Do you think that the romance of Russian roads is the dust and chrome of a powerful motorcycle in the skin of the jacket? And two wheels in gasoline smog belong to either roaring friends of bikers, or by Chinese-Japanese affected scooters?

The real knights of the roads proudly squeeze on what is called almost indecent in modern society the word "moped". When rare and not very handsome people go to the track (mopeds, not their riders), the owners of foreign cars are contemptuously pursuer, teens on scooters are built offensive faces, and pensioners remember youth.

Meanwhile, there are real romantics of road leaf and gasoline exhausts. And horses under these knights of the roads - the most romantic. A gang of mopedists from Saratov is precisely such heroes of asphalt or other road surfaces. And let their transport - not fashionable, not advertised, not shining under filmmers. But he is going, often, with his own hands, he reflects the state of the soul and the thoughts of its owner. He finally - proof that there is something more than money.

Here, for example, the pets of the free generation of the 80s - Motorbike Ziph-77, the child of the Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V.Frunes, this lightweight two-wheeled transport was the dream of many Soviet boys, boys and men who prefer freedom of movement.

35 With a small curved weight kilogram capable of developing speeds up to 40 km / h. The engine of the bicycle industry is a carburetor, single-cylinder air cooling with a return-loop purge - the famous D6.

Here is one of the Saratov mopedists and this very ZIF-77 was renovated. Restored - it means not only put "on the wheels". Mopida gave a new aesthetic life, created a new image. Now the "dad" of the Russian moto-cycling copper (or at least has such a kind). In the process of restoration, the Saratov enthusiast collided with considerable difficulties, but overcame them if not played, then with a well-known share of optimism.

Chrome details of the moped were sacrificed from the existing coating and slower. The spokes of the wheels were slow, the steering wheel was slowed, slowed down. Rama and Wings Zifa were painted in fire and red. The same happened with wheels - now the rubber is also red, do not lag behind it and both rims. According to the collector himself, the most difficult was to clean up all the details from chromium and ensure the perfect coating of copper. Polishing abrasive foam rubber came to the rescue and some experience and smelting. The parts of the engine were slowed under the current, and those that were covered with zinc - predetermined in acid. After many days of Labor at the Niva Restoration of the Copper Horse was ready to meet the road. Although it would seem - only in the museum, in the edification of descendants. But - runs, and still copper. Saratov enthusiast covered moped with copper, and himself - the layer of glory among the same as he, knights on the horses about two wheels.

Discussion of the article "On the old Ziph-77 silence the word ..."

RESPECTRY GRIGHORY VAGNER from Saratov, head of the branch of the Motocluba hole! Delight!

High! Those motors and motors that did not grow in a distance, but, at the same time, the new features of the 90s, probably never seen that hole ZIF 77, which is shown in the photo of this publication. Of course, a similar led-shaped technique has rue to his long time ago and is now calmly resting in various museums of the post-Soviet land. Nevertheless, it is considered part of an important history and domestic, and world motorcycle, in particular.

If you get a similar rarity from the great-grandfather, do not hurry to sell it, since there are a lot of ads from restorers on the Internet, ready to take a miracle transport as a gift or for money (and good in the case of a well-preserved two-wheeled design).

Description of the moped hole with a photo

Ziph-77 is the brainchild of still living, oddly enough, the domestic producer, namely the Penza bicycle plant founded in 1915. Today, the models produced by the above event naturally look more modern and technologically advanced of these frightening with photos of old men with the Motor "D-6". Moreover, employees of the enterprise are even ready to buy your holes, the price of which, of course, does not compare with the value of rare pre-war bikes. However, any money can delight happy recipients. Let's go back to the description.

The release of Moto Velo Zif 77 came to the change of serial production of the MV18M model, which was highlighted with a higher mass and speed in more modest. The upgraded hole is able to issue at a maximum of 40 km / h. This indicator was more than enough for the thirsty driving sensations of village boys. Yes, and the intelligent urban traveler of the Soviet era from the two-wheeled was just delighted. Moreover, the consumption of fuel at such an unusual bike at that time was not considered critical unprofitable.

The new brainchild of the Penza Bicycle Plant received a slightly modified frame. And the presence, as before, the breaking options for pedals, retained the traveler the chance to get home carelessly even if the engine is completely output. Among other features of the two-wheeled hole of the hole, to buy which is still possible in our time, relatively light weight (35 kilograms). This fact did the mechanized led zif 77 as practical for most people. Transportation of a faulty or ordinary parking such equipment did not require special physical effort from the driver / owner.

The hole, whose photo you see, perfectly fit into not the ideal Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian roads. However, the nurser of the rider of such a steel horse in our days, most begin to be curly, not shy to demonstrate their discontent, and sometimes frank disgust. It is rejoiced by the massively predominantly people of the retirement age, which is ready to remember youth without tired.

Reviews of moto holes Zip 77

Mopeds and mechanized led vehicles of modern motor coat, of course, significantly exceed this two-wheeled almost all technical points. Nevertheless, the enthusiasts and lovers retro are still in the post-Soviet Earth, ready to endlessly leave positive feedback relative to the above product of the Penza bicycle plant. To begin with, it is worth noting that many lovers of old transport in this hole, the price of which is nowhere to use, attracts romance. After all, scholars and teachers were worn in the former Soviet era on such mini bikes on urban streets.

Another positive moment is that this kind of technique often gathered in manual. And this already suggests that in the floor led, the mopeds were inserted into the mopes. And this is more expensive than fashion promoted by materialists and cynics, as the romance of moto movement is convinced. On ZIF, moreover, the whole generation of poor and frankly freedom-loving compatriots grew. Their preferences, which have become history, are also needed to respect.

Very fond of the above-mentioned bike domestic restorers. In it, the latter see something more than the vehicle. Such people are ready to give a new life at any time, it would seem that I have never been demanded by the mini bike. According to the reviews of the mechanics described in the article, the brainchild has a mass of high-quality chrome knots, which is not aware of the modern Chinese mosses and motorcycles that overflowing the CIS. Corrosion cripples two-wheeled times in 10 times faster.

