Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten number 97 Bee"
with the priority implementation of the cognitive and speech development of children.
Lesson summary
on traffic rules on the topic:
Work completed
Educators of the senior group number 7
Naberezhnye Chelny, 2012
INTRODUCTION
(From the history of the creation of public urban transport)
1. Bus
What is the bus for?
When we need to go to kindergarten, to work, to visit, we get on the bus. The bus is accessible to any person, therefore they are public transport. Public transport means transport for all.
At the bus stop pandemonium:
People are looking forward to the bus.
People need to get to work -
Everyone fit into the hunt bus.
It's just a shame that the transport is gasoline
All will not enter: it, alas, is not rubber!
What does a bus look like?
The word "bus" means "multi-seat". Outwardly, it looks like a large wagon on wheels with windows and doors. The inside of the bus is equipped so that people are comfortable in it.
You can ride the bus either sitting or standing. For seated passengers, rows of seats are located near the windows. For those who are standing, there are crossbars - handrails so that you can hold onto them and not fall while driving. Buses that travel to other cities or abroad may have a TV, toilet and other additional amenities. You can often see the so-called "double bus" or "accordion bus" on the roads. This is one of the types of road train.
What kind of buses are there?
Depending on the route, buses are urban, suburban, intercity and special. Urban buses run around the city, suburban take people out of town or work out of town. On intercity on buses, passengers can get to other cities or go abroad. Special buses can take, for example, children to a summer camp or a construction team to work.
How does the bus work?
This type of public transport usually travels along a specific route. When a bus arrives, we usually look at its windshield. If, for example, we see the number 37, then the bus is following route 37.
The bus stops after certain sections of the route. At each stop, the driver presses a special button to open the doors. After some passengers have left and others have entered, the chauffeur closes the doors of the bus and drives to the next stop.
In a city bus, as a rule, it works conductor who sells tickets. If there is no conductor, then the passenger is obliged to buy a ticket from the driver and punch it with a special device called a composter.
Sometimes a controller gets on the bus. He checks if passengers have tickets or validated tickets. Free riders must pay the controller a certain fine.
Minibus.
The word "micro" means "small". A minibus is a small bus.
A minibus can accommodate fewer people than a bus, but more than a passenger car, so it is used as a minibus. This type of transport is called "minibus". The minibus carries passengers on a specific route, and not to any place like a taxi.
"Minibus" travels faster than a regular bus. The bus must stop at any stop in order to let passengers in or out, and the minibus must stop even when asked by the people traveling in it.
2. Tram and his family.
It was hard to live without a tram in a big city. But big cities began to appear several centuries ago.
And what then did the townspeople ride?
First, the omnibus was invented - a large multi-seat carriage. The word "omnibus" is Latin, it means "for everyone." Omnibuses are long gone, but the word has proved to be tenacious. A piece of it - "bus" lives in the names of today's cars: "trolleybus", "bus".
When the Russian scientist Boris Semenovich Yakobi invented the electric motor in 1837, he tried to adapt it to transport people. Soon an electric trailer was ready, running on rails. A person could get into the trailer. True, it fit there with difficulty: almost all the space was occupied by batteries. Jacobi calculated that such a trailer with batteries is 12 times more expensive than a steam locomotive!
Almost forty years passed before the first power plants appeared. Now it was no longer necessary to carry expensive batteries, and in 1879 the first tram appeared.
The word "tram" came to us from England. Only it is pronounced there "tram-wei". "Tram" - "carriage", "wei" - "way". "Tram-way" - "a carriage walking on tracks, on rails."
And yet it is being replaced by a trolleybus. What does this word mean? The ending "beads" is part of the word "omnibus" - "carriage for all." And "trolls" are "contact wire". The trolleybus, like the tram, is powered by electric current from the contact wires suspended above the street. But trolleybuses have no rails.
