Changes to the rules for the carriage of goods by road, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. 272 \u200b\u200b(hereinafter referred to as the rules) in terms of weight loads entered into force on July 01, 2015.

From July 1, 2015, the maximum varies the allowable total mass for the truck and the axle load. The placement of dividego on the vehicle should be carried out in such a way that the total mass of the vehicle with such a cargo does not exceed the permissible masses of vehicles installed in Appendix No. 1 to the rules:

Appendix 1 to the Rules

Permissible vehicle masses

If the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle exceeds the specified parameters - special permission will be required for such transportation.

Allowable axial loads are also close to the pan-European. The rationing of the load is made on the basis of the load on the group of the axes, and not for each axis separately, as was previously.

Appendix 2 to the rules

Permissible axial vehicle loads

Location of vehicle axes	Distance between the front axles (meters)	Permissible axial loads of wheel vehicles depending on the regulatory (calculated) axial load (tons) and the number of wheels on the axis
		for roads designed for axial load 6 tons / axis<*>	for roads designed for axial load 10 tons / axis	for roads designed for axial load 11.5 tons / axis
Single	from 2.5 m and more		(as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/18/2015 No. 474)
Dual axles of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractors, truck tractors at a distance between the axes (load on the cart, the sum of the axial mass)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Stored axes of trailers, semi-trailers, trucks, car tractors, truck tractors at a distance between the axes (load on the cart, the sum of the axial mass)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	up to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)		21 (22,5 <**>)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Round axles of trucks, car tractors, saddle tractors, trailers and semi-trailers, with the number of axes more than three at a distance between the axes (load on one axis)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)
Frightened axles of vehicles having on each axis of eight and more wheels (load on one axis)	up to 1 (inclusive)
	from 1 to 1.3 (inclusive)
	from 1.3 to 1.8 (inclusive)
	from 1.8 to 2.5 (inclusive)

———————————

<*> In case of establishing the owner of the automotive road of the respective road signs and placement on its official website of the admissible vehicle for the automotive road.

<**> For vehicles with single-chain wheels equipped with a pneumatic or equivalent suspension.

Notes:

1. In brackets are given values \u200b\u200bfor double-tie wheels, without brackets - for single-handed.

2. Axes with single-table and double-circuit wheels combined into a group of retarded axes should be considered as pinned axis with single-sided wheels.

3. For dual and built axes, structurally combined into a common trolley, the allowable axial load is determined by dividing the total permissible load on the trolley to the appropriate number of axes.

4. It is allowed to uneven load distribution over the axes for two-axis and trolleys, if the total load on the trolley does not exceed the permissible, and the load on the most loaded axis does not exceed the permissible axial load of the corresponding (single or dupp) single axis. "

The amount of fees on damage compensation is determined in the manner prescribed by the method of calculating the amount of harm caused by vehicles carrying out the transport of heavy cargo, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2009 No. 934 "On compensation of harm caused by transportation vehicles carrying out heavyweight transport On the roads of the Russian Federation "(as amended by 09.12.2014).

The solidarity responsibility of freight and customers for overvaging the vehicle is introduced.

Control over the weight of heavy trucks and the load on the axis will definitely grow up. Each third point of weight control on federal routes is already fully automated. About 500 new special forces for charging with trucks and almost 200 mobile mobile devices must completely "reduce to zero". Human factor when conducting a wigsbarotometric procedure. Experts of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry noted that where the download is automated, for example, in logistics terminals, the problems of the overload does not occur. This concerns transportation on pallets, household appliances, food. Therefore, experts agree that it is necessary to control the mass of truck and load on the axis at once when traveling from the download location. Most of this should be interested in carriers of bulk cargo, petroleum products, oils and other liquids. In logistics companies, in general, such a proposal finds a positive feedback. In the Russian motor transportation, do not quite agree with this approach. In their opinion, only the carrier and the driver of the vehicle must be responsible for overload and load on the axis. Also, in the Russian motor transportation, notes that no one can give the shipper to provide a guarantee that after the sender downloads the carrier will not help themselves elsewhere.

According to the order of the Federal Road Service of Russia, norms and restrictions were introduced that regulate the maximum size and weight of road transport on the roads. This is done in order to reduce the load on the road surface and prevent possible emergency situations.

