Could AM General Corp have imagined that their brainchild, the Hummer, would become a hero not only on the battlefield, but also on TV screens? Vryatli, probably when creating an all-terrain vehicle, the creators were only worried about the question of how to win the competition of the US Department of Defense to create a highly mobile multi-purpose vehicle. The Pentagon announced the competition in 1979. Eleven HMMWV test pieces were tested in Nevada, with a total of 1 million kilometers covered by the test pieces. According to US military experts, HMMWV (this is where the abbreviation of the military Hammer is indicated) proved to be worthy of samples from other manufacturers. In 1984, the first all-terrain vehicle rolled out of the Mishawaka facility, and the US government ordered 55,000 all-terrain vehicles for $1.2 billion, a record for the purchase of wheeled vehicles by the US military at the time. Note that the abbreviation HMMWV stands for High Passable Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle.
In the American dialect, the abbreviation HMMWV is read as - Humvee, which is why in many sources the American all-terrain vehicle is called HUMVEE. The most popular version of the appearance of the nickname - Hummer, suggests that the HMMWV was called the HAMMER by one of the journalists who followed the events during the first Iraq war - the operation to liberate Kuwait. The war with Iraq brought HMMWV considerable popularity, many Americans wanted to have this symbol of American strength, this created the preconditions for the release of the HMMWV series of civilians, the civilian all-terrain vehicle was called the Hummer H1. Even in the US, this is an expensive car, starting at $70,000. In a year, Americans collect no more than 2,000 - Hummer H1. We will consider the differences between the military HMMWM and the Hammer H1 in the block - “salon and equipment” and “technical component and characteristics”. The American has proven himself so well that copies of HUMWEE are produced under license in Portugal and Switzerland for the internal needs of the state. Let's continue the review.

Appearance and Body:

The military Hummer, like its civilian version, is available in bodies: two and four door pickups, as well as a station wagon.
A different range of bodies suggests that the car was not just called a multi-purpose vehicle, HUMVEE is used not only to transport soldiers, the car is used as an ambulance, command vehicle and a vehicle carrying its own weapons system (rocket launchers, mortars, machine guns). Of course, the body of the army all-terrain vehicle is attached to the frame, which significantly increases the durability and strength of the structure. separate windshields and windshield wipers mounted on the top edge of the glass evoke the HUMVEE's similarity to a truck. The Hummer H1 is fitted with 315/75 R17 tires.

Salon and Equipment:

Many will be surprised that in such a wide car as the Hummer in the chair sit quite closely, and most copies are equipped with four seats. The fact is that the engine and gearbox are very much shifted behind the front axle, the motors and gearbox are under the casing in the cabin - pay attention to the photo. This was done in order to save the motor
from bullets. The main difference between the civilian Hummer H1 and the military HUMVEE is the presence of door trim with inside and air conditioner.

Technical component and characteristics of Hummer H1

The military HUMVEE is equipped with a tire inflation system, also in the inner part of the tire, a rubber pad is put on the disc, which allows you to move at a speed not exceeding 50 km per hour even on punctured wheels. Many have seen a video in which the Hummer is going to a sheer wall. The Hummer H1 and its military counterpart are capable of climbing a sixty-degree slope, the American is capable of moving with a 40-degree side roll. A significant difference between the military Hummer and the Civil Hummer H1 is a sealed generator and sealed block fuses. If the civilian Hummer H1 is designed to overcome a ford with a depth of 61cm, then its military counterpart overcomes a ford of 76cm, and if the HMMWM is equipped with an air intake from above (at the roof), the Hummer H1 will overcome a ford with a depth of 1.5m. The approach angle for both cars is 72 degrees and the departure angle is 31.5 degrees. The civil Hummer H1 is equipped with electric fuel pump, while the military HUMVEE has a mechanical fuel pump.

Due to the fact that the engine is moved closer to the passenger compartment, the Hummer H1 has good weight distribution, the front axle of the Hammer accounts for 51% of the mass, and the rear axle - 49%. Hammer H one is designed to tow a trailer weighing up to 3.8t.

Initially, a diesel engine was installed on the HUMMER - 6.2 V8 with a power of 150hp and a torque of 339N.M. With such a motor, the maximum speed of the Hammer is 113 km.

In 1994, a new diesel V8 with a volume of 6.3 liters appeared, the power of Detroit Diesel was 170 hp, the maximum torque of the Hammer H 1 6.3 V8 was 394 N. M at 1,700 engine revolutions. With such an engine, Hammer H1 gains a hundred in 19.5 seconds, the top speed has increased to 133 km.

With the growing popularity of the civilian H1, the manufacturer released petrol version, Hummer H1 with a petrol V8 5.7l, 190hp, 407N.M did not stand on the assembly line for a long time, it was removed in 1996. In the same - 1996, HUMMER began to install diesel engine supercharged. Power - 190hp, torque - 528 N.M.

