Tension belt: overview, types, features, characteristics and reviews. Modern tie-down strap for securing cargo Tie-down strap for securing load with a tensioning mechanism

3 basic rules when working with tension belts:

The load to be secured must be firmly positioned on the platform. Apply if necessary additional funds to stabilize the load (mats, spacer bars or blocking bars).
Do not load the belts above the load limit (LC) indicated on the label.
Do not use the tie belt as a lifting or towing device.

When choosing, you should pay attention to:

type, dimensions, weight and shape of the load, coefficient of friction between the load and the load surface (see Appendix), method of securing the load, angles of fastening the belts;
type and design of fastening means;
the presence of an information tag (label) containing information about the manufacturer, the length of this part (if the belt consists of 2 parts, each of them must have its own information tag); Load Capacity (LC), Pretension Force (STF), and Ratchet Handle Maximum Force (SHF)

The minimum quantity for the “snap-on” fastening method is 2 pieces.

The minimum quantity for the “anchor” fastening method is 4 pieces.

Before each use, tensioning belts should be inspected for damage. Do not use damaged belts! Typical damages are:

cuts on the belt tape
damage to connecting seams (stitching)
deformation and corrosion of metal components (hooks, ratchet)

Temperature conditions for using the belt: from -35 0 C to +100 0 C.

When transporting goods with sharp edges or rough surfaces, additional protective equipment (pads, protective corners, etc.) should be used.

Hooks should only be attached to the specially designated attachment points in the vehicle body. The neck of the hook must be in full contact with the attachment point so that the main tension load falls on the neck of the hook.

Method of tensioning and releasing the tape in belts with a ratchet mechanism:

When using tension belts, it is strictly prohibited:

bending or twisting of the tape;
hook hooks onto tape or onto other hooks or sides of the vehicle that are not equipped with special eyes;
use highly active chemical components to clean the belt;
use a belt if there is visible deformation of the steel elements of the lock and hooks, their corrosion or deformation;
use a belt whose tape or fibers are damaged more than 10% of the total belt width;
use belts with damaged seams or the tape itself as a result of exposure to temperature or chemical elements;
use belts with knots or tangled tape;
use belts with missing or illegible information tags.

Only fully functional tensioning belts are allowed for use!

Remember! Improper securing of cargo can result in death of people, animals, or damage to other people's property.

For reference.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING LOAD (LC)

LC (Loading Capacity) - the maximum permissible working load on the belt is the maximum permissible force that can be repeatedly applied to the belt without subsequent deformation. When securing the load using the cap method, this value doubles. Maximum Working Load (LC) - This should not be confused with the pre-tensioning force (STF) from the tensioning mechanism, which is used in load securing calculations.

PRE-TENSION FORCE (STF)

The pre-tension force refers to the tension force transmitted from the tension element (ratchet mechanism) to the tensioning belt. The EN-12195-2 standard characterizes the pretension force as the force remaining in the tensioner after the ratchet handle is released. The lever transmission of the tension element generates the necessary tension forces. The tension force (STF) must be indicated on the tension belt label. It should be a minimum of 0.10 LC (10% of the working load) and a maximum of 0.5 LC (50%) of the tension belt. Values exceeding 0.5 LC are not permissible. Tension force values are given in daN.

STANDARD HAND FORCE (SHF)

SHF is the nominal belt tension force. The EN-12195-2 standard requires when manual maintenance tension elements transmitting tension to the fastening belt with a manual force of 50 daN. Physical force is used to achieve the necessary fixation and pre-tension forces. Based on the requirements of ergonomics (the science of interaction between man and machine), the expended force is determined to be 50 daN. The standard hand force is indicated on the strap label.

3 basic rules when working with tension belts:

The load to be secured must be firmly positioned on the platform. If necessary, use additional means to stabilize the load (mats, spacer bars or blocking bars).
Do not load the belts above the load limit (LC) indicated on the label.
Do not use the tie belt as a lifting or towing device.

When choosing tension belts, you should pay attention to:

type, dimensions, weight and shape of the load, coefficient of friction between the load and the load surface (see Appendix), method of securing the load, angles of fastening the belts;
type and design of fastening means;
the presence of an information tag (label) containing information about the manufacturer, the length of this part (if the belt consists of 2 parts, each of them must have its own information tag); Load Capacity (LC), Pretension Force (STF), and Ratchet Handle Maximum Force (SHF)

The minimum number of tie-down straps for the “snap-on” fastening method is 2 pieces.