Specifications ZIF 77 moped hole

Engine type - single-cylinder with air cooling system and purge return-loop type.
Motor model - "D-6".
The operating volume of the engine is 45 cm3.
The diameter of its cylinder is 38 mm.
Compression - 6 kilograms per 1 centimeter.
The maximum power of the D6 motor reaches 1.2 hp
Type of fuel supply - through the carburetor.
Ignition type - Magneto.
The capacity of the gas tank of the two-wheeled ledger is 4.8 liters. (0.2 liters. - Reserve).

In Soviet times, mopeds were incredibly stylish and fashionable personal vehicles. Especially among youth.

The motorcycle was expensive and demanded garage storage. And a moped, like a bike, often brought to the apartment.

Motorbike "Arrow" with a copy of the engine "Vanderler" (from 1936 to 1940)

The photo failed to find, perhaps this is "Vanderler"

Motorized bike in901

The motorized bike B901 was produced in the Kharkov Bike Plant in the 50s of the last century.
The bike had a frame of reduced height and a reinforced plug. The wheels had a size 26 "x 2". Also installed a steering wheel with extended handles and a trunk with a clamp.
- engine d-4
- Bicycle weight along with the engine - 27 kg.

Motorbike in-902

Produced Lviv motion since 1960.
Motovibic developed speed of 35-40 km. hour. On B-902 there is a tubular welded frame with two upper pipes. The front plug has spring shock absorbers and turns to the right and left on two radial-resistant ball bearings. The rigidity of the springs of the shock absorbers is tuned by screwing and unscrew the shock absorber nuts. Hard rear wheel suspension. Motor D-4 with a capacity of 1 liters. from.

MV-042.

In 1963, the plant mastered the new MV-042 model, which carried the name of the motorbike, but in fact it was already a moped: a special stamped frame, a telescopic front plug, rear suspension on the central spring. Later models, according to some data, were produced with two shock absorbers. We produced in 1965. MV-042 "Lvovyanka" single-cylinder two-stroke engine with a working volume of 45 cm3 Maximum power of 1.2 liters. from. Mass moped 30 kg Maximum speed 40 km / h

"Spriditis"

The company Sarkan Zvyagzne was organized in Riga in 1940. On the basis of a nationalized "Bicycle Factory of the city of Erenspris." In 1958, the first experienced samples of the Spriditis moped were collected on it with a 60-cubic engine, the prototype for which one of the "Pooh" models was served.


This machine did not go to the series, but the experience gained allowed to create a more successful design that was called Riga-1.
As a basis, one of the mopeds of the brand "WINTER" was taken as the basis, but instead of a short-circuit front fork, a telescopic was made, and in the rear suspension instead of rubber elastic elements, springs were used. Initially, the car was equipped with a 50-cubic Motor Motor "Java", later the production of a similar power unit (50KUB. CM.X 1.5L.S.) was mastered at the Wairas factory in the Lithuanian city of Schauliai.

Riga-2 Gauj

In parallel from 1959 Equipment of the Bicycle "Riga-16" by the Motor "D-4" (45KUB.Sm.x1.2l.) of the Leningrad Plant "Red October". It was a temporary solution. Already in 1961. Buyers were proposed "Light" moped Riga-2 Gaui with the same motor specially developed by a tubular frame and spring-loaded front fork. From this point on, two families of mopeds were built at the factory, conventionally divided into "heavy" and "lungs", with Motors of Shaulian and Leningrad plants, respectively.

Riga-4.

In 1970, the plant presented a new model "Riga-4" with a 49.9 cm3 engine (which did not require the availability of rights) and 2 hp. From the innovations: a high-voltage transformer appeared, the shields for the wheels, the trunk has changed, the design of the chain, gearbox, was changed, installed a new trunk, and the speedometer drive was from the engine. But the main thing - for the first time on a moped, 16-inch were installed instead of 19-inch wheels. Probably, therefore, Riga-4 has no longer looked so in Soviet.

Riga-5.

From 1966 to 1971, the successor of Gaui was produced - Riga 5. According to the design, he was quite different from the predecessor. For example, a telescopic plug was used to depreciate the front wheel in Riga-5, and the compressive springs allowing the fork to bend forward. The design has changed. The gear was not, the engine "D-5" started from rotating pedals. Despite the simplicity of control, the dynamics of the moped deteriorated significantly. Rama strengthened, because Past models sinned breaking ram. In 1971, Riga-7 came to replace Riga-5.

Riga-7.

Riga-11.

After the moped "Riga-7", the new "Riga-11" was released - a stylish one-speed moped with powerful wheels. D6 engine retained. But the model turned out to be quite severe, and the frame is not strong enough. In addition, the original tank, placed under the trunk, in practice delivered a lot of trouble when driving uphill, especially when there was little fuel.

Riga-12.

Riga-12 was produced from 1974 to 1979. It was equipped with the Shaulian engine W-57 and had cycling pedals with which it was possible to help the engine when driving uphill. The model was distinguished by the presence of a paper air filter, mounted in a frame. Produced with different embodiments of fastening and fuel tank forms: with a ignition coil from above under a tank, with a spool reel from the bottom of the frame under the tank. Visually was very similar to Riga-16, but was distinguished by a short saddle and a smaller trunk.

Riga-13.

The moped moped of that time - Riga-13 came to replace the light mop "Riga-11". It was produced since 1983 and equipped with a 1.3 hp engine, which accelerated the moped to 40 km / h. Early models were equipped with a D-8 engine, and later began to put engines - d-8E, D-8 m. Its distinctive feature is a good light and a high-voltage transformer, which eliminated frequent problems with the ignition coil. Riga-13 has become the most popular Most of the plant and was produced until 1998.

