Technical characteristics of tower crane KB 478. Diagrams and technical characteristics of tower cranes. Tower crane

Turret KB-403 - self-mounting mobile mechanism.

The full-turn crane has electric control and a rail run with a beam boom equipped with a load trolley.

How basic model, and its subsequent modifications (“A”, “B”) were produced on several Russian factories(Nyazepetrovsk, Podolsk, Karacharovsk, Moscow “PO Stroymash”, etc.)

Cranes began to be produced in Russia at the end of the 19th century, but production was sporadic.

After the Great Patriotic War USSR factories began to produce up to 4,000 tower cranes annually, but they were all of different types, which hampered the development of crane construction.

IN post-war years was launched first series cranes BCSM.

The construction was made of brick, so the devices were used mostly for reloading and supplying materials to the top.

In the second half of the 20th century, large-block, frame construction began to rapidly develop in the country, and in 1960 a series of KB — TO wounds B ashen. The series was designed for 8 models, not counting modifications.

Scope of application

Using KB-403 (alternative designation Kbk-160.2) All assembly And construction work became mechanized.

Also KB-403 use on cereals elevators And industrial enterprises, factories And power plants.

Lifting height of heavy weights up to 8 tons = 57.5 m. The crane performs all vertical and horizontal movements on the work site building structures and materials to the right place.

Transportation

Installation - using a truck crane (one or two).

KB-403 is moved from one working site to another in assembled form.

For transportation on roads, approval from the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate is required.

Differences KB-403

KB-403 — the first digit after the letter abbreviation of the model name is the number of the size group (4) for the load moment, the next 2 digits (03) - from 01 to 69 - indicate the rotary type of tower.

A special feature of the technical characteristics of cranes of the KB-403 type is the beam boom of the cargo trolley and the trolley winch.

The boom is a triangular truss, in which the upper chord and braces are welded from pipes, and the lower riding chords are made from angles.

The boom is sectional, the maximum reach varies from 20 to 30 m.

Device KB-403

Tower— lattice rotating, has an adjustable height. It consists of retractable sections, the head section is collapsible.
The KB-403 turret is grown from below.
Arrow— lattice single-hung beam sectional, is a triangular truss along which the trolley moves.
Freight cart secured with hinges and cables, designed for transporting materials and parts.
Rotary platform is a flat device on which the portal is mounted. At the top front are the support hinge eyes. On the side there are cabinets with controllers and starters. At the rear, rods are welded to the transverse beam, onto which the boom pulley is attached. Ballast slabs weighing 30 tons are laid on the transverse beams.

The main devices of the crane are located on the platform: the turning mechanism, winches (cargo and jib). On both sides, 2 counterweight blocks are secured with steel pins.

The support for the turntable is the running frame; they are connected using a support gear. The rotating mechanism on KB-403 is a roller circle (in 1 row), diameter = 2.5 m.

Portal mounted on a turntable, open at the top and bottom to allow passage of tower sections.
Ropeway system equipped with pulleys.
The mechanism can be controlled from the cabin and from the ground.

Tower crane KB 403 - technical characteristics

the lifting capacity depends on the height of the tower, the length of the boom and the wind load of the construction area. The KB-403 series is designed for wind loads of I-IV degrees;
temperature range ±40ºС;
boom radius (min/max) = 5.6/30m;
section base = 1.8 m, tower sections - up to 5 pieces;
the crane is equipped with a multi-motor electric drive alternating current;
maximum load moment = 120tm;
crane travel speed=18m/min;
full cart speed=30m/min;
boom radius at maximum lifting capacity = 16.5 m;
ascent/descent speed=30/45m/min.

Installation on site

Mounting begins with the assembly of crane rail tracks. Rails P43/P50 are used.

After installing the chassis, the tower is brought into a vertical position using a medium-duty crane for this work.

The assembly is completed by hanging the boom, extending the tower and setting up all the components.

Modifications: KB-403A, KB-403B - main differences

The KB-403B crane differs from the KB-403A:

increased boom before departure (in KB-403B = 30 m, in KB-403A = 25 m);
0.5 t greater total mass with counterweights (“A” = 80 t, “B” = 80.5 t).

Tower crane KB 403A - technical characteristics

KB-403A is different from basic models KB-403 increased lifting speed, large load moment (120 tm), increased speed trolley movement and an improved crane operator's cabin.

