KamAZ dump trucks are different in terms of carrying capacity, in terms of body volume in cubic meters. So, for example, KAMAZ-6520, its carrying capacity is 20 tons, and the volume of the body is from 12 to 20 cubic meters (sometimes the sides are increased). KAMAZ-65115, 15 tons, 10 cubes body. There are 12, 14 tons, there are even 25 ton dump trucks. For this reason, it is necessary at the beginning to decide which dump truck will carry the cargo (which one from the KamAZ family).

How many cubes are in a KAMAZ dump truck model 53111, 6520.

To find out the amount of m3 in a Kamaz dump truck of manure, soil, sand, gravel, snow and other materials, we estimate the capacity of the standard 13-ton 53111 and the 20-ton version 6520. Kamaz is the most common dump truck in Russia, and indeed in all CIS countries , it can be found in almost every construction site. Naturally, potential customers are interested in how much will fit into the body this truck bulk materials, firewood, construction waste and all sorts of bricks.

The standard volume of the KamAZ-55111 dump platform is 6.6 cubic meters. That is, if the load is of a small mass, for example, sand, then it just fits into the body of about 6 cubic meters. But if we are talking about the transportation of firewood, bricks, then we must remember that the machine has a carrying capacity of only 13 tons. Accordingly, the old Kamaz, especially with a dead engine, simply will not take out too much cargo.

The dimensions of the KAMAZ 5511 dump truck are presented in the table:

There is also KAMAZ-6520, which is newer, its sides have been increased to 20 cubic meters, and its carrying capacity is also 20 tons. So, the result of how many cubes in the dump truck can be seen in the table, different materials calculated by density and weight, the table will be presented below.

Weight parameters and loads KAMAZ 6520:

• Curb weight a / m, kg - 12950
• Vehicle load capacity, kg — 14400 (20000*)
• Gross vehicle weight, kg …………………………………………………… 27500 (33100*)
• load on the rear bogie, kg - 20000 (25600)

How many cubic meters in KAMAZ models 6540 and 65201.

load capacity modern model"KamAZ - 6540" is 18,500 kg., The volume of the dump truck body is 11 cubic meters. meters, which in terms of is 1,100-about 10 liters. buckets of coal with a total weight (1,100 x 18) 19,800 kg.
And KamAZ - 65201 is able to take loads up to 25,500 kg., The volume of the dump truck body is 16 cubic meters. meters, which in terms of 1,600 tons of 10 liters. buckets of coal with a total weight (1,600 x 18) 28,800 kg.

The number of m3 in KAMAZ - table.

Material	Kamaz-53111, m 3	Kamaz-6520, cubic meters
Concrete blocks and construction debris from concrete	5,5	8
Manure uncompacted and compacted	6.6 (up to 7 if with a slide)	20
bricks	6,5	10
Crushed stone 0-40 mm	6,6	13
Gravel coarse 40-70 mm	6,6	12,5
Sand dry	6,6	12,7
The sand is wet	6,2	9,52
The soil is dry	6,6	14
Chernozem fresh	5,9	9,1
Expanded clay	6,6	20
Firewood	6,6	20
Asphalt crumb	6,6	10,5

As can be seen from the table, new dump truck KAMAZ-6520 can take more cubic meters of light cargo, for example, the same brick, but it cannot carry more than 10 cubic meters of concrete or black soil, despite the size of its body. Therefore, when ordering such a dump truck, you need to be prepared for the fact that the driver will refuse to load the car completely. Otherwise, he may just have an accident, break down his truck, get a fine, and considering, not very high quality"Tatarins", the frame of the dump truck may simply burst. But the old Kamaz-53111 can almost always be loaded to the very top, without worrying that the car will be overloaded.

How many cubes are included in KAMAZ of different materials.

To calculate how many cubes of soil, sand, crushed stone, expanded clay or other material are in KAMAZ, you need to know the cubic capacity of the body. You will also need it to calculate the cost of transporting any material. An important parameter when calculating the cubic capacity of sand is its moisture content and density. Depending on these indicators, cubic meters will be calculated.

