NS When building a private house or cottage, you will definitely need special construction equipment. Naturally, it will have to be rented, since it is unlikely that friends (relatives) will have a bulldozer, crane or excavator (although it is possible). Buying such equipment for the sake of building one single house, to put it mildly, is impractical.

Taking special equipment for rent, you get not only a car, but also an experienced operator who will meticulously perform any assigned tasks. Believe me, no company will ever put stupid and inexperienced operators on such equipment. The scope of work (payment) will definitely have to be negotiated with the manager of the company where you hired the equipment, but no one bothers to ask the operator to do extraneous work for the appropriate remuneration.

You can independently engage in the rental of equipment or entrust this business to an experienced foreman. He will not only draw up a work plan, but also professionally supervise all stages of construction. In this case, you will have to communicate with only one person, and not with each construction team separately.

Rent of special equipment

Renting will certainly cost you a lot, but the rate will depend on the model, dimensions and power of the special equipment. Some firms rent special equipment on an hourly basis, like http://express-tehbud.com/arenda-spetstekhniki, an exception may be cranes or dump trucks, which may charge a fee for a one-time lift or the volume of cargo transported. When ordering equipment from only one company, you can safely count on discounts and a more superficial system for calculating the work performed.

Let's figure out what equipment is needed to build a house. Basically, it is needed for earthwork and pouring the foundation. V rare cases cranes, rollers or pile drivers are required.

Most often required:

• bulldozer;
• excavator (forklift);
• truck (dump truck):
• aerial platform or crane;
• concrete mixer truck.

You can do without them, but the construction can be significantly delayed. Special equipment is needed to simplify and sometimes even reduce the cost of building a house or cottage.

What is construction equipment for?

It is mainly required for earthwork, soil removal, delivery building materials, facade decoration or roof installation. You do not have to hire a concrete mixer, since it is available on any concrete unit and the cargo is delivered by the manufacturer's machines.

Before the construction of any building, the plot of land for the construction is first leveled. It may have bumps, trees, or the remains of old structures. Only a bulldozer can handle this quickly. He can bring the area under the level within one day. If you decide to leave the soil dug from the pit, then you will need a bulldozer so that you can then evenly distribute it near the house area.

The foundation of any building is the foundation. The strength of the entire building depends on how well it is made. Often the owners make a basement under the house, and more recently an underground garage. So you can save space land plot and make the house multifunctional. To do this, a pit is being dug, and you will definitely need an excavator. The soil can be left on the site or taken out to a specially designated place. In the latter case, you will need a dump truck that will take out the earth.

Dump truck or truck

In any case, it is planned to deliver building materials to the site. Many building supermarkets and bases deliver materials by their own transport. However, you need to understand that in addition to the cost of delivery and schedule, they may have underweight and other "tricks". It's another matter if the car you hired goes to the base and is loaded with building materials. Here you can fully control the delivery time, and experienced driver will not let itself be fooled when loading. You will also need a dump truck to remove construction waste or excess soil.

Cranes and aerial platforms

A truck crane is essential for the construction of buildings above one floor. He installs floor slabs, supplies bricks, concrete mortar, raises the rafters to the roof. If he has a "cradle" - then with the help of a crane, you can perform any facade work. If there is no crane with a "cradle", then an aerial platform will be required for the exterior decoration of the building, the installation of an air conditioner, a satellite dish, gutters and other elements of the facade.

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Buying or renting construction equipment for building a house

Anyone who is thinking about building their own home should plan in advance the costs associated with the purchase or rental of construction equipment.

You cannot do without it, even if a small residential building with several rooms is being built. Without construction equipment, you can build only a small utility room or a garage, and even that is problematic. Building a house presupposes the availability of the necessary equipment, which simplifies and speeds up the work.

Some types of work are simply beyond the power of a person, no matter how he tries, for example, to lift a concrete floor slab with his own hands. Hoisting crane however, this operation can be completed in a few minutes. Consider what technique is used to build a house.

Types of equipment used in construction

Chainsaw

It is easier to buy a chainsaw, as it will always be needed on the farm. A chainsaw can cut trees and shrubs on the site, as they often interfere with construction and the entry of construction equipment to the site.

Bulldozer

A bulldozer will be needed at the very early stage of work on the site. Often the site is littered with debris or has an uneven surface. Also, the site where construction will be carried out must be cleaned of the top layer of soil. The bulldozer will be able to remove the top layer of soil and level the area in a short time. This will take from a day to a week, depending on the size of the site and the construction site.