KB-403A - specifications :

lifting capacity = 8t ;
load moment = 120tm;
maximum boom length = 26.3m;
lifting height with boom raised = 52m (with horizontal boom = 42m);
load lowering depth = 3m;
total weight = 80t (counterweight = 30t);
the only beam crane that cannot move a trolley with a load along an inclined boom;
To increase the lifting speed, a U59 cargo winch of a frame design with 2 engines is used: the main and additional ones, which are located on one side of the gearbox.

Technical characteristics of KB-403B

KB-403B It has 4 option execution(each with its own technical characteristics).

The mechanism is intended for construction miscellaneous type buildings height before 17 floors.

KB-403 B — technical characteristics:

lifting capacity = 8t ;
4 versions with load moments from 120 to 132tm;
lifting height with raised boom = 54.7 m (with horizontal = 41 m);
load lowering depth = 5m;
maximum boom length = 30m;
total weight = 80.5t (counterweight = 30t).

Used in the construction of 16-story buildings for various purposes, the KB-408 tower crane has gained popularity due to its ease of operation and well-thought-out safety.

What device does this model of lifting equipment have? What are its main features and technical characteristics? How is the KB-408 tower crane controlled? How much does a new and used model of this equipment cost? We will consider these and other questions in the article.

Device

This model is included in the V category of cranes, its design coincides with similar models of this group.

The lift mechanism is arranged section by section using iron profiles welded in the form of a lattice. To change the reach: increase or decrease it, move the carriage.

The design of the KB-408 forklift consists of:

rotary single-row devices, platforms;
portal;
telescopic tower rotating 180 degrees;
operator cabins;
beam type booms with trolley cargo purposes, with its help lifting the load is possible in both directions: up and down;
running frame;
additional details.

Rotary: single row device, platform

The portal is installed on top of the platform, where there are also 2 types of winches:

rifle,
cargo

A counterweight in the form of 10 reinforced concrete blocks is mounted at the rear of the platform., thanks to them the rotating mechanism does not swing when moving.

Struts and racks are mounted in the truss elements.

The platform has a base and is attached to the chassis by means of a support rotating device.

Recently happened design changes in KB-408, with regard to the structure of the rotating device, it looks like a circle with a diameter of 2500 mm.

Additional parts - support hinge, working struts and other elements.

Portal

The portal is arranged in the shape of a tetrahedron. On both sides it is open for the movement of tower parts. It is supported by a truss element and telescopic struts. Created from 2 trihedrons. The fastening between them occurs using box-shaped beams.

It is through the portal that the process of increasing height and a stable position in the space of the tower is possible.

It has a roller mechanism located in two rows and four locking elements that can keep the tower from falling during installation of the crane.

Tower

The turret design is similar to that of the K-160. Represents:

head,
inventory, head sections,
spacers

Heading

The tower element is constructed like a metal lattice. Has racks, ladders, platforms.

At the very top of the head, a boom beam and a cargo rope are attached. There is a lightning removal device and an anemometer.

Head section

Blocks of two ropes are attached to it to move carts and loads. A signal light is installed at the top, and buffer stops for trolleys are installed at the bottom.

Control cabin

The device is held on special mounts at the top of the tower. It consists of a cabin for cranes operating at a height of no more than 20 meters. Compared with its predecessor, the K-160 has improved technical devices and heating panels.

Beam boom

The individual structural elements are welded and interlocked using flanged parts. The elements themselves are made of metal. They move the trolley moving the load. With the help of the latter, the arrow's reach is changed.

Running frame

The structure with dimensions of 7.5 x 7.5 meters (four-ring frame) contains rotating weather vanes on which the trolleys are supported. The switch is mounted on the running gear of the crane.

Weathervanes have two states:

transport;
working.

There are 4 trolleys for the crane. A couple of them use an electric drive, the rest do not.

Rails for KB-408 can be used in two types:

rounded;
straight.

The peculiarities of these mechanisms lie in the position of the main control trolleys. On a straight type of rail - everything is on one axis. On a rounded one - outside the center of the rounding.

Additional details

As additional parts, KB-408 has various elements: brace, hook part and mounting device and other fasteners:

Cargo winch It has a drum mechanism, brakes, a gearbox, and an engine. They stay on the platform. The latter is attached using four screws. The purpose of the winch is vertical movement cargo

Trolley winch, constituent elements the same. The two-speed motor ensures precise guidance of the load over the installation site.

Telescopic strut constructed from pipes of different diameters, nested one inside the other. They provide balance and support for the tower when installed on the platform.