The trolleybus rolls softly, almost inaudibly, on its rubber tires. He seems to be walking in his soft slippers, and the tram, no matter how hard they try to calm him down, rattles with its wheels, like forged boots.
If one tram gets damaged on the way, stops on the line, all trams will follow it. They are in good working order, but they cannot go - the line is busy. And the trolleybus will be rolled aside, disconnected from the wires - and the path is clear.
It is much cheaper and easier to run a trolleybus in the city than a tram. After all, a trolleybus does not need rails. True, he needs not one contact wire, but two. But all the same - it is much easier to hang the second wire than to lay the rails. Therefore, more and more trolleybuses appear not only in large, but also in small cities.
But why did such a good car not appear immediately? The trolleybus is almost the same age as the tram. The first experimental trolleybus was built in 1882. Only experiments with him were unsuccessful. There were no rubber inflatable tires at that time, the wheels of the first trolleybus were the same as those of the cart. And the streets in the cities were paved with cobblestones. On the cobblestone pavement, a high-speed trolleybus bounced and swayed like a cart rushing down a mountain. It is clear that at the same time his pantographs jumped off the wires all the time. And no matter how hard the engineers fought, they could not help this grief.
The tram won. His carriage rolled smoothly on the rails, the arc did not jump off the wire. And the trolleybus was ridiculed like the ugly duckling in Andersen's tale.
But fifty years passed - and the streets of big cities were covered with smooth asphalt. Cars on elastic tires rolled silently and smoothly over them. And then it was finally time for the trolleybus. On a good road, it seemed better than a tram. Walking around the city, you notice that the railway lines are crossing the asphalt road. They, like snakes, wriggling, run away into the distance. But these are not snakes at all - they are rails. Electric wires are stretched over the rails. Before us is the city railway - tram lines.
On them, loudly knocking wheels, a tram drives up to the stop - another type of city public transport.
So that we do not go on foot,
There are tram lines.
Let's go to the stop
And we'll wait for the tram.
What does a tram look like?
Tram and trolleybus are similar to each other. They are both powered by electricity from wires stretched over the road. But if the arcs with which the trolleybus clings to the wires are similar to the antennae of a butterfly or horns, then the arc of the tram resembles a bent hand with which it firmly holds an electric wire.
Externally, both types of transport are wagons on wheels, however, a tram can consist of several wagons connected
between themselves.
If the wheels of a trolleybus are "shod" in rubber tires, as it drives on asphalt, then the tram has iron wheels, therefore they knock so loudly on the rails.
Inside the tram, like a trolleybus and a bus, the same rows of seats and handrails are the same to hold onto. It works the same way: letting in and out of passengers at stops, hurries on, rattling wagons.
3. Trolleybus.
What does a trolleybus look like?
One little girl, seeing an unfamiliar vehicle, said to her friend: "Look, what a funny bus - with mustache like a butterfly!"
Her friend, the same little girl, objected: "These are not antennae at all, but horns, they hold on to the wires!"
The mode of transport that the friends mistook for a horned bus is called trolleybus. Only on the roof it does not have antennae or horns, but arches. With these arcs, the trolleybus clings to the wires, and through them an electric current flows to its engine.
The trolleybus is moving forward
Holding onto the wires.
He takes people slowly,
Sighing sometimes.
What are the similarities and differences between a trolleybus and a bus?
The bus can go wherever there is a road, the trolleybus moves only where the electric wires are stretched. The bus is powered by gasoline, while the trolleybus is powered by electricity. Inside, the trolleybus differs little from the bus. Like the bus, the trolleybus is a public transport.
The speed of the trolleybus is not as high as that of the bus, but thanks to the electric motor, this type of transport does not pollute the air with exhaust gases.
4. Metro.
What is the metro for?