It would be most expedient to rent a bulldozer t 170. this digger has established itself in construction work since 1980. In the rental services, there are many new improved models of the t-170 bulldozer that you can rent or buy.

If a one-time construction is carried out for yourself, then, of course, it is easier to rent, and at the same time take a driver from the lessor. When construction is the main type of work that is constantly being done, then a bulldozer will be needed at every construction site. Then it is easier for a construction company to buy it if there are free funds for this. You can also make money by renting it out to other construction companies.

Front loader and dump truck

The front loader will help load the garbage, and the dump truck will take it to the landfill. It is best to rent such equipment if the work is one-time. But a dump truck may be needed at many stages of construction.

Dump trucks can deliver building materials in the form of sand, crushed stone, cement, stone. It is better to bring bricks by self-loading, since unloading from a dump truck can partially damage it. Most sellers provide the delivery of building materials to their customers, but it is possible that you will have to bring a lot of materials yourself.

When delivering bricks from a seller, it is worth counting the number of pallets, as this can often be deceived. It is worth knowing that there are approximately 513 single brick units in one cubic meter.

Excavator

The excavator will be needed in order to dig a pit for pouring the foundation. It can be with one bucket or two for faster work.

Hoisting crane

A crane will be needed to lift loads to a height; it will carry out work throughout the entire construction process. A crane is indispensable if the house has several floors. The excavator lifts floor slabs, building materials, the main thing is to choose the right one in terms of carrying capacity. Also, qualified personnel with experience will be required to operate this machine. The quality of construction and safety of work depends on this.

Concrete mixer and concrete pump

For large volumes of work, you can order a concrete solution in an automobile concrete mixer. The solution in it is kneaded right on the way, it will come and pour the solution into the foundation. These are one-time jobs that can be ordered. For small volumes of work, a concrete mixer is used, which is easier to buy. This fairly inexpensive concrete mixing facility will be needed for pouring foundations, floor screed and other work. The concrete pump delivers the concrete solution to a height, it is better to rent it, since the car is expensive.

Aerial platform and scaffolding

For finishing works you will need to rent an aerial platform. An alternative can be scaffolding or a tour tower. Several people can work on them, but the aerial platform is a more mobile device.

What technique is essential

Most of the listed techniques are indispensable when building a house. But if the site was flat or there was already a foundation on it, then a bulldozer and an excavator would not be needed to level the site and dig a pit. You can do without a concrete pump if you carry the solution in buckets or lift it in containers with a truck crane.

Many types of technology are interchangeable, you should not take all of them at once. For example, a bulldozer and an excavator can do almost the same job. The bulldozer is located on caterpillar therefore it can work in any area, even swampy, where the excavator gets stuck.

Buy or rent construction equipment

Rent or buy construction equipment - here the choice depends on the amount of work and the frequency of their implementation. If someone is building own house, then he rents the equipment, it's easier and cheaper. But sometimes construction companies also rent equipment, since not all of them are available. Construction refers to seasonal work, they are suspended in winter time, because the technique is idle.

When buying a car, you should take care of where it will have to be stored and maintain technical serviceability. The plus is that the equipment is a good investment of money, you can not only do work on it yourself, but also lease it. Many firms do not engage in construction, but they make good money by renting out construction equipment.

Construction equipment can greatly facilitate construction, so many machines are simply indispensable. When renting equipment, it is worth checking its technical serviceability. Better to rent new technique, it works faster and more productively. Without the many machines that carry out modern construction, there simply would not be such a huge number of architecture and real estate objects.

Today, construction work is ongoing in almost every locality, but the bulk of them are in big cities.

For construction different types a lot of machines and special equipment have been developed, any kind of which can be ordered on the website vkservice.com.ua. They help build skyscrapers and spread roads. With their help, a person develops his infrastructure more and more rapidly.

Depending on the type of work performed, the technique can be divided into several categories.

The main types of construction equipment are:

• Machines used for earthworks... Such devices include various types of bulldozers, as well as excavators different modifications, scrapers used in the development of soil in layers and its transportation.
• Equipment for lifting loads or building materials. This includes a variety of jacks, crane beams various modifications and carrying capacity, as well as many other specialized devices.
• Mechanisms for drilling holes and holes in the soil. This type of device includes various types of drills, thermal and impact drilling machines.
• Machines for driving piles into the soil. There are several types depending on the type of working tool and the type of immersion of the pile in the soil.

Other construction equipment

Construction involves the use of not only bulldozers and cranes. It is also the production of material and its transportation.

