An integral part of any car - body... It is based on a supporting frame (chassis) and is designed to accommodate cargo or passengers, depending on the purpose of the vehicle (TC).

Trucks consisting of a body and a driver's cab arranged on a common frame are usually called " trucks ". The one-piece construction of the vehicle has significant shortcomings in terms of maneuverability, which imposes restrictions on dimensions and carrying capacity. To overcome this feature, it was decided to separate the body into an independent vehicle with its own frame, suspension, electrics, etc. This is how trailers and semi-trailers appeared, driven by the "head" auto - tractor, which together form the category " road train ».

Road train(AP) - motor vehicle consisting of at least 2 interconnected vehicles. There are two types of road trains: saddle(tractor + semi-trailer) and trailed(van + trailer).

Body structures

The bodies of cargo vehicles can be roughly divided into three main categories: open, closed and special.

Open transportation of non-demanding weather conditions cargo
onboard	platform	low bed
Has sides of a certain height to prevent displacement and dumping of cargo. Ideal for bulk, bulk and prefabricated materials that are not critical to climatic conditions.	Allows placement on its surface shipping containers, equipment and other large-sized whole cargo. Can serve as a versatile installation base of various types bodies.	Much like the platform, but due to the use of small radius wheels and low profile rubber has a low base height. Suitable for placing bulky items and equipment.

Closed delivery of most cargo, sensitive to weather conditions
awning	manufactured goods	isothermal	refrigerator
Equipped with a frame on which the awning is stretched - a canvas made of various materials (tarpaulin, PVC fabric). The ability to quickly remove the awning and disassemble the frame allows you to load the truck in a variety of ways.	A rigid, usually non-separable body, is able to protect goods from many external influences (climate, theft). Restrictions on loading methods - rear or side gates. It is often used as a base for isotherms and refrigerators.	The lining of the walls with heat-insulating materials allows for a long time to keep the climatic environment inside the body unchanged.	Equipped with a refrigeration unit that allows you to maintain a certain temperature along the entire route. It is used for the transportation of food products and goods that are critical to temperature differences.

Semitrailer train

Semitrailer tractors- certain categories of machines, without which the existence of the majority of modern mass cargo transportation is unthinkable. They are equipped with a special fifth wheel coupling - the main element for hitching up a semitrailer. Their classification is very extensive, however, we will consider two options that are fundamentally different in design.

Among the designs of covered semi-trailers, the following types stand out:

Type of	Length, m	Width, m	Height, m	Volume, cbm	Description
EURO ("Euro")	13.6	2.45	2.45	82	A standard closed (usually curtainsider) semi-trailer with a flat floor.
JUMBO ("Jumbo")	13.8	2.45	small: 2.45 large: 3.0	96	Due to the L-shaped base of the floor and the reduced radius of the wheels, the usable volume inside the body increases. A similar Russian-language name is "Yumba".
MEGA ("Mega")	13.6	2.45	3.0	100	Increased headroom is achieved by using smaller wheel radius. This imposes a limitation on the types of tractors used: Megis are only compatible with tractors on a low frame.

Trailed road train

Car composition, composed of a van and a trailer attached to it, has increased capacity, which is indispensable when transporting goods with low density. In addition, the length of the base of such a train is greater than the length of the base of a standard truck, which in itself raises the carrying capacity by a couple of tons.

Type of	Length, m	Width, m	Height, m	Volume, cbm	Description
Road train 110 cubic meters.	7.1 + 8.0	2.45	van: 2.95 trailer: 3.0	110	It consists of two separate elements: a van body and a trailer, connected by a coupling device.
Road train 120 cubic meters.	8.0 + 8.0	2.45	van: 2.95 trailer: 3.0	120	-

Currently, many vehicle manufacturers make minor changes in the design of their vehicles, as a result of which the dimensions given in the tables and other characteristics (for example, carrying capacity) may slightly vary from the standard ones.

Limitations on the overall dimensions of vehicles in Russia

Currently, the following restrictions on the dimensions of cargo vehicles are in effect on the territory of the Russian Federation:

Until recently in Russia maximum length any road train was limited to 20 meters. However, with the signing by the government of a new technical regulations « On the safety of wheeled Vehicle "Dated September 10, 2009 in the requirements for design features Some changes have been made to the TS. Thus, the maximum length of a road train consisting of a tractor and a semi-trailer was cut to 16.5 m, and an articulated van with a trailer - to 18.75 m. In case of exceeding the established dimensions, it will be necessary to issue a permit for the transportation of oversized cargo.

These innovations affected the owners of the "American" type of tractors, the length of which significantly exceeds the length of their "European" counterparts due to the prominent forward hood. Their use in conjunction with standard semitrailers fell under the ban - the length of the "American" truck now exceeds the established norms. New law touched upon some modifications of domestic KAMAZ and Belarusian MAZs the dimensions of which did not fit into the new standards. This caused a number of resentments from trade unions and drivers' associations.

