The main electronic systems of the modern car
The modern car is already difficult to submit without various electronic systems of managers and controlling the work of various nodes and aggregates. Currently, onboard control systems based on electronic control units (ECU) received widespread.
All electronic functional blocks can be classified into three basic control systems: engine; transmission and chassis; Equipment of the cabin and safety of the car.
In the world, a large variety of engine management systems are developed and serially produced. These systems on the principle of action have a lot in common, but also differ significantly.
The gasoline engine control system provides optimal operation by controlling injection. Fuel, ignition advance angle, engine speed of the crankshaft engine at idle and diagnostics. The electronic control system of the diesel engine controls the amount of injected fuel, the moment of starting the injection, the current of the torch candle, etc.
In the electronic transmission control system, the control object is mainly automatic transmission. Based on the sensor signals of the opening angle of the throttle valve and the velocity of the car, the optimal gear number of the transmission and the clutch is turned on. The transmission control system compared with the previously used hydromechanical system increases the accuracy of the transfer of the gear ratio, simplifies the control mechanism, increases efficiency and handling. The management of the chassis includes the management of motion processes, changes in the trajectory and braking of the car. They affect the suspension, steering and brake system, ensure the maintenance of the specified speed of movement.
The control of the salon equipment is designed to increase the comfort and consumer value of the car. For this purpose, air conditioning, an electronic instrument panel, a multifunctional information system, compass, headlights, a wiper with an intermittent operation mode, an indicator of burned lamps, an obstacle detection device when moving by reversing windows, seats with a variable position. Electronic security systems include: anti-theft devices, communication equipment, central locking door locks, security modes, etc.
Each electronic system of the modern car is controlled by an electronic control unit of the ECU (ECU). They relate to brakes, transmissions, suspension, protection system, climatic installation, navigation, and other. On the set of ECU functions are similar to each other as much as the corresponding control systems are like. Actual differences can be great, but power issues, interaction with relays and other solenoid loads are identical to various ECUs. One of the most important is the engine control unit. The list of depicted electronic control units (ECU) defines the variety of installed electronic systems, in order by the example of AUDI A6
ECU manifold in a modern car on the example of Audi A6
1. Autonomous heater control unit
2. Control unit ABS brakes with EDS
3. Safe Distance Maintenance System Management Unit
4. Transmitter of the tire pressure control system, front left
5. The onboard network control unit
6. Control unit in the door of the driver
7. Access and Start Control Unit
8. Control unit in instrument combination
9. Electronic appliance control unit on the steering column
10. Phone control unit, telematic system
11. Engine control unit
12. CLIMATRONIC control unit
13. Seat adjustment control unit with storage device and steering column adjustment ;;
14. The adjustment control unit of the road lumen; Contactor control unit
15. CD changer; CD-ROM drive
16. Control unit in the rear left door
17. AIR-BAG system control unit
18. Car rotation speed sensor around vertical axis
19. Control unit in front passenger door
20. The front passenger seat adjustment control unit with a storage device
21. Control unit in the rear right door
22. Transmitter of tire pressure control system, rear left
23. Radio of the parking heater
24. Navigation system control with a CD drive; Voice input control unit ;;
25. Transmitter of tire pressure control system, rear right
26. Parking relief control unit
27. Central Comfort System Control Unit
28. Electrical parking "manual" control unit brake
29. Power management unit (battery manager)
Currently, the most important and economically justified is the widespread introduction of electronic systems, allowing to improve the characteristics and reduce the cost of operation of the engine and transmission, as well as systems for improving security.
Today, no one will not surprise the abundance of electronics in the car, especially high class. The number of electronic systems and components in the car is so great and varied that sometimes you can get confused in all its abundance.
E-automotive electronics and diagnostics of malfunctions of cars of Russian and foreign production. Here you will find a description, a device and principles of operation of the whole manifold of electronic systems of a modern car.
All materials and software posted on the site and accessible to download are non-commercial, distributed free of charge. And do not assume responsibility for the possible damage caused to you or your car as a result of the inept or incorrect application of materials and programs.
