Automobile transport, and in particular buses, in our country is traditionally the most popular type of public passenger transport. That is why the production of buses is so developed in Russia. In the 90s of the last century, due to many years economic downturn, on domestic market there was a significant decline in production volumes. This led to the expansion of used foreign-made buses of all classes, which gradually occupied a significant market share. At the present time domestic producers buses managed to restore their priority position, offering the consumer reliable and high-quality equipment that meets the highest requirements of comfort and efficiency, as well as modern environmental standards.
It should be noted that about the leading position in the domestic market bus technology are occupied by enterprises that are part of the GAZ Group. These are well-known enterprises throughout the country. PAZ, KAVZ, GolAZ, LiAZ, which together provide about 70 percent of the production of buses in our country. The indicators supported by these enterprises allow "GAZ Group" over a number of recent years be number 10 largest manufacturers buses in the global market. The bus factories that are part of the GAZ Group produce buses of all classes, fully meeting the needs modern market.
In the field of production, the traditional leader remains, which annually produces more than 12 thousand units of buses annually. PAZ buses small class are extremely in demand on the market and enjoy the widest popularity for urban and suburban transportation. most popular basic model is PAZ-3205, which today is supplied to consumers in more than 30 modifications. This is a real people's bus, which has gained popularity due to its availability and excellent technical characteristics. In addition, PAZ buses are also offered to the market in the middle class. (PAZ-4230), and in a large class (PAZ-4223, PAZ-4228, PAZ-5271, PAZ-5272).
One of the leading manufacturers is. KAVZ buses- this is the lineup, which presents 5 types of middle-class buses that meet the highest requirements of the modern market. The enterprise has developed KAVZ buses for urban, suburban and intercity transportation. Since 2002, KAVZ buses have been participating in the program " School bus", which is a confirmation high level reliability and safety of this technology.
The undisputed leaders are GolAZ buses and LiAZ buses. is a young, well-equipped enterprise using advanced world technologies. Buses GolAZ are widely used for urban and suburban transportation. Besides, comfortable buses GolAZ are used on tourist routes long distance. One of best models This manufacturer is the GolAZ-5291 tourist bus, which is assembled on the SCANIA chassis.
is one of the leading domestic enterprises. LiAZ buses today are produced on the production equipment of leading European companies. LiAZ buses- this is the widest range of machines for large and especially big class, which have the widest scope for urban, intercity and tourist transportation.

Show only vehicles - select manufacturer - KAVZ LIAZ NEFAZ PAZ ZIL GAZ GOLAZ Group Baschevrokub

In the days of the USSR, "grooves" were a familiar attribute of the urban landscape. Barrel-shaped buses carried passengers around the cities and villages of a vast country. Today Pavlovsky LLC bus factory» after modernization, it is a modern enterprise that produces demanded products.

Creation

By the 1930s, "car fever" swept the country. New automotive giants were built. Trucks and cars are becoming more common on the roads common use, displacing Mechanized vehicles began to enter the army. To service the equipment, tools and special equipment were required.

To satisfy the growing demand, the government decided to organize the work of an enterprise where body fittings and driver's tools would be produced. The town of Pavlovo was chosen as the site. It was conveniently located between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod- leading car centers country. earned on December 5, 1932, in the first year it produced products worth almost 2 million rubles.

New opportunities

After the war, having close cooperative ties with Gorky Automobile Plant, PAZ gradually switched to the assembly of buses. The first five GZA-651 left the gates of the plant on 08/05/1952. It was a single-door bonnet model based on the GAZ-51, where instead of a body it was mounted passenger compartment for 19 seats.

It took the team of the Pavlovsk Bus Plant 6 years to develop their own cabover model PAZ-652. It was a classic "pazik", which became the most recognizable bus in the USSR (before the advent of the Ikarus era). The design features are two automatic pneumatic doors, comfortable seats and increased capacity. If GZA-651 accommodated 23 people, then new model almost twice as many - 42 (23 of which are seating).