"Eurotent" is a conventional concept denoting a truck with a semitrailer with overall dimensions close to the specified characteristics. In the eurotruck, as the euro tent is also called, 2 euro pallets with a length of 120 cm each are placed across the width.

Yumba (Jumbo)

Mega

10-Ton Tilt

10-Ton Thermal

Approximate specifications cargo compartment a car with a carrying capacity of 10-15 tons

The significant variation in parameters is due to the large number of options for cargo compartments.

A distinctive feature of the cargo compartment of the thermovan type is the ability to maintain for a long time (10-20 hours) the temperature at which the loading was carried out, subject to the external temperature from -10C to + 20C. In addition, on some models, there is the possibility of heating the cargo compartment, which allows for a longer time and at lower external temperatures to maintain the internal temperature.

10 Ton with 20 Feet Container

Overall dimensions of a 20-foot container

In terms of consumer qualities, a car with an installed 20-foot sea container is close to 10 ton car with tilt or insulated body.

20 Ton with 40 Feet Container

Overall dimensions of a 40-foot container

In terms of consumer qualities, a car with an installed 40-foot sea container is close to a 20-ton car with a curtain-sided or insulated Euro tent body.

20-Ton with Isothermal Semi Trailer

Overall dimensions of an isothermal semitrailer with a volume of 82 m 3

20-Ton Refrigerator

Overall dimensions of a refrigerated semi-trailer with a volume of 82 m 3

The refrigerated semi-trailer is cargo semi-trailer the temperature in which can change from minus (-7-12C) to plus (0-10C) regardless of the outside temperature.

GAZELLE

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of vehicles of the "Gazelle" class

ZIL-Bychok

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of vehicles of the class "ZIL-Bychok"

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of vehicles of the class "ZIL"

ZIL-Van

ZIL-Bort

MAZ-Zubrenok

TONNAGE

TONNAGE

(Tonnage) - for warships, the word T. means the displacement of a ship, expressed in tons. For a merchant ship, the displacement is not indicative, since for operational purposes it is important to know the suitability of the ship for the carriage of goods, that is, its carrying capacity and cargo capacity. Thus, the following types of T should be distinguished: 1. Displacement, or the weight of the vessel in tonnes. 2. Carrying capacity-deadweight, or full load capacity ships in tons. 3. Useful lifting capacity, or clean- weight in tons of cargo that can be transported in the cargo spaces of the vessel. 4. Cargo capacity vessel - the volume in cubic meters or cub-feet of the holds of the vessel, adapted for the carriage of goods. 5. Registered gross, or full, capacity vessels - gross-gross-tonnage, gross-registered tonnage, expressed in registered tons. Usually this T. is called register T. 6. Register net tonnage vessels - net tonnage, net register tonnage.

For practical purposes, one can be guided by the following approximate relationships between various elements that determine certain types of T.:

V net = 2/3 V gross = 4/9 Pg = 8 / 27D, where: V net - net register tonnage, or net tonnage; V gross - gross, or full, registered tonnage, or gross tonnage (Gross register tonnage - GRT); Pg- carrying capacity-deadweight (Deadweight); D- displacement in full load (Displacement).

Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. - M.-L .: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

Tonnage

quantitative characteristics of the vessel corresponding to its weight displacement. The term "tonnage" is sometimes used as a characteristic of the entire transport fleet of one or more countries, which gives an idea of ​​the transport capabilities of a country. During the period of the armored fleet, the term "tonnage" was used as a quantitative characteristic of the military fleet.

EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010

Synonyms:

See what "TONNAGE" is in other dictionaries:

TONNAGE, tonnage, pl. no, husband. (French tonnage). 1. Weight or volume of the vessel in tons, displacement (sea). Gross tonnage (displacement of a vessel at full load in metric tons). Net tonnage (Maximum cargo weight for a given vessel in ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Displacement, carrying capacity, capacity, volume Dictionary of Russian synonyms. tonnage n., number of synonyms: 6 gross tonnage (1) ... Synonym dictionary

Tonnage is a measure of the dimensions or carrying capacity of a ship. This term comes from the tax levied on tons (barrels) of wine, and was later expanded to refer to the weight of the ship's cargo, but in the modern sense the word "tonnage" ... ... Wikipedia

tonnage- a, m. tonnage m. 1. Displacement of a vessel or carrying capacity of a vessel, car, etc., expressed in tons. BAS 1. Russia stopped the planned construction of armored cruisers and proceeded to the construction of armored cruisers of the Aurora and Bogatyr types ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

A. Tonnage. B. Carrying capacity of transport. Dictionary of business terms. Academic.ru. 2001 ... Business glossary

- (eng. tonnage) registered tonnage, carrying capacity of a vehicle, expressed in tons. Raizberg BA, Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva EB .. Modern economic dictionary. 2nd ed., Rev. M .: INFRA M. 479 p. 1999 ... Economic Dictionary

KamAZ dump trucks are different in terms of carrying capacity, body volume in cubic meters. So, for example, KAMAZ-6520, its carrying capacity is 20 tons, and the volume of the body is from 12 to 20 cubic meters (the sides are sometimes increased). KamAZ-65115, 15 tons, 10 cubes body. There are 12, 14 tonnages, there are even 25 ton dump trucks... For this reason, it is necessary at the beginning to decide which dump truck will transport the cargo (which of the KamAZ family).