TONNAGE

TONNAGE

(Tonnage) - for warships, the word T. means the displacement of the ship, expressed in tons. For a merchant ship, displacement is not indicative, because for operational purposes it is important to know the suitability of the ship for the carriage of goods, i.e. its carrying capacity and cargo capacity. Thus, the following types of T. should be distinguished: 1. displacement, or the weight of the ship in tons. 2. Carrying capacity - deadweight, or full load capacity ships in tons. 3. useful payload, or pure- weight in tons of goods that can be transported in the ship's cargo spaces. 4. Cargo capacity vessel - the volume in cubic meters or cubic feet of the holds of the vessel, adapted for the carriage of goods. 5. Register gross, or full capacity vessel - gross tonnage, gross tonnage, expressed in registered tons. Usually this T. is called register T. 6. Registered net tonnage vessel - net tonnage, net-register tonnage.

For practical purposes, one can be guided by the following approximate relationships between various elements that determine certain types of T.:

V net = 2/3 V gross = 4/9 Pg = 8/ 27D, Where: V net - net register tonnage, or net tonnage (Net register tonnage); V gross - gross, or full, register tonnage, or gross tonnage (Gross register tonnage - GRT); Pg- carrying capacity-deadweight (Deadweight); D- displacement in full load (Displacement).

Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

Tonnage

quantitative characteristic of the vessel corresponding to its weight displacement. The term "tonnage" is sometimes used as a characteristic of the entire transport fleet of one or more countries, which gives an idea of ​​the transport capabilities of the country. During the period of the armored fleet, the term "tonnage" was used as a quantitative characteristic of the navy.

Edwart. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010

Synonyms:

See what "TONNAGE" is in other dictionaries:

TONNAGE, tonnage, pl. no, husband. (French tonnage). 1. Vessel's weight or volume in tons, displacement (sea). Gross tonnage (displacement of the vessel at its full load in metric tons). Net tonnage (Maximum cargo weight for a given vessel in ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Displacement, carrying capacity, capacity, volume Dictionary of Russian synonyms. tonnage n., number of synonyms: 6 gross tonnage (1) ... Synonym dictionary

Tonnage is a measure of the size or carrying capacity of a ship. This term comes from a tax levied on tons (barrels) of wine, and was subsequently expanded to refer to the relation to the weight of the ship's cargo, but in the modern sense the word "tonnage" ... ... Wikipedia

tonnage- a, m. tonnage m. 1. Displacement of a ship or carrying capacity of a ship, car, etc., expressed in tons. BAS 1. Russia stopped the planned construction of armored cruisers and moved on to the construction of armored cruisers of the Aurora and Bogatyr types ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

A. Register capacity. B. Carrying capacity of transport. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

- (eng. tonnage) register capacity, carrying capacity of the vehicle, expressed in tons. Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B. Modern economic dictionary. 2nd ed., rev. M .: INFRA M. 479 s .. 1999 ... Economic dictionary

Dimensions trucks mobiles differ depending on the carrying capacity of the car and the volume of its body. The dimensions of the car body are usually classified according to the following parameters:

• The main parameters are: load capacity and dimensions of the kuvoa. Body length, width, height - from which the body volume is calculated (length * width * height \u003d body volume, which is usually measured in cubic meters).
• Extra options: features of various types of bodies (tarpaulin, all-metal, onboard), the destination of the vehicle and its equipment additional funds for securing cargo.