Amendments are welcome, add-ons, on the subject of the site. If you have programs, articles or interesting links Large request - send.
E lecturers of modern cars on the example of Audi A6
http://awtoel.narod.ru.
There are a huge number of engine control systems and their modifications. To do this, consider various options for EsD, which ever were installed on mass produced cars.
Esud is an electronic engine control system or a simple engine computer. It reads data from engine sensors and transmits instructions on actuators. This is done that the engine worked in the optimal mode for it and retained the norms of toxicity and fuel consumption.
Review Here on the example of VAZ injector cars. We break the ECM to some groups on criteria.
Manufacturer of electronic management system
For VAZ cars, Bosch, General Motors and domestic production engine control systems were used. If you want to replace any detail of the injection system, such as Bosch production, it will be impossible, because Details are non-violent. But the domestic fuel injection details are sometimes similar to the details of foreign production.Varieties of controllers
On VAZ cars you can find the following types of controllers:- January 5 - production Russia;
- M1.5.4 - production Bosch;
- MR7.0 - production Bosch;
Types of injection
This parameter can be divided into a central (single-point) and distributed (multipoint) fuel injection. In the central injection system, the nozzle supplies fuel into the inlet pipe in front of the throttle. In distributed injection systems, each cylinder has its own nozzle, which supplies fuel directly in front of the intake valve.Distributed injection systems are divided into phased and not phased. In non-phased fuel injection systems, can be carried out by all nozzles at one time or pairs of nozzles. In phased fuel injection systems, each nozzle is carried out.
Norms toxicity
At different times, cars were gathered, which corresponded to the requirements of standards for the toxicity of exhaust gases from "Euro-0" to "Euro-4". Cars that comply with the norms "Euro-0" are available without neutralizers, gasoline vapor capture systems, oxygen sensors.You can distinguish the car in the completion of the Euro-3 from the car with a complete set of "Euro-2" by the presence of an uneven road sensor, the appearance of the adsorber, and by the number of oxygen sensors in the outlet engine exhaust system (in the configuration "Euro-2" it is one, And in the configuration "Euro-3" their two).
Definitions and concepts
Controller - The main component of the E-Court. Evaluates information from the sensors about the current mode of operation of the engine, performs sufficiently complex calculations and manages the actuating mechanisms.Air Flow Sensor (DMRV) - converts the value of the mass of air entering the cylinders into the electrical signal.
Speed \u200b\u200bsensor - Converts the velocity value of the car into an electrical signal.
Oxygen sensor - converts the value of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases after the neutralizer to the electrical signal.
Oxygen control sensor - converts the value of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases to the neutralizer to the electrical signal.
Sensor uneven expensive - Converts the magnitude of the body vibration into an electrical signal.
Phase sensor - Its signal informs the controller that the piston of the first cylinder is located in the VMT (upper dead point) on the compression ratio of the fuel and air mixture.
Cooling fluid temperature sensor - converts the temperature of the coolant temperature into the electrical signal.
Sensor position crankshaft - Converts the angular position of the crankshaft into an electrical signal.
Throttle position sensor - Converts the value of the opening angle of the throttle into an electrical signal.
Knock sensor - converts the magnitue of the mechanical noise of the engine into an electrical signal.
Ignition module - element of the ignition system, accumulating energy to ignite the mixture in the engine and provides high voltage on the spark plug electrodes.
Nozzle - Element of the fuel feed system, providing the dosing of fuel.
Fuel pressure control - The element of the fuel feed system that ensures the constancy of the fuel pressure in the feed line.
Adsorber - the main element of the gasoline vapor capture system.
Module Benzonasosa - Element of the fuel feed system, providing overpressure in the fuel line.
Adsorber purge valve - element of the gasoline vapor capture system, controlling the process of blowing the adsorber.
Fuel filter - Element of the fuel supply system, fine filter.
