relative to the road determines the size and shape of the tire's contact patch, that is, it directly affects the grip of the wheels on the road. On a straight line, the wheels have maximum grip absolutely perpendicular to the road (Fig. 1-a). This allows you to start quickly and brake late. And in a turn, the lateral overload deforms the contact patch and changes the nature of the specific pressure distribution in it (Fig. 1-b). To compensate for the deformation, the wheel tilts in the direction of rotation (Fig. 1-c). This allows you to take turns with the same maximum contact patch, and therefore with maximum grip.

a - contact patch at rest;
b - deformation of the contact patch in a turn;
c - compensation of deformation by tilting the wheel
When driving in a straight line, grip decreases and you will have to brake earlier.

Do you remember that fairy tale story in which, despite the huge number of feather beds, the main character does not sleep all night because of a tiny pea at the very bottom? The next morning she had the impression that the bed seemed wonderful, but she did not get enough sleep.

Approximately the same feeling would appear after every trip if the car did not include such essential element called pendant. On the one hand, it seems like you’ve reached your destination, but now you know the way to the smallest pebble or pothole. Can you describe how the suspension works?

IN Soviet years almost any motorist could tell about its theoretical structure, and also knew what type was on his car. Nowadays, a large number of car enthusiasts prefer not to bother with their own repairs, that is, when difficulties arise with the car, they come to car repair specialists. Therefore, it’s good that only every fourth person knows the device of his car. Many will ask - why know about the structure of the car if there is a car mechanic. But then why do they teach about anatomy at school if there are doctors? The simplest answer would be - for the sake of interest and new knowledge. Let's look at how it works rear suspension Kia Sid station wagon.

What does the suspension structure consist of?

Structurally, it is divided into the following parts:

• a guide element that specifies the nature of movement car wheels in relation to the body. Various levers can be used as guides, such as longitudinal or transverse, double and others;
• elastic element. It is assumed that when it perceives the load from uneven road surfaces, it accumulates and transfers the resulting energy to the car body. These elements are divided into metal (spring, spring and torsion bar) and non-metal (rubber, pneumatic, hydropneumatic and rubber);
• extinguishing device. Designed to reduce the amplitude of body vibrations that occur during operation of the elastic element;
• stabilizer longitudinal stability. By distributing the weight of the car over the wheels when turning, it reduces the amount of roll;
• the wheel support, receiving forces from the wheel, redistributes them between other suspension elements;
• fastening elements combine all of the above parts into a single whole. It can be a rigid bolted connection using elastic elements (rubber-metal bushings or silent blocks) or a ball joint.

It is generally accepted that the suspension on a car can be either dependent or independent. The difference between them is that in the case dependent suspension the wheels are connected by a rigid beam, that is, the rotation of one wheel is transferred to the other. With an independent suspension, there is no connection between the wheels, that is, they can move freely in a transverse (relative to the body) plane. Of course, this is only initial information and if you wish, you can find a lot of interesting things.

How the suspension works on the Kia cee'd station wagon

According to sources, the rear suspension design is made as an independent multi-link. What is meant by independent suspension, we have already found out. It remains to understand what a multi-link is.

In the figure it is easy to see that (at least) four levers are used to secure the wheel hub and, thus, a high smooth ride and better vehicle control are achieved.

The front suspension is also independent, but uses MacPherson struts in conjunction with an anti-roll bar. The purpose of the stabilizer should already be clear. Let's look at what a MacPherson strut is.

The figure shows that the main element in its design is a shock-absorbing strut in conjunction with elastic element(spring) attached using a rotary joint to the fender of the car.

Suspension upgrade

After driving on a standard suspension, many come to the conclusion that the ground clearance is too low and needs to be increased. The first thing that is done is installing spacers on the Kia Sid station wagon. They can be installed both between the spring and the car body (in the case of MacPherson struts), and between the spring and the body mounting cup (rear suspension). The second method is to install non-standard springs on the Kia Sid station wagon. Instead of standard ones, springs with a large number of turns are installed.

The table will help you compare these methods

In most cases, premature failure of the joint and replacement of the CV joint with Kia models Sid, caused by a rupture of its protective cover. Water and dirt from the road surface enter the unit, causing an aggressive effect on the joint parts, significantly reducing its service life.

Symptoms of malfunction

• Crunching sound when turning the steering wheel to extreme positions;
• A jolt when starting the car and when accelerating;
• Noise when driving.

Replacement procedure

• Loosen the hub nut
• Filming front wheel from the replacement side;
• Completely unscrew and remove the nut;
• We disconnect the steering tip from the steering knuckle and the stabilizer link;
• Disconnect the connection with the ball joint;
• Unscrew completely wheel nut;
• Remove the hub from the joint splines.

Further, if it is only necessary to replace the outer CV joint, then we can replace it on site without removing the axle shaft from the gearbox. When replacing internal hinge Kia Sid, or both at once, dismantle the axle shaft, after draining the oil from the gearbox;

• We dismantle the old hinges;
• Having put lubricant into the new products, we install the hinges and protective covers;
• Reinstall the axle shaft;
• Fill the gearbox with oil;
• We put everything back together in reverse order.

Prices for replacing CV joints in Kia Sid

CV joint replacement

from 1"900 rub.

Replacing the ball joint Kia Sid

Replacing a ball joint on a Kia Side is a long and difficult process, which requires almost completely disassembling the suspension. It is extremely difficult to do this alone in a garage - it requires not only a pit, but assistants, and if you want to save time and nerves, then it would be best to contact a workshop.

