In 2015, a decree on new categories of driver's licenses came into force. In practice, every car owner must be retrained in order for his rights to have legal force. Let's take a look at the most significant changes.
Description of driving license categories since 2015
An important point is the emergence of a new discipline - psychological tests. They are already included in the standard retraining program for motorists. When passing them, the accuracy of the eye, the reaction of the driver, his psychomotor skills will be measured.
In order to understand the current categories, we analyze each of them:
- M - mopeds. The certificate can be obtained from the age of 16;
- And motorcycles. The ability to drive this type of vehicle appears only from the age of 16.
- Subcategory A1 (maximum volume power unit 125 cm³, power about 15 hp). Rights are issued from the age of 16;
- IN - passenger cars. Their weight should not exceed 3.5 tons, the number of passengers should not exceed 8, the weight of the trailer should not exceed 750 kg. Obtaining rights is possible from the age of 18;
- Subcategory BE. Cars with a trailer weight exceeding 750 kg;
- WITH - trucks. Their weight is more than 3.5 tons. With a trailer weighing up to 750 kg;
- Subcategory CE. Trucks of category "C", but with a trailer over 750 kg;
- Subcategory C1. Trucks with a weight of 3.5 to 7.5 tons and a trailer not exceeding 750 kg;
- Subcategory C1E. It includes road trains, whose weight does not exceed 12 tons;
- D - buses. For them the number passenger seats must be more than 8;
- Subcategory DE. For articulated buses;
- Subcategory D Bus transport with 8 to 16 seats;
- Subcategory D1E. Buses in which the total number of passenger seats exceeds 8, the mass of the trailer may be more than 750 kg, but the total weight of the train must not exceed 12 tons;
- Tm - trams;
- Tb - trolleybuses.
Categories driving license- the type of transport that the owner of this document is allowed to manage. To date, there are six main and four additional categories. There are also special varieties that allow you to drive cars with a trailer.
Category B driver's license allows you to drive Cars. At the same time, not allowing to drive buses or fixed-route taxis. There is a separate category of rights for such modes of transport. The driver can only drive those types of which are listed in his license. In case of non-compliance with these requirements, he faces a fine of up to fifteen thousand rubles.
What is on the driver's license?
A new type of driver's license contains full information about their owner. The certificate is often used as a document that can confirm the identity of the driver. It contains the following information:
- Driver's initials.
- Place and date of birth.
- Validity period of the certificate.
- Date of entitlement.
- issued the certificate.
- Signature of the owner of the document.
- Rights number.
- Photo of the owner.
- List of categories.
- Additional information - medical indications, blood type and more.
On the driver's license, all information is indicated in Cyrillic. If letters of another alphabet are used, then the inscription is repeated in Latin letters.
What does a driver's license look like?
Information on the certificate is placed on both sides. Personal information about the driver is located on the front of the document. On the reverse - the categories of rights of the new sample are deciphered. Here, as a rule, those types are indicated for which the driver has control.
Front side
The name of the received document and the territory of the subject whose organization issued the document are noted in its upper part. On the left is a photo of the driver. He must be imprinted on it without headgear and glasses. The photo size is standard - 3x4. If the owner has vision problems, then he can take a picture with glasses, but with only one condition: their lenses must not be tinted. For people of certain religious beliefs, photographs in headdresses are allowed.
The driver, upon receipt of the certificate, signs under the photo. The autograph left must fully match the one in the passport. WITH right side rights indicate the initials of the driver and the date of his birth. All data written in Russian must be duplicated in Latin. Also on the right side there is information about who issued the document, its series and number, and the region of residence of the driver. Below is information about the assigned category.
back side
On the left side of the rights is a barcode containing all the data about the driver. On the rest of the surface is a table containing information about all categories. Those that are available to the driver are marked with a special mark. On the same side is the validity of these categories. Additional specific information is placed below the table. Often the driver's experience is indicated.
New categories
In November 2013, additions were made to the law "On Road Safety". According to the amendments, the list of categories of a driver's license has changed. It was supplemented with new subclasses. A breakdown of the categories of the driver's license is presented below.
Category A
Category A driver's license allows you to drive conventional motorcycles. As well as those models to which the stroller is screwed. In addition, it makes it possible to drive motorized carriages. This is a fairly rare means of transportation today. According to the SDA, two-wheeled vehicles are classified as motorcycles. They may or may not have a side trailer. Also, this category of rights allows you to drive four-wheeled and three-wheeled vehicles, the mass of which is not more than 400 kg in a loaded state.