Neutralizer - Element of the engine injection system to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases. As a result of a chemical reaction with oxygen in the presence of a carbon oxide catalyst, CH hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are converted into nitrogen, water, as well as in carbon dioxide.
Diagnostic lamp - element of the on-board diagnostic system, which informs the driver about the presence of a malfunction in court.
Diagnostic connector - element of the on-board diagnostic system, to connect diagnostic equipment.
Idling regulator - Element of a system of maintaining an idle stroke, which adjusts the air to the engine at idle.
This article discusses electronic components of cars that they represent and how they work.
ABS ("Antiblock Brake System")
ABS - brake anti-lock system. This system allows you to avoid blocking the wheels with a sharp braking or in braking on a slippery road. The control unit presses several times and releases the blocks brakes, as a result of which the wheels begin to rotate. Consists of: acceleration sensors (speeds) installed on wheel hubs; control valves that are installed in the braking system highway; Control unit receiving signals from sensors and valve controlling.
During braking ABS constantly and accurately defines the speed of rotation of all wheels. If one or more wheels slow down the movement faster than the calculated speed and, based on accelerometer readings, the ABS commands in the braking system that limits the braking force on the wheel (wheels). The braking force after the rotation of the wheel comes to the permissible norm is restored.
4WS ("4 Wheel Steer")
4WS - 4 controlled wheels. Special steering mechanisms are built into the rear suspension, with the help of which the wheels are rotated. Control is carried out by a special electronic unit based on speed data, steering and wheel turning angle, etc., obtained from car sensors.
The operation of the system is carried out in two modes:
- At low speed, the rear wheels rotate in the opposite direction from the front wheels, and when performing a maneuver, the steering wheel rotates to a smaller angle. That is, the sensitivity of the steering and the car becomes more maneuverable.
- With a high speed of movement during rebuilding or rapid, the rear wheels turn into the same side only on a small angle as the front wheels.
ACC (Active Cruise Control)
ACC - Active Cruise Control. This system uses a three-beam radar for tracking expensive ahead of the car. If an in front of the car is rebuilt on your strip, the ACC determines its movement directions and the position, and also calculates the approximate speed based on the radar signal data. The system changes the vehicle speed to save the safe distance between cars. Reducing the speed is carried out by reducing the car traction or using brakes. The value of the safe distance can be adjusted by the settings.
ACC ("Active Comening Control")
ACC is an automatic system of stabilizing the cross position of the body in turns and the changeable stroke of the suspension. Can also be called ACE, CATS, CBC, BCS. ACC works with ABS to prevent the rear axle demolition when high speed corners. ACC is built on the redistribution of loads between the elements of the suspension. In the lateral slope (roll), the thrust moves to different sides (one drops, the other rises). The middle part twists.
ACS is trying to raise the body from the side of the tilt, and with the opposite - omit. Thus, the ass provides the alignment of the car to the road plane. In addition to alignment, it is also achieved an increase in the coupling properties of the car's wheels with an expensive when turning.
AGS ("Adaptive Getriebe-Steuerung")
BA (BRAKE ASSIST)
BA is an electronic pressure control system in the hydraulic brake system. Also called PABS, PA, BAS. BA independently increases the pressure in the brake system, if necessary, either insufficient efforts to the pedal.
Moreover, the increase in pressure occurs much faster than the person could do. Emergency braking recognition occurs in the speed of pressing pedals and pressure on the pedal
D-4.
D-4 - Technology of direct fuel injection. Fuel is supplied directly to the combustion chamber of high pressure. Thanks to this technology, the operational characteristics of the engine significantly increase. The fuel flow rate is reduced, the level of harmful substances in the gas decreases.
DAC ("DowNhill Acess Control")
DAC is a descent system on the slope. When driving with steep descents, if the DAC system determines that the wheel speed is less than the velocity of the vehicle, then it automatically changes the braking force on different wheels.
DAC provides speeds in the area of \u200b\u200b5-7km / h, which is ideal for steep descents, and 3-5km / h when moving with reverse moves on steep descents.