Signs of a faulty ball joint include uneven tire wear, a rumbling noise when driving above 60 km/h and a knocking sound when driving on rough roads, as well as uneven tire wear. If these “symptoms” appear, it is better to consult a specialist.

Prices for replacing a Kia Sid ball joint

Replacing the ball joint

from 750 rub.

Suspension diagnostics Kia Sid

If your LED sways when braking and deviates slightly from the direction of travel, if knocking is heard in the suspension area while driving, high speed the wheels wobble, and bumps are heard on an uneven road, this may be a reason to diagnose the suspension, as this indicates a malfunction. Additional "symptoms" of suspension problems include uneven or increased wear tire, long braking distances, wheel runout and premature activation of ABS when driving on uneven roads.

It is not necessary to postpone diagnostics of the suspension until difficulties in its operation begin; this can also be done during scheduled maintenance. The procedure will not take much time - the services for this purpose have special high-tech equipment and qualified craftsmen. Diagnosis will not take much time. Regular suspension checks will save you from unexpected problems and expensive “repair surprises”.

Prices for Kia Sid suspension diagnostics

Suspension diagnostics

from 350 rub.

Replacing the Kia Sid boot

The warranty on Kia Sid anthers is 15 thousand km, but the service life can reach 50 thousand km. Although this detail seems secondary at first glance, if you do not pay due attention to it, then cracks and tears will form on it. Ultimately, this can lead to a malfunction of the CV joint, and indeed the entire axle shaft, and therefore to expensive repairs for their replacement.

Just like replacing a ball joint, replacing a boot is a long, labor-intensive process that has its own subtleties. If you want your suspension to work properly, then it is best to entrust this procedure to professionals.

Prices for replacing the Kia Sid boot

Replacing the boot

from 1"300 rub.

Replacing CV joint

from 1"300 rub.

Replacing the suspension arm Kia Sid

Sid's rear suspension is equipped with four levers (three transverse and one longitudinal) on each side, which provide good vehicle control and a smooth ride. These parts are durable, but a sharp blow to the wheel, incorrect repair or replacement work, driving on a rocky road or hitting an obstacle can deform them or knock them out of place.

Repairing the lever if it is deformed is impossible due to the difficulty of maintaining the correct suspension geometry - replacement is necessary here. A torn lever is a dangerous breakdown, and in this case you should immediately contact service.

After replacing any of the levers, it is necessary to check and adjust the wheel alignment angles (do wheel alignment), which is only possible in a workshop.

Multi-link design in places such as the rear suspension Kia car Sid is quite easy to meet today. This is a common scheme that the vast majority of manufacturers prefer in order to increase stability and give their models confident handling.

The “hero” of our material, the Kia Sid, has such a suspension. This scheme is not simple, but it allows the manufacturer to achieve very fine tuning chassis.

At the heart of any multi-link suspension design, naturally the front suspension is not taken into account here; the following elements are present:

• levers, some of which are transverse and others longitudinal;
• one-piece subframe;
• twisted spring elements;
• shock absorbers;
• hubs together with axles;
• stabilizer with struts.

Suspension tasks

The rear chassis diagram of the Kia Sid model includes 4 levers on one side. Three elements are transverse, and the 4th is longitudinal. The lever system ensures that the hub and wheel are held in motion correctly per unit of time. The subframe allows you to reduce the level of vibrations transmitted to the body by suspension elements.

Each of the levers is fastened using bolted connections through rubber-metal bushings called silent blocks. Such softening components are present not only in the levers, but also in the attachment points of the subframe itself.

To dampen vertical vibrations, shock absorbers are used, which are supposed to work in tandem with springs. This ensures the most efficient position of the body relative to the road surface. This is especially noticeable when driving over bumps, when the body, tilted under its own weight, quickly and efficiently returns to its original place with the help of the specified shock-absorbing elements.

The stabilizer, which is attached to special subframe brackets and is connected to its struts at both edges, is responsible for stability in corners and counteracting lateral forces. Their service life (racks) is small, about 60-80 thousand km, since they perceive loads with increased force. The durability of these components, as well as other rear axle components, is influenced by the condition of the road surfaces and the intensity of travel.

The steering knuckle is a kind of connecting link between the levers. With its help, the forces arising in the suspension components during movement are redistributed KIA Ceed. A hub is installed into the axle (or fist) itself, which serves to hold the wheel and ensure its rotation. Some inexperienced owners are spontaneously misled, confusing the axle with the hub. To help such a contingent, we address a photo that will allow us to finally understand the type and purpose of these elements. The fist in this diagram is circled to eliminate further confusion.

Differences between suspensions in different generations of LEDs

The rear suspension in the previous generation caused a lot of criticism due to its excessive rigidity. Kia owners Sid complained about the lack of comfort when driving over bumps and potholes, when every bump was felt in its entirety. The manufacturer listened to the angry owners and reconfigured the suspension, giving it different characteristics in terms of the balance between softness and hardness, without compromising handling.

How has the behavior of the suspension changed in the new generation of the Kia Sid model? By the way, the front suspension has also been improved. Let's set up a test. Having started moving, we focus on the sensations in anticipation of shaking when passing uneven surfaces. However, nothing of the sort happens. For now, we praise the manufacturer, mentally showering him with all sorts of awards. A sewer manhole cover appeared ahead. We aim the wheel at her. So, attack! Yes, the sensations are not the most pleasant, but bearable. We are convinced that the transformations have benefited the KIA Ceed car and the new chassis is significantly superior to the design that was present in the previous generation.

Let's sum it up

In general, behavior is confident, but I would like to wish Korean engineers continue to work on improving so that the rear suspension and front suspension are even better, and then KIA car Ceed will be able to confidently “conquer” domestic potholes.