How many cubes are in a KamAZ dump truck model 53111, 6520.

To find out the amount of m3 in Kamaz, a dump truck of manure, soil, sand, gravel, snow and other materials - we estimate the capacity of the standard 13-tonne 53111 and the 20-ton version 6520. Kamaz is the most common dump truck in Russia, and indeed in all CIS countries , it can be found at almost every construction site. Naturally, potential customers are interested in how much will fit into the body this truck bulk materials, firewood, construction waste and all kinds of bricks.

The standard volume of the KamAZ-55111 dump platform is 6.6 cubic meters. That is, if a load of a small mass, for example, sand, just fits into the body of about 6 cubic meters. But if we are talking about the transportation of firewood, bricks, then we must remember that the machine has a carrying capacity of only 13 tons. Accordingly, the old Kamaz, especially with a dead engine, simply will not be able to take out too large a load.

The dimensions of the KamAZ 5511 Dump Truck are presented in the table:

There is also KAMAZ-6520, which is newer, its sides have been increased to 20 cubic meters, and the carrying capacity is also 20 tons. So, the result of how many cubes in the dump truck can be seen in the table, different materials calculated by density and weight, the table will be presented below.

Weight parameters and loads of KamAZ 6520:

• The equipped weight of the car, kg - 12950
• Carrying capacity, kg - 14,400 (20,000 *)
• Gross vehicle weight, kg ………………………………………………… 27500 (33100 *)
• load on the rear bogie, kg - 20,000 (25600)

How many cubic meters in KAMAZ models 6540 and 65201.

Carrying capacity modern model"KamAZ - 6540" is 18,500 kg., The volume of the dump truck body is 11 cubic meters. meters, which is 1 100-about 10 liters. coal buckets with a total weight (1 100 x 18) 19 800 kg.
And "KamAZ - 65201" is able to take loads up to 25,500 kg., The volume of the dump truck body is 16 cubic meters. meters, which is 1 600 t 10 liters. coal buckets with a total weight (1 600 x 18) 28 800 kg.

The number of m3 in KAMAZ is a table.

Material	Kamaz-53111, m 3	Kamaz-6520, cubic meters
Concrete blocks and concrete debris	5,5	8
Unconsolidated and compacted manure	6.6 (up to 7 if with a slide)	20
Bricks	6,5	10
Small crushed stone 0-40 mm	6,6	13
Coarse gravel 40-70 mm	6,6	12,5
The sand is dry	6,6	12,7
Wet sand	6,2	9,52
The soil is dry	6,6	14
Fresh chernozem	5,9	9,1
Expanded clay	6,6	20
Firewood	6,6	20
Asphalt crumb	6,6	10,5

As you can see from the table, new dump truck KAMAZ-6520 can take more cubic meters of light cargo, for example, the same brick, but it cannot carry more than 10 cubic meters of concrete or black soil, despite the size of its body. Therefore, when ordering such a dump truck, you need to be prepared for the fact that the driver will refuse to load the car completely. Otherwise, he may just get into an accident, break his truck, get a fine, and given, not very high quality"Tartars", the dump truck may simply burst the frame. But the old Kamaz-53111 can almost always be loaded to the very top, without worrying that the car will be overloaded.

How many cubes are included in KAMAZ of different materials.

To calculate how many cubes of soil, sand, gravel, expanded clay or other material in Kamaz, you need to know the cubic capacity of the body. You will also need it to calculate the cost of transporting any material. An important parameter when calculating the cubic capacity of sand is its moisture and density. Depending on these indicators, cubic meters will be calculated.

Hello everyone! I am in touch again and today I will tell you how to determine the carrying capacity of a car according to the TCP.

For some, this question may seem insignificant, but this is only for those who have not yet encountered serious problems that may arise from the data on the weight of the car printed in the vehicle passport (vehicle passport).

After all, the lion's share of car owners uses it not just as a means for personal travel, and more fully - for the transportation of various goods, including dense filling of cars with passengers.

But in the automotive legislation, even for cars and vehicles close to them (TS), many restrictions are spelled out in this regard. And violation of such rules is punishable by very substantial fines. And what to do if you are sure that the data on the carrying capacity in your vehicle does not correspond to reality, and the traffic police service punishes you in vain?