DBC ("Dynamic Brake Control")
DBC is a system of dynamic braking control. DBC is an add-on to DSC (dynamic resistance control). Approximately 90% of drivers are not able to perform emergency braking on time. Despite the sharp pressing of the brake pedal, the pressure on the pedal is insufficient and the subsequent increase in pressure increases the brake power slightly. As a result, brake power is not completely used.
The DBS system allows you to accelerate and strengthen the increase in pressure in the brake system in case of emergency braking and provides a minimum braking path even if the brake pedal is not connected. The determining values \u200b\u200bare the data: the rate of pressure increases and the force applied to the pedal. The DBS system does not work on a vacuum principle, but on the principle of hydraulic gain. In case of emergency braking, such a system provides the best and most accurate dosage of braking effort.
DDE ("Diesel Digital Elekronik")
DDE - electronic digital system. DDE regulates the start of the injection, the amount of fuel supplied and the pressure of the boost, which ensures the most optimal compliance of these parameters in all modes of engine operation, even in extreme modes.
The car is becoming more economical (fuel consumption), crashed (engine operation smooth) and eco-friendly (toxicity in exhaust gases). Tracking the force of pressure on the gas pedal, its position allows you to more accurately calculate the time, the amount, as well as the fuel injection pressure, which adapts the operating mode of the engine for various conditions and ride style.
DME ("Digital Motor Elekronik")
DME - electronic digital engine control system. DME manages and control by all functions (ignition, fuel injection). DME supports optimal power with the smallest toxicity and fuel consumption. Sensors constantly monitor all the parameters that affect the operation of the engine. The incoming data from the sensors is estimated and encoded into the ignition and injection system commands.
DME processes the order of 1000 signals every second, among which signals from the temperature sensors of the cooling system, the position of the throttle, density and air temperature, the position of the crankshaft, vehicle speed, the position of the gas pedal. DME conducts a comparison of all incoming signals with the reactions of other systems. If one of the DME sensors malfunction uses the default value for this parameter from memory. Also DME is tracking for the performance of electrical equipment. Using various sensors, the battery charge level is measured and its condition, as well as the consumption of electricity currently. By supporting the battery in a working condition, the DME provides a guaranteed start of the engine at an arbitrary moment.
EBD ("Electronic Brake Distribution")
EBD - electronic brake force distribution system. Also called EBV. It works in conjunction with ABS and using electronics ensures a uniform distribution between all brake force wheels. It is necessary for the optimal clutch of each wheel with an expensive based on the speed, car load, the nature of the coating, etc.
In most cases, it is used to eliminate the possibility of blocking the wheels on the rear axle. EBD begins to work up to ABS, or after the latter failure, as a result of the breakdown.
EBM ("ELECTRONIC BRAKE MANAGEMENT")
EBM - electronic control system brakes. In essence, this is the general name of the control systems of brake systems and controllability of these systems, such as ABS, ACS + T, DSC and DBC. Relying on the readings of various sensors, EBM determines the level of intervention required to restore good controllability by car, using one or several control systems at once. To the sensors, the readings of which use EBM include: Roll Angle; the angle of rotation of the steering wheel; Wheel speed sensors and braking power.
EBS ("Electronic Braking System")
EBS - electronic braking system. In EBS, the brake pedal does not have a mechanical connection with the brake system. Another name "Electronic Pedal", the movement of which is converted as an electrical signal and is fed to the control unit. Next, data obtained from sensors (speed, load, steering angle, transverse acceleration) are analyzed. Based on the analysis of these data, the electronics gives the team to its executive mechanisms for regulation of pressure in the contours of the brake system.
ECT ("Electonically Controld Transmission")
ECT is an electronic transmission switching system in the last generation automatic transmission. Considering the position of the throttle, the vehicle speed, the temperature of the engine, determines which transmission to turn on. Thereby ensures the most soft gear shift, and increases the transmission and engine resource. It is possible to install the gear shift algorithm: "Winter", "Economy", "Sport".