Riga-16

In 1977, a two-speed model Riga-16 was launched into production. The moped had a muffler of a motorcycle type, a kickstarter, a rear brake lever, a rear lamp, an original coloring and a new steering wheel. The first models were equipped with the Shaulian engine W-57, and later versions received the most successful engine W-58. In fact, Riga-16 is the first mokik in the USSR (before that there were mopeds with pedals). With its own weight, 45 kg Mokik could carry up to 115 kg of cargo!

Riga 22.

In 1981, the plant began to release Mokka Riga 22, which was the modernization of the Riga 16 model and equipped with the EC-62 engine. The engine radically differed from its predecessors. In particular, he had a powerful electronic contactless ignition. The direction of rotation of the crankshaft had to be changed due to another transmission. But, a good design failed. Therefore, in 1984, the entire system was upgraded by an engine, developing 1.8 hp, became known as sh-62m. At the same time, the design of the muffler changed. But the gearbox still remained the weak link of Mokka Riga 22.

Riga-26 (or "mini" RMZ-2.126)

In 1982, the plant presented a very unusual Mokik "Riga-26" (or "mini" RMZ-2.126). It became the most compact in the entire history of the plant and easily placed not only on the balcony, but also in the trunk of any Soviet car with the body of a wagon. That's just weighed 50 kg. Riga 26 was distinguished by small chubby wheels, like scooters, and the steering wheel and the seat could go down, making Mokik even more compact. Engine - Sh-62, B-50 or B-501, all - Shaulian plant.

Delta (RMZ 2.124)

By the mid-80s, overproduction of mopeds was observed on the market, so the plant decided to concentrate on new models of Mokikov. In 1986, a completely new development was presented - Mokik Delta (RMZ 2.124). The original frame and successful engine were key elements of the success of this model. Delta received a two-speed engine in the 50 Shaulian plant, on which many shortcomings of previous models were taken into account. And the shift gear in the engine in-501 generally caused admiration for bikers. Small parties produced delta with cast wheels and three-speed polish engines.

Mokik Stella (Stella)

Following Delta, the Riga plant showed Mokik Stella (Stella). It was installed engine M-225 from the Babetta moped. After the collapse of the USSR on Stella, except for the engines from Babetta, they began to install engines from Polish Mokka Dezamet and French Peugeot engines.

MV-044.

Lviv mopeds MV-044, MP-043
The models have many common nodes and parts and differ mainly by the engine design and electrical equipment. Light moped MB-044 has a D-5 engine with a working volume of 45 cm3 and a capacity of 1.2 hp. and ignition system from magneto. On moped MP-043, a more powerful engine W-51 with a working volume of 50 cm3 and a capacity of 2.0 hp is installed. With a two-step gearbox and ignition system from flying magneto.
Maximum speed MP-043 - 50 km / h, fuel consumption - 2 liters. per 100 km path. Dry weight - 48 kg.
The light moped MV-044 develops the maximum speed of 40 km / h and consumes 2 liters. Fuel per 100 km path. Dry weight - 38 kg.

MP-043.

MP-045, MP-046.

MP-045, MP-046.
An all-welded sealed fuel tank with a capacity of 6.6 liters provides a stroke of over 300 kilometers. Rama on new mopeds is significantly strengthened. On both models, the engine cooling is improved: new shape shields fully open cylinders and heads.

Moped MP-048 "Verkhovyna-3" (1970-1973)

General data: the highest speed is 50 km / h; dry weight - 51 kg; The greatest load (including the driver) is 100 kg; Fuel tank - 5.0 l.; Average fuel consumption - 2.2-2.6 l / 100 km.

Motorbike 16-B1 (since 1963)

Penza bicycle factory. M.V.Fruunze (PVZ)
Motorbike can develop speed up to 40 km / h.
Fuel consumption 100 km. Ways at a speed of 25 km / h - 1.5 liters.
Motorbike weight - 34 kg.

Light moped MV-18 (since 1972)

From the previous model, it is characterized by greater reliability, modified by the gear ratio of the pedal drive. Engine installed D-6. Petrol is increased to 5 liters in volume. Weight - 34 kg.

Light moped zif-77 (since 1977)

M.Fruunze's Penza Bicycle Plant was produced.
This model is an upgraded version of the former MB - 18m and differs from it improved finishing of the surface of the nodes and parts and a new, melamid-alkyd enamel. The moped is easy (its dry weight is 35.2 kg), develops a speed of 40 km / h, consumes only 1.8 liters of fuel at 100 kilometers of the path, the largest permissible load - 100 kg

Light moped zif-20

Kid

this is the child of the Leningrad Plant "Red October"
Under the full name "Pocket" Motoroller kid.
Another unusual vehicle: Motocolus "K-1-B" (1947-1951)

Buy moped Riga-13 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

SARKANA ZVAIGZNE Riga Motion Plant (translated into Russian - Red Star) Parrice in the production of Soviet mopeds. His firstbole in the 60s, the Motovibic Gauja became his first-year, after him Moped Riga-1. The 50-cubic two-speed engine was borrowed from Jawa, the design as a whole - at Simson. Moped Riga-13 was already released in the 80s.

Buy moped of Yawortta Sport after restoration from 150,000 rubles

Moodate moped (Jawetta) was produced in the middle of the last century. For the right of the championship, two models fought - "Standard" and "Sport". The first accelerated to 45 km / h with the help of the engine in a half of the horses, and sports - as well as up to 50 km / h, having more power and weight. For as many as 0.5 forces and a half kg of weight!

Buy moped Riga-3 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

In the second half of the last century, domestic mopeds were produced in Penza, Lviv and Riga factories. In terms of production, the USSR caught up with Japan and Italy. Mopeds were even exported to the Cochangerian countries. Absolute sales hits at the time were the Carpathians, Verkhovin and, of course, Riga.