Therefore, construction equipment includes:

• Mechanisms used to make fittings, as well as various concrete mixers and pumps for the supply of mortars. It also includes truck mixers and mobile plants for the production of concrete or other building material.
• Tools that are used in finishing work. These are various grinders and devices.
• Hand tool. These can be drills, metal saws, and different kinds auxiliary equipment, of which there are a lot.
• Transport vehicles. They transport materials, deliver concrete, or remove earth or debris from a construction site. This includes a variety of dump trucks and all types of trucks, as well as a variety of tractors and loaders of various types.

Quantity specialized machinery for construction work is growing every year. A person is improving mechanisms more and more than simplifies work and minimizes labor costs.

According to many members of the forum, if the owner's plans after the construction of the house is the further operation of the car for everyday needs, and it is not expected to replace it in the foreseeable future, it is not advisable to purchase a car specially "for construction". It's better to buy the one you like right away a car... It is easier to transport bulky building materials to the construction site with a hired gazelle, and to carry tools and expendable materials it is possible in a car, especially if it is a station wagon, says the forum member tazer.

tazer FORUMHOUSE user

The difference in price between normal and by truck won't pay off. And to carry a body behind you, while having all the disadvantages big car(dimensions, consumption, noise, controllability, etc.) for the sake of one construction site is stupid.

Indeed, many forum users have successfully rebuilt, having only a passenger car in their household. The main thing is that the trailer is good. Victor50 he delivered materials for his construction site on an ordinary "Zhigula" 2106 with a KMZ trailer, which has an additional extension drawbar, when connected, it is possible to transport length gauges up to six meters.

Mikhail11 FORUMHOUSE user

I completely and completely for the trailer: I bought it once and for life. Compulsory motor third party liability insurance is not necessary, technical inspection is not needed, hooked up - and carry what you want ... But I don't see any sense in taking the "killed" Gazelle and lying under it.

Forum user Bias bought a trailer with dimensions of 2.5x1.3 meters - it turned out that this standard size OSB sheets, hardboard and other sheet materials. In his opinion, the main difference between the trailer and the same cargo Gazelle- convenience of loading and unloading. There is no need to lift, for example, bags of cement on a high side, then climb into the back and transfer the bag more than once, and in the reverse order when unloading. In addition, if you need to go somewhere urgently, you can simply unhook the loaded trailer and leave it. And in the evening " truck»With a slight movement of the hand turns into regular car... Well, after construction, in case of uselessness, it is enough to simply sell it.

Bias

Most manufacturers indicate maximum mass trailer of 750 kg, although it can easily withstand a ton. I loaded more than two tons as much as possible, only the wheels had to be pumped up. I drove on the Niva almost every day during the season, often off-road, the trailer withstood and paid off many times compared to the Gazelle.

The best choice for construction is tipper trailers: it is convenient to unload sand, clay and other bulk materials from them. Forum user Nfnfhbyz when choosing a trailer, it is also advised to pay attention to the wheels. It is convenient if they are commensurate with the wheels of your car: it will be enough to take only one "spare tire" with you. And be sure - reclining both in front and behind the sides.

Pickup is another option that many users have tried and appreciated. Forum user GOR777 especially for the construction site bought a second-hand Chinese Great Wall with kung. A very convenient device, he claims: the cross-country ability is quite decent, you can load almost a ton, and in the body, unlike, for example, cargo compartment station wagon can load at least clay, even manure. It is easy to wash it, and the interior will remain clean.

GOR777 FORUMHOUSE user

A used Chinese pickup is not a pity, you can load whatever you want and go as and where you want, and then, as unnecessary, sell it for a cheap price and buy a more decent car.

User PVG1985 preferred the domestic version based on the Lada 4x4. He claims that he has made the right decision both in cross-country ability and in carrying capacity.

PVG1985 FORUMHOUSE user

Personal record: 4.69 m3 of insulation in bags, although a 3-cube septic tank looks good. When the construction began, even the "Belorus" could not drive to me in order to dig a drainage trench, it skidded for 4 hours. And I drove in normally.

However, most believe that purchasing a pickup truck specifically for construction is unreasonably expensive. This is an option universal car for an active lifestyle. The same building materials fit into its body less than a decent size trailer. Well, for a more or less large-scale construction, the trailer is still not the most good option, say members of the forum. Many people prefer the Gazelle. For solid volumes of concrete, brick, reinforcement, etc. in any case, you will need to order a heavy-duty transport, but on the "gazelle" it is convenient to bring a large number of various little things that are required at the construction site continuously, especially during the period of finishing work. You can argue which option - a bodywork or a van - is more convenient, but here clear advantage van: you can leave materials and tools in it without fear of being "attached to the legs."