For 10 years of production (1958-1968) 62121 units were assembled. The car had high permeability and was mainly intended for various organizations to move passengers along suburban and intercity routes. However, it was also used as public urban transport.

Plant-record holder

Pavlovsky became one of the most important producers public transport in the USSR. On November 12, 1968, the factory workers were the first in the Soviet Union to apply the method of switching to a new model without stopping the main conveyor, which helped to reduce production costs and reduce changeover time.

PAZ-672 has become a development previous model. It was produced by the Pavlovsk Bus Plant until 1989. In total, more than 280,000 copies drove on the roads. Production started in 1982 upgraded version PAZ-672M. The model had great resource engine, the comfort of the cabin was improved, the reliability of the power steering was increased, the optics were redesigned. In total, there were more than 20 modifications and versions, including the all-wheel drive version.

In market conditions

Even before the collapse of the USSR (in 1989), the Pavlovsk Bus Plant put on the conveyor a new model PAZ-3205, which is still being produced today. She was destined to become the most popular in the 90s. Appearance and specifications small class buses have not changed much. In general, the design has become more modern, the reliability of the motor and the main components has been increased. In 2014, the model was restyled. On this moment about 145,000 PAZ-3205 units were produced. The designers created about 30 modifications for all occasions:

• single-door;
• two-door;
• passenger;
• cargo-passenger;
• for persons with disabilities;
• VIP and deluxe options;
• in the northern version;
• school;
• isothermal;
• all-wheel drive and others.

Our days

Since 2000, PAZ has accelerated the development modern buses, releasing models of various classes. Among them: PAZ-4228, PAZ-4223, PAZ-4234, PAZ-4230 "Aurora", PAZ-5271, PAZ-5272, PAZ-5220. An important step was the creation of the first Russian low-floor city bus PAZ-3237.

Today the company is developing by leaps and bounds. The financial statements of Pavlovsky Bus Plant LLC indicate good financial performance. For example, in 2015, profit increased by 5%, amounting to 318 million rubles. In 2009, PAZ-3204 won the title of "Best russian bus small class." This became possible thanks to the large-scale modernization of production, carried out since 2006.

According to the Swot-analysis of the Pavlovsk Bus Plant, the enterprise remains a key one for the economy of the city of Pavlovo. In fact, it is a city-forming and makes an invaluable contribution to the development of the region. PAZ, despite the difficult economic situation 90s early 2000s, was able to keep production capacity in full. Every working day, up to 42 units of equipment roll off the assembly line.

Pavlovsk Automobile Plant assembles about 80% of city buses in Russia and is one of the largest auto enterprises in the country with rich manufacturing experience. In terms of output, it is among the top 10 leading global manufacturers.

Bus of a small class of rural communication. PAZ-3205 has been produced by the Pavlovsk Bus Plant since 1987. Body - wagon type, load-bearing structure, 3-door (one door for the driver, one for passengers and one emergency). The layout of the seats is 4-row. Units - respectively cars and. Engine location - front. The driver's seat is adjustable for length, cushion tilt and weight. The heating system is air, using the heat of the engine cooling system. Modification - PAZ-32051 with two passenger doors, the number of seats is 24, the total number of seats is 35.

Engine.

Maud. ZMZ-672-11, petrol, V-arr. (900), 8 cyl., 92.x80 mm, 4.25 l, compression ratio 7.6, operating order 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8; power 88.3 kW (120 hp) at 3200-3400 rpm; torque 284.5 Nm (29 kgf-m) at 2000-2500 rpm; carburetor K-135; air filter inertial oil.

Transmission.

Clutch - single disc, shutdown drive - hydraulic. Gearbox 4-speed, trans. numbers: I-6.65; II-3.09; III-1.71; IV-1.00; ZX-7.77; synchronizers - in III and IV gears. Transfer case (for PAZ-3206) 2-speed. transferred numbers: 1-1.963; 11-1.00. Cardan gear: for PAZ-3205 it consists of two shafts with an intermediate support; PAZ-3206 has three cardan gears: from the engine to the transfer case and from transfer box to the bridges. main gear- single, hypoid, transmitted. number 6.83.