Truck Size Chart

The table shows the characteristics trucks, body dimensions and capacity of euro pallets depending on their carrying capacity:

Truck body dimensions	Body volume	Length	Width	Height	Capacity europallet
Load capacity 1 ton(Dimensions Hyundai Porter, Sable)	5-8 m3	2-2,8	1,8	1,8	4
Load capacity 1.5 tons(Dimensions of Gazelle and analogues)	9 m3	3	1,95	1,7-2,2	4
Load capacity 2 tons(Dimensions of a gazelle with an extended body)	14-16 m3	3,5-4	1,9	1,9-2,4	6
Load capacity 3 tons(Dimensions of Bull and analogues)	16-23 m3	4,2-5	2-2,2	2-2,4	8
Load capacity 5 tons(Dimensions of Mercedes Atego and analogues)	32-45 m3	5,8-7,2	2,45	2,2-2,7	12-18
Load capacity 7 tons(Dimensions Mercedes Atego 1218, MAN TGL, Volvo FL)	36-45 m3	6-8	2,45	2,2-2,7	15-18
Load capacity 10 tons(Dimensions Mercedes Actros, MAN TGL, Volvo)	32-45 m3	6-8	2,45	2,3-2,7	15-18
Load capacity 20 tons(Dimensions of semi-trailer Trucks)	82-96 m3	13,6	2,46	2,5-2,7	33
Load capacity 120 cubes(Total dimensions of hitch with trailer)	100-120 m3	15,9	2,5	2,5-3,1	33

Below is more detailed information about each type of car

Truck body dimensions and capacity

The cargo compartment of the car can be tented, which makes it possible to remove the awning to get an open cargo compartment. The equipment of the car must also contain fastening straps and optional equipment to provide additional services, for example, loading cargo with an arrow by a manipulator or a hydraulic lift.

truck heel dimensions

Below are the dimensions of the Renault Kango heel truck, which is used to transport documents and small loads:

The heel is the most the best choice for the delivery of documents, parcels and use as cargo taxi. The heel is capable of carrying up to 700 kg of cargo and is an excellent courier car that can drive to any point in the city where no more big cars. This type transport does not require a pass to the city center. The heel is great for transporting small cargo and correspondence around the city.

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 1 ton

This type of car includes a Hyundai porter and a gazelle sable, below are the average body sizes:

This type road transport well suited for transportation around the city. This type of car does not need a pass to the city center, while taking up to 1 ton of weight and up to a volume of 9m3. The most popular are four body modifications: tented, onboard, isothermal (keeps the temperature at the same level during transportation) and refrigerator (allows you to transport food and perishable goods by cooling the body). The most popular in this type of car are the cargo transportation of the Hyundai porter.

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons

The standard gazelle is the most popular vehicle for transporting goods within the city. Gazelle body dimensions:

Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 1.5 tons are in great demand for cargo transportation in the city and region. This type of car has many modifications, such as: Pyramid (for transporting glass), Farmer (for transporting goods and movers), Awning ( standard gazelle), An elongated gazelle (has a body length of 4 - 4.5 m). Cargo transportation to the gazelle is one of the most popular services in Moscow and the region.

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 2 tons

For transportation of 2 tons of cargo, the best choice would be an elongated gazelle or a Mercedes sprinter. Below are the dimensions of the body of these cars:

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 3 tons

For the transportation of 3 tons of cargo, a goby and European analogues will be the best choice. Dimensions of the body of a bull-type truck:

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 5 tons

For the transportation of 5 tons of cargo, the most optimal and reliable option is Mercedes Atego. Below are standard sizes Body Ategy:

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 7 tons

Cars Mercedes Atego 1218 and Man TGL will perfectly cope with the transportation of 6-7 tons of cargo. The table shows the characteristics of this type cars:

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 10 tons

Standard dimensions of a 10-ton body differ more roomy body and large load capacity:

Cargo transportation for 10 ton machines great for long distance and international transport. This type of car has a length of 7 to 8 meters and takes up to 10 tons. For cargo transportation, there are 3 modifications of 10 ton car- awning, isotherm and refrigerator. A tented 10 tonic is great for transporting equipment and building materials, the awning has the ability to open the side or top, which allows you to load this car with a crane.

Isothermal 10 tonic is great for transporting household chemicals, which require constant temperature maintenance, which the car body maintains throughout the trip. The refrigerator is great for transporting goods that need constant cooling, because. the refrigerator cools the air down to -15 degrees Celsius.