Dubrovsky FORUMHOUSE user

I've been driving a Gazelle (onboard) for probably 20 years already. I changed the second one. The business is connected with construction, I build cottages, I built myself two houses. I do not see another car for myself. The cabin is comfortable, spare parts are no problem. The overhaul of the engine in the workshop was done in two days and inexpensively.

One of the main disadvantages of Gazelles is low cross-country ability. And if we consider that we have to drive up to most of the construction sites not on asphalt, this minus can outweigh all the advantages. Well, secondly - such a car is still for the "rukasty": regular breakdowns for him are a common thing. Forum user Arkann He has owned a "summer cottage" Gazelle for ten years and considers it an indispensable assistant, but only after 100 thousand kilometers of run this car literally starts to "crumble", he claims. Either an almost new radiator will take and flow, then the muffler will suddenly fall off ...

Alternative Gazelle a budget option- UAZ - "tadpole", especially with an extended base. With "flowability" he has the same problems, plus a less comfortable small-sized cabin, but there is significant advantage- four-wheel drive.

TO Category:

General information about construction machines

Classification of construction machines

The classification of construction machines is a system based on the distribution of machines according to a set of signs of their similarities and differences, as well as relationships. It is divided into different classification divisions (levels). According to the general classifier of industrial products, construction machines are assigned to the class "Construction and road machines" (Fig. 1.1), which is divided into subclasses, groups, subgroups, types, subspecies and indices.

A class is a subdivision of machines, united by a common purpose in construction.

Subclass - a subdivision of machines for a specific type of work.

Group - a subdivision of machines that are similar in principle of operation.

Subgroup - a subdivision of machines, united by the principle of operation, by the method of performing a technological operation, by the design scheme, limited by the values ​​of the main parameter.

A species is a kind of this subgroup.

Subspecies - a variety of this subspecies, differing in design, for example, undercarriage.
Index - a specific designation of a car model of this subspecies.

An example of the adopted hierarchy of machines is given in table. 1.1.

Classification schemes for machines for earthworks, as well as lifting machines are shown in Fig. 1.2 and 1.3.

All machines used for the production of construction and installation works are divided into: construction machines and road machines.

The road includes: soil mixers, milling cutters, seam cutters, road mix distributors, asphalt pavers, base profilers, auto asphalt distributors.

Table 1.1
Classification of construction and road cars on the example of excavators and mobile jib cranes

A separate group is made up of hand-held, pneumatic and electric machines, i.e. machines. mechanized tool.

The basis for the consolidated classification of construction equipment is the purpose of the machines.

They are divided into subclasses by purpose:
I. Machines for earthworks.
II. Hoisting-and-transport machines.
III. Drilling machines.
IV. Piling machines.
V. Machines for concrete and reinforced concrete works.
Vi. Machines for finishing works.
Vii. Road cars.
VIII. Hand-held machines (mechanized tools).

A more detailed classification of machines is also carried out according to the design, type of the working body, the possibility of movement, the type of drive, the degree of rotation, the method of support.

In addition, there is a general classifier that determines the purpose and location of construction and road machines.

All of them are divided into two groups according to the temperature range at which they maintain their performance: - machines general purpose designed for operation at a temperature of ± 40 ° С (version U); - special machines, special design, designed for operation at temperatures up to -60 ° С (UHL version) and machines for operation at temperatures up to +60 ° С (version T).

Classification provided hoisting cranes by operating modes.

Classes of use of CO… SE have also been established depending on the number of crane operating cycles during its service life, immersion classes 0… 4 depending on the load factor and the group of the crane operating mode depending on the class of use and load class.

The breakdown of machines into their component parts - assembly units - is depicted using classification schemes that allow you to visualize constructive designs machines of this group, including running gear, drive, working equipment and working bodies, suspension type, control system.

The classification schemes cover machines and tools used in construction as a whole, as well as machines used for the mechanization of certain types of work: preparatory, earth, pile, installation and vertical transport, cargo handling operations.

Machine indexing is a conventional alphanumeric designation (index) reflecting the machine model and its main parameter.

The general alphanumeric designation of machines is provided for by GOSTs. However, the machine indices assigned to them by the manufacturers sometimes differ from the GOST ones.

For excavators, boom and tower cranes a combined indexing was adopted, including the following characteristics: 1st digit - size group, 2nd - type of chassis. 3rd - execution of working equipment, 4th - serial number models. The letters in the index after the numbers indicate the next modernization (A, B, C, P ..); climatic version (UHL - cold climate, T - tropical, TV - tropical humid; cars for a temperate climate do not have this designation).