Buy moped Riga-4 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

In 1970, the plant presented a new model "Riga-4" with a 49.9 cm3 engine (which did not require the availability of rights) and 2 hp. A high-voltage transformer appeared on the moped, the shields for the wheels, the trunk has changed, the design of the chain, gearbox gearbox, was changed, installed a new trunk. But the main thing - for the first time on the moped, 16-inch wheels were installed.

Buy moped Riga mini after restoration from 150,000 rubles

In 1982, Mini Mokik Riga-26 was developed (he is "mini"). This model combined the merits of the moped and the scooter, was simple and convenient for storage and moreover did not lose similarities with the traditional motorcycle. It was easily placed on the roof or in the trunk of a passenger car, in the elevator. However, with a weight of 50 kg, it was very problematic to drag such a mini-mokik on the stairs to the balcony or loggia.

Buy moped Java Stadion after restoration from 150,000 rubles

In 1961, at the factory in the city of the rink, the release of the modernized "C-11 Stadium" began - "C-22". On a moped, an upgraded engine with a new carburetor was installed. Engine - single-cylinder, two-stroke - 49.8 cm3. In order to better remove heat and increase the reliability of the engine, it was decided to make a cylinder from an aluminum alloy with a pressed sleeve made of special cast iron.

Buy moped Riga-22 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

In 1981, Mokik "Riga-22", which became an improved version of Mokika "Riga-16" from the conveyor. On this model, which accelerates to 50 km / h. The use of electronic contactless ignition increased reliability of the engine start and reliability of the ignition system as a whole. After some time, the engine was upgraded, installed a new gearbox and clutch.

Buy moped zif-77 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

Motorbike Ziph-77 Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V. Frunes, this light two-wheeled transport was a dream of many Soviet boys who prefer freedom of movement. 35 With a small curved weight kilogram capable of developing speeds up to 40 km / h. The engine of the bicycle industry is a carburetor, single-cylinder air cooling with a return-loop purge - the famous D6.

Buy moped Riga-12 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

Riga-12 was produced from 1974 to 1979. He had cycling pedals with which it was possible to help the engine when driving up. Was disting from the presence of a paper air filter mounted in a frame. Various fastenings and forms of the fuel tank were varied: with the ignition coil from above the frame under the tank or the bottom of the frame under the tank. It was similar to Riga-16, but was distinguished by a short saddle and a smaller trunk.

Buy moped Gauj after restoration from 150,000 rubles

Motorbike Gauja was produced from 1961 to 1963. The engine was installed on the single moped D4 or D5 with a capacity of 1 hp. Reliable welded frame differed in a slight weight, and the front suspension had spring shock absorbers. For driving in the dark, the moped was equipped with a headlamp that was fed from the generator. Gauja developed speed up to 40 km / h.

Buy moped Verkhovyna-3 after restoration from 150,000 rubles

Motor volume Mopeda Verkhovina-3 49.8 cubic meters., 1.61 hp Transmission is 2-speed, mechanical. Switching speed is carried out on the steering wheel. Running the engine kick starter. Ignition on the moped contact. The basis of the structure is the steel frame of steel. Suspension - Telescopic fork in front and pendulum from behind. In both cases, spring shock absorbers are provided.

Types of two-wheeled small motorcycles are quite diverse: it is bicycles with suspended motors, heavy mopeds, characterized by greater power and usually having gearboxes, mokyki - mopeds with a kickstarter, minimatomollers (scooter).

All this technique, in accordance with the rules of the RF traffic rules, one can combine the general name of the "moped" - a two- or three-wheeled vehicle driven by the engine with a working volume of no more than 50 cubic meters. cm and having a maximum design speed not more than 50 km / h. I note that in the 70s - 80s of the last century, in the USSR, the working volume of moped engines should not exceed 49.9 cubic meters. See, the Soviet plants were focused on this limit border. However, the difference between 49.9 cubic meters. cm and 50 cubic meters. cm is really not tangible.

The first motorcycle, the release of which was established at the beginning of the 20th century at the Lenter plant in Riga, can be largely considered to be moped. This motorcycle called " Russia"Was an ordinary bike with an internal combustion engine installed in the frame. With a motorcycle "Russia", the engine is more than 50 cu. cm, with mopeds - low maximum design speed (up to 40 km / h) and, most importantly, the presence of cycling.

Motorcycle "Russia" cost about 450 rubles, and only wealthy people could acquire such a car. Therefore, production volumes were very small - several dozen motorcycles per year. In 1910, the production of motorcycles "Russia" on the Lenther Factory was discontinued, the company began to produce only bicycles.

Light mopeds

Experienced motorbike samples were created in the USSR in the second half of the 30s. So, at a Moscow cycling plant manufactured an experimental batch of motors with suspended motors with a capacity of 1.3 liters. With. who were supplied from Odessa, from the "Red Profintern" plant. And in Leningrad, on the F. Engels mechanical plant, mastered the outboard motors to male MD-1 bike.

On the photo Bicycle HZZ with the engine "Red Profintern", 1936.

Engine of the Leningrad Plant named Engels.

Photo from Moto magazine, March 2003.

However, the beginning of the Great Patriotic War prevented to deploy large-scale production of suspended motors and motorbikes. The mass production of this technique was started in the USSR only in the post-war period.

One of the first post-war suspension cycling - " Irtysh.", Installed under the pedal bicycle carriage. The drive on the wheel was carried out by a rubber roller pressed to the bus. Engine working volume 48 cubic meters. cm developed the power of 0.8 hp, which made it possible to overclock the bike up to 30 km / h. "Irtysh" was produced in 1954-55 by the Omsk Motor-Building Plant named after the Baranov.
Consumer reviews about Irtysh were very ambiguous. For example: " Our Motor brand "Irtysh" ... turned out to be a capricious and wristing creature. He was suspended so low that almost dragged on the road. Road dirt dried between the ribs of its cylinder, stuck in the air filter ... The clutch lever often broke. To get to Magneto, it was necessary to disassemble the entire bike carriage. Movement from the motor to the rear wheel was not transmitted via the chain, but through the rubber drum, which rotated the wheel. But if it recently passed the rain and the road was wet, then the drum only slid over the tire, and the bike did not move away. I had to wait until the road would dry". (D.Dar, A.elianov "there, behind the turn ...", M., "Young Guard", 1962).

