I have many articles about automatic gearboxes (especially I love the usual automatic transmission). However, I consider the second to distribute the variator or CVT, a lot of cars are produced precisely with such a transmission. When you choose a new car (or even used) before you will surely get up such a choice What to take - a variator transmission, hydrotransformer or robotic? If the usual "automatic" is studied "along and across" (if problems arise, they are all known), with a robot, too, everything is clear (it is not worth looking in his direction). That's the third type like and reliable, but few know what it is, what the principle of its work, the main advantages and cons. That is, this is such a "dark horse." Today I will try to reveal the topic in simple language, tell what is to be afraid, and what not ...

The problems of this automatic transmission are very similar to the usual "hydro-industry" in spite of the various designs (we are already already). In the end, I will try to tell you in the video version of how to extend the service life to she go long and without problems. However, to start the definition

Definition

Variator - Variator Transmission - CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission - Stenent Transmission) - type of automatic gearbox, which smoothly transmits torque from the engine wheels (or other propulsions, such as ship screws), has no gear, but can automatically change the transfer ratio along a given program or in manual mode.

It should be noted that this box, unlike its collections, the automatic transmission and the robot does not have variable gears, that is, there are no familiar jokes when changing gear ratios, a set of speeds are clear and smooth, efficiency (if you believe the characteristics, not significantly but more), due to its structure

Principle of operation

As you understood from above, there are no gears here, and the change in the gear ratio (increase or decrease) is smoothly, to the "set values". Of course, there is a software component that allows you to create "steps", but they are made programmatically, for manual control, for example, for dirt or snow (when the maximum thrust is needed and speed is not important). And the box itself is stepless - which allows you to transmit efforts from the power unit wheels more accurately.

At the moment there are two main buildings of the variator:

These are clinical . They apply to 95% of cars equipped with such a transmission
Toroids . Due to a more complex structure and settings, now practically do not apply

As clinomeric It is now the most common type (it is installed on a large number of Nissan, Audi, Infinity, etc.) Let's start with it

So, here the gear ratio is transmitted from one pulley ( master - It is associated with a power unit), another ( ledom - associated with drives and then with wheels) for the means of a special belt.

The change in the number occurs due to changes in the diameter of the pulleys. They are not "cast", but are made collapsible, namely, two half of the conical shape (planted on the shaft), which can diverge and converge. As it becomes clear - the diameter at the point of contacting the pulley with the belt is constantly changing depending on the load and speed.

Simple words, everything is happening like this: - When the car is "tried," he needs the maximum effort to move away. So that the load on the motor was minimal - the presenter shaft must be the smallest diameter (the cones are bred at the point of contact). The slave in its case should be the maximum size (its cones are reduced on the contrary). Thus, the presenter should make several revolutions to move the slave only one (the maximum number) is very much reduces the effort on the power unit, and it is easier to work.

After the speed grows, the gear ratio should be changed to a smaller side - it is necessary to reduce the traction force, but increase the revolutions on the slave shaft. It all happens on the contrary - the cones of the lead pulley begin to converge (the diameter grows), and the slave - to disperse (reduces).

With the maximum size of the driving shaft and the minimum slave, the first will make one turn, but the second must do several (therefore its rotation speed is maximum), but with such a situation and the load on the motor is much larger.

As you understood due to changes in the diameters of two shafts and belt transmission between them - the desired gear ratio is achieved

Now small animation, look

Toroid type of variator It has a completely different principle of work. Here, the effort is transmitted using special rollers that are clamped between shafts, they have a toroidal form (hence the name) and are located on one axis

To change the transfer number in such a design in such a design, you need to change the position of the rollers. For maximum thrust you need to turn roller clamps toward the slave shaft, in this position the diameter of the contact of the roller and the shaft will be minimal, and the slave is maximum.

When the speed set, a decrease in the number and increasing rotation is needed, the rollers are discharged to the other side (the leading shaft), while the diameters change the opposite.

I think it is understandable, no longer will focus on this.

Variator device

The meaning has to talk about the work of the clinical variator gearbox (because the fellow is practically not sold now).

The box is installed on the engine (or longitudinally, or transversely). In order to smoothly connect it with the engine and to disconnect the (neutral mode) to the desired moments, the clutch system is provided.