CONCLUSION!
These systems greatly influenced the indigenous change in the essence of the modern car. Thanks to electronics, the nodes and mechanisms began to work more reliable, and the transport itself is safer.
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The scientific and technical revolution began his race in the middle of the twentieth century, and still can not stop. This is especially noticeable if you look under the hood of a modern car: the vehicles today turned into real fortresses on wheels that can protect the driver from many troubles. And not the last role in this whole story with a guarantee of a successful trip playing systems of the car.
Citroenovskaya AFIL system, tracking auto position relative to marking
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Every day, automotive concerns constructors complicate car drawings, making them all the precipitory and incomprehensible for an ordinary user. Today, the Ball has the rights of intellectual security systems, as well as various means providing comfortable driving. And if you consider that the situation on the roads of the world, to put it mildly, far from the ideal, then a car that is not equipped with modern means of passive and active safety, everything is more difficult to "break through" to the buyer.
ABS - anti-lock system
A task ABS(anti-Lock Braking System) It is to prevent blocking the wheels of the slow-moving car, as well as maintain its handling and coursework stability.
When the wheels are blocked, and the car, it seems, is about to break into the skid, the electronics begins to produce brake pads to "release" and "press", which makes it possible to turn the wheels. The effectiveness of the ABS system depends primarily on how well it is configured. If, for example, it works too early, then the braking path can significantly increase.
Operating principle
The mechanism of operation ABS is quite simple. Wheel rotation sensors make signals that enter the computer analyzing them. It is like imitation of the actions of a professional driver, which uses the method of intermittent braking.
How effective is this system? It should be immediately noted that from the moment of its appearance, disputes do not smell over the more benefit from it or still harm. But, be that as it may, even the opponents of ABS cannot ignore its useful qualities such as a significant reduction in the braking path, as well as maintaining control over multi-torque cars during emergency braking. Yes, when the ABS is triggered, it is very difficult to calculate the length of the braking path, but it is better to stop in complete ignorance unknown for how many meters to the lamppost than to "kiss" it, for sure, how much the car will stretch during braking. Two opposing camps decided to come together on the fact that ABS would have to be like in inexperienced drivers, and "Schumachers" will always be able to replay the system. But we speak with you about the revolutionary scientific thought, because today it can be safely argued that in the fight "ABS - an experienced driver" a unconditional victory will become, of course, electronics.
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Modern multichannel ABSs allow you to get rid of even from the vibration of the brake pedal when the system is enabled. Once the reason for the traffic accidents became a sharp trigger of ABS: the pedal began to vibrate, and the car was moaning, therefore inexperienced motorists were afraid and released the brake. Today you need to be extremely sensitive to feel, as ABS works, which is a standard complete set of almost all cars. At the same time, it serves as the basis for other more complex electronic security systems.
ASR - Anti-System System
At the system ASR.(anti-Slip Regulation) There are a lot of titles, the most common of which are TRC, or " trackshch control», STC., ASC + T. and Tracs. This active car safety system functions in a tight bundle with ABS and EBD and is intended to prevent wheel slip, regardless of the state of the roadway and the effort used to press the gas pedal. As we have already told above, many security systems are based on ABS. So ASR uses anti-lock sensors, fixing the protrusion of the drive wheels, reduces the rotation of the motor and, if such a need arises, slows down the wheels, providing an effective set of speed. In other words, even if you're "clutch" a gas pedal to the floor, ASR will not give to burn rubber and engage in grinding asphalt.
Today cars are equipped with even night vision devices
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The main assignment of ASR is to ensure the stability of the car with a sharp start or when driving up the mountain in a skill. The "scrolling" of the wheels is leveled due to the redistribution of the torque of the power plant on the wheels, which at the moment have better grip with the road web. For ASR there are certain limitations. For example, it works exclusively at speeds that do not exceed 40 km / h.
disadvantages
It is impossible not to say about some of the shortcomings of this system. So, ASR will very much to interfere with experienced drivers trying to pull the stuck "in the star". The system will not be at the time and do not slow down and drop gas. There are cases when the anti-slip system has "stifled" the engine that the car could not move at all.