General provisions

The main objectives that were pursued in the preparation of these restrictions:

1. Ensuring safety on the roads.
2. Ensuring the safety of the roadway.
3. Ensuring the safety of the car design.

Each road fabric has a specific structure, and road facilities appropriate mass. That is why restrictions were introduced.

General provisions from the order to pay attention to:

1. Restrictions apply only to the general use of federal and territorial importance.
2. If the rules are exceeded, you can only use specialized roads.
3. If the road implies a smaller load, then its owner can establish its norms (federal road service, executive authorities, local governments).
4. If there is a need to reduce the norms of the size and weight of transport, the maintenance state is examined.
5. If there are restrictions on the size and weight of transport, the driver must be informed using the corresponding road signs.
6. Based on the instruction manual from the car manufacturer, a limit on the load distribution over the axes is entered.

Maximum dimensions of the truck

There is an agreement of the CIS countries, according to which possible dimensions of the freight transport.

Maximum length:

• 12 meters for a truck;
• 12 meters for trailer;
• 12 meters for the bus;
• 18 meters for the articulated bus;
• 20 meters for the articulated vehicle and road train.

Maximum width:

• 2.55 meters for any car;
• 2.6 meters for isothermal body.

Maximum height:

• 4 meters for any transport;
• the maximum height is calculated with the body or container.

When calculating length, it does not take into account:

1. Steps to access the body.
2. Lifting platforms.
3. Air duct tubes.
4. Mirrors for review on the roads.
5. Devices for lighting.
6. Seals.
7. Marking plates.
8. Fixtures for tarpaulin fixing.
9. Glass cleaners.

When measuring the height, antennas and pantographs are not taken into account.

When measuring widths are not taken into account:

• fixtures for seals;
• mudguards;
• tool to fasten the tarpaulin;
• lighting;
• steps and suspended platforms;
• retractable stairs;
• mirrors;
• tire pressure indicators and identifying their damage.

Maximum weight of the cargo car

The maximum mass of the truck is:

• 18 tons for a two-axis car;
• 24 tons for a three-ton car;
• 25 tons for a three-axle car with a leading axis of two pairs of wheels;
• 32 tons for a four-axle car with two leading axes.

Maximum weight for combined transport:

• 18 tons for a two-axis trailer;
• 24 tons for a three-axle trailer.

Various mass of the cargo car are allowed if it is:

1. Saddle road train (from 36 to 38 tons).
2. Trailed road train (from 36 to 44 tons).
3. Bus (from 18 to 28 tons).

The maximum weight of the cargo car often depends on the total number of axes and the number of leading axes.

Rules for the entry of trucks in Moscow

By cargo cars, ride in Moscow can only be obtained after receiving a special permit. It is issued in electronic form, for this documents go to the site of the Transport Department.

The following restrictions apply:

1. It is forbidden to enter into Moscow freight transport weighing over 12 tons.
2. It is forbidden to enter into the limits of TTK and SC transport over 1 tons.
3. The restriction is valid from 6:00 to 22:00.
4. To have the opportunity to move around Moscow you need to get a pass.

What gives a pass:

1. MKAD passage is a 24-hour cargo car in the Moscow Ring Road. There is no possibility to pass onto the TTK. Having this document on the TTK can be driven from 6:00 to 22:00.
2. Passing TTK - you can drive around the Moscow Ring Road and TTK around the clock. The restriction acts only on the passage of the garden ring. It will not be possible to move around from 6:00 to 22:00. With this pass, the ecological class must be more than the Euro2 standard.
3. SC pass - allows cargo transport to move throughout Moscow without restrictions. The environmental class also, as in the previous case, should be more than Euro2.

To get a skip need to provide copies of the following documents:

• passports;
• driver's license;
• certificate of registration of the vehicle;
• transport passports;
• lease agreements, if the car is not in personal property.

The skip does not work year-round.

On Friday, Saturday and Sunday, as well as from May 1 to October 1, before festive and weekends, it is forbidden to enter the city to the city from 6:00 to 24:00.

Skip can pick up if:

1. There are unpaid fines on any of the articles of the Code of Administrative Code.
2. It was entry with the zone where this pass does not work.

Responsibility for overload

In Moscow, due to restrictions to enter the city for cargo transport, additional road signs were introduced. They are not spelled out in traffic rules, but their establishment is legal if the question is in advancely agreed with the management of the traffic police.

