Date: 21-12-2010, 00:57
As you know, dozens of thousands of accidents occur in our country every year, while their number is increasing every day, as evidenced by the sad statistics of the accident. Very often, as a result of accidents, not only the technique suffers, regularly on the roads are killed a large number of people. A significant part of road accidents is celebrated in winter. Regardless which driving category of the driver - categoryB., C, D or A, what experience it has, limited appearance And the Hollyedian in aggregate with a malfunction of the vehicle, create all the conditions for the emergence of the accident. To reduce the risk of the occurrence of an accident, a number of devices are applied, among which: metal chains on the car wheel, winter tires. However, despite the existence of the adaptations listed above, a decisive role in preventing and reducing hazards on roads is still the driver. To help owners vehicle Manage the machine in the conditions of occurrence extreme situationExercising on the basis of driving schools advanced training courses.
Principles of driving a car in winter.
Did you graduate autocurses in Voronezh, Moscow or any other city, most likely, you have heard that the principles of driving a car in summer time On dry roads and in the winter - on the frozen, differ. What should I do if when turned your vehicle to be listed? First of all, it is important not to close your face with your hands, do not give off control, but forces try to save it. Every good driving school, whether it driving school in Voronezh or another city, on the courses of driving in winter teach drivers to act according to the instructions. This is exactly what will be appropriate in this case. Having assuming the fact that instructors teach the courses, it is largely possible to reduce the risks of emergence of accidents on the carriageway.
Driver, as categoriesB., C, D and category A, leaving on the road during the ice, has no right to use vehicle to move. technical condition which is considered inappropriate. From the implementation of this condition, not just the safety of the technique, but the health and life of pedestrians, passengers, other drivers may often depend. To avoid unwanted consequences, until the car must pass full diagnostics, the purpose of which is to identify various defects, and if necessary, the replacement of parts, nodes. Upon request, car service officers will apply anti-growing coating on the body of the machine, will produce wheel balancing, metal chains will be installed on them.
An article about what to pay high attention while driving in unfavorable weather conditions. At the end of the article - interesting video About extreme driving!
The content of the article:
Currently, driving advice in extreme weather conditions are gaining great popularity among the wide audience of motorists. And this is not surprising, because personal security on possible unforeseen incidents on the roads and safety of car passengers - the main condition for every motorist. In this regard, drivers acquire various courses and special training programs for controvernmental or extreme driving.
What is an extreme driving
For the average driver, this expression creates an idea of \u200b\u200ba dashing reversal in place, coups, sliding on ice and pass through the most dangerous obstacles on two wheels. And most often, people believe that extreme driving is one of the types of automotive sports that does not have a special connection with the real situation on the roads.
However, this is not the case. The term can be applied for conventional driving on dangerous locality slipping road, with poor visibility and other weather "surprises". Therefore, driving tips in extreme conditions Does not guarantee a novice car enthusiast professional training of drift-racing skill and will not make a stage of Cascaderal. Everything is more practical and necessary, especially if you do not indifferently indifferent to your health and security of the surrounding people.
What motivates drivers to undergo an extreme driving course
Motorists seek help for professional instructors and are interested in driving tips in extreme weather conditions for a variety of reasons. Some have repeatedly turned out to be in dangerous situations when driving a car and ready for everything, just to not allow them to repetition. Others simply wish to prevent unwanted incidents and learn to feel behind the wheel confidently and safely.
The main purpose of the Extreme Driving Currencies and Tips for Extreme Driving is to provide professional assistance for each motorist, which cannot eliminate uncertainty or fear when driving a car in adverse conditions. Bad weather conditions, including ice, fog, heavy rain Or snowfall, strongly affect the psychological confidence of the driver, especially if we are talking about female representatives. A good curriculum helps to get rid of stressful state, and also allows you to quickly and efficiently master individual obligatory skills for safe management Car with bad weather conditions.
Proper driving in extreme weather conditions includes a number of skills and skills. Among them can be noted:
- the ability to conduct successful reversals and braking on a slippery road with poor visibility;
- repayment of driving and a decrease in possible impacts during long-term slide;
- effective maneuvering and parolescent braking in order to care from collisions;
- a quick detour barriers and objects that can lead to an unforeseen incident on the road;
- ability to make extreme turns;
- the ability to pass even in the most narrow places;
- the ability to maintain the resistance of the car during an unforeseen accident, and many other mandatory skills.
Tips for driving training in extreme weather conditions allow the motorist to quickly gain the skills of professional steering wheel control, a brake and gas pedal with slides and possible drifts.
Many learning courses that can be found in the automotive school are taught by professional autoinstructors, and the practical part is performed on simulators. And only after the driver receives the basic level of theoretical knowledge and minimal training skills, it can be planted for the wheel real car, on a real road with real adverse conditions.