Now many manufacturers went to the hydrotransformer, similar to the classical automatic transmission. However, other manufacturers can use other types - centrifugal, electromagnetic or multi-disc (wet variants). The use of the hydro-industry is due to high performance and high performance characteristics, including durability.

Now about the device of the variator. It is difficult to describe it enough, yet it is not a simple design, but I will try:

Shafts with changeable cones. I will not tell about it again (the principle told upstairs). I would like to note that due to the large loads of the surface of the cones of the variator are made from high strength steels
Belt or chain. Designed to connect two shafts. The belt can be called with a stretch, all because it consists of special metal tapes interconnected by special shaped parts having a look at the butterfly and giving a special form-free form. It works by side parts, which, thanks to the forces of friction, it is in contact with the clins of pulleys. Thus, the moment is passed from one shaft to another. It is worth noting that other manufacturers, such as Audi, use a chain mechanism, it has a large number of small links and provides small bend radii. It employs not the side surface, but the end. And chain and belt are designed for high loads, but they do not tolerate high overheating (may be deformed)

Butter. Yes, do not be surprised, the lubricant inside is also an important component and high demands are presented to it, usually goes here , Which is poured into the machine. It is needed not only for lubrication, but also for injection pressure in the pump to push or shift cones
Oil pump. Just pressure pressure in the system

Hydbot. It manages the oil supply to the right channels, that is, either in one cone (shaft) or to another. By the way, slipping and other kicks, and push can be related to it.

Filter. There may be a lot of them, both in the hydroblock itself and beyond. They catch the dirt and small metal particles from the belt and cones, not letting them score minor channels

Radiator. On the variator gearbox it is required! Remember, this transmission is very quickly overheated when slipping and high loads, so to cool the oil, you need an external radiator unit. Some on parcktails who love to climb in dirt and stop (for example, Mitsubishi Outlander) put additional radiators to remove excess heating

Well, the last is the control unit of the variator. This is an electronic device that works in a pair with the ECU, receiving the necessary commands from it. It gives orders of electronics and shafts to take one or another configuration that corresponds to this speed and load

This is a device in a nutshell in order to understand the general principle of operation. It is worth noting that initially the variator did not have a reverse rotation, that is, movement back. Therefore, the design introduced a planetary transmission that allows you to do. However, it has so much complicated the design.

A few words - about oil and filter

I can not keep silent and not speak about this item in more detail. The oil in CVT is also a very important component in the work of the entire device as a whole, as a buty-oil filter. Many manufacturers, official dealers may assure you that it is covered here for the entire service life. It is extremely not true!

Oil and filter are consumables and many manufacturers say that they need to be changed in 60,000 km, and in difficult conditions (which are our Russian realities - frost, snow, heat, rains, dirt and traffic jams in megalopolis) It is even more often Personally, I would advise after 40,000 km.

What will happen if not change? The oil is wearing and often burns (from a large run), forming inside the deposits that can score various channels and filters. The main filter can also be clogged with sediments, metal dust and other "work products". As a result, pressure drops from the oil pump to highways of the hydraulic block and the cones itself, which are reduced to the shafts. The variator begins to buck, kick, or can even get into emergency mode.

The scope of the variator in the technique is large, it is used to optimize the vehicle movement mode. This device, with which the gear ratio is changed from the engine to the transmission.

In the automotive industry, it is possible to effectively select the ratio of the gear ratio (engine transmission). How to repair the variator with your own hands, its advantages and disadvantages are disclosed in this article.

Variator, its use, positive factors

Cars manufactured with the variator different economySince the engine works almost constantly in optimal mode, fewer toxic gas emitted into the air, the best overclocking of the car.

Provided by a smooth gear ratio and a smooth set of a car stroke, no jerks. Transmission nodes serve a longer period than in a stepped gearbox. When to compare the variator with automatic transmission, the design is simpler, which allows you to repair with your own hands.

Despite all positive qualities, this device is not an ideal gearbox, the reason for this is his friction work. This is when the torque is transmitted with the help of friction, and has limitations if they exceed them, the belt will begin slipping, with a high wear rate.