Prototype "Irtysh" - engine ILO-F48 1948.

Photo from Moto magazine, March 2003.

"Irtysh" by bike.

Photo from Moto magazine, March 2003.

At about the same years as "Irtysh", produced similar in design, but a more powerful engine MD-65 (66 cubic meters. Cm, 1.7 hp). The drive on the wheel was also carried out using a rubber drum.

The situation has changed for the better with the beginning of production in 1956 by Kharkov bicycle plants of engines D-4.. Unlike the "Irtysh", which had a German prototype - an ILO F48 engine of the 1951 sample, D-4 was completely domestic development. This is a two-stroke single-cylinder engine with spool gas distribution, a 45 cubic cylinder. cm, the degree of compression is about 5.2. The engine developed the power of about 1 hp At 4000 - 4500 rpm and had a chain drive to the rear wheel. Bicycles, installed on them D-4, developed speed up to 40 km / h.

It is curious that the rural self-taught rural designer created this engine (!) Philip Alexandrovich arrived, spending about 10 years. Compared to "Irtysh" and similar domestic, as well as foreign structures, D-4 looked so profitable that, for example, the magazine "Technique - Youth" called him the best cycle engine of the world (K. Pigulevsky, first place in the competition with the best motors of the world , "Technique - Youth", №2, 1958).

It is difficult to say whether anyone has arranged testing d-4 in comparison with the "best motors of the world", but D-4, indeed, was a new word in the production of cycle engines. It is not by chance that he repeatedly undergoing modernizations, called: D-4, D-5, D-6, D-8 was produced in our country for about 40 years - at the beginning in the Kharkov Bicycle Plant, then on the Leningrad "Red October". Production was truly massive - in 1982 an 8-million engine of the "D" series was released. It is produced by the modernized "Dashka" and now, the truth is not here, but in China. Moreover, the Chinese version of the arrival of arrival is successfully exported to Western Europe, the United States, and to us, to Russia.

In 1958, the Kharkiv cycle began to produce a bicycle specifically under the "D-4" engine.

Compared to the usual road machine, this bike had a shock absorber in the front fork and a tire of increased size. Apparently, B-901 can be considered the first Soviet mass produced by the Motorbian. Then the production of motorbikes was transferred to the Nalvovsky plant "Metal" (from 1960 "Lviv Motorbike Plant" - LMZ). In the same year, the plant began the release of Motorbikes in-902, differing from B-901, mainly frame design.

Photos from the site: alkatrion.com

In 1962, the design bureau of the plant created a motorbike MV-042 "Lvivoyanka". It was a fundamentally new model with a special bearing all-grained frame, a telescopic front fork and, even spring-loaded rear suspension.

Photos from the site: roker.kiev.ua

At the first part of the "Lvivyanka", the engine stood all the same - d-4. In the process of subsequent modernization of the moped, instead of the rear plug with the central spring began to install double shock absorbers in aluminum covers. And, most importantly, a new engine came to replace D-4 - D-5., with an increased up to 6 units, the degree of compression. Engine power increased to 1.2 hp With 4500 rpm, fuel consumption remained at 1.5 l / 100km.
High thermal tension D-5 caused designers to apply a new cylinder with developed ribs and a removable head.

A light moped came to change "Lvivyanka", characterized by developed droting and angular shapes.

Photos from the site: bestmebli.ru

In 1969, they began to produce a new model - " MP-045"With a reinforced frame and a gas tank of greater tank.

The last of the light mopeds produced by the Lviv Motorbike Plant is " MP-047 "" Tisa ". After this model, the plant fully moved to the release of heavy mopeds - "Verkhovin", and subsequently "Carpath".

It should be noted that the rear shock absorbers were installed on all light mosses of the Lviv Plant. Light mopeds of other Soviet factories, as, however, and most of the foreign light mopeds of those years, such "luxury" did not have.

Almost simultaneously with the plant in Lviv, the release of light mopeds was adjusted at the Sarkan Zvyagzne Riga Motion Plant ("Red Star") and on the Penza Bicycle Plant named after M.V. Frunze.

As the chassis of the first light moped, the release of which was started in Riga in 1959, served as a male bike manufactured here. "

Photos from the site: www.mopedmuseum.ru

The acquaintance engine D-4 was well installed on the bike. (A. Popov, cooled star, "Moto", №1, 2012, p.88). The resulting design strongly resembled Motorbike B-901 Kharkov Veloshvod.

The next motorbike of the Riga Plant - "Gauja" ("Riga-2").

Photos from the site: forum.grodno.net

Motorbike was produced in 1961 - 1963, was distinguished by an elegant frame, an inhibited engine and a spring-loaded front fork.

To change "Gauj" came with a frame of a simpler design, increased gas tank capacity and engine D-5..

Photos from the site: suvenirrussian.ru

And in the 70s, the issue was established Riga-7Completed engine D-6.. This engine, in contrast to D-5, had a larger diameter rotor and a dual winding of the ignition coil. Such modernization made it possible to feed the headlight and the rear light of the moped directly from the engine, and not from the external dynamo generator, as it was in mopeds, equipped with motors D-4 and D-5.

In the late 70s, Sarkan Zvyagzne began to produce a new model - "Riga-11".

The moped received a ridge frame instead of a closed, smaller diameter wheels but wider. The benzobac was moved to the rear trunk and reduced in capacity from 5.5 to 4 liters. It is unlikely that this model can be called successful. The weight of moped, compared to Riga-7, increased by 8 kg, and the ridge frame, which could be expected, turned out to be less strong compared to closed.

Apparently, for these reasons, the production of "Riga-11" was soon minimized, she came to replace the same wide 19 inch wheels, but again with a closed frame and a gas tank on the traditional place for mopeds - the upper beam of the frame.