Crane spacer in the form of a triangle, attached to the top of the tower. Helps to install the tower and deflect the brace cable away from the tower. The spacer contains 4 axle blocks, a guy rope, a rope part for moving loads, and a device for mounting a load sensor.

The crane is transported in a disassembled state; it is mounted on site using existing mounting devices.

The crane is moved using a rail mechanism. KB-408 have counterweights to the tower, located under the latter.

In order to increase maximum height lift up to 77 meters, the boom is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. The maximum boom reach in this case will be only 50 meters, the load capacity, however, in this case is only one and a half tons.

For maintenance of the KB-408 there is a platform that is fixed to the base of the boom.

Specifications

Load moment, max, t	1800
Load capacity, max reach, tons	6,3
Load capacity, max t	10
Load capacity, per boom section, t	3
Length (horizontal boom), max/min, m	32/4,5
Length (incline boom), max/min, m	26,6/4,2
Height (horizontal boom), max, m	54
Height (incline boom), max, m	72,7
Length (downward movement), m	5
Speed (lifting load), max height, m/min.	30
Speed (load down), m/min.	4,8
Trolley speed (with load), m/min.	30
V tap, m/min.	12,8
Rotation, m/min.	0,65
Base length, m	7,5
Track length, m	7,5
Curvature radius, min	12
Power, kWt	77,6
Cargo winch power with horizontal boom, kW	55
Power of cargo winch with inclined boom, kW	30
Rotator power, kW	7
Power of the device moving the crane along the rails, kW	11
Boom winch power, kW	15
Structural mass	54,8
Counterweight mass	40,4
total weight	95,2

How to manage

The beam design allows the load to be guided more smoothly to the installation site.

Tower crane controlled using special software and hardware located in the cockpit, in particular, command controllers and radio-controlled remote controls.

Switching between landing and ascent speeds occurs via a single switch.

This crane is distinguished by thirteen versions; only the boom radius values differ (20, 30, 35), respectively, the lifting capacity and the lifting and lowering values.

The beam boom is installed at an angle, for example, 43 degrees and 30 degrees.

The crane has:

self-diagnosis system of control mechanisms,
remote control via GPRS,
control using touch elements,
frequency control of motors.

A cabin air conditioning system is also available as an option.

Crane equipment additions:

Heating in the cabin. The crane can operate successfully both at +40℃ and -40℃. Since it is intended for zone IV. Accordingly, it has a well-heated operator's cabin.
Load sensor. The load lifting mechanism is equipped with a load control sensor, thanks to which the main components of the system are monitored.
Control of movement of cargo elements. Thanks to special device(frequency) movement of concrete slabs and other loads occurs smoothly and without interference.
Cabin temperature control. Thanks to modern electronic stuffing The cabin temperature is regulated.
Safety system in case of rope break (shock absorber, tie). Works and holds the boom when the rope breaks.

Cost of new and used equipment

In Russia, you can buy a new KB-408 crane for at least 7–10 million rubles. from the manufacturer Nyazepetrovsk Crane Manufacturing Plant. A beam boom 40-50 m long can also be supplied with the crane.

At the buyer's request, the selling company can equip the cabin modern system air conditioning, which undoubtedly plays in favor of this model of technology.

Equipment from 2005 can be found at a cost of 4.5 million rubles. Newer forklifts will cost more. It is also widely practiced to rent tower cranes from 800 rubles. at one o'clock.

Thus, the KB-408 model among its brothers is in the forefront in terms of technical equipment and load capacity. It differs comparatively inexpensive price on the market, has a lot positive feedback among contractors. If the choice is about high-quality lifting equipment, then it’s definitely worth taking a closer look at the KB-408 tower crane.

You can watch a video of the operation of the KB-408 tower lifting and cargo mechanism here:

TO category:

Construction of tower cranes

Schemes and technical characteristics of tower cranes

The KB-303 tower crane (KBK-100.1) is made on the basis of the components of the main model of this class - the KB-100.1 Crane. The crane is self-propelled, with a tubular rotating (unloaded) tower and a beam boom. It is equipped with 20 and 25 m long booms and works when they are installed in a horizontal or inclined position. In the latter case, the carriage can move when the boom is tilted up to 12°30’. If the inclination of the carriage is greater, then it is fixed motionless at the end of the boom, and the crane operates as with a regular shunting boom.

The ladder for lifting the crane operator into the cabin is placed inside the tower, and the cabin itself is attached to brackets in its upper part.

