Let's look at how we fasten our loads and how the clamp fastening method differs from other fastening methods, as well as what characteristics of the tie belt that should be taken into account when calculating fastening.

The load in the vehicle is subject to inertial forces. If there is no fastening, then the load is held up to a certain point only by friction. To increase the friction force, the load must be pressed, and the pressure is carried out using clamping belts. This type of fastening is widespread because it can be used for fastening many types of cargo. The belt presses the load to the surface, which increases the friction force, and generally protects the load from shifting. The force with which the clamping belt acts is called the tension force, it is achieved using a tension element. Due to the fact that the belt presses the load on both sides, the resulting tension force is the sum of the vectors of two forces F1 and F2. On the side opposite to the location of the ratchet mechanism, a lower tension force F2 occurs.

This characteristic must be indicated on the labeling. Currently, the market is flooded with cheap lashing straps from unknown manufacturers, and carriers prefer to use them since there are no standards limiting their use. It’s hard to imagine, but the elements that keep multi-ton loads from falling out of the vehicle were left unattended government agencies certification and control. Detailed instructions are contained in the European standard EN 12195-2 “Securing loads. Safety. Fastening tie-down belts made of chemical fibers.” The EN 12195-2 standard has been adopted in all participating countries European Committee on standardization and came into force in May 2001.

There are two systems:

One-piece fastening strap

A one-piece fastening belt consists of a tensioning element (ratchet mechanism) to which the belt strap is attached. This type A belt is often used to tie (girth) cargo elements into one whole.

Two-piece fastening belt

The two-piece fastening belt consists of two parts.

I - The removable end fastening element consists of a long belt and a connecting element - a hook.

II - The end-fastening belt system consists of a short, non-adjustable belt to which a ratchet and hook are attached. Two-piece lashing straps are most often used for clamping, but can also be used as braces.

Connecting elements (hooks) are used to secure the fastening device at the fastening point (mounting bar, vehicle frame).

Fastening belt means a synthetic fiber belt made by weaving or weaving. Thanks to his physical and chemical properties preference is given to polyester; polyamide and polypropylene are also used. The material used is identified by the color on the fastening label.

Marking (fastening strap tag) according to EN standard

The standard obliges manufacturers of fastening devices to develop appropriate markings for fastening belts. For two-component tensioning belts, it is recommended to have two tags - on the long belt tape and on the short belt with a tightening mechanism. Inspection often reveals its absence, which creates a problem in assessing this belt. The manufacturer often sews black identification longitudinal seams into the belt tape to indicate the permissible working load.

Data indicated on the tag according to DIN EN 12195-2:

• Manufacturer (name and symbol).
• Year of issue.
• Belt material.
• Length of fastening strap in meters
• Standard hand force (S HF).
• Pretension force (S TF) in the tension arm in daN, when fastening with a clamp.
• Manufacturer code.
• Indication of compliance with EN 12195-2.
• Elongation at maximum permissible working load (in %).
• Instruction “DO NOT LIFT ONLY SECURE”.

*1 daN = 1.02 kgf

The color of the fastening belt tag tells about the material of the belt belt:

Polyester (PES) - blue

Polypropylene (PP) - brown.

Polyamide (PA) - green.

Other materials - white.

The materials from which belts are made have varying resistance to chemical influences. It must be remembered that as the external temperature rises, the activity of chemicals increases. The resistance of artificial materials to chemical attack is reflected as follows:

• polyester is resistant to mineral acids, but changes its properties when exposed to alkali;
• polyamide is resistant to alkali, but is destroyed by acid;
• polypropylene reacts slightly to alkalis and acids, is suitable for transporting chemical fertilizers, with the exception of certain types of solvent;

The color of the belt material is chosen arbitrarily by the manufacturer and does not provide information about the material or strength of the belt.

The maximum permissible working load (Loading Capacity, abbreviated as LC) of a fastening belt is the maximum permissible force that can be repeatedly applied to the belt without subsequent deformation. When folded in half, this value doubles.

The tensile strength of a serviceable lashing strap is equal to at least twice the maximum permissible working load. The relative elongation (longitudinal deformation) of the belt when reaching the maximum fastening force should not exceed 7%.

Usage

When using fastening belts, the weight, sliding friction coefficient, and the shape of the transported load are taken into account. When fastening with a clamp, it is recommended to use at least two straps. With direct mounting, the working load is taken into account.

Below are instructions for using the straps.