If the driver violated the restrictions on the entry of freight transport to Moscow, then it is worth a fine of 5 thousand rubles. Regulates this article 12.16 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.

The authorities are so carefully monitoring the mass of the truck and its workload, due to the fact that it affects the condition and durability of the road surface. The overloaded car is hard turning and slows down, which also increases the risk of emergency situations on the roads.

Fines are distinguished depending on the dimensions of transport and mass overload:

1. If there was a deviation from the route list, then it is 2-2.5 thousand rubles.
2. Note in the route list of false data about the weight of the transported cargo - a fine of 10-15 thousand for the driver and 250-400 thousand rubles for the company.
3. If there is no permission for the transport of large-sized goods - fine 2-2.5 thousand rubles.
4. If the dimensions of the machine are more than 10 centimeters more than the norm - a fine of 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
5. If the axis load exceeds 5% of the norm - 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
6. The penalty for other disorders varies from 1 to 15 thousand rubles.

Remember to comply with the rules of the road, as if everyone becomes attention to this, the road surface will serve as long as possible. And the violators will wait for large penalties.

The operation of the truck in the current year provides for a number of specific nuances. The main of them is to prevent the overload of the means of transporting goods. Measure is achieved due to the correct distribution of the load from it the axis of the car, so the question arises reasonably, what permissible load on the axis of the truck in Russia 2019?

General concepts

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In 2013, the legislator introduced new types of categories and subcategories, which was dictated by the emergence of new types of vehicles in the country. To date, there are ten categories and six subcategories of vehicles on standards of legislative acts.

They are divided according to a certain type, which has characteristics characteristic and distinctive features characteristic.

What it is

Under the expression "cargo car" means a technical means intended for transportation of cargo. It is transported in the bodies or on a specially equipped platform.

Its allowed mass should be proportioned by the amount of load on the front and rear axles. As a rule, the weight of the cabin and the power site accounts for the front axle, and the weight of the cargo transported by the car is available.

The main characteristics of the truck:

• appointment;
• load capacity;
• body type;
• permitted mass;
• mass without cargo;
• the location of the driver's cabin towards the front axle;
• full weight towed trailer.

All types of trucks have been assigned a category "C" and "C1" depending on their dimensions and carrying capacity. The direct appointment of cars is to transport cargo regardless of their mass and dimensions.

Each truck is completed, respectively, the technological documentation that is formed during the assembly.

It is made on the basis of an interstate standard -. "Wheel vehicles. Mass and sizes. Technical requirements and methods for determining. " The act has gained legal strength from February 1 of the current year.

Who extends to

The legislator introduced the requirement for the passage of medical examination by federal law before reaching the flight. Its main goal is to ensure the security of their themselves and in contact with them.

If health condition does not respond to the requirements, they are removed from the performance of functional duties.

In accordance with the regulations of the Federal Law, individuals responsible for certain requirements are allowed to manage the truck.

These include:

1. Possess Russian citizenship.
2. Achievement of adulthood.
3. Accessibility.
4. Driving license estate.
5. Recognition of fitness to the management of a truck as a state of physical health.
6. The presence of registration in the residence.

Each man, a truck manager, should carry civil liability for their actions and inactivity during a ride. He must have both theoretical knowledge on the technical means and practical skills and skills of his driving.

As for the legal entity, it must be registered in state bodies - the Unified Register of Legal Entities and the Federal Tax Service. Measure allows you to establish its organizational and legal form and status of the tax resident of the Russian state.

Where is checked

Checking the compliance of the permissible load with the conditions of safe driving is carried out by weighing on the checkpoint. The freight control procedure allows you to establish a real mass that affects the axis.

Ways to control the weight of the transported cargo:

To date, fixed and mobile control posts operate. The first type of fasting is located in certain places along the path of the participants in the movement. As for the second, it is equipped based on the automotive van.

Measure allows you to quickly and quickly change your location, which delivers some inconveniences for truck drivers.

Permissible load on the axle of the truck

When transporting goods, the instructions of section 23 of the regulatory act should be followed. It noted that in no way impress the load on the axis of the car installed by the manufacturer's manufacturer.