Subcategory A1
Allows you to drive motorcycles equipped with engines of small volume and power. For drivers - owners of category A - riding on vehicles belonging to category A1 is available.
Category B
Passenger cars, jeeps, minibuses and small trucks are vehicles that are allowed to drive with a driver's license of this category. In addition, you can drive motorized carriages and cars with a trailer. In this case, the mass of the latter should not be more than 750 kg. If the weight of the unit exceeds this indicator, then additional requirements are imposed on the vehicle:
- The weight of the car without load should not be less than the weight of the trailer.
- 3.5 tons - maximum permissible weight hitch of car and trailer.
To drive a vehicle with a heavy wagon, a person must have a BE driver's license. Such units include category B vehicles with a trailer weighing more than the mass of the vehicle or 750 kg. As well as a car and a trailer, the total mass of which exceeds 500 kg.
Subcategory B1
Category B1 driving license allows you to drive quadricycles and tricycles. It is difficult to find detailed information about vehicles belonging to this class. It is worth noting that a quad bike and a quad bike are different vehicles. Therefore, it is forbidden to drive the first one, having only the rights to the second one.
Category C
Driving medium and heavy goods vehicles and trucks with trailers weighing no more than 750 kilograms is only allowed with a category C driver's license. At the same time, the weight of ordinary vehicles is from 3500 to 7500 kilograms. Heavy - more than 7500 kilograms. If you have category C, driving cars and small trucks weighing no more than 3500 kg is prohibited.
The driver is allowed to drive a truck with a trailer weighing more than 750 kilograms. But only if you have a driver's license subcategory CE. It includes vehicles with trailers weighing more than 750 kilograms.
Subcategory C1
Driving license category C1 allows you to drive a vehicle cargo type. His maximum weight varies from 3500 to 7500 kilograms. These cars can be attached to a light trailer that weighs no more than 750 kg. If the driver has class C, then he has the right to drive cars corresponding to subcategory C1.
Separately, it is worth mentioning such categories of a driver's license as C1E. Such rights give the driver the opportunity to drive category C1 vehicles equipped with trailers. At the same time, their maximum weight should not exceed 750 kilograms. Weight freight transport and its trailer should not be more than 12 thousand kg. If you have a senior category of a CE driver's license, a person can drive a vehicle belonging to the C1E category.
Category D
Driving buses, regardless of their weight, and buses with a trailer weighing no more than 750 kilograms is possible with a category D driver's license. If you plan to move on the second type of transport of a larger mass, then you need a DE category license. This category also includes buses articulated with each other.
Subcategory D1
Drive small passenger buses with a number of seats from 9 to 16 is possible with a category D1 driver's license. It also includes light trailers. Their Weight Limit does not exceed 750 kilograms. Buses with heavier trailers require category D1E.
It is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that the trailer should only be cargo, not passenger. Their total weight should not exceed 12 tons. Those drivers who are category D can drive buses belonging to the subcategory D1. And those who have the DE rank can drive class D1E cars.
Category E
To date, the categories of new driver's licenses do not include the E category. It has been replaced by the subclasses described above: BE, CE, DE, D1E, C1E. If the driver has category E rights, they can always be handed over. And in return, get a new certificate with an updated rank.
Category M
The driver's license was introduced relatively recently. It appeared in November 2013. According to this category, those drivers who have received a license can drive light ATVs and mopeds. At the same time, those drivers who have the rights of any other categories can drive such vehicles. However, for example, a tractor driver's driver's license does not give the right to drive mopeds.
Categories Tb and Tm
In 2016, new traffic rules, according to which the interpretation of the categories of the new driver's license Tb and Tm corresponds to the right to drive trams and trolleybuses. Formerly both types public transport not separated into separate classes. Information about the ability to manage such vehicles was entered in a special column of the driver's license. These were special marks.
Driver's license replacement
To obtain a new driver's license, the driver must contact the traffic police department, providing the employees with the following documents:
- Medical certificate.
- Citizen's passport Russian Federation.
- Old driver's license.
- Receipt confirming the payment of state duty. Last year the amount was 2000 rubles.
- Photos 3x4.