Photos from the site: rstcars.com

The weight of the moped is, compared with Rigo-11, it was possible to reduce 2 kg. D-8 engines and modifications were installed on the moped. A distinctive feature of D-8 was a good light and the presence of a high-voltage transformer in the ignition system.

Riga-13 was produced up to the closure of the plant in 1998, becoming the most massive, and at the same time, the last serial model of the Riga light mopeds. Perestroika and subsequent market reforms destroyed the Riga Motion, as, however, most of the country's motos.

The workshop of the legendary Riga enterprise is currently either demolished or are in a dilapidated state.

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

It is curious that after the cessation of the release of Riga-13 at the Riga Motion Plant, a moped for some time produced the State Unitary Enterprise "Leningrad Northern Plant", who received the working drawings of the moped from Riga.

The third plant, which produces light mopeds in the USSR, is the Penza bicycle plant. M.V. Frunze (ZIF). The first model was a motorbike 16-VM, very strongly resembling Lviv in-902.

Then, in 1972, the release of the model with the engine D-6 began

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

and since 1977, Ziph-77. The last two models were distinguished from similar Riga models of those years (Riga-5 and Riga-7) by a 2.5 liter gas tank and a slightly less weight.

In the "troubled years of perestroika" the release of mopeds on Ziphe was discontinued. However, the plant managed to save. Now ZIF, renamed in 2008 in the Penza Bicycle Plant LLC, produces seven models of male and female road bikes and two models of adolescent bicycles.

Currently, in the Russian Federation, as well as in other republics that have once been part of the USSR, there is not a single plant, serially producing motorbikes.

In a very limited number, only sets are made from the engine and special fasteners for installation on a bike. The most famous of them is a "comet", manufactured in St. Petersburg. The buckle kit can go in the engine with a capacity of 1 hp, 1.5 hp and 2 hp The drive drive from the engine transmits rotation to the pulley (bicycle rim), which is attached to the spokes on the rear wheel.

Photos from the site: motorbratva.com

The moped weighed about 70 kg, equipped with a single-cylinder, two-stroke engine with a working volume of 98 cm3. Compression ratio - 5.8. The engine developed 2.3 liters. from. With 4000 rpm and had a two-step gearbox. The maximum speed is 50 km / h. From the above technical data, it can be seen that "Kievant" is very similar to the pre-war "arrow." This is not surprising, since the prototype and "arrows" and "Kievanin" consider the popular German moped "Vanderer-98" equipped with the engine "Zachs". Since 1952, KMZ began to manufacture heavy M-72 motorcycles, and there stopped mopeds. The scale of production of "Kievanin" was small: in 1951, 14.4 thousand mopeds took off from the conveyor.

In parallel with the Motorbian K1B on KMZ since 1947, his three-wheeled modification for the disabled were produced. She was called K1vAnd she had only one, left rear wheel.

At the Riga Motion Plant "Sarkan Zvyagzne" in 1958 a moped was developed " Spiridithis"(" Boy with finger ") with a 60 cubic engine. cm.

The car was small, mainly due to the engine, and did not go to the series. As a solution, a license was purchased for the Czech 50-cubic engine "Java", whose production mastered the plant in Solauye. Under the new engine, the moped was created by the Riga developers.

Photos from the site: oldschool-mc.ru

who launched into mass production in 1961. The moped turned out to be pretty light - 45 kg. Two-stroke engine with a working volume of 49.8 cubic meters. See, equipped with a two-stage gearbox, developed the power of 1.5 hp, which made it possible to develop the maximum speed of 40 km / h.

In 1965, the moped "Riga-1" changed the new model "",

Photos from the site: moped-balaachna.do.am

equipped with an upgraded engine of Shaulian production Sh-51. Power 2 hp Externally, the moped "Riga-3" was not very different from its predecessor, unless the modified shape of the tank, the seat of the custoded type and the frame with the elongated tail part. Riga-3 turned out to be more powerful "Riga-1" by almost 30%, it is easier for 2 kg and accelerated to 50 km / h.

From 1970 to 1974, the engineering motion produced "" with the engine Sh-52. with a capacity of 2.2 hp ..

Photos from the site: moped-balaachna.do.am

This model was very similar to Riga-3 and differed only with a small change in the facing of the body and entering new technical solutions in the design: the electroshem has changed (the high-voltage transformer has been added), the design of the plates for wheels and chains, the design of the gearbox gearbox, trunk, The new wheels of the smaller diameter are installed, and the speedometer drive was carried out from the engine.

Photos from the site: adengo.ru

This model in its dimensions was really "mini": it was easily placed on the roof or in the trunk of a car, in the elevator, on the balcony or in the utility room of a residential building. Handles of the steering wheel, if you release the clamping colts, it was possible to turn down, reducing almost twice the height of the machine. With the same purpose, a device for lowering the saddle was provided. In the first years of release, the moped had no rear shock absorbers.

"Riga-26" put the engine B-50 with manual transmission or engine B-501 - With foot switching. Power in B-50 or B-501 was the same - 1.8 hp ..

A little later on this mokik began to install Czechoslovak production engines with a horizontal position of the cylinder, much more reliable, as well as the shifting gear. Maximum design speed "Riga-26" - 40km / hour.

Mini Mokik "Stella" RMZ-2.136 (RMZ-2.136-01) Different from "Riga-26" chassis. Mokik was put in-50 or in-501 engines, later - B-50m and B-501m. - Power 2.0 hp Moss Mokka - 54 kg, speed - 40km / hour.

In the mid-80s, Sarkan Zvyagzne also began to produce mokik Delta RMZ-2.124 (RMZ-2.124-01).

Photos from the site: moped-balaachna.do.am

Installed on Mokik all the same engines B-50 or B-501. And the maximum design speed was the same as "Riga-26" and "Stella" - 40km / hour.