• Only undamaged belts are used.
• The straps are located evenly on the surface of the fixed load.
• The load on the belts does not exceed the maximum permissible working load.
• The straps do not tie into a knot.
• Belts do not pull over sharp edges or sharp surfaces.
• Install the straps so that they do not twist and encircle the load to its full width.
• Straps are used only as a means of securing and not for lifting loads.
• There must be clear markings.
• Before use, belts are checked for damage.

To avoid damage, all tension elements must operate without kickback (reverse push). This requirement is carried out if the tension lever, which is under load, does not rebound by more than 15 cm when opening.

Tension elements must be installed in such a way as to prevent the possibility of self-disconnection of the tension device in a tense state. To achieve more high strength pre-tensioning, do not connect additional devices or extensions to the tension arm.

Belt tape

The criteria for determining belt wear are the following indicators:

• The thread break or cut exceeds 10%
• A tear across the full width of the belt, or along the edge.
• Damage to connecting seams.
• Deformation of the belt due to thermal effects (friction).
• Damage due to exposure to aggressive substances (chemicals).
• The markings are missing or unreadable.

Tension element

• The ratchet mechanism is taken out of service if there are cracks, breaks, or a high degree of corrosion.
• Deformation (bending) of the slotted shaft is a serious drawback.

End elements

Connecting elements are excluded from service under the following conditions:

• cracks or breaks.
• significant deformation.
• severe corrosion.
• expansion of the hook mouth (hole) is more than 5%.

We draw attention to the inadmissibility of installing end elements at attachment points on the vehicle body that do not correspond to these end elements.

3 basic rules when working with tension belts:

1. The load to be secured must be firmly positioned on the platform. Apply if necessary additional funds to stabilize the load (mats, spacer bars or blocking bars).
2. Do not load the belts above the load limit (LC) indicated on the label.
3. Do not use the tie belt as a lifting or towing device.

When choosing tension belts, you should pay attention to:

• type, dimensions, weight and shape of the load, coefficient of friction between the load and the load surface (see Appendix), method of securing the load, angles of fastening the belts;
• type and design of fastening means;
• the presence of an information tag (label) containing information about the manufacturer, the length of this part (if the belt consists of 2 parts, each of them must have its own information tag); Load Capacity (LC), Pretension Force (STF), and Ratchet Handle Maximum Force (SHF)

The minimum number of tie-down straps for the “snap-on” fastening method is 2 pieces.

The minimum number of tie-down straps for the “anchor” fastening method is 4 pieces.

Before each use, tensioning belts should be inspected for damage. Do not use damaged belts! Typical damages are:

• cuts on the belt tape
• damage to connecting seams (stitching)
• deformation and corrosion of metal components (hooks, ratchet)

Temperature conditions for using the belt: from -35 0 C to +100 0 C.

When transporting goods with sharp edges or rough surfaces, additional protective equipment (pads, protective corners, etc.) should be used.

The hooks of the tie-down belts must only be attached to the specially designated attachment points in the vehicle body. The neck of the hook must be in full contact with the attachment point so that the main tension load falls on the neck of the hook.

Method of tensioning and releasing the tape in belts with a ratchet mechanism:

When using tension belts, it is strictly prohibited:

• bending or twisting of the tape;
• hook hooks onto tape or onto other hooks or sides of the vehicle that are not equipped with special eyes;
• use highly active chemical components to clean the belt;
• use a belt if there is visible deformation of the steel elements of the lock and hooks, their corrosion or deformation;
• use a belt whose tape or fibers are damaged more than 10% of the total belt width;
• use belts with damaged seams or the tape itself as a result of exposure to temperature or chemical elements;
• use belts with knots or tangled tape;
• use belts with missing or illegible information tags.

Only fully functional tensioning belts are allowed for use!

Remember! Improper securing of cargo can result in death of people, animals, or damage to other people's property.

This manual can be downloaded in .pdf format from link.

For reference.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING LOAD (LC)

• LC (Loading Capacity) - the maximum permissible working load on the belt is the maximum permissible force that can be repeatedly applied to the belt without subsequent deformation. When securing the load using the cap method, this value doubles. Maximum permissible working load (LC) - not to be confused with that coming from tensioning mechanism pre-tension force (STF), which is used in calculations for securing loads using the snap-on method.

PRE-TENSION FORCE (STF)

• The pre-tension force refers to the tension force transmitted from the tension element (ratchet mechanism) to the tensioning belt. The EN-12195-2 standard characterizes the pretension force as the force remaining in the tensioner after the ratchet handle is released. The lever transmission of the tension element generates the necessary tension forces. The tension force (STF) must be indicated on the tension belt label. It should be a minimum of 0.10 LC (10% of the working load) and a maximum of 0.5 LC (50%) of the tension belt. Values ​​exceeding 0.5 LC are not permissible. Tension force values ​​are given in daN.