A winch for moving the cargo carriage is installed on the root part of the boom, which has a triangular cross-section, and the boom beam ropes and limit switches for limiting the boom reach and carriage travel are also attached there. The counterweight of the crane consists of ten reinforced concrete slabs laid at the bottom of the rotating part of the crane.

The crane uses standardized mechanisms: a jib winch L-450-Sh, a cargo winch L-3.2-I, a turning mechanism, four two-wheeled undercarriages and a cabin.

The crane is mounted and dismantled using its own mechanisms and truck cranes with a lifting capacity of at least 7 tons (AK-75, KS-3561, KS-3562). The crane can be transported between objects assembled on a trailer for vehicles like MAZ-210 on a dolly.

Rice. 1. Crane KB-303 (KBK -100.1):
B - drum of the winch for moving the cargo carriage

Rice. 2. Height characteristics of the KB-303 crane (KBK -100.1):
1 - for a boom 20 m long; 2 - the same, 25 m

The KB-306 (S-981) tower crane is designed for the construction of objects up to 50 m high. is (Fig. 3) a full-rotary self-propelled car, equipped with a multi-motor electric drive powered by an AC mains voltage of 220/380 V. The load moment limiter of the crane allows you to receive two cargo characteristics(Fig. 4). The transition from one to the other is made by changing the reeving ratio of the cargo pulley.

Rice. 3. Crane KB-306 (S-981)

Rice. 4. Load-height characteristics of the KB-303 crane:
1 - load capacity with double reeving of the cargo pulley; 2 - the same, with a four-fold reeving of the cargo pulley (a load weighing more than 5 tons is lifted only with this reeving); 3 - lifting height of the hook during main assembly; 4 - the same; during assembly I (two sections and a 25 m boom); 5 - the same, when assembling II (three sections and a 20 m boom); 5 - the same, during assembly-III (two sections and a 20 m boom); 7 - the same, when assembling IV (three sections and a 15 m boom); 8 - the same, when assembling V (two sections and 15 m boom)

Table 1
Technical characteristics of the KB-303 tower crane

The crane design allows for five additional assemblies, differing in tower height and boom length.

The crane consists of a running frame, a rotating platform, a tower, a boom, a hook suspension, pulleys, a counterweight and ballast, a boom support, standardized mechanisms, safety devices and electrical equipment. The boom and tower of a rectangular lattice structure are welded from corners. The sections are joined with hinged bolts. The counterweight and central ballast consist of reinforced concrete slabs manufactured by the customer according to the drawings supplied with the crane. Unified mechanisms and components include a boom winch type L-450-111, a cargo winch type L-500-1, a mechanism turn Z-P-P, a ball turntable, four two-wheeled undercarriages (including two driving ones) and a driver's cabin.

Rice. 6. Load characteristics of the S-981B crane:
a - with a horizontal boom; b - with a shunting boom and a fixed load carriage; 1 - with double reeving of the cargo rope; 2 - the same, quadruple

Install limiters on the crane: load moment type OGP-1, hook lifting height, rotation and movement of the crane, extreme positions of the boom, as well as a reach indicator, an anemometer type M-95 and an air terminal.

The crane is transported by railway or on a dolly on a trailer attached to a KrAZ-221 tractor.

The S-981B tower rail crane (Fig. 5; 6; Table 3) is a modification of the KB-306 crane, in contrast to which it has a beam boom with a load carriage. The load moment limiter allows you to obtain two load characteristics. Their switching is carried out by changing the reeving ratio of the cargo pulley. The crane's lifting capacity can be changed by attaching the carriage and working as with a shunting boom. The arrow is made of angles and has a triangular cross-section. A cargo carriage moves along its lower belts.

Table 2.
Technical characteristics of the tower crane KB-306 (S-981)

The KB-401 (KB-1602) rail-mounted tower crane is designed for mechanization of construction of objects up to 60 m high and is a full-rotating self-propelled model (Fig. 7; 8; Table 4), equipped with a shunting boom without a carriage. The cargo rope reeving system is designed in such a way that the trajectory of the hook of this crane remains close to horizontal when the reach changes. The crane tower is grown from below in separate sections as the structure is erected. The tower and boom of the crane are lattice, rectangular in cross-section, made of hot-rolled and cold-drawn pipes.

The unified mechanisms and components include the L-500 type jib winch and cargo type L-600, crane slewing mechanism, slewing ring No. 7, four two-wheeled undercarriages and driver's cabin.