Or, for example, active drivers. They ASR sticks sticks in the wheels with a controlled drift by controlling this skid. But this does not matter any comparison with the benefit that the system brings: it blocks the differential, slows down the wheel loaded in the rotation, and equalizes the rotation speed of the wheels, allowing you to use the car torque of the car as efficiently as possible.
Many automakers today forget about Street Reisers and make an ASR untouched. But can our inventive drivers stop something? They simply remove the fuse and indulge as a rider's ambitions. However, there is also their own "but": if you are confident that ASR will prevent you from put on a leash speed, we remind that this system is used in the Formula 1 cars.
EBD - distribute brake force
EBD.(electronic Brake Distribution.), or EBV.- This is an active security system that is responsible for the distribution of brake efforts between all the wheels. Again, EBD always works in parallel with the fundamental ABS.
It is noteworthy that EBD begins to act before the ABS reaction, or insures the latter if it is faulty. Since these systems are closely related and always work in a pair, then in the catalogs it is very often possible to meet ABS + EBD abbreviation.
Thanks to EBD, we get the optimal clutch of the wheels with an expensive, significantly increased coursework cars during emergency braking, as well as a guarantee that control over the car will not be lost even in a critical situation. In addition, the system takes into account factors such as the position of the car relative to the road and the loading of the vehicle.
Brake Assistant - Safe Braking
Brake Assist. (BAS, DBS, PA, PABS) It is an active car security system that works in one sled with ABS and EBD. It turns on at the time of emergency braking, when the driver is not strong enough, but quite sharply presses the brake pedal. Brake Assist independently measures the effort and speed of pressing the pedal and, if necessary, immediately increases the pressure level in the brake line. This makes it possible to brake to be as efficient and significantly reduced the braking path.
Brake Assist.
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The system knows how to distinguish the panic actions of drivers or those moments when they are quite a long time cut on the brake pedal. Bas will not work with sharp braking, which are included in the category "projected". Many believe that this system is an assistant mainly for representatives of the weak gender, because in lovely ladies sometimes simply lacks forces for emergency braking. Therefore, in the critical situation, the BRAKE ASSIST system comes to the rescue, which and "waivers" the brake to the maximum slowdown.
EDL: blocked differential
EDL(electronic Differential Lock.), which else is called EDS.- This is a system that is responsible for blocking the differential. This electronic assistant makes it possible to increase the overall safety of the car, improve its thrust characteristics under adverse conditions, facilitate the moment of starting, provides intensive acceleration, as well as the movement on the rise.
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The differential lock system determines the angular velocity of each of the drive wheels and compares the results obtained. If the angular velocities do not coincide, for example, when slipping one of the wheels, the EDL slows down the axle wheel until its rotation speed is compared at the speed of another master. If the difference in rotation frequency reaches a mark of 110 revolutions per minute, the system turns on automatically and acts without any restrictions at speeds up to 80 km / h.
HDC: Control the craving during the descent
HDC.(hill Descent Control), as well as Dacand DDS.- Electronic traction control system for descent from how many and steep slopes. The functioning of the system is carried out through the bracketing of the wheels and the "stroke" of the power unit, but at the same time there is a fixed speed limit within 7 km / h (at the rear period, the speed does not exceed 6.5 km / h). This is a passive system, which is turned on, and turns off the driver itself. Adjustable speed on the descent fully depends on the original velocity of the vehicle, as well as from the transfer turned on.
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The system controlling the speed allows you to be distinguished from the brake pedal and focus exclusively on control. All all-wheel drive vehicles are completed with this system. HDC, in automatic mode, turning on the stop signals, turns off immediately after the vehicle speed exceeds 60 km / h.