Dimensions of a truck with a carrying capacity of 20 tons

The characteristics of a standard truck semi-trailer are shown in the table below

For cargo transportation by trucks, a large number of various modifications semi-trailers, among which one can distinguish both small semi-trailers with a volume of 75-80 m3 (with a body length of 12 to 13 meters), and standard semi-trailers with a body volume of 82 to 96 cubic meters, having a length of 13.6 to from 2.4 to 2.5 meters and a height of 2.5 to 2.7 meters.

Semi-trailers are also different various types bodies - tentovanny, onboard, low-frame platform, van, isothermal and refrigerator. That allows them to be used for the transportation of a wide variety of goods - from oversized to equipment and food.

For the delivery of large cargo over long distances in as soon as possible most often used truck transportation. The popularity of this type of cargo transportation is primarily due to the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the services provided. To determine the weight and possible volume of the transported cargo, it is necessary to take into account the carrying capacity and dimensions of the truck.

The dimensions of a truck usually mean the dimensions of a semi-trailer of a truck (Eurotruck or Eurotent). The capacity or useful volume of a semi-trailer depends on its length, width and height. Semi-trailers are various kinds: tentovanny, isothermal, refrigerator and open.

Tilted eurotruck

Tilted eurotruck- the most common transport for the transport of most goods. In a curtain-sided semi-trailer, the curtain can be completely removed, so loading and unloading can be done from four sides: rear, top and side. The racks of the frame and the sides of the euro truck semi-trailer can also be removed, which allows you to load a long load. Due to this versatility, euro trucks are used most widely. The standard capacity of a tilt truck is 33 euro pallets, and the load capacity allows loading 20 - 24 tons of cargo. Curtain semi-trailers manufactured by Kogel, Lamberet, Krone and Schmitz are currently the most common in Russia.

Scheme of placing pallets in eurotruck

There are a large number of modifications of semi-trailers, among which the most common ones can be distinguished:
Semi-trailers with a volume of 55-80 m3, have a shorter length of 10-13 m, a width of 2.4-2.42 m and a height of 2.3 m.
Semi-trailers with a volume of 80-120 m3, have a length of 13.6 m, a width of 2.45 m, and a height of 2.45-3 m.

Eurotruck 82 cu. m. (EURO)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.45 m

Eurotruck 86 cu. m. (EURO)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.60 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-24 tons
Standard tarpaulin semi-trailer with a flat floor.

Eurotruck 90 cubic meters m. (EURO)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.70 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-24 tons
Standard tarpaulin semi-trailer with a flat floor.

Eurotruck 92 cu. m. (EURO)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.80 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-24 tons
Standard tarpaulin semi-trailer with a flat floor.

Jumbo truck 96 cc m. (JUMBO)

Internal length - 4.2 + 9.6 = 13.8 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.45 and 3.0 m

Semi-trailer with a "broken" frame, L-shaped base of the floor, reduced diameter of the wheels of the semi-trailer.

Mega truck 100 cubic meters m. (MEGA)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 3.0 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-24 tons.
Curtainsider semi-trailer with a flat floor and high height.

Hitch 110 cu. m.

Length inner van- 7.1 m

MEGA hitch 120cc m.

The length of the inner van - 8.0 m
Length inner trailer- 8.0 m
The width of the inner van and trailer - 2.45 m
The height of the inner van - 2.95 m
The height of the inner trailer - 3.0 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-25 tons.
The road train consists of a vehicle coupling and a trailer.

Refrigerated truck 86 cu. m. (Ref)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.6 m

The semi-trailer is equipped with an autonomous refrigeration unit, which allows maintaining a certain temperature inside from -20°С to +12°С throughout the entire route, regardless of the external temperature.

Isothermal truck 86 cu. m. (Termos)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Internal height - 2.6 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-22 tons.
The walls of the semi-trailer consist of heat-insulating materials, which allows maintaining the initial temperature of the cargo for a short time.

Open platform (container ship)

Length - 12.6 m
Width - 2.5 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 25 tons.
Semi-trailer with an open platform (container) - used to transport two 20-foot or one 40-foot containers.