In addition, the act provides for the conditions for transportation of cargo. It should not limit the driver's overview, make it difficult to control the car, create excessive noise and pollute the road.

Installed norms

In accordance with the classification, trucks are divided into single and road trains, which have a different number of axes located alone at a distance of 2.5 m from each other and nasty, combined from several axes. For example, dual.

In accordance with the Government's decree, permissible loads on the truck axis were established, the table contains their numerical values. For example, without obtaining permission, you can operate a car with a maximum weight equal to 44 tons.

Single:

Road trail:

These indicators of Russian permissible axial loads are close to pan-European indicators. The rationing was made on the basis of the load indicator on the axis group.

The obligation to comply with permissible loads on the axis of the truck is assigned to:

Accommodation in the cargo car of dividego should be carried out so that its total mass along with the cargo does not exceed the permissible mass.

How calculated

The mass of the car and the load coming to each axis can be calculated to avoid administrative punishment.

They are interrelated among themselves the following relationship:

mA \u003d NPO + NZO

Under the wording "Load on the axis or axial load" means the load obtained from the mass of the car, which is transmitted to the surface of the road leaf with the wheels of one axis. As a rule, a large load is transmitted to the rear axle than on the front.

Example of calculation

Initial data - it is required to calculate the load indicator on the axis of the tractor having 3 axis. A trailer with three axes is connected. The car transports the cargo, the mass of which is 20 tons. In accordance with the data of registration certificates, the mass of the cargo car is 8 tons, and the mass of the trailer is 10 tons.

The load on the trailer is 75% of the total mass of the trailer and the transported cargo:

NPR \u003d (10 + 20) * 75% \u003d 22.5 tons

Calculation of numerical load value:

(7.5 * 3) + (5.8 * 2) + 3,9 \u003d 38 tons

What threatens the car overload

In accordance with the generally accepted rules, the car overload entails the deterioration of the coating condition made on the road. The process is fraught with a certain kind of negative consequences.

For example, a load exceeding the permissible rate is capable of transmitting a significant pressure on the axis that may not withstand it.

Their number includes:

• the emergence of an emergency due to the unstable movement of the overloaded car;
• destruction of roadbed;
• an increase in the length of the braking path of the car with a cargo, which entails an increase in emergency;
• the control of the overloaded car is significantly complicated upon the occurrence of ice, moisturizing asphalt coating;
• loss of the control of a loaded car with its sharp braking, due to the drift of its rear;
• overturning a car with a cargo due to the violation of its stability in the improper distribution of cargo or its fastening;
• increased cargo wear;
• the failure of its details due to the impact of cargo is large compared to the valid norm.

Video: Restrictions

Important nuances

In essence, the cargo vehicle is a car, that is, a motor technical means of movement. Its main purpose is to perform a given function by performing certain movements for the transportation of cargo of various masses and dimensions.

It moves along the ways of communication without rails included in the facilities of the transport infrastructure.

The wording "Automotive" in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law No. 196-FZ refers to the engineering design. It adapts to the movement of vehicles regardless of their category.

The automotive road includes:

Indicators	Description
Constructive elements	road canvas, coating, details that are technological part, special strips separating it to certain travel parts and tram paths intended for pedestrians of sidewalks
Protective road structures	tools of landscaping, fixture, providing protection of the automotive road from avavin, noise and wind
Artificial road facilities	bridges, aquedures, tunnels, overpass, pipelines
Separate details of the arrangement	road safety signs, fences, traffic lights, road control devices, special devices that perform photo and filming functions, video recorders who record traffic rules violations

A large number of people participate in the road movement, such as cargo and passenger cars, ordinary citizens in the face of passers-by, traffic police officers. The culprit of the road accident can be any person involved in the motion formed on the road.

Each of them is endowed with certain responsibilities that they must fulfill. They are obliged to comply with the rules to ride the road without creating threats and probable risks on it, danger to those around people.

According to the mass regulations, the mass of the car itself and the cargo must be distributed in proportion to the front and rear axles. For example, one third mass should account for the front axle of a two-room vehicle, and on the back - two thirds.

The prohibition is imposed on the operation of the cargo car if its mass or the load on the axis exceeds a 2% permissible load. The norm was introduced by the instructions of Article 29 of the Federal Law No. 275-FZ.

In the current situation, a measure of impact in the form of a penalty area on certain persons is applied, which is noted in part 1, namely in the article.