The variator on the car is unwanted to often use at maximum loads, you should not apply on these cars and "sports" driving mode, with frequent jerks, braking. The perfect and long-term work of it is when the car is operated in calm driving, smoothly.

How the variator works

On modern cars applied two types of variators:

Clinorem transfer.
Torus.

The clinorem transmission consists of 2 pulleys, between which the special manufacture belt is stretched. The first pulley is connected to the engine of the machine (presenter), the second pulley (slave) is connected to the leading wheels of the car. Sliding pulleys are applied, they consist of 2 halves when they come closer, the belt is pushed out, and when they are moving, it fails. A synchronous change in the rotation radius is occurring, with an increase on one pulley, a decrease on another pulley is made. This is achieved smoothness of gear ratio.

When the radius of the driving pulley is less, and the slave is larger, this is a reduced transmission. If the belt is rotated by a large radius on the drive pulley and a small on the slave pulley, this is an increased transmission.

Despite the simplicity, the use of the variator in cars began recently, the invention of a special belt contributed to this. A simple belt for these purposes is not suitable.

Belt of the clinorem transmission

Variator belt with clinorem transmission made from 2 metal ribbonswhich are driven plates from metal having a special form. When the belt links are pressed to each other, the transmission of force is transmitted by pushing them with the drive pulley.

Important! The presenter pulley connected to the engine pushes the metal belt links, clamped between its discs, and they already pushed the neighboring links to the slave pulley. This belt is pushing, which made it possible to transmit great efforts and apply it on cars.

In some technical self-propelled machines applied chain transmission Instead of the clinorem, the differences on the principle of operation are not, except for one, the chain transmits the pulling force and the power through the ends of the axes of the links of the chain, performed in the beveled form.

Tori variators

For greater transmission of torque, tori variators are used, compared with the clinorenic transmissions. For them, the disadvantages that are available in clinorem transmissions are preserved, both in one and the second transmission occurs with the help of friction.

The cost of the main variator is higher than the Klinorenny, this is caused by the details of its design, made of high-strength steel, and in its service it is used special friction grease.

For a better understanding of the issue, consider what it consists of practical design of the variator:

From the above material, it can be seen that the variator can be viewed as a type of automatic transmission and repair it independently not easyFor this you need to have skills and know its design:

The clutch function on the car with the variator performs a sprocket package, a torque converter can be used instead. Frictions use easier, they are smaller in size, but the smooth inclusion of speeds is better at the hydrotransformer, it is operated longer, its parameters are better at the time of overclocking the car.
Planetary transmission provides car movement back.
The control system includes: control unit, hydraulic pulleys interaction system, sensors. It works on the principle of data collection (engine speed, what is the speed of the car, in what position the "gas pedal") and the definitions for them are better gear ratio.
Hydraulic pump provides the desired pressure in the hydraulic system, as well as the lubrication of the design elements of the variator. The system supports the pressure proportional to the spinning moment when it is greater, the discs are stronger, the belts do not slip.

On the example of Auto Auto Auto NissanYou can consider more Repair of the variator with your own hands. The problem occurs when the car moves at a speed of 50-60 km / h, the variator begins to make an unpleasant noise, this is a common disease for this brand of auto.

Tools required for the repair of the variator:

Impact screwdriver, not electrical, powerful.
Clamps 6 pieces.
A hammer.
Set of keys 10-14.
Prepare a container for small spare parts.

In the process of disassembling the variator, all parts have on the working surface in the sequence of their removal, it will help when assembling the device.

Actions performed in order:

We unscrew the bolts from the cutting cap, their 6 pieces.
A screwdriver must be clinging for the edges of the disassemble and remove it.
We see a conical bearing, which should be removed and placed in the container in which there are already 6 bolts.
Transfer the variator.
We take out part of its housing and shaft in this position.
To remove the cover, they cut it with a hammer, remove the lid, it is 50% of the work.
Six open, remove them, fold into another container.
We unscrew the available pump screws, remove the gear with the pump chain.
Opened access to the oil pump. Remove neatly, for the tip of the shaft movement up, the pump is moving away.
The shaft is removed. On the other hand, the box turns out everything removed.
Again turn the variator and remove the cover using a screwdriver.
Access to the variator nodes is available, these are two shafts and a belt. An inspection of nodes visually from all sides with good lighting.
Clamps can be torn straps, then remove the pulleys with a belt from the case of the variator.
On the working surface, remove the pulleys from the belt. Bearing opens if you can feel the uneven backlash for its ring, which causes noise.
We replace the bearing and perform an assembly in the reverse order.