The minimum number of tie-down straps for the “anchor” fastening method is 4 pieces.

Before each use, tensioning belts should be inspected for damage. Do not use damaged belts! Typical damages are:

cuts on the belt tape
damage to connecting seams (stitching)
deformation and corrosion of metal components (hooks, ratchet)

Temperature conditions for using the belt: from -35 0 C to +100 0 C.

When transporting goods with sharp edges or rough surfaces, additional protective equipment (pads, protective corners, etc.) should be used.

The hooks of the tie-down belts must only be attached to the specially designated attachment points in the vehicle body. The neck of the hook must be in full contact with the attachment point so that the main tension load falls on the neck of the hook.

Method of tensioning and releasing the tape in belts with a ratchet mechanism:

When using tension belts, it is strictly prohibited:

bending or twisting of the tape;
hook hooks onto tape or onto other hooks or sides of the vehicle that are not equipped with special eyes;
use highly active chemical components to clean the belt;
use a belt if there is visible deformation of the steel elements of the lock and hooks, their corrosion or deformation;
use a belt whose tape or fibers are damaged more than 10% of the total belt width;
use belts with damaged seams or the tape itself as a result of exposure to temperature or chemical elements;
use belts with knots or tangled tape;
use belts with missing or illegible information tags.

Only fully functional tensioning belts are allowed for use!

Remember! Improper securing of cargo can result in death of people, animals, or damage to other people's property.

This manual can be downloaded in .pdf format from link.

For reference.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING LOAD (LC)

LC (Loading Capacity) - the maximum permissible working load on the belt is the maximum permissible force that can be repeatedly applied to the belt without subsequent deformation. When securing the load using the cap method, this value doubles. The maximum working load (LC) is not to be confused with the pre-tensioning force (STF) emanating from the tensioning mechanism, which is used in calculations for securing loads using the snap-on method.

PRE-TENSION FORCE (STF)

The pre-tension force refers to the tension force transmitted from the tension element (ratchet mechanism) to the tensioning belt. The EN-12195-2 standard characterizes the pretension force as the force remaining in the tensioner after the ratchet handle is released. The lever transmission of the tension element generates the necessary tension forces. The tension force (STF) must be indicated on the tension belt label. It should be a minimum of 0.10 LC (10% of the working load) and a maximum of 0.5 LC (50%) of the tension belt. Values exceeding 0.5 LC are not permissible. Tension force values are given in daN.

STANDARD HAND FORCE (SHF)

SHF is the nominal belt tension force. The EN-12195-2 standard prescribes that when manually servicing tensioning elements, a manual force of 50 daN is transferred to the fastening belt. Physical force is used to achieve the necessary fixation and pre-tension forces. Based on the requirements of ergonomics (the science of interaction between man and machine), the expended force is determined to be 50 daN. The standard hand force is indicated on the strap label.

TENSILE STRENGTH AND EXTENTION PERCENTAGE

The tensile strength of the tie belt is equal to at least twice the maximum permissible working load.
The tension of the tensioning belt when reaching the maximum fastening force (LC) according to Standard EN-12195-2 should not exceed 7%

Belt stretch is often underestimated in daily practice. At length tensioned belt 10 meters and taking into account the stretch factor of 7%, a difference in length of 70 cm is possible. This means that the tension belt tape, when exposed to physical stress, can lengthen by more than half a meter, and this in turn reduces the pre-tension force (STF) to almost zero. To prevent this situation, the tensioning belts require additional tightening after the start of movement.

The modern realities of the world are saving time, money, resources and costs. And if just twenty or thirty years ago the duties of a driver freight transport involved only the transportation of cargo from one point to another, then truck drivers of our time, as a rule, already forward their own cargo themselves. The concept of “forwarding” includes not only the safety of the goods, but also responsibility for its integrity, safety and absence of damage.

A modern forwarding driver is required to control the entire transportation process, which begins and ends with loading and unloading works. One of the main tasks in this case is to correctly and competently secure the luggage being transported on the trailer. tractor unit. A load securing belt provides invaluable assistance to the truck driver in this matter.