STANDARD HAND FORCE (SHF)

• SHF is the nominal belt tension force. The EN-12195-2 standard requires when manual maintenance tension elements transmitting tension to the fastening belt with a manual force of 50 daN. Physical force is used to achieve the necessary fixation and pre-tension forces. Based on the requirements of ergonomics (the science of interaction between man and machine), the expended force is determined to be 50 daN. The standard hand force is indicated on the strap label.

TENSUAL STRENGTH AND EXTENTION PERCENTAGE

• The tensile strength of the tie belt is equal to at least twice the maximum permissible working load.
• The tension of the tensioning belt when reaching the maximum fastening force (LC) according to Standard EN-12195-2 should not exceed 7%

Belt stretch is often underestimated in daily practice. At length tensioned belt 10 meters and taking into account the stretch factor of 7%, a difference in length of 70 cm is possible. This means that the tension belt tape, when exposed to physical stress, can lengthen by more than half a meter, and this in turn reduces the pre-tension force (STF) to almost zero. To prevent this situation, the tensioning belts require additional tightening after the start of movement.

Today, to securely secure cargo, which is necessary for any transportation, many different accessories and equipment are used. However, due to their ease of use and high strength, tensioning belts are the most popular today. It is this mechanism that has tensioner, provides maximum reliability securing cargo of any type. Company " Trademark» offers its clients a wide range of tensioning belts of any color and type, as well as an individual approach to the implementation of each order and favorable terms of cooperation.

Features of the use and application of tension belts

The importance of such a means of securing cargo is difficult to overestimate. These products are an integral part of the process of preparing goods for transportation. Their scope of application is quite wide and is not limited to just the car. Tightening straps for securing cargo can be used to secure goods to a trailer, trailer, vessel, as well as to other moving vehicles. At the same time, the design of these products is quite simple, so everyone can easily use the “accessory” for its intended purpose.

All belts consist of two main parts: a ratchet mechanism (the tensioning device itself) and a flat polyester tape. This design makes them universal, so the belts can be used even for the most fragile or painted loads. At the same time, a soft textile tape will keep any transported product intact and without damage to its appearance. Regardless of whether equipment, tools, furniture or other items are transported - appearance and the performance of the cargo will remain unchanged.

Tightening straps for cargo, which you can buy from our company at the best price, are, in addition, elastic and as light as possible. Each model is equipped with a special tension element, which guarantees that the tape will not weaken or stretch. In addition, the tension tape that we use in our production is resistant to wear and weather conditions. Thus, polyester belts can function at temperatures from -40 to +120 degrees.

The Trademark Company is high quality, reliability and durability of all manufactured products.

Advantages of lashing straps compared to other means of securing loads

This type of cargo securing is the most popular and widespread today. This is due to a number of advantages that the vehicle owner receives by preferring tension belts to other types of fastening:

• convenience and ease of use. Thanks to this, securing the cargo will take a minimum of time and even an inexperienced person can cope with such a task. Tensioning belts, which you can buy from our company at the maximum short time, can be easily fixed directly to the guides on any type of trailer, cars and other types of transport;
• strength and reliability. To produce such belts, we use European quality materials. Light, elastic and high-strength textile tape allows you to securely fasten goods of any configuration and weight, thereby preventing damage;
• wide scope of application. This type of fastening is suitable for securing cargo during transportation on any vehicle, from a trailer to a ship. In addition, the belt strap can be useful to any motorist if he needs to move a stuck car. In this case, the traction force is produced through a reliable tension mechanism;
• wide choice of colors. When ordering belts from our company, you get the opportunity to choose any color for painting the product.

Criterias of choice

Before purchasing cargo tie-down straps, it is necessary to determine such parameters as the configuration of the fastening element, the length and tightening force of the belt. To do this, first of all, you should take into account the size and type of cargo most often transported. Tightening belt has two main elements:

1. Ratchet lock.

The ratchet lock is both a fairly simple and reliable mechanism. It allows for rotational movements along the guide and at the same time reverse side The belt does not move thanks to the teeth of the pawl, which is attached to the wheel by means of a spring.

1. End cap.

The belt end can be made in the form of a hook, ring or hook-shaped tips, which allows you to select the product based on the type of cargo being transported.

Our company’s specialists will advise on issues of interest and help you choose the right tie belt, the price of which is as affordable and acceptable as possible, in accordance with the parameters and type of goods being transported.