So with their own hands was eliminated noise in automatic transmissionIt should be noted that all nodes in the disassembly process are washed with gasoline, and when elements that require special lubrication are collected, should be lubricated.

Application of variator in machines

Machine equipment is equipped with a variator in cases where it is necessary to change the rotation speed of the workpiece. In industrial variants of lathes there are several pulleys, and rearrangement of the belt between them, it is inconvenient, such an operation requires stopping of machinery.

An alternative to machine equipment is a homemade variator for the machine. The disadvantage of it is the sprinking of the belt, but it protects the engine when the cloth is wedge. Experts, having considered the self-made variator, came to the conclusion that under the existing shortcomings, it increases the performance of the work, do not turn off the machine, and the speed is adjustable smoothly.

Consider from which the machine variator consists, and how can you make it yourself, when there are a lathe.

Required operations:

We make cones, you can use wood solid rock. They are filled with an electric bike, with an angle of inclination at an equal corner of the cone.
Wooden cones must be placed on metal rods as deeply can be fixed by their screws.
With the help of rollers, the guide is made, which gives the belt in cones and fixing the desired speed. If there are no rollers, this operation uses the desired bearings.
With a threaded rod and a rotating screw, the guide moves along the cones.

The best model can be collected using round belts. At home, for your own lathe, this variator helps significantly in operation.

Variator, its use, positive factors

Cars manufactured with the variator different economy. Since the engine works almost constantly in optimal mode, fewer toxic gas emitted into the air, the best overclocking of the car.

How the variator works

On modern cars applied two types of variators:

Clinorem transfer.
Torus.

Despite the simplicity, the use of the variator in cars began recently, the invention of a special belt contributed to this. A simple belt for these purposes is not suitable.

Belt of the clinorem transmission

Variator belt with clinorem transmission made from 2 metal ribbons. To which plates are rolled out, with a special form with a special form. When the belt links are pressed to each other, the transmission of force is transmitted by pushing them with the drive pulley.

Tori variators

The cost of the main variator is higher than the Klinorenny, this is caused by the details of its design, made of high-strength steel, and in its service it is used special friction grease .

Repair of variator do it yourself

For a better understanding of the issue, consider what it consists of practical design of the variator:

From the above material, it can be seen that the variator can be viewed as a type of automatic transmission and repair it independently not easy. To do this, you need to have skills and know its design:

The clutch function on the car with the variator performs a sprocket package, a torque converter can be used instead. Frictions use easier, they are smaller in size, but the smooth inclusion of speeds is better at the hydrotransformer, it is operated longer, its parameters are better at the time of overclocking the car.
Planetary transmission provides car movement back.
The control system includes: control unit, hydraulic pulleys interaction system, sensors. It works on the principle of data collection (engine speed, what is the speed of the car, in what position the "gas pedal") and the definitions for them are better gear ratio.
Hydraulic pump provides the desired pressure in the hydraulic system, as well as the lubrication of the design elements of the variator. The system supports the pressure proportional to the spinning moment when it is greater, the discs are stronger, the belts do not slip.

On the example of Auto Auto Auto Nissan. You can consider more Repair of the variator with your own hands. The problem occurs when the car moves at a speed of 50-60 km / h, the variator begins to make an unpleasant noise, this is a common disease for this brand of auto.

Tools required for the repair of the variator:

Impact screwdriver, not electrical, powerful.
Clamps 6 pieces.
A hammer.
Set of keys 10-14.
Prepare a container for small spare parts.

In the process of disassembling the variator, all parts have on the working surface in the sequence of their removal, it will help when assembling the device.