Low bed platform (trawl)

Length 11 - 20 m
Width - 2.5 - 3.7 m
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - up to 93 tons.
Semi-trailer with a low platform (trawl) - is used for transportation of oversized and heavy cargo. The number of axles can be from one to eight. By increasing the number of axles, the carrying capacity of the trawl is increased. The sliding frame is made according to the principle of a telescopic boom of a truck crane, as well as the extensions of the low-frame platform.

Open flatbed semi-trailer (scow, long length)

Internal length - 13.6 m
Internal width - 2.45 m
Board height - 50-80 cm
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 20-24 tons
An open flatbed semi-trailer, a scow or a long length is used mainly for the delivery of goods that do not require special conditions transportation, resistant to atmospheric precipitation. open onboard machines can be additionally equipped with bunks, for example for transporting pipes.

A tank truck is a truck with a tank designed to transport food and non-food products, bulk (liquid or bulk) cargo of varying degrees of aggressiveness. It can have a different configuration, one or more internal sections.
Standard load capacity - 12-20 tons.
Capacity (useful volume) - 20-40 cubic meters. m.

Dump truck - a self-unloading truck with a trailer or semi-trailer designed to transport bulk or bulk cargo, as well as other cargo, which can be unloaded by "tilting" the body. In the direction of unloading, there are machines with rear, side and two-way unloading. The main advantage of the dump truck is the fast unloading time.
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - up to 40 tons.

The car carrier is equipped with a semi-trailer and is designed to transport passenger cars mobiles, light trucks and other wheeled vehicles. It is a two-level platform on which cars are placed. The capacity is directly proportional to the length of the semi-trailer and ranges from 7 to 10 B-class vehicles, depending on the dimensions.
The maximum permitted length is up to 20 meters.
Carrying capacity (tonnage) - 15-20 tons.

Grain carrier - a car equipped with a body with an increased volume in the form of a tank or bunker for the bulk transportation of bulk cargo, grain crops, granular and compound feed. They can have a self-unloading system or folding unloading side boards.
Carrying capacity - 15-24 tons.
Useful volume - 45-60 m3.

The timber carrier is equipped with a semi-trailer designed to transport mainly long timber, lumber or pipe metal. For convenient laying and reliable fixation of the load, cones are installed around the entire perimeter of the timber carrier.
Carrying capacity - up to 30 tons.

Hi all! I am back in touch and today I will tell you how to determine the carrying capacity of a vehicle using TCP.

For some, this question may seem unimportant, but this is only for those who have not yet encountered serious problems that may arise from the vehicle weight data printed in the TCP (vehicle passport).

After all, the lion's share of car owners use it not just as a means for personal movement, and more fully - for the transportation of various goods, including the dense filling of cars with passengers.

But in automobile legislation, even for cars and those close to them Vehicle(TC) there are a lot of restrictions in this regard. And violation of such rules is punishable by very significant fines. And what to do if you are sure that the data on the carrying capacity in your vehicle do not correspond to reality, and the traffic police punish you in vain?

You will find the answer to this and other similar questions in this publication.

The Importance of the Load Capacity Parameter

In order to further understand everything to absolutely everyone, I will give basic information related to our question. In general, these data are mostly included in the mandatory program of theoretical training before obtaining a license ( driving license- VU). But most drivers remember this section vaguely (if it was studied at all in fact, and not on a tick), and because of this, they often get confused in the terminology associated with carrying capacity.

Not considered a full seat

On the other hand, this carrying capacity itself, as such, in the case of passenger vehicles, is far from being of interest to car owners in the first place. Most of the questions are caused by its price, "gluttony", speed qualities, etc. indicators.

But exactly weight characteristics just determine most of the popular basic qualities of a car. This has long been used by automakers as one of the fundamental principles in the evolution of branded models, and they, by now, have lost a lot of weight.

By the way, this was not always the case: at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century. heavy light vehicles was in favor. As an example, I can cite the famous Cadillac Eldorado, which reached a weight of almost three tons: shock:, in its modification V8.2 in 1970.