All information is transferred to the new rights. They also note which categories of driver's license were opened in the old document. Also, new bits are added to the fresh copy. If the driver has at least one category, class M is automatically opened for him. New rights can be picked up on the same day on which the documents were submitted. In addition, an application for a replacement certificate can be left on the website of public services. You do not need to retake the exam to get a new document.
What do you need to open a new category of driver's license?
In order to obtain a new or additional category of a driver's license, two procedures must be followed:
- corresponding to the selected category.
- Pass the exam.
B1 and M are issued only after passing theoretical test, which in many ways resembles passing to category B. And also after passing a practical exam, reaching the age of sixteen for categories A1 and M and eighteen for A. The rights to cars and trucks are issued only after the driver has reached the age of majority.
Education for the rights of categories B1 and C1 is carried out only for those who are over 18 years old. It is much more difficult to obtain a certificate for buses, trams and trolleybuses. It is issued only upon reaching the age of 21. Driving categories BE, CE and DE require at least one year of driving experience. Subcategories C1E and D1E are issued only if the driver has open previous digits - C, D, C1, D1.
Despite the fact that new series of driver's licenses were added to the SDA, the procedure for obtaining them remained practically unchanged, undergoing only minor innovations. The main differences were age and experience. For example, new driver's licenses may indicate the type of car transmission. If there is no such mark on the rights, then the driver can be controlled both mechanically and with automatic transmission. Also, what the categories in the driver's license mean has not changed: all the information has remained the same.
Any citizen of the Russian Federation who meets the requirements can pass the exam for any of the above categories. Passage of theoretical and practical courses is carried out on the basis of driving schools. Many traffic police departments require drivers to have a certificate of graduation from such an educational institution. The absence of such a document does not allow a potential driver to pass the exam for a driver's license.
Many drivers who apply to the traffic police with an application to replace the old plastic with a new type of driver's license, which came into effect in 2017, drew attention to a number external changes in new rights. Changes in the current rules governing the form of the Russian driver's license were caused by the desire to bring the national driving license in line with the requirements of the Vienna Convention "On road traffic» November 8, 1968
Now, according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1097 “On admission to management vehicles”(together with the “Rules for conducting examinations for the right to drive vehicles and issuing driver's licenses”) dated 10/24/2014, the new driver's license contains subcategories of vehicles that were not previously used, or rather merged with larger categories.
Driver's license of a new sample - changes and differences
Given the fact that the new Russian driver's license began to look different, many drivers have a question about changing the document. But do not worry - you do not need to change the old rights to the new ones. The rules state that lost documents (theft, loss) or those that have lost their legal force are subject to replacement with new documents. As before, the new driver's license will be valid for ten years. If the car owner can confirm the fact that he studied at a driving school and passed all stages of the exams, then when issuing new rights, you will not need to take additional exams.
Categories and subcategories in the new driver's license
If you are driving a moped, then you should get a new type of driver's license, where there will be a corresponding mark - new types of categories and subcategories of vehicles are announced in the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 6 of 01/09/2014. The law establishes that the moped belongs to the vehicle category "M". If you turn the driver's license over, then the grid contains the following new categories: Tb - trolleybuses, and Tm - trams.
Photo: Maxim Blinov / RIA Novosti www.ria.ru - A - motorcycles;
- A1 - light motorcycles with engine displacement from 50 to 125 cc. mass media maximum power up to 11 kW;
- B - cars, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3.5 tons and the number of seats, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight;
- B1 - tricycles and quads, in column 12, in this case, the mark "AS" is additionally put (with car system control) - if the category "A" and "MS" (with a motorcycle control system) are not open - if the category "B" is not open;
- BE - vehicles of category B with a trailer with a maximum authorized mass exceeding 750 kilograms;
- C - cars with a maximum authorized mass of more than 3.5 tons, including those with a trailer up to 750 kg;
- C1 - includes cars with a maximum permitted weight of 3.5 to 7.5 tons;
- CE - motor vehicles of category C with a trailer with a maximum authorized mass exceeding 750 kilograms;
- C1E - cars of the CE category, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 3.5 tons but does not exceed 7.5 tons;
- D - cars designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats, in addition to the driver's seat, including those with a trailer up to 750 kg;
- D1 - cars equipped with 9-16 seats except for the driver;
- DE - a motor vehicle of category D coupled to a trailer whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed 3.5 tons;
- D1E - cars of category DE, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 3.5 tons but does not exceed 7.5 tons;
- M - mopeds, scooters, as well as light quadricycles with an engine capacity of up to 50 cubic meters. cm;
- Tm - trams;
- Tb - trolleybuses.