Load securing

You can secure the load on the trailer different ways. The fastening method and type of fixation usually depend on the load itself and the type of trailer. In hard closed vans frame type As a rule, spacers or special curtains are used. But on platform trailers of both standard and low load, tension belts are installed mainly.

For especially oversized and heavy weights, chains are also used. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. For some types of cargo, only chains are used; more fragile pallets are secured with belts. It should also be added that to secure luggage inside tent trailers, as a rule, a belt is used to secure the load or a combined method of securing.

What is a belt?

Belt ties are a coil of textile tape made of polyamide, polypropylene or polyester. Any fabric made from durable synthetic fibers can be used as additional additives or other base material. On the one hand, these ties demonstrate excellent wear resistance, and on the other hand, they have sufficient elasticity to use the belt for securing cargo as a reliable and in a safe way securing transported utensils. With their help, they carry out both commercial and industrial transportation of various types of cargo, for example: building materials, lumber, rolled metal, bulk cargo in bags, furniture, equipment, double-glazed windows, building structures, prefabricated pallets, mechanisms and household appliances.

Characteristics

Each belt for securing cargo is selected by the forwarding driver based on two main characteristics: its length and the limit of the applied load. Ties also differ in the width of the tape, the presence (absence) of a tension mechanism and its type. The standard length of the tape is six, eight, ten or twelve meters. The breaking load on such a tension belt for securing cargo generally does not exceed 20 thousand kgf, and the standard width of the belt ranges from 25 to 150 mm. Some trading companies They sell such tapes in coils of 50, 100, 200 m or more in length. This option is suitable for securing cargo along the length of a trailer (or semi-trailer) or for replacing worn belts, but with fastenings and tightening mechanisms that are still serviceable.

Belt tightening

However, simply tying a belt around a load is not enough. Firstly, the forwarding driver needs to carefully think through the strapping scheme for the luggage being transported. There are various factors to consider here. During sharp braking, the load should not fall forward and pierce the tractor cabin, and on an ascent, it should not slide onto the following vehicle. When driving on uneven asphalt or rough terrain, it is necessary to keep the load from any longitudinal and lateral displacement. There are also non-standard transportations and cargo with shifted centers of gravity.

Secondly, the driver needs to tighten the belts so as to firmly fix the load in place, eliminating its potential movement. And here mechanisms for securing the load strap come to the rescue.

Tension devices

There are few options here. You can tighten the straps with your hands using muscle strength. In this case, they are fixed to the end fastening elements, i.e., with rings and hooks to the sides, trawls, as well as to any other surfaces of the trailer. This type of fastening is suitable for light loads, and their transportation should be carried out on a tilt platform or on a rigid frame van trailer to avoid the load itself tipping onto the roadway.

However, the bulk of the transported goods flow is fixed on belts for securing cargo with tension mechanism. Typically, this is a ratchet type device with mechanical protection from unlocking, better known as "ratchet" or "ratchet". Less popular are winches and are practically no longer used.

Belt versatility

At this point in time tension belt for securing cargo with a mechanical ratchet tensioner - the most popular way of securing transported luggage. Except for drivers heavy vehicles, they are used quite often by owners passenger vehicles during transportation open method usually on the roof rack.

Truck drivers are also happy to use this type of securing of transported goods. The straps firmly and reliably fix the luggage, while delicately squeezing the load from all sides, causing minimal damage to the packaging. They are resistant to impact technical fluids such as oil, gasoline, kerosene, various ethylene glycol antifreezes and other chemicals. Modern belts allow you to keep quite high loads to tear and do not change their original length when wet or frozen, which makes them possible to use at any time of the year and under different weather conditions.

Safety freight transport depends not only on the skill of the driver and the condition of the car, but also on how the loads are secured. For Russia, this is even more relevant due to the long distance and poor condition of the roads. A poorly secured product can break due to inertia and pose a threat to traffic transport.

Perhaps the most common method of securing cargo in our country is the clamping method. Its purpose is to ensure the highest possible coefficient of friction and maintain the greatest downforce developed by the tensioner. This method transportation of goods is regulated by the European standard EN 12195-2 “Securing cargo. Safety. Fastening tie-down belts made of chemical fibers.”