Actions performed in order:

We unscrew the bolts from the cutting cap, their 6 pieces.
A screwdriver must be clinging for the edges of the disassemble and remove it.
We see a conical bearing, which should be removed and placed in the container in which there are already 6 bolts.
Transfer the variator.
We take out part of its housing and shaft in this position.
To remove the cover, they cut it with a hammer, remove the lid, it is 50% of the work.
Six open, remove them, fold into another container.
We unscrew the available pump screws, remove the gear with the pump chain.
Opened access to the oil pump. Remove neatly, for the tip of the shaft movement up, the pump is moving away.
The shaft is removed. On the other hand, the box turns out everything removed.
Again turn the variator and remove the cover using a screwdriver.
Access to the variator nodes is available, these are two shafts and a belt. An inspection of nodes visually from all sides with good lighting.
Clamps can be torn straps, then remove the pulleys with a belt from the case of the variator.
On the working surface, remove the pulleys from the belt. Bearing opens if you can feel the uneven backlash for its ring, which causes noise.
We replace the bearing and perform an assembly in the reverse order.

So with their own hands was eliminated noise in automatic transmission. It should be noted that all nodes in the process of disassembly are washed with gasoline, and when elements that require special lubricant are collected, should be lubricated.

Application of variator in machines

Machine equipment is equipped with a variator in cases where it is necessary to change the rotation speed of the workpiece. In industrial variants of lathes there are several pulleys. And the rearrangement of the belt between them, it is inconvenient, such an operation requires stopping of machinery.

An alternative to the operation of machine equipment is. The disadvantage of it is the sprinking of the belt, but it protects the engine when the cloth is wedge. Experts, having considered the self-made variator, came to the conclusion that under the existing shortcomings, it increases the performance of the work, do not turn off the machine, and the speed is adjustable smoothly.

Consider from which the machine variator consists, and how can you make it yourself, when there are a lathe.

We make cones, you can use wood solid rock. They are filled with an electric bike, with an angle of inclination at an equal corner of the cone.
Wooden cones must be placed on metal rods as deeply can be fixed by their screws.
With the help of rollers, the guide is made, which gives the belt in cones and fixing the desired speed. If there are no rollers, this operation uses the desired bearings.
With a threaded rod and a rotating screw, the guide moves along the cones.

The best model can be collected using round belts. At home, for your own lathe, this variator helps significantly in operation.

Homemade variator for machine

Different operations performed on the same machine may require different rotational speeds of the workpiece (if it is a lathe). Therefore, the machines are often supplied at several pulleys groups at once, which allow you to change the rotation speed of the workpiece, rearrangement of the transmission belt. The main disadvantage of this method is the need to stop the machine. Alternatively, a variable transmission (variator) from a tree can be made alternative to the homemade machine.

Such a homemade variator, of course, is not deprived of the shortcomings, the main of which is probably more belt slipping than in a clinorem transmission, although greater belt slippage is a good engine protection when enchanting the workpiece. However, even such a variator allows you to change the rotation speed of the workpiece without turning off the machine, moreover, the speed is adjustable smoothly.

So, we will analyze how to make the variator with your own hands. Cones are made from wood (better solid), and to make them, it is not necessary to have a lathe. The cone can be collected from separate discs with a junk at an angle of equal angle of the cone, while to cut this disk does not necessarily have an electrolovik, it can be done with a conventional logby. When assembling a cone from disks, the latter bonded or nailed to each other with cloves (it is important to remember the symmetry affecting the center of gravity and as a result on vibration).

Drinking the harvesting by an electroll bison at an angle of equal angle of inclination of the cone

It is desirable that the cones are planted for metal rods as deep as possible. On the rods of the cones are fixed by screws.

To move the belt along the cones and its fixation in the desired position, the guide is made of the rollers.

Directing of homemade variator

Instead of rollers, you can use both bearings, if the bearings are not wide enough, you can put two (and more, in special stores small bearings cheap) bearing nearby. You can try to do without bearings using fluoroplast, however, it is most likely it will cost more bearings.

Warmator made with her hands

To make bending it is necessary to cut a piece of metal

The guide moves along the cones due to the movement of the nut, which is screwed onto a freely rotating screw or a threaded rod. In order for the screw (threaded rod) to be moved along the cones, the end of the screw should be screwed two washers and tighten them relative to each other (in cases of a threaded rod, it should be done at both ends). The guide nut can either solder or glue. Rollers are part of furniture fittings.