The first heavy mopder created on the Lviv Moto Plant became released in 1967, moped "MP-043" Unified by the frame with a slight mopder "MP-044". At MP-043, the same engine was established that "Sarkan Zvyagzne" was put on Riga-3 - S-51 with a capacity of 2 hp with a two-stage gearbox.

In 1969, a new model "" came to change "MP-043"

Again, unified on the frame with the simultaneously produced light mopder "MP-045".

It must be said that the angular forms of "MP-043" and "MP-046" did not cause a large delight of buyers who preferred heavy mopeds of the Motosabe Riga Motion.

The situation has changed with the beginning of the moped "Verkhovyna-3" (MP-048).

Photos from the site: minsk-scooter.by

The moped design was significantly changed. The moped began to resemble a small motorcycle. At the "Verkhovyunu-3", they set the same engine - sh-51k, as for "MP-046", but instead of Magdino M-102, which controlled the ignition from previous models of mopeds, the ignition generator M-420 was installed, equipped with remote high-voltage transformer. This improvement made it possible to significantly increase the reliability of the ignition system, due to the fact that with this design, the ignition coil is not exposed to heat from the operating engine.
In general, it can be said that the first model of the "Verkhovykh" turned out to be quite successful. The buyer attracted both an interesting appearance of the moped and a rather high level of its reliability. Therefore, the demand for "Verkhovyun-3" was large enough, and all the development of models of "Verkhovyna" and then went to the direction given to the very first modification. It is still worth mentioning that the first model has already been produced, except for the standard, in the tourist version - with luggage bags and windshield.

"Verkhovina-4" (LMZ-2-152) was produced on LMZ since 1972. The moped received a more comfortable saddle, a slightly modified tank, the engine W-52.

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

it was produced since 1974 and was distinguished by a strongly modified appearance. The moped received a horizontal tank with a capacity of 7 liters, another trunk, a new front fork. The moped was installed the engine W-57.

In 1978 they began to release "Verkhovin-6" (LMZ-2.158) With a few modified design and engine W-57, and later - sh-58 with a kickstarter.

In addition to the basic model, release was also started "Verkhovny-6-Sport"and "Verkhovny-6-tourist". "Verkhovy 6-Sport" was distinguished by the upper arrangement of the muffler, the driving of a cross-type with a jumper and anterorable front wheel shield. The "Verkhovy 6-Tourist" had a wind shield and two spacious luggage bags behind the driver's saddle.

One of the "Verkhovin-6" became a two million moped (!) Lviv motosair.

"Verkhovyna-7" (LMZ-2.159) - The last of the "Verkhovin" - was produced from April 1981. A new front plug was installed on the moped, new, more powerful, lighting and a new trunk. At the "Verkhovyunu-7" put the deformed She-62 (m), and later - in-50. The maximum design velocity of the moped was reduced to 40 km / h.

In the spring of 1981, there was no less significant for the history of Lviv Motosable model - Mokik "Carpathians" (LMZ-2.160),

Photos from the site: dyr4ik.ru

and in 1986 Mokik was released "Karpaty-2" (LMZ-2.161). Both Mokka "Carpathians", in the development of which a branch of VNIITE in Leningrad took part, was equipped with an EC-58 or W-62 engine with a non-contact ignition system.

If we talk about the external differences between the mops "Verkhovyna-7" and "Carpathians", then the most obvious is a form of frame, a tank, silencer and side casing with "Carpath". The developers have increased the service life of a new model: Mokka's warranty mileage "Carpathians" amounted to 8000 km (the "Verkhovyna-7" was 6,000), and the resource before the first overhaul is up to 18,000 km compared with 15,000 km from the "Verkhovin". As with the "Verkhovyna-6", the Mokka "Carpathians" also had similar modifications - moped "Carpathian tourist" and youth moped "Carpathians-Sport". Subsequently, a moped was still produced "Carpathians-2-Suite", the distinctive feature of which was indicators of rotation.

In 1988, Lviv Motiosavo produced 123 thousand mopeds. Once the volume of production of this plant was twice as much, however, in the second half of the 80s it was necessary to reduce the production of 50-cubic machines due to falling demand and actively develop new models to attract buyers. A new model LMZ-2.164 was developed. In 1990, the Serpukhov Research Institute of Motorcycle Buildings constructed a new modern model of the D-51 engine with a petal valve on the inlet and the automatic centrifugal clutch, which was supposed to be installed on the new models of Lviv mopeds, but the engine did not go to the series ...

The collapse of a single country led to the death of Lviv motion. Now in its territory, the sports complex "Inter-Sport", as well as many small firms that do not have any relations to mopeds.

Summing up the Soviet stage of the history of domestic motorious construction, it can be noted that in the 60s - 70s, the moped was among the most affordable vehicles for the country's population. Mopeds were produced by millions of pieces, the deficit of mopeds in the trading network (maybe, with the exception of individual models) has never been. Mopeds were also available at the price. For example, in 1975, Moped "Riga-7" cost 112 rubles, Riga-12 - 186 rubles, "Verkhovyven-5" - 196 - 198 rubles (depending on the configuration). For comparison - the price of the Motor Collera "Electron" was 270 rubles, Minsk-105 motorcycles - 330 rubles, "Sunrise-2" - about 420 rubles, etc. Two-wheeled motorcycles, especially mopeds, could acquire any worker.

It is curious that overtaking the company FRG and France, which began the beginning of the mass production of small motorcycons, by the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, we took the third place in the world (after Japan and Italy) for the production of mopeds and began to supply them to the external market (for example, in Hungary, Poland, Angola, Bangladesh, in Cuba and even in Italy). (M. Leonov, how to be a youth mopdid?, "Technique - youth", № 3, 1983, p. 48).

The only plant in the Russian Federation is currently massive-producing heavy mopeds of domestic development, this is the name of the name of Diegeeva in the city of Kovrov. Back in the 90s, the company began to produce mokik sports type Zid-50 "pilot".