Tightening straps, one of the popular fastening devices, are just suitable for this and are designed to protect the product itself and vehicle. Straps allow you to secure all types of cargo - fragile, large, household appliances, furniture. Moreover, the ease of use of fastening devices reduces work time by up to 30%.

What are lashing straps made of?

The main elements of the belt are a synthetic tape, a hook for fastening and stretching device(ratchet).

The tape is usually made from 100% high quality polyester. Polypropylene and polyamide are also used. Polyester tapes are light and elastic, thereby allowing you to securely secure the load. The material is resistant to weather and the external environment, technical oil, other chemical materials, as well as abrasion.

The breaking load ranges from 1.2 to 10 tons. When folded in half, this value doubles. Always remember that tie down straps should not be used to lift loads.

The tapes differ in strength coefficient: SF2 and SF3, respectively 2:1 and 3:1. SF3 is a little more expensive, but the material is denser and will last longer. SF2 tape meets all standards, but the service life is shorter and so is the price.
The elongation of the belt upon reaching the maximum permissible working load (LC) occurs less than 7%.

Hooks act as connecting elements of the belt. They are reliable in operation and provide high quality fastenings, since they are made of alloy steel according to European quality standards.

The tensioning device (ratchet or ratchet) is also created in accordance with European standards and is made of alloy steel.

2 types of tension straps

One-piece fastening strap

It is based on a single tension tape, tension element and two hooks. It is used to combine cargo into one whole.

Two-piece fastening belt

A two-component fastening belt differs from a one-piece belt only in the rupture of the tensioning tape. The short end is connected to a ratchet lock and hook, while the long, adjustable end contains just one hook.

A two-component belt is used to secure loads with a clamp.

Tag (marking of fastening strap)

According to European standard 12195-2, each lashing strap must have a label with the following information:

Manufacturer (name and symbol).

Year of issue.

Belt material.

Length of fastening strap in meters

Standard hand force (S HF).

Pretension force (S TF) in the tension arm in daN, when fastening with a clamp.

Manufacturer code.

Indication of compliance with EN 12195-2.

Elongation at maximum permissible working load (in %).

Instruction “DO NOT LIFT ONLY SECURE”.

*1 daN = 1.02 kgf

The color of the tie belt tag indicates the material of the tie belt:

Polyester (PES) - blue

Polypropylene (PP) - brown.

Polyamide (PA) - green.

Other materials - white.

Application of tension belts

When choosing the load capacity of tensioning belts, it is worth taking into account the shape and weight of the load, as well as the sliding friction coefficient. It is recommended to use two or more belts for precise clamping of the goods.

Exist following rules belt usage:

Use intact, undamaged belts. Be sure to check for damage.

When selecting a belt, observe the permissible working load criteria indicated on the tag.

Attach the tape evenly over the surface of the load.

Do not tie in a knot.

Do not pull belts over sharp edges or sharp surfaces.

Place the straps so that they do not twist and encircle the load to its full width.

Do not use for lifting loads

After securing the load, be sure to check the possibility of detaching the ratchet and how firmly it is closed. It is prohibited to use foreign objects to increase tension.

It is also worth paying attention to the absence of a return push - recoil - when fastening with belts. When the tension lever under load does not rebound by more than 15 cm when opening.

Tape for tie-down belt

During operation, monitor the wear of the belt, namely:

The thread break or cut does not exceed 10%.

There are no tears across the full width of the belt or along the edge.

There is no damage to the connecting seams.

There is no deformation of the belt due to thermal effects (friction).

There is no damage due to exposure to aggressive substances (chemicals).

There are markings that are easy to read.

Otherwise, the tape cannot be used and should be replaced with a new one.

Ratchet (tensioning mechanism)

The ratchet mechanism is taken out of service if there are cracks, breaks, or a high degree of corrosion.

Deformation (bending) of the slotted shaft is a serious drawback.

Hooks

Hooks are removed from service for reasons such as:

Breaks or cracks.

Significant deformation.

Significant corrosion.

The expansion of the hook mouth (hole) is more than 5%.