Additional marks in the driver's license of the new sample
The driver's license of the new type (on the back of the license, at the very bottom) now contains the mark "AT", which means that the driver has the right to drive only the vehicle in which there is an automatic transmission. And if he decided to get behind the wheel of a car with a manual gearbox, then he needs to take additional exams at the traffic police. In connection with the introduced changes, the procedure for training drivers in driving schools has become different. If earlier the driver had to know in theory and in practice how the speeds of a mechanical box are switched, now this is no longer necessary.
Today, many car owners buy their cars exclusively with automatic transmission gears, therefore, training is provided for them on cars with a machine gun, which will be indicated in the driver’s license of the new sample by the corresponding mark “AT”. The “AT” mark also applies to restrictions for the driver, and the one who has this category in the rights does not have the right to drive a car with manual mechanical box gears.
Another limitation is a specially designed vehicle designed for drivers with physical disabilities, as a result of which they are not able to drive a normal car.
For example, if the driver has a disability (missing one or both legs), then he may be required to drive a car that is equipped with a full manual control car without pedals.
Although the corresponding changes have already been made at the legislative level, their implementation in practice is taking place gradually. This is due to the fact that in order to specify the scheme for training drivers in the framework of driving vehicles of new categories, the adoption of clarifying and explanatory documents is required. Driving schools will have to be modernized to meet the new legal requirements.
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From April 1, 2014, a new type of license began to be issued in connection with the emergence of new categories and subcategories of driving licenses. Most categories require separate training for them. Subcategories automatically open when the corresponding category is open. And category M vehicles can be driven by drivers with rights of any category.
Classification and description of driving license categories in 2015
| Category and subcategory | Type of vehicle and its description |
|---|---|
| A | Motorcycles |
| A1 | Light motorcycles with engine power from 50 to 125 cc and maximum power up to 11kW |
| IN | Vehicles with a maximum authorized weight of up to 3.5 tons and no more than 8 passenger seats (in addition to the driver's seat) |
| IN 1 | Tricycles and quadricycles |
| BE | Vehicles of category "B" with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg |
| WITH | Vehicles with a maximum authorized mass of more than 3.5 tons (except for vehicles of category "D"), including those with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| C1 | Cars with a maximum permitted weight of 3.5 to 7.5 tons (except for cars of category "D"), including cars of subcategory "C1" with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| CE | Vehicles of category "C" with a trailer weighing from 750 kg to 3.5 tons |
| C1E | Cars of subcategory "C1" with a trailer, the mass of which is more than 750 kg, but does not exceed the mass of the car without load, with a total mass of such a composition of not more than 12 tons |
| D | Vehicles for the carriage of passengers, with more than 8 passenger seats (in addition to the driver's seat), including those with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| D1 | Cars with 8-16 passenger seats (in addition to the driver's seat), including cars of subcategory "D1" with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| DE | Vehicles of category "D" with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg up to 3.5 tons, as well as articulated buses |
| D1E | Cars of the subcategory "D1" with a trailer whose mass is more than 750 kg, but does not exceed the mass of the car without load, with a total mass of such a composition of not more than 12 tons |
| M | Mopeds, scooters and quadricycles up to 50 cc |
| Tm | Trams |
| Tb | Trolleybuses |
The driver's license of the new sample of 2015 must contain the following information:
- Name, date and place of birth of the owner of the rights
- Date of issue of the certificate (4a) and its validity period (4b), as well as the code of the traffic police unit that issued the certificate (4c)
- Series and number of the driver's license
- Place of registration of the holder of the certificate
- All open rights categories
- A color photograph of the holder of the certificate (full face, without a headdress, on a gray background) and his personal signature in special black ink
- On the reverse side there is a table with 16 new categories and subcategories of rights, more detailed information for each open categories(date of obtaining rights to manage this category, validity period, restrictions),
- barcode and special marks (for example, blood type, driving a vehicle with glasses only, etc.)
When do you need to change the old rights to the new ones?
There is no urgent need to change the old rights to new ones urgently. All previously issued driver's licenses are valid until the expiration of the period specified in them (rights are issued to citizens of the Russian Federation for 10 years). But if desired, the driver can get a new license earlier than the specified period.