Specifications HUMMER H1:

Powerplant: V8 diesel, supercharged

Volume:6500cc

Power: 195hp

Torque: 583N.m

Total valves / valves per cylinder: 16v, two valves per cylinder

Performance indicators:

Acceleration (0 - 100km): 18s

Top speed:134km

Diesel consumption in mixed mode: 20.2l

Fuel tank capacity:95L

Dimensions:4684mm*2197mm*1905mm

Wheelbase:3302mm

Curb / gross weight: 1818kg / 3245kg

Ground clearance (clearance): 406mm

Price

Officially, the Hummer H1 has never been sold in the CIS. The price of Hummer H1 brought from the USA usually exceeds $50,000. Of course we are not talking about a new car. Hummer H1 is significantly inferior in comfort to the more cultivated Hummer H2, which has already become familiar on the roads major cities. Hammer H1 is an exclusive car, there is not much comfort, but this is exactly the one - a real Hummer. If the H2 on highway tires when driving off-road can give way even to the rear-wheel drive, then the Hummer H1 is a real off-road professional.

The article belongs to the site, blog creator - Denis Belyavtsev

The High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV or Hummer) is a military all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle built by AM General. In practice, he pushed the jeeps, such as M151 1/4 ton, M561 "Gama Goat", their sanitary modifications M718A1 and M792, CUCV and light trucks. At first, the car was used by the US military, but later it was acquired by many other countries and organizations, even as a civilian version.

The HMMWV has independent suspension and a portal gear hub similar to portal bridge, which creates a clearance of 40 cm. The machine has disc brakes on all 4 wheels and independent suspension on double parallel A-arms. Disc brakes are not mounted to the wheels like traditional cars, but are attached to the outside of each differential. Front and rear differentials represented by the Torsen type, and the center differentials are adjustable with the ability to lock. There are at least 17 types of HMMWVs in service with the US military. For example, airborne, platform for automatic weapons, ambulance (4 stretcher wounded or 8 outpatients), platform for installing the M220 TOW, the main transporter for howitzers M119 Howitzer, the platform for installing the M1097 Avenger air defense system, transporting the MRQ-12 communication system for air support calls, an armored version for transporting electrical equipment S250 and others. Hammer is able to overcome the depth of the ford 76 cm, or 1.5 meters with a set of elements installed on the vehicle for fording.

Non-standard equipment includes a winch ( maximum load 2700 kg) and additional armor. Modifications M1025 / M1026 and M1043 / M1044 have a set of weapons, including grenade launchers MK19, heavy machine gun M2, machine guns M240G / B and M249 SAW. The newest version HMMWV - M1114 with increased armor are also equipped with similar weapons. In addition, some M1114 and M1116 enhanced security vehicles and M1117 armored personnel carrier models have a single gun system with remote control(CROWS), which allows the shooter to work outside the vehicle, and / or a mobile shooting and detection system “Boomerang” is installed. Recent improvements include the development of the M1151 model, which is likely to replace all other versions very soon. Replacing modifications of the M1114, M1116 and earlier armored models with one HMMWV variant aims to reduce the cost of ongoing maintenance.

Illustration.

Story
In the 1970s, the United States came to the conclusion that militarized civilian trucks did not meet the requirements of the military. In 1977, Lamborghini developed the Cheetah to military specifications. In 1979, the Army finalized the specification for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle, or HMMWV. In July of the same year, AM General (a subsidiary of American Motors Corporation) began preliminary work, and in less than a year, released the first prototype, which went to the test under the name M998. In 1980, other machines were created, including the M1025 and M1026 models. In total, over 500 cars were produced in 1980.

In June 1981, the Army awarded AM General a contract to develop several more prototypes to pass other tests ordered by the US government. The company later signed a contract to produce 55,000 vehicles until 1985. Fort Lewis, Washington, and the 9th Infantry Division had HMMWV test beds to test as part of new concept confrontation Russian units motorized infantry. Training Center in Yakima; Washington DC was the main testing ground for the HMMWV between 1985 and December 1991, when the motorized concept was canceled and the division disbanded. In 1989, Hummers were first tested during Operation Just Cause during the US invasion of Panama.

Humvees have become the primary means of transportation for US troops around the world. Over 10,000 vehicles entered service with coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom, the US intervention in 2003.

Combat use
Initially, the HMMWV was considered as a means of delivering infantry to the front line, but not as a combat vehicle. Like the Jeeps that preceded it, the basic model of the Hummer had no armor or protection against nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. However, casualties were relatively low in traditional operations such as Desert Storm. Cars and crews suffered significant losses and damage due to urban skirmishes in the battles for Mogadishu. Although the HMMWV was never designed to provide protection against small arms bullets, more destructive machine gun fire and rocket-propelled grenades, the survivability of the chassis allowed the bulk of the crews to return unscathed. However, with the advent of asymmetric and low-intensity confrontation, Hammer began to experience pressure in street fights that he was not designed for.