HHC - Lightweight
Unlike the HDC system, helps drivers descend with steep slopes, HHC.(hill Hold Control) Prevents the machine rollback when moving uphill. Alternative names of this security system are USS.and HAC..
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At the moment when the driver ceases to interact with the brake pedal, HDC continues to keep the high level of pressure in the brake system. Only at the moment when the motorist will press the gas pedal quite strongly, the pressure decreases, and the car begins to move from the scene.
ACC: in a cruise on the car
ACC.(active Cruise ControlIt is an adaptive cruise control used to maintain a given speed vehicle and monitor safe distance. PBA(pREDICTIVE BRAKE ASSIST.) It is a predictive braking system that works in conjunction with adaptive cruise control.
Cruise control
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If the distance to ahead of the running auto is reduced, the system begins to slow down until the distance is restored to the specified level. If ahead of the running car begins to distance, the ACC begins to add speed.
PDC - Parking under the control
PDC.(parking Distance Control), in common Parktronik- A system using ultrasound sensors to determine the distance to the obstacle and allows you to control the distance during parking.
Parktronic
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How large is the distance to the nearest obstacle, the driver inform special signals whose frequency changes when the distance is reduced - the closer the car to the dangerous area, the shorter the pause between the individual signals. After 20 cm remains before the obstacle, the signal becomes continuous.
ESP - Currency Stability Guarantee
At the system ESP.(electronic Stability Program), probably, the most alternative names in which the damn neck of the thigh will be broken: ESC, VDC, DSTC, VSC, DSC, VSA, ATTS or Stabilitrac.. This active security system is responsible for the rate of car stability and works with ABS and EBD.
At that moment, when the risk of drift arises, ESP comes to the scene. After analyzing the speed of rotation of the wheels, the pressure in the brake line, the position of the steering wheel, the angular speed and the transverse acceleration, ESP for some 20 milliseconds calculates which wheels you need to slow down and how much the engine turnover needs to be reduced in order to stabilize the car.
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Electronic security systems do not at all turn our cars in highly intelligent robots that will be able to do all the work for the driver. The cornerstone in this case remains the driver, who should be able to soberly assess the road situation, its capabilities and the possibility of his car. And, as is well known, dangerous illusion than the illusion of its own invulnerability does not exist.
It seems that humanity has long been entering the world of electronic technologies. The silicone age began a very rapid development and it seems nothing can stop this run of modernity. All electronic gadgets extremely firmly entered the life of a modern person and give, imaginary complete control in many situations in life. Why imaginary? Well, let's see. We will try to give answers to questions of interest.
Electronic helpers on cars.
Many motorists buying modern vehicles, especially when they went to the larger class cars, or old cars that did not have such systems are faced with the same problem, all of them have one interesting feature. They are overly starting to trust the car, entrust its systems to their safety and control of the machine, mistakenly believing that the devices installed on them can prevent a serious accident and it is possible to fully rely on them.
Such an approach leads to the fact that drivers begin to neglect the safety rules exceed the speed, use their mobile phones right behind the wheel, without thinking about the consequences and possible problems.
Car owners believe that the car will not only protect them in the accident, but it can completely prevent it. This is a big misconception. Modern electronic technologies, although they develop with seven-world steps, but have not yet reached the power and human brain functional. Simply put, the most perfect computer of all is the human brain and there is nothing better now. So, it is worth trusting yourself, your experience, intuition, reactions, do not distract and be extremely attentive driving any car. Your duties can not perform any electronic system. And it will not seem to be in the next few years, that's for sure.
As companies promise to launch their autonomous cars into production and for some time after that it will be possible to see serial samples of cars, moving along the roads of general use without the need for the driver to interfere with the management process. But repeat how at least five more than five years should pass. In the meantime ... While whatever high-tech cars seemed to be completely, 100%, you should not trust.
Not so long ago, a person has had to solve many tasks at once, every second. But slowly, with the arrival of the first pure mechanical, then electrical, and in the past few decades of electronic systems, it seems that all this goes into the past, now the car has been following the security, there is no way.