Driving advice in extreme weather conditions will be particularly relevant for those who wish to properly and reasonably allocate their attention in the event of unforeseen emergency situations. Contrawaric preparation is important aspect learning that provides a novice motorist basic level of theoretical and practical skills capable of preventing possible problems When driving in adverse conditions.
How to avoid problems when driving in extreme weather conditions
Beware of poor visibility and fog
It is no secret that strong fog is one of the most dangerous weather phenomena. With zero visibility, the driver is very difficult to determine what is happening on the road and avoid an emergency.
To ensure at least a minimal view of the road, the motorist needs to include the Middle Light and highly reduce the speed of movement in order to increase the distance between other vehicles. It is recommended to apply the wiper and glass heater. It is also necessary with special care to diagnose what is happening from behind the car using the rearview mirrors. This will allow to notice the approach of other machines.
Control the clutch of wheel tires with road surface
Motorist needed in a special responsibly referring to the control of clutch wheel tires With expensive. With a strong shower or other precipitation, the road surface becomes incredibly how much, because of which the car turns into a real hydroplane. Naturally, it complicates the process of control over speed. And if you feel that control is lost, and the speed is not reduced, it is better to immediately release the gas pedal and wait until the car slows down.
But in no case, it is impossible to put everything on the brake, because then you will definitely not be able to keep the steering wheel in your hands and even more so save the grip of the wheels with the road.
The behavior of the car on a slippery road largely depends on the type and quality of wheel tires. So when choosing wheels should not save on separate models or cheap versions, because This element may depend much, including your safety and security.
If you are not indifferent to the condition of the car, the comfort and health of passengers, which are inside the car, then better treat the choice of wheeled tires with a special responsibility. Quality tires Capable to provide reliable clutch Car S. road coatingAnd this solves many problems with long slide or driving on a problematic, slippery road.
Beware of elevated temperatures
No less dangerous weather phenomenon is the heat. Elevated temperatures They lead to overheating of the radiator or other important parts of the car, which creates the risk of unforeseen emergency situations. If you notice the temperature indicators, signal lamps and sensors report caution or danger, immediately turn off the cooling system (air conditioning) and turn on the heater on the most high temperatures. Such solutions allow you to delay hot air From the engine, sending it to the salon. But do not try to remove the radiator lid if the car remains very hot. Wait until the temperature decreases, and the engine will cool.
Remember about precautions during snowfall or when ice
Snow-covered street or route - one of the most hazardous seats For motorist. Without basic skills and driving skills in extreme weather conditions, travel in such conditions can be very problematic. AND increased danger Appears in the event that the snow begins to melt.
It is particularly difficult in the snowfall to cope with irregularities on the roads, including the slopes or lifts. If the car begins to go on the descent, be sure to go to low gear And reduce the speed of movement. Save the vigilance and control the clutch of the tires with the road surface. Indeed, in this case, you will be much easier to tame your car and prevent a possible emergency.
Conclusion
It is worth remembering that currently extreme driving is not only one of the types of automotive sports, but also an ordinary phenomenon with which you can encounter anywhere and ever. With an increase in the number of cars in noisy cities and megalopolis, each trip can be a real test for an inexperienced motorist. And if we also mention the deterioration of the weather, it only aggravates the situation. The arrival of frost and frequent precipitation increases the likelihood of unexpected road situations, turning the control of the car in great problem. And as statistics says, most accidents occur precisely because of the inexperience or unpreparedness of drivers to extreme driving.
Therefore, extremal driving tips are really very important and necessary aspect of secure car management regardless of external conditions. From such simple and at first glance, banal subtleties may depend much, including your life. Have a good trip!
Extreme Driving Video:
Professional driver activity is assessed by two interrelated requirements. First, the driver must work efficiently, i.e., using the automatic quality of the bus, quickly perform passenger transportation challenges. Secondly, it should not violate the safety requirements of the movement, i.e. Work reliably. In ordinary road conditionsWhen there are no interference to move, many drivers can work efficiently and reliably. IN sophisticated conditions Only drivers differ in sufficient reliability can work effectively.
The reliability of the driver depends on its professional suitability, preparedness and efficiency. The suitability depends on the health status of the driver, its psychophysiological and personal features. Preparedness is determined by the driver of special knowledge and skills. The driver's performance is a condition that allows him to perform work qualitatively and with high performance. To obtain an idea of \u200b\u200bthe influence of the listed characteristics of the driver's reliability, consider the basic psychophysiological processes of receiving and processing information by the driver.
The main information (up to 95%) enters the driver of the auditorium. The driver's field of view is changing and depends on the density of the transport flow and the speed of movement. It is believed that the driver is able to observe 600 m, if the area is open, and the intensity of movement is small. In the conditions of urban streets, this distance falls at 10 or more times.