After Somalia, the military realized the need for a more protected HMMWV, and AM General developed the M1114 model, which has armor from small arms fire. Piece production of these cars began in 1996, when they were used in the Balkans to a limited extent before being sent to the Middle East. This modification has been upgraded to the M998 with a larger, powerful engine turbocharged, air-conditioned and reinforced suspension. Moreover, she received a full reservation of the passenger space, due to steel plates and bulletproof glass. With the rise of direct attacks and guerrilla warfare in Iraq, AM General has shifted its production capacity for the production of these machines.

Modifications
In response to the vulnerability of the HMMWV during operations in Iraq, an “Up-Armor” kit was created for the M998 model. This innovation, which had several types and iterations, included armored doors with bulletproof glass, side and rear armor panels, and ballistic windscreens that provide increased protection against ballistic threats and simple improvised explosive devices.

Although some parts of this kit became available before the invasion in 2003, they did not enter the enough for all cars. As a result, for their safety, American soldiers often hung improvised additional armor from scraps of materials, known as "hillbilly armor" or "farm armor". While these homemade products somewhat protected from ballistic threats, at the same time, they made the car heavier, shifted its center of gravity, reduced acceleration, handling, reliability, braking response, and service life, due to overvoltage of the drive and suspension circuits. In addition, most of the Hummers and other vehicles used in the invasion of Iraq had combat identification panels to prevent friendly fire. They were mounted on the hood between the windscreen and grille, as well as on the doors on the driver's side and front passenger with a notch that allows you to get to the door handle.

In December 2004, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld was criticized by soldiers and their families for the lack of protection for Hummers. Rumsfeld pointed out that armor kits were produced in small numbers before the war. With the beginning of an active confrontation between US troops and Iraqi guerrillas, more protection kits began to be produced, although probably not as much as we would like. Moreover, improved kits have been developed. However, while this protection was effective against all types of attacks, it weighed around 680-1,000 kg and was as inconvenient as homemade armor. Unlike similarly sized civilian cargo all-terrain vehicles, which typically have dual rear wheels to reduce sway, the Hummer has single rear wheels thanks to independent rear suspension.

The armor on most “upgraded armor” vehicles is resistant to lateral threats when the explosion spreads in all directions, however, minimal protection is found against mine explosions from the bottom, such as . The cumulative jet is also capable of breaking through protection, causing injury.

Field armor kits include the Armor Survivability Kit (ASK), FRAG 5, FRAG 6, and an upgraded version for the M1151 vehicle.

ASK was first tested in October 2003 and weighed 450 kg. The Armor Holdings variant was lighter, and increased the weight of the car by only 340 kg. Tested in January 2005, the Marine Armor Kit (MAK) provided better protection than the M1114 modification, but also led to an increase in mass. FRAG 5 is the latest field kit to provide the best protection, but may not be effective against cumulative threats. FRAG 6, designed to eliminate this shortcoming, is under development. However, reliable armoring with the FRAG 5 kit was achieved at a great price. Over 450 kg of armor is installed on the HMMWV, and its width has increased by 61 cm. In addition, the doors require an auxiliary mechanical device to open and close.


Illustration.

Illustration.
Another disadvantage of the "hardened" HMMWV is seen during attacks or crashes, when heavy armored doors tend to close, leaving soldiers inside. As a result, the Hammer is connected to the doors with special hooks, and any technique can easily tear the doors off the car. Moreover, BAE Systems has now developed and tested in field conditions emergency exit windows that are used on M1114 machines with a 450 kg protection kit.

Illustration.

The crew member who controls the weapons mounted on the roof of the car is extremely vulnerable. In response, many all-terrain vehicles, along with the main weapon, are equipped with a shield or tower, which is similar to the M113 armored personnel carrier, which was first used in this form in Vietnam. The US military is now evaluating new form protection developed by BAE Systems, as well as systems created for the operational units of the army. New shooter seat protected by 46-61 cm steel plates with bulletproof glass. Moreover, some HMMWVs are equipped with a Remotely Operated Weapon System (CROWS) that is connected to the machine gun for control from rear seat, which allows you to fire without sorties from the car. The Boomerang anti-sniper system is also installed on some HMMWVs in Iraq, and makes it possible to immediately determine the location of a shooting guerrilla.

Another weakness of the Hammer is its size, which limited the use of this machine in Afghanistan, because it was too large for most types. air transport. Dimensions also limit the ability to manually tow an all-terrain vehicle. In addition, troops in Bosnia found wide vehicle ruts when there was interference when two Hummers were unable to pass on a narrow mountain road.