Beneficial cooperation

The Trademark company is an opportunity to order tie-down straps for any type of cargo in any color design at the most favorable conditions cooperation. We offer our clients:

• high-quality tie-down straps for securing cargo, which you can buy from us at the best prices reasonable cost, in a wide range;
• special working conditions and price offers for wholesale customers;
• durability and reliability of all supplied products, thanks to the use innovative technologies, modern equipment and materials of high European quality;
• individual approach to each client and order;
• compliance with agreed deadlines and delivery of goods in the shortest possible time;
• assistance and advice from specialists on any production issues;
• long-term, fruitful cooperation on mutually beneficial terms.

“Trademark” - make a choice in favor of reliability, durability and high quality!

Safety freight transport depends not only on the skill of the driver and the condition of the car, but also on how the loads are secured. For Russia, this is even more relevant due to the long distance and poor condition of the roads. A poorly secured product can break due to inertia and pose a threat to traffic transport.

Perhaps the most common method of securing cargo in our country is the clamping method. Its purpose is to ensure the highest possible coefficient of friction and maintain the greatest downforce developed by the tensioner. This method transportation of goods is regulated by the European standard EN 12195-2 “Securing cargo. Safety. Fastening tie-down belts made of chemical fibers.”

Tightening straps, one of the popular fastening devices, are just suitable for this and are designed to protect the product itself and vehicle. Straps allow you to secure all types of cargo - fragile, large, household appliances, furniture. Moreover, the ease of use of fastening devices reduces work time by up to 30%.

What are lashing straps made of?

The main elements of the belt are a synthetic tape, a hook for fastening and a tensioning device (ratchet).

The tape is usually made from 100% high quality polyester. Polypropylene and polyamide are also used. Polyester tapes are light and elastic, thereby allowing you to securely secure the load. The material is resistant to weather and the external environment, technical oil, other chemical materials, as well as abrasion.

The breaking load ranges from 1.2 to 10 tons. When folded in half, this value doubles. Always remember that tie down straps should not be used to lift loads.

The tapes differ in strength coefficient: SF2 and SF3, respectively 2:1 and 3:1. SF3 is a little more expensive, but the material is denser and will last longer. SF2 tape meets all standards, but the service life is shorter and so is the price.
The elongation of the belt upon reaching the maximum permissible working load (LC) occurs less than 7%.

Hooks act as connecting elements of the belt. They are reliable in operation and provide high quality fastening, since they are made of alloy steel in accordance with European quality standards.

The tensioning device (ratchet or ratchet) is also created in accordance with European standards and is made of alloy steel.

2 types of tension straps

One-piece fastening strap

It is based on a solid tensioning tape, a tension element and two hooks. It is used to combine cargo into one whole.

Two-piece fastening belt

A two-component fastening belt differs from a one-piece belt only in the gap tension tape. The short end is connected to a ratchet lock and hook, while the long, adjustable end contains just one hook.

A two-component belt is used to secure loads with a clamp.

Tag (marking of fastening strap)

According to European standard 12195-2, each lashing strap must have a label with the following information:

Manufacturer (name and symbol).

Year of issue.

Belt material.

Length of fastening strap in meters

Standard hand force (S HF).

Pretension force (S TF) in the tension arm in daN, when fastening with a clamp.

Manufacturer code.

Indication of compliance with EN 12195-2.

Elongation at maximum permissible working load (in %).

Instruction “DO NOT LIFT ONLY SECURE”.

*1 daN = 1.02 kgf

The color of the tie belt tag indicates the material of the tie belt:

Polyester (PES) - blue

Polypropylene (PP) - brown.

Polyamide (PA) - green.

Other materials - white.

Application of tension belts

When choosing the load capacity of tensioning belts, it is worth taking into account the shape and weight of the load, as well as the sliding friction coefficient. It is recommended to use two or more belts for precise clamping of the goods.

Exist following rules belt usage:

Use intact, undamaged belts. Be sure to check for damage.

When selecting a belt, observe the permissible working load criteria indicated on the tag.

Attach the tape evenly over the surface of the load.

Do not tie in a knot.

Do not pull belts over sharp edges or sharp surfaces.

Place the straps so that they do not twist and encircle the load to its full width.

Do not use for lifting loads

After securing the load, be sure to check the possibility of detaching the ratchet and how firmly it is closed. It is prohibited to use foreign objects to increase tension.

It is also worth paying attention to the absence of a return push - recoil - when fastening with belts. When the tension lever under load does not rebound by more than 15 cm when opening.

Tape for tie-down belt

During operation, monitor the wear of the belt, namely:

The thread break or cut does not exceed 10%.

There are no tears across the full width of the belt or along the edge.

There is no damage to the connecting seams.