Documents for replacing a driver's license
To replace the certificate, you must provide the traffic police with the originals of the following documents:
- passport or other identity document
- medical certificate form 083 / U-89 and its photocopy
- old driving license
- driver's card on completion of training (but most often not required)
They also take a photo and give a receipt for payment of the state duty. From January 1, 2015, the state duty is 2,000 rubles. The new rights extend their effect to the same categories that were originally opened, as well as to new subcategories. Category "M" opens automatically if you have rights of any category.
In addition, new rights may contain the “AT” mark, which allows driving a car with automatic transmission, but prohibits driving “mechanics”. If there is no such mark, then control of both "mechanics" and "automatic" is allowed.
You get your rights on the same day. To save time, the procedure for replacing rights can be completed by registered users on the public services website.
When replacing a driver's license, no exams are passed!
There are 5 main categories: A - motorcycles, B - cars, C - trucks, D - buses, M - mopeds, 4 subcategories: A1, B1, C1, D1, and special categories for driving vehicles with a trailer BE, CE, DE, C1E, D1E.
Category A
This type of driver's license allows you to drive a motorcycle with or without a side trailer. The total curb weight of the vehicle must not exceed 400 kg. In this case, the motorcycle can be two-wheeled, three-wheeled or four-wheeled.
Category B
Motor vehicles (with the exception of vehicles of category "A"), the maximum authorized mass of which does not exceed 3,500 kilograms and the number of seats in which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight; motor vehicles of category "B" coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 750 kilograms; motor vehicles of category "B" coupled to a trailer whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, provided that the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 3,500 kilograms.
Category B driver's license allows you to drive cars, as well as small trucks, minibuses and jeeps that meet the above requirements. Also, category B allows you to drive motorized strollers and cars with a trailer (the maximum permitted weight of which is not more than 750 kg).
If the permitted maximum weight of the trailer exceeds 750 kilograms, then additional requirements are imposed on the composition of vehicles:
1. The permitted maximum weight of the trailer must not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle.
2. The total permitted maximum weight of the vehicle and trailer must not exceed 3.5 tons.
Category "BE"
Vehicles of category "B" coupled to a trailer whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kilograms and exceeds the unladen mass of the vehicle; motor vehicles of category "B" coupled to a trailer whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kilograms, provided that the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination of vehicles exceeds 3,500 kilograms.
Category C
Motor vehicles, with the exception of motor vehicles of category "D", whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 3,500 kilograms; motor vehicles of category "C" coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 750 kilograms.
Subcategory "C1"
Motor vehicles, with the exception of motor vehicles of category "D", the maximum authorized mass of which exceeds 3,500 kilograms but does not exceed 7,500 kilograms; motor vehicles of subcategory "C1" coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 750 kilograms.
Drivers with the main category C can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1.
Subcategory "C1E"
Vehicles of subcategory "C1" coupled to a trailer whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, provided that the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms.
Drivers with a senior CE category can also drive category C1E vehicles.
Category "D"
Motor vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; motor vehicles of category "D" coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 750 kilograms.
Driving license category D allows you to drive buses various sizes, regardless of their maximum authorized mass, as well as buses with a trailer whose maximum authorized mass does not exceed 750 kg. Heavier trailers also require a DE category driver's license.
Subcategory "D1"
Motor vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight but not more than sixteen seats in addition to the driver's seat; vehicles of subcategory "D1" coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 750 kilograms.
Subcategory "D1E"
Motor vehicles of subcategory "D1" coupled to a trailer, which is not intended for the carriage of passengers, and whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, provided that the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms .
Please note that the trailer, firstly, should not be designed to carry passengers, and secondly, the total permitted maximum weight of the bus and trailer should not exceed 12 tons.
I note that drivers with category D can drive category D1 buses, and drivers with category DE can drive buses with a trailer category D1E.
Category "M"
The new category M, introduced on November 5, 2013, allows you to drive mopeds and light quadricycles.
Category M vehicles can also be driven by drivers who do not have category M, but have any other category of driving license.
note that the tractor driver's driver's license does not allow driving mopeds.
Category "Tm" - trams; category "Tb" - trolleybuses;
As of 2015, special categories of driving license are required to drive trams and trolleybuses. Previously, trolleybuses and trams were not allocated to separate categories of rights.