Illustration. HMMWV equipped with CATM-120C surface-to-air missiles, Raytheon.

Alternatives
Countries in Europe and North Africa operate a number of different armored vehicles, both wheeled and tracked, and some are even building companies inside the US, such as the Cadillac Gage, which makes vehicles more specific to low-intensity conflicts. This armored vehicle is more protected against small arms fire; some trucks even have a V-shaped bottom to disperse the blast wave.

The army acquires special equipment, in particular, the M1117 Armored Security Vehicle was purchased in limited quantities for use by the United States Army Military Police Corps. In 2007, Corps marines The United States has reported its intention to replace the HMMWV in Iraq with MRAP ("High Explosive Protected") armored vehicles, because there were heavy losses of Hummers. They issued a contract for the purchase of several thousand of these machines, including the International MaxxPro, BAE OMC RG-31, BAE RG-33 and Caiman, and the Force Protection Cougar, which the military lacks for mine clearance. Heavy models of infantry fighting vehicles can also be used as patrol vehicles. Unfortunately, some MRAPs are known to often get stuck or tip over due to their high center of gravity and being too large compared to HMMWVs.

Versions

M56 - Coyote Smoke Machine
M707-HMMWV
M966 - HMMWV equipped with TOW anti-tank system
M996 - Sanitary variant with double cab, armored
M997 - Ambulance variant with four-seater cabin, armored
M998 - truck
M998 - HMMWV Avenger
M1025 - Armored vehicle with weapons
M1026 Armored vehicle with winch
M1035 - Sanitary variant with four-door cab and soft canopy
M1036 - Armored with TOW complex and winch
M1037 - Option for the transport of electrical equipment
S250
M1038 - Truck with winch
M1042 - Option for the transport of electrical equipment
S250 with winch
M1043 - "Increased security" vehicle with weapons
M1044 - "Increased security" vehicle with armament and winch
M1045 - "Increased security" vehicle with TOW anti-tank system
M1046 - "Increased security" vehicle with TOW anti-tank system and winch
M1069 - Tractor for 105mm M119 gun
M1097 - Heavy HMMWV
M1097 Heavy HMMWV Avenger
M1109 - "Increased security" vehicle with weapons
ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System) - laser artillery neutralization system
Ground Mobility Vehicle mobile car
IMETS - Integrated Meteorological System


Illustration.
ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System) - laser artillery neutralization system

Extended features
M1113 - Chosen by the US Army for its A2 chassis. At the moment, the ECV chassis is used on special vehicles and communication vehicles.

During 1995, production of the M1114 began, based on the improved ECV chassis. The M1114 met the requirements of the military for reconnaissance, police and mine clearance vehicles with an upgraded ballistic protection option. The M1114 provides protection against 7.62 mm armor-piercing rounds, 155 mm airburst artillery shells, and the explosion of a 16-pound (5.5 kg) anti-tank mine. The US Air Force tested a number of machines before they noted the M1116, which was specially created to meet the requirements of the air force. The features of the M1116 are to increase the cargo space, armor the gunner's turret and strengthen the internal heating and air conditioning system. Modifications M1114 and M1116 received armor from the company "O" Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt Armoring Company, Fairfield, Ohio.

M1114 - Vehicle "increased security" with weapons
M1116 - HMMWV "increased security"
M1123 - Heavy variant of the Hummer
M1121 - Armored vehicle with TOW anti-tank system
M1145 - HMMWV "increased security"
M1151 - HMMWV capable of being equipped with a “high security” kit
M1152 - HMMWV capable of being equipped with a “high security” kit
Packhorse ("packhorse") - a device for a semi-trailer that converts the M1097 into a tractor.
Scorpion – Variant equipped with 82mm 2B9 Vasilek automatic mortar. This heavy HMMWV chassis with the installed 82-mm automatic mortar 2B9 "Vasilek" was introduced to provide more protection to soldiers in the combat zone. This development of the Arsenal engineers in Picatinny belongs to 2004. The mortar can fire single or automatic fire when using clips for 4 mines. The distance of direct fire direct fire is 1 km, and indirect - 4 km. Used, in particular, to destroy roadside bombs from a safe distance.

Illustration.
is a prototype developed by TPI Composites of Rhode Island and AM General. The purpose of creating this version was to reduce the weight of the vehicle, which would allow it to be equipped with heavier armor and provide the required mobility.
——
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Mobility_Multipurpose_Wheeled_Vehicle

The Vietnam War revealed many shortcomings in the off-road vehicle that was in service. american army while. Low cross-country ability and carrying capacity, poor protection against bullets and fragments of mines and shells - this is far from complete list what was revealed in the AM General M151, the heir to the legendary "Willis".