Step two: determining the curb and maximum weight of the car

After you have decided on the class of the car, look at the data in the paragraphs in front of the column indicating the manufacturer - usually these paragraphs follow Nos. 14 and 15.

They indicate:

• Column No. 14 - "permitted maximum weight, kg";
• Column No. 15 - "mass without load, kg."

This will be your initial data for determining the carrying capacity.

Step three: determining the carrying capacity of the car

First of all, you should know that for all vehicles there are two types of their carrying capacity. Yes, a couple more terms, where without it.

These terms are as follows:

• Estimated load capacity;
• Rated load capacity.

We need exactly the estimated load capacity. At par, I'll say a few words below. If there are no inaccuracies and inconsistencies with the data in the TCP for the machine, then it is very simple to get the estimated load capacity:

• From permitted maximum weight the unloaded mass is subtracted, and the resulting value will be the design load capacity.

But in fact, rarely any of the motorists does not violate these recommendations, and drivers often boast that they carried, they say, such and such loads, exceeding so much, and at least henna for the car.

What can be said here?

Both manufacturers and motorists are right. And the point here is just in the same nominal load capacity already mentioned. It is quite difficult to accurately determine it, but this is not required: it is enough to know that for passenger cars it directly depends on the quality pavement- the smoother the asphalt and the road itself, the more cargo can be transported without problems, consider this. For some models of cars, for example, a similar excess rate can reach 14 tons. payload (!).

I warn you right away: this does not apply to VAZs! Otherwise, for joy, you will load your “iron horse” with potatoes so that it will “ache” for a long and expensive time.

But what if you, for example, which, according to all calculations, is a passenger car, but at the customs office in the TCP, mistakenly recorded it as a cargo one, but you don’t want to?

If you are sure that you are right, then you need to contact the traffic police so that they send the car for technical expertise to determine the equipped load capacity. In the laboratory, on a special dynamic stand, high-precision strain gauges will measure axial loads in motion (at speeds up to 5 km / h) and calculate the true curb weight.

If it differs from the one prescribed in the TCP in the direction you need, then with the conclusion of the laboratory tests, go back to the traffic police, where you will be with the specified load capacity and class.

This can be useful not only for a fairer calculation transport tax, but also for the trouble-free transportation of more cargo without the risk of running into a fine in other cases, when a guarded carrying capacity limit is set for traveling somewhere (or for something).

• Not all regional motorists are aware that the free entry of vehicles with a carrying capacity exceeding one ton is prohibited in the central part of Moscow (within the Third Transport Ring). The matter is further complicated by the fact that automatic video recording of violations is connected here, which makes mistakes much more often than customs officers in relation to pickups and minivans.
• Be aware that authorities sometimes determine the number of full seats by the number of seat belts.
• You should be aware that even a calculated load can cause suspension breakdowns or an accident. Always try to distribute the luggage as evenly as possible throughout the car (even if at the cost of some inconvenience), putting the heaviest things on the bottom and the light ones on top.

Conclusion

I hope that you now understand the main features of entering and determining the carrying capacity in the TCP. The main crucial points here are the control of customs officers with their calculations when importing a car and attentiveness to.

Well, if you still overlooked, then the matter can be corrected through an examination and PTS replacement to a document with more correct data.

If any of you have had any experience or problems with load capacity passenger transport, then “do not spare ink” - describe everything in the comments. It will be interesting to me and readers.

100% American girl Hannah dared to try Russian food. And what do you think? Of all the pickles, she liked the salted watermelon the most (I wouldn’t say that this is the most delicious pickle), and least of all our sacred jelly (terrible blasphemy ;-)). And she also appreciated one of our juices, being very surprised at its existence as a product in general. However, see for yourself how Hanna, with clearly visible dedication, tastes everything that we eat almost every day:

That's all, see you soon, friends on the pages of my new publications. Subscribe to the blog, who has not done it yet, and share interesting blog articles with friends through social buttons - in any case, distribution useful information on the network is a necessary and grateful thing.