Wheels and tires.

Wheels - disk, rims 6.0B-20 with onboard rings, fastening on 6 hairpins. Tires 8.25R20 (240R508), on PAZ-3205 - mod.K-84 or KI-63, NS - 10, tread pattern - universal, pressure, kgf / cm. sq. : mod. K-84 - front 6.0, rear 5.0; Maud. KI-63 - front 6.1, rear 5.0. On PAZ-3206 - tires mod. K-55A; NS - 10, tread pattern - universal, pressure, kgf/cm. sq. : front 6.0, rear 4.3. The number of wheels is 6+1.

Suspension.

Dependent, front - on semi-elliptical springs, two shock absorbers, rear - the same, with corrective springs, the bottom of the shock absorber. On PAZ-3206 front and rear suspension- with anti-roll bar.

Brakes.

The working brake system is double-circuit, with: pneumohydraulic drive, drum mechanisms (diameter 380 mm, lining width 100 mm), unclamping - cam. Parking brake- transmission - drum, drive - mechanical. Spare brake - one of the circuits of the working brake system. The pressure in the pneumatic drive of the brakes is 5.2-5.5 kgf / cm. There is a safety lock against freezing of condensate.

Steering.

Maud. MAZ-5336-34000 10-60, steering gear - propeller with ball nut and sector, the hydraulic booster is transferred. number 23.55, no. pressure in the amplifier 65-70 kg/cm. sq. Steering wheel play with power steering up to 150.

Electrical equipment.

Voltage 12 V, acc. 6ST-105EMS battery, G287 generator with built-in rectifier and RR132 voltage regulator, ST230-A starter, R133-B distributor, TK1 02 transistor switch, B116 ignition coil, A11-3 spark plugs. Fuel tank:
PAZ-3205 - 105l;
PAZ-3206 - 150l, gasoline A-76;
cooling system - 25l, water or antifreeze A-40;
engine lubrication system - 10 l, all-weather M-8B, or M6 / 10V, in winter ASZp-6;
steering gear housing 1.5 l, TAP-15V;
power steering system - 3.2 l, all-weather grade P oil, substitutes: turbine grade T in summer, spindle AC in winter;
gearbox - Zl, TAP-15V or TSp-15K;
transfer box - 1.5 l, TAP-15V or TSp-15K;
rear axle housing - 8.2 l, TSp-14gip;
crankcase front axle- 7.7 l, TSp-14GIP;
hydraulic brake and clutch drive system - 1.47 l, brake fluid"Tom";
shock absorbers - 4x0.475 l, AZh-12T;
windshield washer reservoir - 2 l, liquid NIISS-4 mixed with water;
brake system anti-freeze protection - 0.2 l, industrial alcohol.

Mass of aggregates (in kg)

Engine with equipment and clutch - 304,

Cardan shafts:
PAZ-3205-27,
PAZ-3206-41.5,

Gearbox - 56,
transfer box - 48.5,

Front axle:
PAZ-3205 - 195;
PAZ-3206 - 365,

rear axle - 270,
body - 2100,
wheel complete with tire - 80,
radiator - 18.5.

SPECIFICATIONS

Capacity:
number of seats	28
total number of seats	36
number of offices	1
Curb weight	4830 kg.
Including:
to the front axle	2170 kg.
on rear axle	2660 kg.
Full mass	7460 kg.
Including:
to the front axle	2770 kg.
on the rear axle	4690 kg.
Max speed	80 km/h
Acceleration time up to 60 km/h	35 s.
Max climbable	20 %
Overrun from 50 km/h	610 m
Stopping distance from 60 km/h	32.1 m
Control fuel consumption at 60 km/h, l/100 km	23 l.
Turning radius:
on the outer wheel	7.6 m
overall	8.5 m