In 1970, the Pentagon announced a competition for the creation of a light vehicle designed to perform various operational and tactical tasks. The main task that was set before the participants of the competition was the need to correct all the shortcomings found in the version of the light military SUV that was in service. The competition was attended by the company "American Motors General Corporation", which introduced the HMMWV - a "highly mobile multi-purpose wheeled vehicle." Since this name turned out to be too difficult to pronounce and remember, it was later changed to "Humvee" ("Humvee").

Fifteen modifications of the Hammer are now being produced. Built on the same chassis, they also share the same engine and transmission. A feature of the cars was the use of modular elements, 44 types of which are interchangeable and allow you to assemble jeeps with a wide variety of applications. The ease of their installation allows you to assemble another from one modification already in the field. Diverse and installed on the "Hummers" weapons. The machine can carry both an easel machine gun and a rocket launcher. SUVs with installed missile system"Tou". After the adoption of the Hammer, the fleet of the American army was able to get rid of a huge number of different types of light cars and trucks.

At the moment, the following modifications of the legendary SUV are in service with the American army:

Transportation of personnel and cargo - M1038 and M998;

Transportation of weapons (machine guns, light guns and missile systems are installed) - M966, M1045, M1036, M1046, M1026, M1025, M1043, M1044;

Ambulances - M996, M1035, M997;

Headquarters and communications vehicles - M1042, M1037;

The M119 tractor, 105 mm howitzers - M1069, was replaced in 1994 by the M1097 with a payload increased to two tons.

Having appeared in many reports that covered Operation Desert Storm, after its completion, the jeep gained surprising popularity among the population. Marketers from AM General could not miss this opportunity. In 1992, the civilian version of the jeep saw the light, the advertising slogan of which was - "high versatility, maximum mobility, trouble-free operation" ("Hummer").

Civil version got only the chassis and silhouette. Soft armchairs, air conditioning and a host of other amenities that are not available in the cabin appeared in the cabin. military version. The engine was also replaced, now instead of a diesel engine, the Hammer was equipped with a gasoline engine.
Now even the military modification was called “Hammer” in the reports, despite the fact that the former designation “Humvee” was retained behind it.

Adopted in thirty countries of the world, the Hammer impresses with its technical characteristics. Even with shot through wheels, thanks to the pressure control system, it can move at speeds up to 50 km/h. The famous low and wide silhouette gives it high stability. Parapets up to 60 cm high, rises of 60 degrees, 40 degrees of lateral inclination - all this is transferred to them without much difficulty. And with the use of a special kit for placing the air intake and exhaust system on the roof, it can ford water obstacles up to one and a half meters deep. BUT external suspension allows you to easily transfer it over long distances using CH-35 and CH-47 Chinook helicopters.

Hammer is produced in the USA and in Portugal and Switzerland under license.

Hammer - military vehicle wide application, developed by AM General (American Motors General) in 1981 by order of the US Department of Defense.

Project to create an army all-terrain vehicle

In the seventies of the last century, the leadership of the American military structures came to the conclusion that cargo all-terrain vehicles supplied by civilian manufacturers did not fully meet army requirements. There was a need for a special multi-purpose transport for the regular units of the US Army. In 1979, work began on a large-scale project to create a wheeled super all-terrain vehicle, which received the designation HMMWV. The car was supposed to carry rapid-fire weapons and have armor protection. In the summer of the same year, AM General launched and less than a year later the first prototype under the M998 index, had already been tested in the field and was accepted by the military commission. After completion, the all-terrain vehicle was recommended for mass production.

On the basis of the approved M998, two more SUV models were created: M1025 and M1026. In 1980, 500 Hummers were produced at the AM General plants, and the plan for the period from 1981 to 1985 was to produce 55,000 vehicles.

In 1989, the super-class Hummer participated in Operation Just Cause during the US Army invasion of Panama. After the "baptism of fire" the all-terrain vehicle became the main vehicle in the American troops.

Combat use

Initially, the Hammer, a military transport, was used only to transport infantrymen and was not considered as a combat vehicle. The car did not have solid protection and was vulnerable to all types of weapons, including single shots from the enemy, not to mention automatic bursts. However, in most cases, the all-terrain vehicle managed to get out of a collision with the enemy intact, saved by a tenacious chassis, swap wheels and a powerful engine.

Booking

However, it soon became clear that the Hammer, an unarmed military truck, needed more protection. And then the AM General company developed the M1114 model with an armored hull. There was no serial production, the machine was made piece by piece and in small series. However, after several Hammers were killed in Iraq from direct guerrilla attacks using grenade launchers, the release of the all-terrain vehicle was transferred to the Up-Armor armored version. At the same time, the suspension was strengthened and a new, more powerful turbocharged diesel engine was installed. All glass in the windows was replaced with bulletproof ones.