On the roads of big cities different cars hurry about their business. Everyone needs to get somewhere urgently: big heavy trucks, special vehicles, and nimble cars. Public transport - buses, trolleybuses, trams - is also in a hurry to dissolve passengers. But the trouble is: there is a lot of transport, but there is only one road! Not all cars fit on it! So there are congestions. They are also called corks. Cars caught in such a traffic jam move at the speed of a turtle, or even stand still. There is also public transport. As a result, everyone is late.
And this is where METRO comes to the rescue of overloaded buses, trolleybuses and trams. Since most of the people go underground and get to the desired place by metro, it becomes more spacious on city roads. As a result, everyone is happy.
I go underground
I look and wonder:
All around it is beautiful and light
As at home, dry and warm.
What is Metro?
METRO is a type of railway transport that transports passengers underground. Underground trains are powered by electricity. The word "metro" comes from the full word "metro", which means "city", "metropolitan".
In our country, there are several cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan.
Software content
Educational: Provide during the lesson the repetition and consolidation of the following concepts: "public transport", "bus", "tram", "trolleybus", "metro".
Form the following skills:
Avoid public city transport correctly
Behave correctly on the bus, trolleybus and tram.
Developing: Promote the development of will and resilience to learning through problem solving.
Develop interest in learning through the introduction of play situations.
Continue the formation of the ability to compare, generalize, analyze.
Educational: Promote moral education, with a focus on ethical standards.
Course of the lesson:
In the hall on the floor there is a diagram of an intersection with crossings, plane traffic lights, bus and tram stops are indicated.
Educator: - Children, look what they sent us. This is the invitation, let's read it:
My dear friends!
I invite you to my birthday!
Drive to my house
you can on city
public transport.
Don't forget about the traffic rules!
Your friend Owl.
Guys, what is “urban public transport”?
Children: People use this transport.
Educator: Yes, guys, public transport is a technical means of transporting people within the city and outside the city, which are under state (departmental) subordination.
What about public transport?
Children: Bus, trolleybus.
Educator: Yes, and we also forgot the tram and metro. These are all urban public transport. Look at the picture and guess what kind of transport is superfluous here?
Children: Airplane, ship and car.
Educator: That's right, now name the remaining species.
Children: Tram, bus, trolley and metro.
Educator: Now I will ask you a riddle, listen:
The house goes down the street
Everyone is lucky to work,
Not on thin chicken legs,
And in rubber boots.
Children: Bus.
Educator: Oh, guys, look who is this? It's a donkey. What are you embarrassed and upset about? Tell me, donkey, what happened to you?
Once in a big and noisy city,
I was confused, I was lost ...
Not knowing the traffic lights
I almost got hit by a car!
Around cars and trams,
Then suddenly the bus is on the way.
To be honest, I don't know
How can I cross the road.
Guys, can you help me,
And, if possible, tell us
How can I get to the bus,
And the path to go with you.
I'm in a hurry for my birthday
Congratulate the wise Owl.
Educator:
If you are going to visit
To the zoo or to the cinema
Make friends with this sign
You have to do it all the same.
You won't get there without it
Neither the bus nor the tram!
So, you will go on foot ...
Guess the road sign!
Children: Public transport stop.
Educator: Yes, we will wait for the bus at this stop. Guys, how do you get on the bus?
Children: You need to enter the bus through the back door and exit through the front door.
Educator: Well done, let's go.
Now we are on the bus, look at the crossword puzzle here. Let us solve it.
Crossword.
1. Our friend is right there
He will finish everyone in five minutes.
Hey sit down, don't yawn
Go ………………
2. Place of the carriageway,
where to go
the street.
3. Knows firmly children -
on the road, by the road
prohibited ………… ...
4. "Bagel" of the car.
5. Houses stand in two rows,
10,20,100 in a row
And square eyes
They look at each other.
6. The man behind the wheel.
7. Fee for violation
Road traffic regulations.
8. What a miracle blue house
The windows are glowing all around
Wears rubber shoes
And it feeds on gasoline.
9. I blink my eyes
Relentlessly night and day
I help cars
And I want to help you.