Photos from the site: Scooter-Club.ru

Mokik with a dry weight of 81 kg is equipped with a two-stroke engine with a volume of 49.9 cubic meters. CM with a power of 3.5 hp The engine has a three-step gearbox. Maximum design speed (according to documents) - 50 km / h. Really, the moped accelerates to 70 km / h, which is not surprising with such engine parameters. Later was developed modification of the "pilot" - mokik Zid-50-01 "Active"

Photos from the site: portal.localka.ru

with modified design. In recent years, both on the "pilot" and on the "asset", along with the two-stroke, began to install Chinese four-stroke engines LIFAN 1P39FMB-Cand Lifan 1p39qmb. volume of 49.5 cubic meters. cm and with a capacity of 3.4 hp

With the Chinese "four-story" plant began to produce a scooter. it "Zide" - "Lifan".

Unfortunately, the "pilots" and "assets" with the Chinese engine are significantly more expensive than similarly Chinese models.

On the "Zide" an attempt was also made by the release of mokika small class Ziid-36 "Ptah". Mokik weighed only 35 kg, was equipped with a two-stroke engine with a two-stage gearbox with a volume of 36.3 cubic meters. cm and 1.5 hp. Maximum design speed "Ptakhi" was 30 km / h. (Really it was possible to overclock up to 45 km / h).

Alas, the demand for Ptahu was significantly lower than on the "pilot".
In addition to the scooter with the Chinese engine "Lifan", Zide still developed a scooter in 2000 "ZDK-2.205" - "Arkan".

The curb mass of the scooter was 100 kilograms, it was installed double saddle and steps for the passenger. A large number of scooter details was unified with a mokik "Pilot". "Arkan" had an engine with a capacity of 3.5 hp, a requoteled fan with a mechanical drive, an electric starter, a separate lubrication system. Transmission - with manual clutch, 3-speed KP and a chain drive on the wheel, remained similar to "pilot". Total released 500 "Arkanov", after which the production was discontinued.

Vyatsko-Polyan Machine-Building Plant "Hammer", in Soviet times produced electronic engine "Electron", in 1998 he began to produce scooter VMZ-2.503 "Streach"

Photos from the site: DRIVE2.RU

with a two-stroke engine "Simson". His capacity of 3.7 hp (at 5500 rpm) enough to accelerate the crew to 60 km / h. The engine was used to engage gear gears from the engine to the clutch, 4-speed gearbox, electronic ignition system. However, "Strege" enjoyed low demand from buyers, and soon its production was rolled.

Perhaps, in addition to competition from the cheap "favorite" Japanese scooters, a certain role was played as "Arkan" and "Strege" had mechanical gearboxes and were designed for motorists with experience. And the youth preferred a scooter with automatic clutch and variator.

At the State Unitary Enterprise "Leningrad Northern Plant" (LSZ) in 1994 was developed a moped LSZ - 1.415 "Pegasus".

It was a classical layout moped with a bike type pedal engine, a single-cylinder two-stroke engine without a gearbox, anterior telescopic fork and a rear suspension with a swing engine transmission. Engine installed on the moped D-14. 45 ccm cm and 1.8 hp The maximum design speed of Pegasus was 40 km / h.

Unfortunately, Pegasus has revealed a lot of flaws. In particular, the characteristics of the D-14 engine made a problematic troken on the motor from a place and driving at low speed. As a result, the lack of demand forced to remove the model from production.

After that, for Pegasus in 2002, an Indian engine was acquired Ankur CM-50 having automatic centrifugal clutch. The engine had a volume of 49 cubic meters. See and developed the capacity of 2.4 hp, accelerating the moped to 50 km / h. The resulting modification was named "Pegasas-31". And in 2005 was released "Pegas-33" With a kickstarter.

At St. Petersburg (Leningrad) "Red October", for many years we produced the engines of the "D" series, in the 90s, also tried to establish a release of low-intensive motorcycles with a motor D - 16.. It was collected and implemented by the population a small number of Mokikov series, "Fora-Classic" and "Fora-mini".

The engine D-16 had a volume of 49 cubic meters. cm and power 2.2 hp, reminding Salea engines installed in the old years for "heavy" "Riga" and "Verkhovykh".

However, for reasons of economic nature, the mass production of mopeds of the "Fora" series has failed.

In the late 90s, the Tula Machine-Building Plant developed Mokik.

The moped had a unique arcuate frame (like a children's park rocking chair) and anterior fork of the original design.

Experienced examples of "frigate" with different motors were manufactured: "ZID-50", "VP-50" and even, "Franco Morini" With a 4-speed gearbox. But, the moped series was not launched.

Izhevsk Plant developed the hardest of domestic mokikov IL 2.673 "Cornet".

Photos from the site: yaplakal.com

Its cutting mass exceeded 90 kg. In appearance, "the cornet is much more reminded by a powerful motorcycle, not a moped. The two-stroke engine "Cornet" had a working volume of 49.6 cubic meters. cm developed power 3 hp And it was equipped with a four-stage gearbox. The moped was released serially, entered the trading network, but soon its production was discontinued.

However, at present, Izhevsk plant collects 50 cubic "Patron King 50" licensed.

So, in an independent RF, the mass production of "heavy" mopeds could not be organized. The only exception is ziid, producing "pilots" and Izhevsk plant with licensed "Patron King".

Is the revival of mass domestic moped construction in our country? - Currently, apparently not. Cheap low-voltage motorcycles with mileage supplied predominantly from Japan and no less cheap new mopeds made in China, firmly seized the domestic market. True, in China, in recent years, the strike movement of industrial workers with the requirements of raising wages has become increasingly unfolding. Owners of foreign firms that built their plants in China, as well as home-grown Chinese capitalists forced to satisfy the requirements of the strikers. Ultimately, the wage increase in Chinese workers will likely promise an increase in the cost of their products, which will reduce its competitiveness in the global market. But will it help this Russian motorcycle?