Unsuitability for combat conditions

The process of turning the Hammer into a combat vehicle continued, and it soon became clear that the car was losing its driving performance due to the significant weight of the body. Powerful armor plates protecting the cabin and passenger compartment significantly increased the center of gravity of the car, which negatively affected its handling. In addition, the combat use of the all-terrain vehicle was completely impossible due to its vulnerability to mine explosions, which easily destroyed the thin bottom of the vehicle.

Modernization

The military Hammer, whose characteristics did not meet the requirements of combat standards, needed a radical revision. The car, equipped with small arms on the roof, did not have any devices to protect the machine gunner. Of course, if the machine was created as a means of combat, then the degree of protection of personnel would be much higher. And now I had to refine the design on the go in order to increase the combat capability of the all-terrain vehicle.

"Hammer" military: specifications

In 1995, mass production of the M1114 model was launched on an upgraded ECV chassis. This is a military jeep "Hammer" with an extended track and maximum dimensions, which did not always allow the car to be landed, since the all-terrain vehicle did not fit into every aircraft.

The carrying capacity of the all-terrain vehicle is 2 tons. cars with a Chevrolet engine - 88 km / h. The speed of an all-terrain vehicle with a diesel turbocharged engine of the Detroit Diesel V8 brand reaches 135 km / h. Fuel consumption within 23 liters per 100 kilometers. Wheel formula machines 4 x 4.

Power point

The American military "Hammer" is equipped with several types of engines. From gasoline engines used Chevrolet V8, 5373 cc, 135 hp. with., the thrust of which is sufficient to move the car in the field with fully loaded, but not enough for high-speed highway driving, as the transmission uses low gear ratios.

Detroit Diesel V8 engine, turbocharged diesel engine developing 195 hp. with., with a cylinder volume of 6,450 cubic meters / cm.

Both motors are equipped with a hydromechanical 4-speed automatic GM 4L80-E, manufactured by General Motors.

Dimensions and weight characteristics

Car "Hammer" (USA, military) has the following dimensions:

• case length - 4600 mm;
• height - 1800 mm;
• width - 2100 mm;
• wheelbase - 3300 mm;
• track - 1829 mm;
• gross weight - 4672 kg;
• own weight - 2676 kg.

Hammer today

Currently, American specialists are developing an original form of protection based on the BAE Systems system used for operational army formations. The shooter's seat is protected by 50 mm steel plates. HMMWV latest issue equipped with gun system salvo fire small caliber with remote control. Thus, shooting can be carried out without leaving the cockpit. On some modifications of the Hammer, the Boomerang system is installed, which counteracts sniper attacks. The options embedded in the device allow you to instantly determine the location of the sniper and destroy him with return fire.

Some countries in Europe and North Africa are buying Hammer for internal use, namely to suppress intense conflicts that spontaneously arise on their territory. The maneuverable all-terrain vehicle is easily equipped with water-jet cannons, stationary rocket launchers and bomb-throwers for firing bombs with trace gas. The American military "Hummer", the price of which does not bother the government of countries with a turbulent political situation, is ideal for these purposes.

Armored "Humvees" are being produced more and more, third countries are buying cars for their law enforcement services, for military police and patrol patrols. In 2007, the US Marine Corps petitioned for an intention to replace the high-explosive MRAP armored vehicles with the Hummer, due to the frequent rollover of high MRAP self-propelled guns and their insufficient cross-country ability.

Modifications

Over 35 years of Hammer production, more than thirty various modifications all-terrain vehicle. The list includes the main options that are mass-produced and operate in army formations for their intended purpose:

• IMETS - mobile meteorological service;
• Ground Mobility Vehicle - mobile communications vehicle;
• Lazer System - artillery laser system for neutralizing the enemy;
• M1109 - high-security model with light small arms;
• M1097 - heavy HMMWV "Avenger";
• M1069 - light artillery tractor, for guns with a caliber of 100 mm;
• M1046 - increased security vehicle with anti-tank TOW complex;
• M1045 - increased security conveyor, with a TOW complex and a winch;
• M1044 - a machine equipped with weapons and a winch;
• M1042 - conveyor for transportation of equipment S250, with a winch;
• M1038 - cargo version with a winch;
• M1036 - an armored vehicle with a winch and a TOW complex;
• M1035 - ambulance with a soft awning and a four-door cabin;
• M997 - ambulance transporter with a 4-seater cabin, armored;
• M996 - an ambulance with a double cab, armored;
• M966 - HMMWV, armored, with TOW anti-tank system;
• M56 - smoke machine "Coyote".

Scouts and demining vehicles

On the basis of the M1114 chassis, a modification of the Hammer was created for autonomous two-week traffic, with a crew of four and an increased level of ballistic protection. The armored body reflects the attack of 7-mm bullets from automatic weapons, air-blast shells, as well as the explosive action of anti-tank mines. The machine is painted in sand camouflage for camouflage and allows you to drive reconnaissance surveillance behind objects at a distance of 800 meters.