10. Type of road surface.
11. A strip of land is part of a road.
12. Two brothers run away,
The two are catching up.
Crossword answers:
1. Tram. 2. Transition. 3. The game. 4. The steering wheel. 5. Street. 6. Driver.
7. Penalty. 8. Bus. 9. Traffic light. 10. Crushed stone. 11. Roadside.
12. Wheels.
(children solve the crossword puzzle together with the teacher)
Well done. And look, what word did we get?
Children: The traffic controller.
(a policeman comes out - traffic controller)
Policeman - traffic controller:
Policeman's post
It is very important and not easy.
Who makes sure that everything is on the way
They knew how to behave!
Educator: Do the guys know how to behave on the streets of the city? Tell me how to get around the bus and trolleybus?
Children: The bus and trolleybus must be bypassed from behind so that you can see the cars.
What is, guess:
Not a bus, not a tram.
Doesn't need gasoline
At least the wheels are on rubber.
Children: Trolleybus.
Educator: But before we sit down, let's remember the rules of conduct in public transport.
1. After landing, go ahead, do not linger on the steps and on the landing near the doors.
2. Don't distract the driver.
3. In the cabin, hold on to the handrails, do not interfere with the passage of passengers, prepare in advance to exit.
4. When exiting, do not fuss or push.
In the meantime, we are going with you, we will have a little rest. (physical minute)
Trolleybus, trolleybus is running, buzzing. (children run in place)
The chauffeur sits in this trolleybus. (portrayed as driving)
The trolleybus, the trolleybus is full of children (tilts)
Let's go, the children are looking out the window. (showing the window with their hands).
(guys get off the trolley)
Educator:
Outside the window early
Knock and ringing and confusion.
On straight steel tracks
There are blue houses.
Children: Tram.
Educator: Look Winnie - Pooh. Let's ask where he is going.
Winnie the Pooh:
"I'm waiting for you on the name day, -
Owl wrote to me, -
Get on the tram, you will get there right away,
Just remember, don't yawn
Follow the rules! "
Educator: The guys and I are also going to the good Owl, we will go together. Only for some reason our tram does not run. Tell me guys, what is missing in our tram?
Children: The tram has no arcs.
Educator: Right, guys, the tram and trolleybus are powered by electricity using wires stretched over the road. But if the arcs with which the trolleybus clings to the wires are similar to the antennae of a butterfly or horns, then the arc of the tram resembles a bent hand with which it firmly holds an electric wire. Inside the tram, like the trolleybus and bus, the same rows of seats and handrails are the same to hold onto.
Guys, what is the difference between a tram and a trolleybus?
Children: A tram can consist of several cars, and a trolley bus is one.
Educator: The trolleybus has rubber tires, but the tram?
Children: At the tram they are made of iron, that's why they knock on the rails so loudly.
Educator: So we arrived, children, but how should you bypass the tram?
Children: The tram must be bypassed in front.
Educator: Look, the Owl is already waiting for us. Let us congratulate her in unison.
(Congratulations to Owl in unison).
Owl: Thank you kids, how glad I am that you got to me. And on what did you get to me?
Children: By bus, trolleybus, tram.
Owl: Listen and guess what kind of public urban transport we are talking about:
The lights are burning underground.
Palaces stand underground.
A miracle rushes under the earth.
Sit down and you can ride.
Children: Metro.
Owl: Right. What new have you learned about urban public transport today?
(children's answers are heard)
These traffic rules
Obey without a doubt.
You, my friend, trust them
You will be safe and sound!
(At the end of the lesson, a tea party is organized, during which games on traffic rules are held).
Annex 1
ROAD RULES GAMES.
1. The game "TRAM"
Children stand along the wall of the room or the side of the platform in a column in pairs, holding each other's hand. With their free hand, they hold on to a cord, the ends of which are tied (one child is held with his right hand, the other with his left). The teacher is in one of the corners of the room and holds in his hand three colored flags - yellow, green, red. The teacher raises the green flag - the children are running - "driving". Having reached the teacher, they look, if the color has changed, the movement of the children changes.