In the northern version, all cable products and rubber products are used. The driver's cabin is thermally insulated and has heaters installed. The technical characteristics of the crane in the HL version do not differ from the characteristics of the main modification, with the exception of the maximum lifting height of the crane (40.5 - 55 m).

Cranes of the same power, but having a more convenient beam boom with a load carriage, include the tower self-propelled, full-rotating rail crane KB-403 (KBk-160.2), shown in Fig. 9; 10 and table. 5. The crane has different load characteristics. Different load characteristics depend on the number of intermediate sections of the tower, the length of the boom and the angle of inclination of the boom to the horizon when working with a fixed load carriage. The crane tower is lattice, rectangular in cross-section.

Rice. 7. Crane KB-401 (KB-160.2)

Rice. 8. Height characteristics of the KB-401 crane with different numbers of intermediate tower sections and the height from the rail head to the boom suspension hinge

Table 3
Technical characteristics of the S-981B tower crane

Table 4
Technical characteristics of the tower crane KB-401 (KB-160.2)

Rice. 9. Crane KBK -160.2 (KB-403) and winch layout:
1 - cargo winch; 2 - trolley winch

Rice. 10. Cargo characteristics:
1 - 1=20 m; Yao=21.2, 26.8 and 32.4 m; 2 - 1=20 m, Yao=38 and 43.6 m; 3 - 1=25 m, Yao=21.2 and 26.8 m; 4-1=25 m, Yao=38 m; 5 - 1=25 m, Yao=43.6 m; 6 - L=30 m, Yao=’=21.2; 26.8 and 32.4 m; 7 -L=30 m, Yao=38 and 43.6 m. h - hook reach; But - height from the rail head to the boom suspension hinge

Table 5
Technical characteristics of the tower crane KB-403 (KBK -160.2)

The boom is made in the form of a four-section truss of triangular cross-section. The lower belt along which the load carriage moves is made of an angle profile. If necessary, the boom can be converted from a beam to a shunting boom with a length of 20 and 25 m, installed at an angle of 35 and 50° to the horizontal. In this case, the load carriage is attached to the head section of the boom.

A jib winch type L-500, a cargo winch type L-600, a crane slewing mechanism, a slewing ring No. 7, four two-wheeled undercarriages, and a driver’s cabin are unified components and mechanisms.

Rice. 11. Crane KB-674

The crane is transported by rail in separate units that fit into the dimensions of the loading outline, or assembled according to highways on two special dollies on a trailer to the KrAZ-221 tractor.

For the construction of high supports and installation of various building elements weighing up to 25 tons at a height of up to 70 m, it is recommended to use unified tower cranes KB-674 (Fig. 11) - self-propelled, full-rotating on rails, with a running frame, a fixed tower and a beam boom with a load carriage. The design scheme made it possible to develop a unified range of tower cranes from KB-674-1 to KB-674-5 based on the main model KB-674 (Table 6).

The fixed lattice crane tower of square section consists of separate sections. Using a special lift, people are lifted to a height of 74 m in 2.5 minutes. Its design is made using components and parts of commercially produced elevators.

The crane boom has a triangular cross-section. A cargo trolley moves along its lower belts. The crane has two electric drives with thyristor converters - a cargo winch and a turning mechanism.

Table 6
Technical characteristics of the unified series of tower cranes KB-674

Tower crane KB-408 is special equipment on rails, which is used for mechanization construction work, at a height of up to 72.7 meters and with loads of up to 10 tons.

The KB-408 tower crane is a construction mobile full-rotating rail-mounted crane with a rotating tower and a beam boom with a load trolley, providing vertical and horizontal transportation of construction parts and materials. The crane is transported from site to site disassembled. Installation is carried out using our own mechanisms and using a truck crane.

The KB408 crane belongs to the 4th size group of tower cranes and has the same main components as the cranes of this group.

The boom design is sectional. The crane boom structure is made of metal pipes in the form of a lattice structure; the boom modules are connected to each other using flange connections. The KB 408 crane can be mounted with an inclined boom. The reach is changed by moving the carriage.

The crane tower has modular design. The number of tower modules on KB-408 cranes varies from 2 to 5 pieces. (depending on the crane version).

Construction of the KB-408 tower crane

Turntable and turning mechanism

The KB-408 platform is identical in design to the KB-160. The design of the rotating mechanism has been changed - it looks like a roller circle (in one row) with a diameter of 2500 mm. In addition, the crane received winches, blocks and electrical equipment for the cargo trolley.