The M1115 modification is intended for demining operations of territories, buildings, hangars, warehouses and underground structures. Everything is in the car necessary equipment to search for mines and as well as a set of devices that ensure the detonation and disposal of found ammunition. The equipment of the special vehicle includes clothing sets for sappers engaged in demolition operations.

Hammer M1116 is an armored assault vehicle designed to parachute from a transport aircraft with a crew of four.

Price

A car of the military classification "Hammer" is not often found in car dealerships in Russia, few cars that are offered for sale are quite expensive. ranges from 730,000 rubles for an old all-terrain vehicle in need of repair, to 6 million 650 thousand for a car in good condition, recent release year.

American army all-terrain vehicle HMMWV or Humvee(short for English. High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle- "highly mobile multi-purpose wheeled vehicle", read as Humvee) - in service mainly with, as well as the armed forces and civil services of some other countries. The car has high traffic, suitable for air transport and landing.

On the HMMWV independent suspension and portal gear hub, similar to the portal axle, which creates a clearance of 40 cm. The machine has disc brakes on all 4 wheels and independent suspension on double parallel A-arms.

Disc brakes are not mounted to the wheels like traditional cars, but are attached to the outside of each differential. The front and rear diffs are Torsen type, while the center diffs are adjustable and lockable. There are at least 17 species HMMWV in the service of the US armed forces. For example, airborne, platform for automatic weapons, ambulance (4 stretcher wounded or 8 outpatients), platform for installing the M220 TOW, the main transporter for howitzers M119 Howitzer, the platform for installing the M1097 Avenger air defense system, transporting the MRQ-12 communication system for air support calls, an armored version for transporting electrical equipment S250 and others.

Hammer able to overcome a ford depth of 76 cm, or 1.5 meters with a set of elements installed on the vehicle for fording.

Non-standard equipment includes a winch (maximum load 2700 kg) and additional armor. Modifications M1025/M1026 and M1043/M1044 have a set of weapons, including grenade launchers MK19, heavy machine gun M2, machine guns M240G / B and M249 SAW.

The newest version HMMWV - M1114 with increased armor are also equipped with similar weapons. In addition, some machines M1114 and M1116 increased security and armored personnel carrier models M1117 have a single remote-controlled gun system (CROWS), which allows the shooter to work outside the vehicle, and / or a Boomerang mobile gun-detecting system is installed. Recent improvements include model development M1151, which will probably supplant all other versions very soon.

Replacing modifications M1114, M1116 and earlier armored models per variant HMMWV aims to reduce the cost of ongoing maintenance.

In the 1970s, the United States came to the conclusion that militarized civilian trucks did not meet the requirements of the military. In 1977, Lamborghini developed the Cheetah to military specifications. In 1979, the Army finalized the specification for a highly mobile multi-purpose wheeled vehicle, or HMMWV. In July of the same year, AM General (a subsidiary of American Motors Corporation) began preliminary work, and in less than a year, released the first prototype, which went to the test under the name M998. In 1980, other machines were created, including models M1025 and M1026. In total, over 500 cars were produced in 1980.

In June 1981, the Army awarded AM General a contract to develop several more prototypes to pass other tests ordered by the US government. The company later signed a contract to produce 55,000 vehicles until 1985. Fort Lewis, Washington, and the 9th Infantry Division had test beds HMMWV for their approbation within the framework of the new concept of confrontation with Russian units of motorized infantry. The training center in Yakima, Washington, was the main testing ground HMMWV between 1985 and December 1991, when the motorized concept was canceled and the division disbanded. In 1989, Hummers were first tested during Operation Just Cause during the US invasion of Panama.

Humvees have become the primary means of transportation for US troops around the world. Over 10,000 vehicles entered the service of coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom, the American intervention in 2003.

Initially, HMMWV was considered as a means of delivering infantry to the front line, but not as. Like the Jeeps that preceded it, the basic Hummer model had no armor or protection against nuclear, biological or chemical weapons. However, casualties were relatively low in traditional operations such as Desert Storm. Cars and crews suffered significant losses and damage due to urban skirmishes in the battles for Mogadishu. Although HMMWV never designed to provide protection against small arms bullets, more devastating machine gun fire and rocket-propelled grenades, the survivability of the chassis allowed the bulk of the crews to return unscathed. However, with the advent of asymmetric and low-intensity confrontation, Hammer began to experience pressure in street fights that he was not designed for.

After Somalia, the military realized the need for a more secure vehicle HMMWV, and AM General developed a model M1114 having armor from small arms fire. Piece production of these cars began in 1996, when they were used in the Balkans to a limited extent before being sent to the Middle East. This modification was upgraded to the M998 with a larger, more powerful turbocharged engine, air conditioning, and reinforced suspension. Moreover, she received a full reservation of the passenger space, due to steel plates and bulletproof glass. With the increase in cases of direct attacks and guerrilla warfare in Iraq, AM General transferred its production facilities to the production of these particular machines.