If there are a lot of people interested, you can make a stop where the children sit and wait for the tram to arrive. Approaching a stop, it slows down and stops, some passengers get out, others come in. The teacher raises the green flag: "Let's go!"
You can replace the tram with a bus or trolleybus.
2. STOP game
At a distance of 10-16 steps from the border of the site, a line (initial) is drawn, on which the players stand close to each other. At the opposite end of the site, the place of the driver is outlined in a circle (with a diameter of 2-3 steps). Turning his back to the players, the driver says loudly: “Walk fast, don't yawn! Stop!". With these words, all the players move towards the leader. As soon as the driver said the word "Stop!", Everyone stops, the driver quickly looks around. The one who did not have time to stop in time after the word "Stop!" and made an additional movement, the driver returns to the original line. Then he again turns his back to the players and says: "Step quickly ..." and so on. Everyone continues to move from the place where they were caught by the stop signal. Those that have returned to the starting line start moving from there.
This continues until one of the players comes close to the driver and stands in the circle before the driver says "stop!" The one who managed to do this becomes the driver.
3. COLORED CARS game
Children are placed along the wall of the room or along the edge of the playground. They are cars. Each of the players is given a flag of any color (optional) or a colored circle, a ring. The teacher stands facing the players in the center of the room (playground). He holds three colored flags in his hand. The teacher raises a flag of some color. All children with a flag of this color run across the playground (in any direction), they hum as they go, imitating a car. When the teacher lowers the flag, the children stop and each head to his garage. Then the teacher raises a flag of a different color and the game resumes.
The caregiver can raise one, two, or all three flags together, and then all cars leave their garages.
If the children do not see that the flag is down, the teacher complements the visual signal with the words: "The cars (names the color) have stopped."
The teacher can replace the color signal with a verbal one (for example: "Blue cars are leaving," "Blue cars are returning home").
Appendix 2
Riddles about the road order.
1. The house goes down the street,
Everyone is lucky to work,
Not on thin chicken legs,
And in rubber boots.
(bus)
2. What is, guess:
Not a bus, not a tram,
Doesn't need gasoline
At least the wheels are on rubber.
(trolleybus)
3. Our friend is right there
He will finish everyone in five minutes.
Hey sit down, don't yawn
Heading off ………….
(tram)
4. Underground lights are on.
Palaces stand underground.
A miracle rushes underground.
Sit down and you can ride.
Appendix 3
FAIRY TALE
"What is a trolleybus and a tram for?
hold on to the wires with your "hands"? "
Early in the morning a trolleybus was driving through the city. I held on with my long "arms" - rods to the wires that stretched over the street, and rode. I was in a hurry. Apparently, he was afraid that people would be late because of him for work. I wanted to, I could even overtake passing cars. But the trolleybus stopped every now and then - to drop some passengers, to take others with them, and therefore lagged behind everyone.
Suddenly, something rattled on its roof, immediately a bell flooded in the driver's cab, and the trolleybus stopped in the middle of the road.
Why aren't we going? - the passengers were worried, glancing at their watches.
The boom jumped off the wires, said the driver. - Nothing, citizens, do not worry, please, I will quickly fix everything!
He opened the automatic door, went out into the street, untied the rope behind his car, pulled the trolleybus "arm" that had jumped to the side with it, again pressed it to the wire, got behind the wheel and rolled on.
The trolleybus must always hold on to the wires with its “hands”. At least one wire will let go - and not from a place. In this it is no different from a table lamp. She also needs two wires to shine. If one breaks, the lamp will go out.
In the lamp, the electric current heats up the spiral hair, and here it makes the electric motor work, which turns the wheels of the trolleybus.