You will find the answer to this and other similar questions in this publication.

The importance of the lifting capacity parameter

To further understand everything for everyone, I will give basic information related to our question. In general, these data are for the most part included in the compulsory theoretical training program before obtaining rights ( driving license- WU). But this section is vaguely remembered by most drivers (if it was studied at all in fact, and not by tick) and because of this they are often confused in the terminology related to carrying capacity.

A full seating position is not considered

On the other hand, this carrying capacity itself, as such, in the case of light vehicles, is far from being of interest to car owners in the first place. Most of all questions are raised by its price, "gluttony", speed qualities, etc. indicators.

But it is precisely weight characteristics that is what defines most of the popular basic qualities of a car. This has long been used by automakers as one of the fundamental principles in the evolution of branded models, and they, by now, have very much "emaciated".

By the way, this was not always the case: at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century. heavy light vehicles was in favor. As an example, I can cite the famous Cadillac Eldorado, which reached a weight of almost three tons: shock :, in its 1970 V8.2 modification.

Step two: determining the curb and maximum weight of the car

After you have decided on the class of the car, look at the data in the points before the column indicating the manufacturer - usually these points go after numbers 14 and 15.

They indicate:

• Column No. 14 - "permissible maximum weight, kg";
• Column No. 15 - "unloaded weight, kg".

This will be your initial data for determining the carrying capacity.

Step three: determining the vehicle's carrying capacity

First of all, you should know that for all vehicles there are two types of their carrying capacity. Yes, a couple more terms, where can we go without it.

These terms are as follows:

• Estimated lifting capacity;
• Rated lifting capacity.

We need exactly the calculated carrying capacity. At par, I'll say a few words below. If there are no inaccuracies and inconsistencies with the data in the TCP for the car, then it is very simple to obtain the estimated carrying capacity:

• From allowed maximum mass the unloaded mass is subtracted, and the resulting value will be the calculated load capacity.

But in fact, rarely any of the motorists does not violate these recommendations, and drivers often boast that they transported, they say, such and such loads, so much in excess, and at least henna for the car.

What can I say here?

Both manufacturers and motorists are right. And the point here is just the same rated load capacity already mentioned. It is rather difficult to determine it precisely, but it is not required: it is enough to know that for passenger cars it directly depends on the quality road surface- the smoother the asphalt and the road itself, the more cargo can be transported without problems, take this into account. For some models passenger cars, for example, such an excess indicator can reach 14 tons payload (!).

I warn you right away: this does not apply to VAZs! Otherwise, to celebrate, you will load your “iron conic” with potatoes so that it will “hurt” for a long time and dearly.

And what if you, for example, which according to all calculations is a passenger car, but at the customs office in the PTS, mistakenly recorded it as a cargo one, and you do not want to?

If you are confident that you are right, then you need to contact the traffic police so that they send the car for a technical examination to determine the equipped carrying capacity. In the laboratory, on a special dynamic stand, using high-precision strain gauges, they will measure axial loads in motion (at a speed of up to 5 km / h) and calculate the true curb weight.

If it differs from the one prescribed in the PTS in the direction you need, then with the conclusion of laboratory research, go back to the traffic police, where you with the specified carrying capacity and class.

This may come in handy not only for fairer calculus transport tax, but also for the trouble-free transportation of larger cargo without risking a fine in other cases, when a guarded carrying capacity limit is set for travel somewhere (or for something).

• Not all regional motorists know that the free entry of vehicles with a carrying capacity exceeding one ton is prohibited in the central part of Moscow (within the Third Ring Road). The matter is further complicated by the fact that automatic video recording of violations is connected here, which makes mistakes much more often than customs officers in relation to pickups and minivans.
• Keep in mind that authorities sometimes determine the number of full seating positions based on the number of seat belts.
• You should be aware that even a calculated load can cause suspension breakdowns or accidents. Always try to distribute luggage as evenly as possible around the car (even at the cost of some inconvenience), storing the heaviest items on the bottom and the lightest on the top.

Conclusion

I hope that you now understand the main features of entering and determining the carrying capacity in the TCP. The main crucial points here are the control of customs officers with their calculations when importing a car and attentiveness to.

Well, if you still overlooked, then the matter can be corrected through examination and replacement of TCP to a document with more correct data.

If any of you have had any experience or problems with lifting capacity light transport, then "don't spare the ink" - describe everything in the comments. It will be interesting for me and for the readers.

Hannah, a 100% American girl, dared to try Russian food. And what do you think? Of all the pickles, she liked the salted watermelon the most (I would not say that this is the most delicious pickling), and least of all our sacred aspic (horrible blasphemy ;-)). She also appreciated one of our juice, very surprised at its existence in general as a product. However, see for yourself how Hannah, with obvious dedication, tries everything we eat almost every day:

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