In response to vulnerability HMMWV during the operation in Iraq, for the model M998 a set of "increased booking" ("Up-Armor") was created. This innovation, which has had several types and iterations, included armored doors with bulletproof glass, side and rear armor panels, and ballistic windscreens that provide increased protection against ballistic threats and simple improvised explosive devices.

Although some parts of this kit became available before the invasion in 2003, they did not arrive in sufficient quantities for all machines. As a result, for their safety, American soldiers often hung improvised additional armor from scraps of materials, known as "hillbilly armor" or "farm armor". While these homemade products somewhat protected from ballistic threats, at the same time, they made the car heavier, shifted its center of gravity, reduced acceleration, handling, reliability, braking response, and service life, due to overvoltage of the drive and suspension circuits. In addition, most of the Hummers and other vehicles used in the invasion of Iraq had combat identification panels to prevent friendly fire. They were mounted on the hood between the windscreen and grille, and on the driver and front passenger doors with a cutout to allow access to the door handle.

In December 2004, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld was criticized by soldiers and their families for the lack of protection for Hummers. Rumsfeld pointed out that armor kits were produced in small numbers before the war. With the beginning of the active confrontation between US troops and Iraqi guerrillas, more protection kits began to be produced, although probably not as much as we would like. Moreover, improved kits have been developed. However, while this protection was effective against all types of attacks, it weighed around 680-1000 kg and introduced the same inconvenience as homemade armor. Unlike similarly sized civilian utility vehicles, which typically have rear twin wheels to reduce sway, Hammer It has single rear wheels thanks to independent rear suspension.

The armor on most "upgraded armor" vehicles is resistant to lateral threats when the explosion spreads in all directions, but minimal protection is found against mine explosions from the bottom, such as IEDs and earth mines. The cumulative jet is also capable of breaking through protection, causing injury.

Field armor kits include ASK (Armor Survivability Kit), FRAG 5, FRAG 6, as well as an improved version for the vehicle M1151.

ASK was first tested in October 2003 and weighed 450 kg. The Armor Holdings variant was lighter, and increased the weight of the car by only 340 kg. Tested in January 2005, the Marine Armor Kit (MAK) provided better protection than the modification M1114, but also led to an increase in mass. FRAG 5 is the latest field kit to provide the best protection, but may not be effective against cumulative threats. FRAG 6, designed to address this shortcoming, is under development. However, reliable armoring with the FRAG 5 kit was achieved at a great price. Over 450 kg of armor is installed on the HMMWV, and its width has increased by 61 cm. In addition, the doors require an auxiliary mechanical device to open and close.

Another disadvantage HMMWV"high security" is seen during attacks or crashes, when heavy armored doors tend to close, leaving the soldiers inside. As a result, the Hammer is connected to the doors with special hooks, and any technique can easily tear the doors off the car. Moreover, BAE Systems has now developed and field-tested emergency exit windows that are used on machines M1114 with 450 kg protection kit.

The crew member who controls the weapons mounted on the roof of the car is extremely vulnerable. In response, many all-terrain vehicles, along with the main weapon, are equipped with a shield or tower, which is similar to the M113 armored personnel carrier, which was first used in this form in Vietnam. The US military is now evaluating a new form of protection developed by BAE Systems, as well as systems created for the operational units of the army. The new shooter's seat is protected by 46-61 cm steel plates with bulletproof glass. Moreover, some th are equipped with a Remotely Controlled Weapon System (CROWS) that is connected to the machine gun for control from the rear seat, which allows firing without leaving the vehicle. Anti-sniper system "Boomerang" also installed on some HMMWV in Iraq, and makes it possible to immediately determine the location of the shooting guerrilla.

Another weakness Hammer is its size, which limited the use of this machine in Afghanistan, because it was too large for most types of air transport. Dimensions also limit the ability to manually tow an all-terrain vehicle. In addition, troops in Bosnia found wide vehicle ruts when there was interference when two Hummers were unable to pass on a narrow mountain road.

Specifications HMMWV:

• Wheel formula: 4x4;
• Length, mm: 4600;
• Width, mm: 2100;
• Height, mm: 1800;
• Clearance, mm: 410;
• Wheelbase, mm: 3300;
• Rear track, mm: 1829;
• Front track, mm: 1829;
• Weight, kg: 2676;
• Gross weight, kg: 4672;
• Engines: Chevrolet V8 / Detroit Diesel V8;
• Transmission: hydromechanical automatic 4-speed;
• Maximum speed, km / h: 88 (55 mph, 1st generation), 113 (70 mph, 2nd and 3rd generation)