The tram also holds onto the wire, but with one single "hand" - the arc for one single wire. The tram has no second. How so? And so. After all, he has rails. Having worked its way out in the motor, the current goes into the rails, and through them - into the ground.
Tram and trolleybus are two siblings. One is older, the other is younger. I have been a tram for over a hundred years. It's electric. Before the electric one, people were transported by another tram.
Rails ran along the street. Between them the horses in harness ran at a trot and pulled the trailer behind them. Isn't it a tram? A real horse tram. And his name was appropriate - horse.
Electricity was invented - the tram was given an electric motor. Horses - to the stable, to the trailer - an electric motor - and let's go! The carriage rolled and rumbled at full speed on steel rails with steel wheels. On a sharp bend, the tram wheels rattled all over the area.
The younger brother of the tram is much quieter, much quieter. Rubber wheels run on the smooth asphalt a little rustling: shh-shh.
A tram breaks down - a long line of other trams lines up behind it. Where you go - there is only one way, and that one is busy! And if the trolleybus breaks down, the driver immediately presses both of its rods to the roof, yielding to others: they say, go through, go through, I’m not a hindrance to you!
But the tram still doesn't want to give up:
Ah, don't you like my noisy disposition? Well, I'll put rubber clothes on the most thundering parts - I will ride without a rumble!
Oh, you don't like my unprepossessing appearance - I'll dress up more smartly!
Oh, you didn't like my hard seats? Get others - soft, with a comfortable back!
And it rolls itself, fast, quiet, beautiful, through the streets to the delight of numerous passengers.
The birthday of this wonderful type of transport is March 25 (April 7, in a new style), 1899, when a carriage bought in Germany at the Siemens and Halske company went on its maiden voyage from Brest (now Belorussky) to Butyrsky (now Savyolovsky) railway station ... However, city transport was in Moscow before. His role was played by the ten-seater horse-drawn carriages that appeared in 1847, popularly nicknamed "rulers".
The first rail horse tram was built in 1872 to serve visitors to the Polytechnic Exhibition, and immediately fell in love with the townspeople. The horse tram car had an upper open area called the imperial, where a steep spiral staircase led. This year at the parade was presented horse car, recreated from old photographs on the basis of a preserved frame, converted into a tower for the repair of the contact network.
In 1886, a steam tram began to run from Butyrskaya Zastava to Petrovskaya (now Timiryazevskaya) Agricultural Academy, affectionately called "steam train" by Muscovites. Due to the fire hazard, he could only walk on the outskirts, and in the center cab drivers were still playing the first violin.
The first regular route of an electric tram in Moscow was laid from Butyrskaya Zastava to Petrovsky Park, and soon the tracks were even laid along Red Square. From the beginning to the middle of the XX century, the tram occupied the niche of the main public transport in Moscow. But the horse tram did not immediately leave the stage, only from 1910 the coachmen were retrained to become carriage drivers, and the conductors simply switched from a horse tram to an electric one without additional training.
From 1907 to 1912, more than 600 were delivered to Moscow cars of brand "F" (lamppost), produced at once by three factories in Mytishchi, Kolomna and Sormovo. 
At the 2014 parade showed car "F", recovered from the loading platform, with a trailed car of the MaN type ("Nuremberg").
Immediately after the revolution, the tram network fell into disrepair, passenger traffic was disrupted, the tram was used mainly to transport firewood and food. With the arrival of the NEP, the situation began to improve gradually. In 1922, 13 regular routes were put into operation, the production of passenger cars grew rapidly, and the steam train line was electrified. At the same time, the famous routes "A" (along the Boulevard Ring) and "B" (along the Sadovoye, later replaced by a trolleybus) appeared. And there were also "C" and "D", as well as the grandiose circular route "D", which did not last long.
After the revolution, the aforementioned three factories switched to the production of BF (lampless) carriages, many of which walked along Moscow streets until 1970. Participated in the parade car "BF", since 1970, has been carrying out towing work at the Sokolniki Carriage Repair Plant. 