It is advisable to make a handle to rotate the screw, for example, something like this:

The handle can not be soldered, but to hold between the nuts, if there is a hole in the center of the plate. The handle, of course, is also whole of wood.

The variator will work better with a rifle of the round.

Using a strap with a circular cross section

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Variator for machine with your own hands

When working on a lathe, very often the need for different speeds of rotation of the workpiece arises. This is explained by the fact that with different operations it is necessary. As a result, turning machines, and not only, equipped with whole groups of pulleys. These pulleys, in turn, allow you to change the speed of rotation of the billets, throw the transfer belt to a specific point. There are some disadvantages in this, related to the fact that the machine must be stopped and so on. Therefore, as a solution to the problem, we suggest you make a homemade variator for the machine.

It cannot be said that this option has no problems and its drawbacks. On the contrary, there are such disadvantages, and the main one of them is essential belt slipping, in comparison with the clinorem transmission. But, such a slipping is a good protection of the motor from the jams of blanks. In addition, even such a simple way allows you to change the speed of rotation of the blanks, without turning off the machine, and the speed of rotation will be adjusted very smoothly.

Well, let's see how to make such a variator personally. First of all, it is necessary to make wooden cones, choosing the solid tree of the tree. Cones not necessarily do with the machine. They can be made of disks cut by the jigsaw. So, it is necessary to cut them under such an angle, which will be equal to the corner of the cone. Therefore, to make such an operation, it is far from being necessary to use an electric jigsaw, quite conspicuous and manual. When all the discs are cut, they need to be collected in one single cone. So, the discs can be placed on good glue, or to knock down nails. At the same time, use small nails and note that they need to be navigated evenly, so as not to violate the center of gravity cone. Thus, be extremely attentive.

Sawing the blanks of the jib, according to the corners described above

Now that cones are ready, they must be put on the rods from the metal. Moreover, it is necessary to start as close as possible and stronger. After you installed the cone on the rod in the final position, do not forget to fix them with screws.

So the cones are fixed

In order for the belt to freely move along the cones, and fix in the position you need, you need to make a guide on the rollers. In the figure below, you can clearly see the design of the guides, and you can use wooden coils as rollers to which threads are usually wound.

And so looks guiding on the rollers

Also, as rollers you can take ordinary ball bearings. Even if they are not wide enough, you can set two, three or more bearings depending on which size they are, and what size track on which they will move. And of course, you can use fluoroplastic rollers, as shown in the figure, but this option will cost more than the rest.

After the guide is ready, it will have to move along the cones by moving the nut. In turn, this nut is screwed onto a rotating screw (and freely rotating), or a threaded bar. But, so that the screw could not move along our cones, not his end screwed two piles, which are tightened relative to themselves. If a threaded rod is used, do such an operation on both sides. You can glue the guide nut with glue, or solder.

Also, you need to make a handle that will rotate the screw. Here, you can do it as tells you your experience, but as an example, we give a picture with the execution of such a handle.

In this case, the handle is not necessarily soldered. It is enough to hold it between the nuts, of course, if there is a hole in the center of this plate.

We remind you that the stable and normal operation of the variator will be using a row belt. Therefore, do not miss important details, and proceed to the manufacture of a self-made variator with a fantasy, experimenting on one or another solution.

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It is desirable that the cones are planted for metal rods as deep as possible. On the rods of the cones are fixed by screws.

To move the belt along the cones and its fixation in the desired position, the guide is made of the rollers.

It is advisable to make a handle to rotate the screw, for example, something like this:

The handle can not be soldered, but to hold between the nuts, if there is a hole in the center of the plate. The handle, of course, is also whole of wood.

The variator will work better with a rifle of the round.

When using the content of this site, you need to put active links to this site visible by users and search robots.

Definition

Principle of operation

Variator device

A few words - about oil and filter

Variator, its use, positive factors

How the variator works

Belt of the clinorem transmission

Tori variators

Application of variator in machines

Variator, its use, positive factors

How the variator works

Belt of the clinorem transmission

Tori variators

Repair of variator do it yourself

Application of variator in machines

Homemade variator for machine

Variator for machine with your own hands

New equipment search engine, spare parts and accessories For snowmobiles and other motorcycles!

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Homemade centrifugal grip on the motorcycle

Read also

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