Its size, depending on the numerical indicator of exceeding the permissible load is for:

When transporting a dangerous cargo it requires a special permission. It is issued by the corresponding Department of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, which is emphasized in the order.

In addition, it should be additionally installed in front and rearly illuminating devices if the load is transported at night or fog in the environment.

Each driver of the cargo machine in accordance with the instructions of the regulatory act "PDD" must establish a special sign. Measure is carried out if the dimensions of the transported cargo protrude in front of either behind 1 meter and more, and 40 cm on the sides.

What is regulated

Questions about the ownership and operation of trucks are regulated by a number of legislative shareholders.

These include:

Indicators	Description
the federal law	act has been published on November 8, 2007 at number 257-ФЗ. Recent changes to it made on September 19, 2017
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation	the act is emitted April 15, 2011 per number 272. His last editor dates back December 22, 2016
Administrative Offenses Code, Part One	the act is emitted on December 30, 2001 at number 195-ФЗ
Order of the Ministry of Transport "On approval of the rules for transporting dangerous goods by road"	the act is emitted on August 8, 1995 per room 73, and his last editor was dated October 14, 1999

The too loaded vehicle is an essential threat not only for the driver, but also for other participants in motion. And it does not matter, cargo is a car or passenger. Even the road covering suffers from the excess mass of the vehicle. Each car owner should know how the overload is calculated, and understand the degree of responsibility for violating the rules.

Since 2015, regulatory documents relating to cargo transport have undergone some changes. Given the new information, the allowed maximum mass of the vehicle was corrected.

The maximum allowable weight of the cargo TC (road trip) is 44 tons. The load on the axis of any truck is determined, based on the category of roads, which are designed for transparency in weight of the load. Over-free truck will require the driver to obtain the appropriate departure permission. Concerning passenger vehicles also have some limitations. The driver is not entitled to carry in his car passengers more than it is regulated by law.

The impact on the axis of the car, in other words, the axial load is the load on the total mass of the vehicle, which is transmitted to the road with the wheels of each of the axes. With an increased load, the road leat is destroyed. In addition, the brake path of the overloaded car is longer, which can create an emergency on the roads.

It is worth considering the fact that the distribution of the load occurs unevenly: the rear axle accounts for significantly more than on the front. This is connected with a feature of the location of the cargo platform: in the back of the car. When moving in the section of the road, which is equipped with a 3.12 sign, the driver must draw attention to the maximum allowed load on the axis. If the load does not match this, then it is necessary to change the route. Otherwise, the violation will entail a fine for overload. According to the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (Part 1 of Art. 12.21.1), the amount of administrative recovery is 5,000 rubles.

Transportation rules determine the acceptable mass of the car. You can get acquainted with the information below:

A more complex calculation is subject to permissible axis load. It takes into account the category of the road, as well as the distance between the axes and the type of wheels.

Approximate calculation

Thus, the mass of the vehicle is calculated as the sum of the load indicators over the axes. You can learn a lot of car by looking at the registration certificate. It is more difficult to determine the actual mass of the cargo. To obtain an accurate calculation, you can use a special calculator.

The last two types are:

1. Stationary (RVK).
2. Mobile (PPVK).

Stationary items of weight control are located in a special location where equipment and staff are constantly located.

Its mobile analogue, on the contrary, is equipped based on the van. Such a post has a significant advantage - mobility. Since the weight control point is constantly moving, the owner of the cargo TC is not under the power to reveal the place of its deployment.

The stationary check procedure avoids the overwhelming over the axes. To date, there are two types of weighing:

1. Dynamic.
2. Static.

The first is carried out in the process of moving vehicles, and permissible speed - no more than 5 km / h. To fix measurements, automatic precipitated scales are used, with the help of which the car is raveing \u200b\u200balong the axes. An acceptable error in calculations is 3%.

Static weighing is possible only after stopping the car. A special platform with installed strain gauges allows you to accurately calculate the load and overload along the axes.

Care resolution

In addition, the process of freight is regulated by regulatory legal acts. Thus, when loading along the axes, more than 2% of the permissible permission should be obtained for movement in roads (according to FZ No. 257 of 08.11.2007, paragraph 2 of article 31). To do this, you need to agree on the route and compensate for the damage applied to the road surface. For the transport of the Armed Forces of Russia, an exception is made.