In 1926, the first Soviet tram of the KM type (Kolomensky motor), which was distinguished by its increased capacity, got on the rails. Unique reliability allowed KM trams to remain in service until 1974.
History presented at the parade KM carriage No. 2170 is unique: it was in it that Gleb Zheglov detained pickpocket Kirpich in the television movie "The meeting place cannot be changed", the same tram flashes in "Pokrovskie gates", "The Master and Margarita", "Cold Summer of the 53rd", "The sun shines for everyone", " Legal Marriage "," Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald "," Stalin's Funeral "... 
The Moscow tram reached its peak in 1934. It transported 2.6 million people per day (with the then four million population). After the opening of the metro in 1935-1938, the volume of traffic began to decline. In 1940, a tram schedule was formed from 5:30 am to 2:00 am, which is still in effect. During the Great Patriotic War, tram traffic in Moscow was almost never interrupted, even a new line was laid in Tushino. Immediately after the Victory, work began on the transfer of tram lines from all main streets in the city center to less congested parallel streets and lanes. This process continued for many years.
For the 800th anniversary of Moscow in 1947, the Tushino plant developed MTV-82 carriage with a body unified with the MTB-82 trolleybus. 
However, due to the wide "trolleybus" dimensions, the MTV-82 did not fit into many curves, and the next year the shape of the cabin was changed, and a year later the production was transferred to the Riga Carriage Works. 
In 1960, 20 copies were delivered to Moscow tram RVZ-6... For only 6 years they were operated by the Apakovsky depot, after which they were transferred to Tashkent, which suffered from the earthquake. Shown at the parade RVZ-6 No. 222 was kept in Kolomna as a teaching aid. 
In 1959, the first batch of much more comfortable and technologically advanced Tatra T2 wagons who opened the "Czechoslovak era" in the history of the Moscow tram. The prototype of this tram was an American RCC-type carriage. It’s hard to believe, but the “Tatra” # 378 parade, which took part in the parade, was a barn for many years, and enormous efforts were required to restore it. 
In our climate, the "Czechs" T2 proved to be unreliable, and practically especially for Moscow, and then for the entire Soviet Union, the Tatra-Smikhov plant began to produce new trams T3... It was the first luxury car with a large spacious driver's cabin. In 1964-76, Czech carriages completely ousted the old types from Moscow streets. In total, Moscow purchased more than 2,000 T3 trams, some of which are still in operation. 
In 1993 we acquired several more Tatra cars Т6В5 and Т7В5, which served only until 2006-2008. They also took part in the current parade. 
In the 1960s, it was decided to expand the network of tram lines to those residential areas where the metro would not reach soon. This is how high-speed (isolated from the carriageway) lines appeared to Medvedkovo, Horoshevo-Mnevniki, Novogireevo, Chertanovo, Strogino. In 1983, the executive committee of the Moscow City Council decided to build several outbound high-speed tram lines to the Butovo, Kosino-Zhulebino, Novye Khimki and Mitino microdistricts. The subsequent economic crisis did not allow these ambitious plans to come true, and transport problems were already solved in our time during the construction of the metro.
In 1988, due to a lack of funds, purchases of Czech cars were stopped, and the only way out was to purchase new domestic trams of comparatively inferior quality. At this time, the Ust-Katavsky Carriage Works in the Chelyabinsk Region mastered the production of model KTM-8... Especially for the narrow streets of Moscow, the KTM-8M model with a reduced size was developed. Later, new models were delivered to Moscow KTM-19, KTM-21 and KTM-23... None of these cars participated in the parade, but we can see them on the streets of the city every day. 
All over Europe, in many Asian countries, in Australia, in the USA, the newest high-speed tram systems with low-floor cars moving along a separate track are now being created. Often, for this purpose, the traffic of cars is specially removed from the central streets. Moscow cannot abandon the global vector of development of public transport, and last year it was decided to purchase 120 Foxtrot cars co-produced by the Polish company PESA and Uralvagonzavod.