The division of construction and road machines into main groups is given in table. 1.2.

For tower cranes, the following designations are provided: G - for hydraulic engineering (KBG); R - for the renovation of buildings (KBR); M - modular cranes (KBM).

Number of the size group of tower cranes (rated load moment, t-m), 1st - up to 25; 2nd - 60; 3rd - 100, 4th - 160, 5th - 250, 6th - 400, 7th - 630, 8th - 1000, 9th - more than 1000.

The serial numbers of the model for cranes with slewing and non-slewing towers are 01 ... 69 and 71 ... 99, respectively.

Sometimes construction ministries and departments assign their own indexes to cranes: SKG-401 - a special crawler crane with a lifting capacity of 40 tons, 1st model; MKG-25BR - crawler assembly crane with a lifting capacity of 25 tons, tower equipment, with sliding bogies; DEK-252 - diesel-electric crane with a lifting capacity of 25 tons, 2nd model; MCK -I0-20 - a special assembly tower crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tons, an outreach of 20 m; MK.P-25 - pneumatic-forestry assembly crane with a lifting capacity of 25 t, MKTT-100 - an assembly crane with a telescopic boom based on a tractor, with a lifting capacity of 100 t, M KAT-40 - an automobile assembly crane with a telescopic boom, with a lifting capacity of 40 t; SMK-12 - a special erection crane with a lifting capacity of 12 t, ABKS-6 - an automobile tower crane for rural construction with a carrying capacity of 6.3 tons.

Table 1.2
The main classification groups of construction machines

The following indices are assigned to the cargo-passenger lifts: PGS-800 - lift with a lifting capacity of 800 kg; MGPS-1000 is a mobile cargo-passenger construction hoist with a lifting capacity of 1000 kg.

Car lifts and towers are indexed differently: AGP-28 - hydraulic lift, lifting height 28 m; ВС-18 - construction tower, lifting height 18 m.

For other groups of construction machines, equipment and tools, the following are established letter designations: ETR - rotary trench excavators; ETC - trench chain excavators; DZ - bulldozers, scrapers, motor graders; DU - machines for soil compaction; SP - machines and equipment for piling works; BM - boring and drilling-crane machines; SB - equipment for concrete work; СО - machines and equipment for finishing works, flooring and roofing works; TO - single-bucket loaders; TA - cement unloading machines; TR - non-metallic unloaders; TP - mast construction hoists; PGP - cargo-passenger lifts; TC - cement trucks; instruments ( manual machines): IE - electrical, IP - pneumatic.

During the construction of heat and gas supply systems, water supply and sewerage networks and structures, a large number of construction machines are used, different in purpose, design, parameters and power.

Construction machines classified: by the type of work performed (by technological basis); by mode of operation; by the nature of the energy used and the type of power equipment; according to the degree of mobility and degree of versatility.

By the type of work performed, construction machines are divided into the following groups: lifting; transporting; loading and unloading; for earthworks; for drilling operations; for pile work; for processing and sorting stone materials; for preparation and transportation of concrete and mortar mixtures and compaction concrete mixes; for finishing works; for processing pipes (pipe cleaning and pipe insulation); manual for assembly and assembly work.

Each group of construction machines can be divided into subgroups that unite machines within a narrower circle of work they perform (for example, cranes and hoists belong to lifting machines). Each subgroup, in turn, unites machines of certain types, differing from each other in the design of individual units or machines as a whole (for example, trench excavators are divided into rotary and chain excavators).

Each type of machine has several standard sizes (models), similar in design, but differing from each other in the capacity of the working body, carrying capacity, dimensions and weight, productivity, power power plant and other data.

According to the mode of operation, machines of periodic (cyclic) action are distinguished, which perform work by periodically repeating the same cycle (including working and idle operations), and machines of continuous action. The first group of machines includes construction cranes, hoists, single bucket excavators and others, to the second - bucket excavators, conveyors, pumps for pumping mixtures, etc.

By the type of energy used and the type of power equipment

distinguish between machines driven by engines internal combustion, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and steam engines... Mixed drive systems are also used - diesel-electric, diesel-hydraulic, electro-pneumatic, etc.

According to the degree of mobility, the machines are divided into stationary, portable and mobile (trailed and self-propelled).

According to the degree of versatility, universal machines are distinguished, supplied with several types of interchangeable working equipment for performing various technological operations(single bucket construction excavators, cranes, loaders, etc.), and specialized, designed to perform only one type of work (pipe cleaning and insulation machines, mortar and concrete pumps, etc.).