For permission to transport the dangerous goods, according to paragraph 9 of the Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 258 (07/07/2012), the following documents are necessary:

1. The appropriate statement of the owner of the vehicle.
2. Photocopy of documents on the vehicle.
3. The distribution scheme of the transported cargo.
4. Technical requirements for transportation.

If the driver has not received a special permit, in addition to imposing penalties, a driver's license can deprive it. This is governed by the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (part 1, Article 12.21.2)

Installed penalties for overload

What a penalty is provided for overloaded cars, directly depends on the legal category of the owner. This administrative punishment has three levels of responsibility:

• For individuals, a fine of 1,500 - 2,000 rubles is provided.
• Officials will pay more than 15,000 rubles.
• For legal entities, the amount of the fine comes to 400,000 rubles.

In addition to direct violation, there may be inaccuracy in the documents: when the real weight of the cargo does not correspond to the declared one. At the same time, the maximum possible load on the axis significantly exceeds the standards. In this case, the size of the established penalty:

• for an individual - 5 000 rubles;
• for legal - 50 times more.

The basis for applying the driver of sanctions is the weight control on the road by the traffic police inspector.

Trucks ride across the country, increasing wear is expensive and creating emergency situations. To reduce risks, the Limits of the transported goods are established. From the load table on the axis of the truck in 2019, it is possible to determine if the inspector will have a reason to impose a fine.

The overloaded truck is unsafe for the driver and others, which can entail an accident or a forced stop.

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Applications and calls are accepted around the clock and seven days a week..

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To avoid problems on the roads, it is necessary to know the rules and fines for overloading on the axes, since this problem often arises among the drivers.

What it is

The load on the axis is considered to be the pressure of the cargo on the mass of the machine, which is transmitted to the road surface with axes when moving. The mass of the car and the load on the axis are interconnected, since the first is the amount of loads on both axis.

The pressure on the rear axle is almost always more, but depends on the type of cargo platform on the back of the transport. In front, the main load is the power unit and the driver's cab.

To know which limit is laid during transport, it is necessary to understand the types of vehicles:

• shadows and semi-trailers are the most popular on Russian roads. Used to transport any cargo. Loading occurs on any side, load capacity is about 25 tons;
• refrigerators or semi-trailers are used to transport perishable raw materials. They are equipped with refrigerators that can maintain the temperature from +25 to -25. Load capacity is about 20 tons;
• avtoCut is called a car with a trailer, which is very convenient to load and unload. They transport any small cargoes, capacity is from 15 to 25 tons;
• jumbo is considered trailers that accommodate more than others. The trailer is similar to the letter "g", has a small diameter of the wheels, so it allows you to put more product. Load capacity is about 20 tons;
• container workers are vehicles intended for the transport of containers;
• tensystem are called cars that can be used to transport bulk and liquid cargo;
• avtovoz is applied to move other machines;
• grain-carriers are used to transport grain crops;
• dump trucks are used to transport bulk cargo.

Before some bridges or on some roads, you can see signs 3.12, prohibiting the movement of machines in which the mass on one of the axis exceeds the indicated on the sign.

If the mass is higher, the driver must find another route. If a citizen continues to move, it will automatically be discharged.

Permissible load

The axis load depend on the type of separation and distance between the axes. Top 2019 data available in the table:

View of the separation of axes	Distance in meters between the surrounding axes	Mounted load standards in tons
		6 tons on the axis	10 tons on the axis	11.5 tons on the axis
Single	not less than 2.5 meters	5.5	9	10.5
Trailers, trucks, semi-trailers, dual machines	not more than meters	8	10	11.5
	from 1 to 1.3	9	13	14
	from 1.3 to 1.8	10	15	17

How to calculate

To avoid a fine for ignorance for exceeding the load on the axis, you can independently calculate the valid value for a specific machine.