For the transportation of goods, various types of transport are used depending on the size of the package, the duration of the journey, and the availability of the delivery location. But anyway important requirement is safety. It is ensured, among other things, by the reliability of fastening objects in the car body. This is in equally applies to both regular-sized cargo and large-sized goods. The solution to the safety problem is provided by the use of tightening belts.

Design features

Fastening systems can be produced in two main modifications depending on the type of fastener:

polypropylene tapes with Velcro fasteners, which rely on the tensile force of the elastic material used;
belts with a tensioning device and a clamp that is mechanically fixed along the perimeter line of the load.

In addition to the fastening mechanism, the quality of the tape is also important. It must be rigid and made of material that is resistant to harmful environmental influences. Tightening straps for securing cargo are made of steel and textiles.

The Velcro design is used under conditions of small temperature changes and changes in humidity parameters, as well as if there is no vibration.

Velcro fasteners effectively secure small objects. However, over time, their adhesive qualities can change significantly. A higher degree of fixation is provided by belts with a spring lock. But compared to the next type of fastening, equipping the structure with a spring mechanism still loses.

Straps for tightening, equipped ratchet mechanism, are more reliable and effective methods fixation. This is achieved by design features:

the tape used has high level wear resistance;
the fitting, which serves as the main element, consists of a steel hook with a ring;
The ratchet guarantees the required tightening quality.

Structure of the ratchet mechanism

Belt design of this type consists of two main elements. If the short part includes a fastening element and a clamp for the internal plane of the machine, then the long section ends with a reliable ratchet mechanism.

The following components can be distinguished in this mount:

ratchet equipped with a pawl – ensures reliability relative to unintended disconnection;
a lock that covers the ratchet;
rotating bar with a spring for adjusting the length of the fastening;
base made of durable steel for fixing to the tape.

A ratcheting strap also features the use of rivets and staples to securely secure the ratchet. To adjust the length, you will have to use a movable loop.

Features of selection and use

To choose the right belt of the required design, you need to evaluate the weight and overall characteristics cargo, its shape, selected transportation conditions and preferred method of securing.

Fastening principles

The instructions for tightening straps allow you to select several alternative ways fastenings:

when the bottom surface of the machine is flat, when the load is fixed on a single pallet, it is advisable to use the lower holding method;
in case of non-standard shape of the cargo and lack of packaging, the diagonal method is used;
if it is impossible to secure the container to the sides, a “crosswise” fixation approach is recommended;
It is advisable to fasten tall structures by combining several methods.

Determining the required width

The width is selected taking into account the dimensions of the horizontal plane through which the tensioning tape will be directed. The standard parameters of the modifications presented for sale are as follows: 25, 35, 50, 75, 100 mm, as can be seen in the photo of the tensioning belts.

The greater the width, the more secure the fixation. It is also necessary to evaluate the design features of the cargo. For example, to install oversized cargo It is recommended to take belts of at least 75 mm.

Length selection

It is recommended to choose one belt for fastening, since the use of several short structures sharply reduces reliability. Since an increase in the number of connecting points increases the risk of one of them breaking.

The total number and preferred length of straps depends on the perimeter of coverage. The distance to the hook or ring is also taken into account. The choice is also influenced by the ability to adjust the tension.

If the standard length of 3-6 m is suitable for individual transportation, then for heavy loads it is necessary to choose models 50-200 m. The total length parameter is determined taking into account some nuances:

Distance between adjacent strips. It is believed that for flat loads the gap should not be larger size one fixed largest package. For objects packed in film or having a round shape, this parameter is halved.

The combination fastening requires that the upper girth be made over a shorter surface. The free end should be twice the width of the tape.

Withstand force

The permissible load depends on the specific model. Most widespread We have received designs that can withstand a weight of 1-10 tons, although larger loads may require stronger belts of 20 tons. When purchasing, for example, a ring tie belt, you should also provide a safety factor with a factor of more than 2.

Transport conditions should also be taken into account. With frequent skidding while the vehicle is moving, the horizontal shear force increases, and in wet conditions the mobility of the load increases.

You shouldn't take any chances with used clamps either. After all, deformation of the fastening system reduces the degree of clamping by up to 50%, depending on its type.

The use of high-quality tightening belts will ensure reliable fastening goods during their transportation. Their selection is made taking into account the characteristics of the items being transported and transportation conditions.