These electronic assistants make one, but a very serious problem. It's no secret that the technique sometimes works not perfect. Simply put she had glitches. Even if the manufacturer has installed very powerful computers with extremely sensitive reliable sensors, an unexpected failure may occur, especially in cases where the data is obtained from external sensors that can be damaged or incorrectly interpret the external environment.
Plus, such technologies came to the market not so long ago. This means that automakers are currently passing the stage of trial and error. That is, no matter how seriously they approached the safety of their cars, the unknown miscalculation can "emerge" in a year, two, or even more, during the operation of the car. But since the life of only one and the second chance to get out of the critical situation may not be, then we ourselves need to be extremely attentive and not trust blind, seeming perfect and garbage technologies.
Of course, some cars have besides this and the system warning system, which will first warn the driver about the impending danger, and in the extreme case automatic braking will apply if the driver does not respond on time, but, taking into account the disassembled situation, the accident can hardly be avoided.
And this we do not even mention the garbage and dirt that can safely block the normal operation of the sensors system.
Lane Keeping Assist (Lower Move Assistance System)
This uses cameras to "see" the road stripes and save your car on one of the bands. Theoretically, this system can be completely autonomous, but also as in the case described above, not all is so rosy.
Again, if you are too confident in the effectiveness of this system, then believe me, most likely, it will be able to send you to a cuvette in the next tens of kilometers or in a passing car.
This security system relies exclusively on one thing, these are white and yellow lines on the asphalt. So that she did his job well, she needs to see them, and where the lines are erased and are not visible, then there will be no sense from this system. So do not dig in your phone when you turn on the Lane Keeping Assist, be vigilant and follow the situation on the road.
This type of assistant is really effective only in an ideal environment, where the bands are indicated correctly or the additional sensors are mounted in the asphalt, for which your machine will "see" its direction, even if the road is covered with snow.
Blind Spot Monitoring (Blind Zone Control System)
This device uses sensors or cameras installed under each of the external rearview mirrors that continuously scan the "blind zone". On many cars, this unpleasant effect of the "blind zone" does not allow you to completely secure you during rebuilding.
The algorithm of work is extremely simple- if there is a car nearby in the "blind zone", then the sensor worked will notify the illuminated icon on the corresponding out of the mirrors. But, as in previous times there are exceptions. On the road, there are situations in which the sensors will not be able to properly work.
Suppose the car quickly moves behind you, and then, at the last moment, is sharply rebuilt into the neighboring strip. In such a situation, sensors may not show the presence of an extraneous car in the blind zone if you want to rebuild.
Moreover, some systems have not yet learned to detect motorcyclists and cyclists on the street. Two types of vehicles that are extremely suddenly sampled to the sides of your car in the city stream.
Of course, we do not say that these devices are absolutely useless, but it is worth paying attention and monitor their surroundings, even if the pictogram does not catch fire. We never know where you will find where you lose ...
On expensive cars there is a system of active monitoring of "blind zones", which returns the car back to its lane, if she notices the movement in the "blind zone". But again, even this system will not be able to get rid of problems by 100%. After all, it is tied to the "Blind Spot Monitoring" sensors.
Pedestrian Detection (pedestrian detection system)
Typically correlated with a collision warning system. Cameras and / or sensors located on the machine are constantly monitoring the road in front of the car and sidewalk. If those who stand before the pedestrian crossing suddenly go to the road and the driver does not have time to react in time, the brakes automatically work and the car freezes as inserted, without causing harm to people.
But it is ideal. And suddenly the child runs on the road, because of the car, where the system will not see him or even some hurry adult rushes to run the way, what will happen then? Almost 100% can be confident, the car will somete a person, the question is only at what speed.
Although the system will react faster than a simple driver, the physics will not be deceived, no one will cancel the braking path. Hence the output, does not violate the rules, do not exceed the speed, only in this case, this electronic assistant can make your car safer for pedestrians.
Remember, it is necessary only for yourself in this life, especially when you are driving!