Alone

Truck mass \u003d load on the front axle + load on 2 axis + load on subsequent axis

Suppose a citizen has a 3302 gas with two axes, for him the formula will look like this:

1200 Load on the front axle + 2300 Load on the rear axle \u003d 3200 Maximum allowable value

• information is taken from trailer and car passport data;
• it is necessary to learn from the goods supplier the actual weight, it is also indicated in the invoice;
• the load is distributed in accordance with 25% to 75% between the tractor and the trailer, so the load on the trailer is considered as follows: 0.75 * (weight of the cargo + trailer weight);
• the load should be distributed evenly on each axis if the driver knows the number of axes and a mass of the trailer with a cargo, it can determine the load size for each axis;
• to determine the load on the axis, it will be necessary to make data to the following formula: the mass of the trailer with the cargo * 0.25 * the mass of the car;
• the load on the front axle is always 25% of the entire load on the machine, the remaining 75% fall on the rear axle.

On an online calculator

Any driver can independently check the load on the axis of road trains, trucks and tractors using a convenient online calculator

The calculation is required not only to private owners, but also to legal entities that transport cargo of any kind or are going to order transportation services from specialists.

Suppose a citizen owns a semi-trailer with 4 sides. To calculate the load on the axis, it is required to ask the weight of the cargo of each side, as if there were 4 containers with goods in the car.

As checked

Control weighing occurs at special points located on the highway. Experts determine the load on the axis and the overload of the truck. There are 2 methods of verification:

• static;
• dynamic.

Both methods are popular in Russia. Static weighing involves the production of cars for special scales. This way you can find out the weight of the car at the moment. Dynamic weighing occurs at the slow motion of the car. Using it, loads for each axis separately are determined.

Most often, the vehicle is traveling by weight at a speed of up to 5 km / h. The minus of the dynamic check is the error, which is up to 3% per axis.

In Russia, they almost always use electronic scales to which the driver starts the car with a ramp. Not at all points have several types of scales, so you do not have to choose.

Load sensor

Text inside Info Blokaven 2019 is the ability to install special sensors that minimize the percentage of error. They are mounted on board the car and allow you to check the load on any of the axes at any time of the movement.

Sensors are universal, they are installed on any cars with different suspension. The system is expensive, but the maximum simplifies the calculation of load capacity when loading and unloading goods.

The main advantages of load sensors can be allocated:

• the driver can control the load at any time of movement. It is impossible to get a fine for overload, conflicts and deception of customers are excluded;
• the driver or dispatcher from anywhere in the world can control the weight of goods in the car, the sensor is associated with GPS and GLONASS systems and transmits real-time information.

What is possible overload

Article 29 of the Federal Law No. 275 found that drivers do not have the right to use the vehicle if its axis load exceeds the permissible by 2% (taking into account the error). The exceptions are cars that belong to the armed forces, which is confirmed by documents.

The law also found that if the goods weigh more than 20 tons, or it is longer than 20 meters and wider than 2.55 meters, and the height reaches 4 meters, the owner is obliged to obtain an additional agreement for the shipment.

If the size of the goods exceeds 24 meters in length and 3.5 meters wide, the truck should go from the coating machine to which an inflating sign of orange or yellow colors is installed.

If the goods exceed 30 meters long and 4 meters wide, a special permission is required. Such a cargo is always accompanied by a traffic police machine.

Responsibility for violations

Penalties depend on the type of cargo, which transports the driver, for example, dangerous, poisonous, large-sized, etc. All types of administrative punishments are spelled out in Article 12.21 of the Administrative Code.

Standard are considered 3 fine:

Some loads and high weights require permissions that are also several types and for the lack of each one is supposed to be a separate penalty. There are situations where the cargo on documents does not coincide.

After rechecking on the scales (or on sensors, if installed), the inspector has the right to write a fine of 5,000 rubles for individuals and from 100,000 rubles for organizations.

The inspector has no right to write out a fine, if there was no control weighing. An expert can define an overview on the eye, but it will not be possible to prove it.

If an advantage is detected at the weighing point, the penalty is discharged on a person who operates the car. It may be the owner, a representative or tenant. If the driver hired a firm, the penalty pays a legal entity.

If the overload was discovered by the cameras and the fine came automatically, it always pays the owner of the TC. It may require reimbursement of funds from a shipper or tenant if their illegal activities led to punishment.

Overload over the axes is a serious administrative violation, as it leads to the destruction of the road surface and creates emergency situations on the roads. The driver feels worse than the car, it slows longer and can go to the drift when turning.

To track violations, weight control points are installed on the roads, and the traffic police inspectors are always ready to finish everyone who made a transcend on the axes.