There is no deformation of the belt due to thermal effects (friction).

There is no damage due to exposure to aggressive substances (chemicals).

There are markings that are easy to read.

Otherwise, the tape cannot be used and should be replaced with a new one.

Ratchet (tensioning mechanism)

The ratchet mechanism is taken out of service if there are cracks, breaks, or a high degree of corrosion.

Deformation (bending) of the slotted shaft is a serious drawback.

Hooks

Hooks are removed from service for reasons such as:

Breaks or cracks.

Significant deformation.

Significant corrosion.

The expansion of the hook mouth (hole) is more than 5%.

The organization of transportation activities pays considerable attention to the preparation of equipment and Supplies. Auxiliary devices largely ensure the reliability of cargo transportation at the most different types transport. Also, construction cannot do without safety devices of a suitable format. One of essential elements such equipment is a tightening belt with ratchet mechanism, which reliably fixes the load in its original position until the completion of the transportation process.

General information about tie belts

Externally, such a belt resembles a wide tape that is used to insure people in cars. The main manufacturing material is textile fibers of various properties. In particular, polyester is the most common as a practical, wear-resistant and highly durable base. Also equipped with a ratcheting mechanism. This is a kind of lock that allows for sufficient tension when fixing the tape.

A modification of the belt in the form of a ring device is also common. In this case, fastening is carried out by bringing together the two ends of the tape and securing them securely. Typically, a ring tie belt with a ratcheting mechanism is used to insure small-sized cargo. Transportation of large volumes of containers is usually carried out by fixing the belts with hooks at both ends.

Tape sizes

The width of such tapes usually varies from 25 to 100 mm. This choice depends on the size of the load and load holding requirements. As for the length, it can range from 3 to 10 m. Short belts are usually used in households - for example, for transporting small loads in the trunk or on a trailer. Large building construction Most often they are transported using 10-meter belts. When assessing the characteristics of a ratcheting belt, it is important to take into account the supported tension force. This parameter can vary on average from 1 to 8 tons. Accordingly, the higher this value, the safer the transportation will be organized. Another thing is that the reliability of the event largely depends on technical performance the fastening itself. Still, cases when belts break are much less common.

User manual

The process consists of several stages. First, you should raise the handle of the ratchet mechanism, pulling a special bolt towards you. Next, the belt should be passed into the formed passage to the required length. It is important to note that the tape should not be twisted or wrinkled before this operation. Then the belt must be tightened using the ratchet handle - to do this, perform up and down movements. As the instructions for use note, tensioning belts with a ratcheting mechanism must be checked for quality of tension during transportation. The fact is that after some time of movement, the load may settle and the tapes will weaken. Therefore, at certain intervals, responsible persons must audit the force of the fastener. The fixation itself is carried out using the lock bolt - the handle lowers and blocks the mechanism. To release the belt, you should also pull the latch towards you, and then lift the handle of the device up until it stops.

First of all, the belts can only be used for their intended purpose, that is, to secure a load that meets the parameters. Regardless of the size of the load, at least two lashing straps should be used to ensure optimal transport security. If tapes with polyester fibers are used, it is important to consider temperature regime. This material can only be safely used in the range of -40°C to 100°C. In addition, lashing straps with a tensioning device are often used to secure loads with protruding cutting and piercing edges. If it is not possible to provide complete preliminary protection of the structure, then spot insulation should be performed using pads or frame devices. Moreover, this measure also applies to containers with a rough surface. With prolonged close contact with abrasives, even polyester can become damaged, so it must be insured against such risks.

How not to use straps to secure cargo

Sometimes, when fastening using a tightening belt, some deviations from the operating rules may seem more rational, convenient and economical. But not all of them are combined with the concepts of reliability and safety. In particular, technologists do not recommend attaching hooks directly to the tape, deforming metal fittings, tying knots, or increasing the load relative to the standard. It is important to remember that a tension belt with a ratcheting mechanism also requires compliance with certain maintenance rules. After each working operation it should be cleaned and rinsed, but without introducing strong chemicals. And especially you cannot use the same abrasives in the form of rough brushes to clean the surface of the belt.

Conclusion

The category of tie belts is widely represented on the market in different versions. average cost the set is 500-700 rubles. For this money you can get a high-quality polyester tape with a width of about 100 mm. If necessary, the tightening belt with a ratcheting mechanism can be supplemented with other auxiliary devices. For example, if you do not plan to perform ring fixation, then hooks will be required. Today, manufacturers also produce double gripping devices, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of fastening. Issues of personal safety should not be ignored. The rules require performers to carry out operations of this kind wearing helmets and gloves.