The first 100% low-floor cars in Moscow were assigned a numerical item 71-414... The car is 26 meters long with two articulations and four doors and can accommodate up to 225 passengers. The new domestic tram KTM-31 has similar characteristics, but its low floor volume is only 72%, but it costs one and a half times cheaper. 
At 9:30 the trams started from the depot. Apakov to Chistye Prudy. I went to MTV-82, simultaneously filming the convoy from the cab and the passenger compartment of the tram. 
Behind were the post-war types of carriages. 
Ahead - pre-war, on the way meeting with modern cars of the KTM type. 
Muscovites watched with amazement the unusual procession; many fans of retro trams with cameras gathered in some areas. 
From the photos of the saloons and driver's cabs of the cars participating in the parade presented below, one can estimate what evolution the Moscow tram has made over 115 years of its existence:
Cab of the KM carriage (1926).
Tatra T2 cab (1959).
PESA carriage cabin (2014).
Salon KM (1926).
Salon Tatra T2 (1959).
Salon PESA (2014).
Salon PESA (2014).
The wagons are of incredible beauty. Each carriage has 4 sections, there are several sections: gold, regular and female. 
Black muzzle like a jewel in a setting. Very nice. 
The tram runs on a dedicated line. Notice ... what's missing? Contact network! 
This is where the power cable runs along the ground. 
How it works: Tram at a stop. 
There is very convenient navigation around the tram line in the city. 
Stop sign. 
Map of the area around the station. 
Bus stops are closed. 
The tram runs from 6.30 am (on Fridays - from 9) to 1.30 am, during rush hour the interval is 10 minutes, the rest of the time - 12. 
It is cool, clean and light inside the bus stop. A police officer is on duty at each station. Validation and purchase of tickets takes place before boarding the tram. 
Tickets: the same ticket is valid on trams as on the metro and monorail. This is a Nol card, it works on the same principle as the "Troika" - a certain amount is debited from the account for each trip, which depends on the class of the carriage and the distance. It is planned to divide the tram lines into three zones, the more zones you cross, the more expensive. Now there is only one zone, and one trip costs 3 dirhams (44 rubles), in the "gold" class - twice as much. There are also subscriptions for the week (50 dirhams / 725 rubles), month, quarter and year (1060 dirhams / 15386 rubles). The prices are not the smallest, and when two more zones are built, for an annual subscription for all directions in the gold class, you will have to pay 5340 dirhams, that is, 77 thousand rubles. 
I was on a day off, the interval, of course, is large. Now new cars are awaiting, the intervals will be shortened, the line will be developed. 
In the meantime, 11 stations. 
The interior of the carriage. 
There is a separate space for luggage. I was just driving with a suitcase 
This is a separate compartment for women and children. 
The men are kicked out of here 
Gold class, tickets are twice as expensive. 
There are fewer people in it, the seats are wider. 
The controller walks in and checks the tickets. 
Another controller. 
Doors at the station and on the tram open simultaneously, as in some metro systems. 
For violation of traffic rules at intersections with tram lines, motorists face a fine of up to 30 thousand dirhams (almost 8.2 thousand dollars). For crossing paths in the wrong place, pedestrians will be punished with a fine of 1000 dirhams ($ 272) 
To prevent people from walking along the paths, special slabs with concrete spikes are placed in dangerous places, it is impossible to walk along them, but if something happens, the car will be able to pass. 
Passengers are taught how to use the tram ... 
And now I want to say hello to strong business executives from Omsk. If they had not buried so much money in the ground over the 12 years of construction of the metro that is unnecessary for the city, then today I would be writing a post about the most modern and young tram system in Omsk, and not in distant Dubai. But Omsk loves to suffer and, with incredible persistence, continue to bury money in its famous metro. And at this time, Arab sheikhs travel comfortably to the bright future on a modern tram. 