The driver can focus on any one factor, considering the rest, at the same time occurring phenomena, only to one degree or another. The speed of movement is of great importance, its increase reduces the driver's concentration zone. At a speed of 20 km / h, the drive angle in the horizontal plane is ± 18 °, and at a speed of 80 km / h decreases to 4 - 5 °. This determines the reduction in reliability of the radio, since the likelihood of an unexpected change increases for it. road situation. A similar result also gives an increase in the density of the transport flow, when tracking in front of the car can significantly absorb the attention of the driver.
Data statistics of the accident show that a significant part of them occurs with clear, dry weather, on the road a little loaded by transport; on the cool turns, for example, the number of accidents is only 0.6% (the rest on the direct portions of the road); In the snowfall, only 3.5% of the accident is performed, and in fog 0.1%. BUT B. dark time The day when some drivers objectively worsens vision and one vigilance is not enough, the number of accidents increases to 20%.
Psychologists believe that with both extreme states of the driver, a radiant or high vigilance, a quick change of developing events leading to an accident is perceived by the driver as a surprise.
Every year thousands of accidents occur in Russia. In an accident, the headlights are not only broken and cars come into disrepair, but also people die. That is why reasonable car owners are in a hurry to sign up for extreme driving courses.
By the way, in this situation under the "extreme" implies not to ride on rabid speeds and dashing reversals, but training for trouble-free driving at different times of the year and on different roads.
Proper safe driving is built on the skill of the motorist:
- circle unexpected obstacles
- brake and unfold on ice-covered track
- leave the collision
- repay drifts, etc.
Safe landing
The basis of trouble-free driving is right landing driver. It is strictly forbidden to be considered as a pose for recreation. Due to the wrong body position, it is possible to lose precious seconds or a fraction of seconds, during which an emergency can be avoided.
Driving a vehicle, teach yourself to always keep hands at the top of the steering wheel. Press the seat back back. Also get rid of the habit of hanging on glass various decorations. Remove from the shield and windshield all "Visulki" and other foreign objects. They only distract attention and interfere with avoiding emergency situations.
The optimal landing allows a person to merge with the machine into one. Thanks to her, the driver receives information from the road and the auto "muscular feeling." The sensations of this kind are cut down at:
- tipping the car
- rotate
- slip
- drift
An experienced driver who has a "muscular feeling", subconsciously knows what needs to be done to stabilize the car and avoid the accident.
One left
Well-trained motorist should be able to twist the ram with one hand, in particular, left to overcome critical situations. Holding the steering wheel with your left hand, right you can switch the transfer, turn on for a while parking braketo block rear wheels etc.
The taxiing of this type provides increased safety while driving reverse And at high speeds. Controlled with " iron horse»One left hand, you can turn right on 90 degrees, expanding the radius rear review.
To perform circular taxiing with your left hand, you need to take the steering wheel on the figure 12 - by analogy with the clock. Turning steering wheel Prior to numbers 4 or 8, it should be intercepted it at the bottom, performing the back of the brush to the back of the brush.
So you do not lose contact with the ram. Naturally, roll - not the best way Control the steering wheel, because the hand in such a position can slip. But it is much better than paying the control.
Rapid
With the loss of manageability and stability of the machine to avoid an emergency, speedwall helps. A driver who does not have enough qualifications is obliged to have a quick response to correct the mistake on time.
In the driving schools of novice motorists are poorly trained by the technique of high-speed taxi. However, there is nothing difficult in it. A similar control is performed on the lateral sector of the Branches with both hands alternately and very reminds movement during climbing on the rope.
The cross capture method is used to change hands. High speed The rotation of the steering wheel is ensured by continuous applications of effort and fuvers. Experienced drivers can thus rotate the steering wheel at a speed of 270 revolutions per minute.
Start on slippery road
In addition to landing and art of taxi, the driver is important to know how to touch on slippery road (especially in winter and ice). This process should be noted, even in experienced car owners causes a mass of negative emotions.
In winter, you can constantly observe such a picture: drivers, touched from the place and performing slipping, continue to put pressure on the gas pedal, but nothing happens. When the machine begins to buck, the wheels are warming up ice or snow. It melts, forming a water layer that interferes with tire clutch with an expensive.
To start from the spot without any problems, you need to first align the wheels of the car. If they are at least a little turned aside, it will complicate the task. You need to fumble softly, with minimal slip or without it without it. If you have dropped, solve this problem to turn off and repeated clutch. On the machine with the front-wheel drive double Release clutch.
We overcome the viscous primer
In order not to buck in the dirt and sand, when the machine starts, you need to save the maximum engine torque. It follows on high revolutions With a big clutch slip. After the start of the move, thanks to the slip of the wheels, high engine traction and torque will remain. So the tire protector will purl from dirt. To stop the excess tonight, sufficiently tried from the place, quickly turn off the rising gear.
Fingering throttle
To increase the level of security while driving, qualified drivers make a leading effect on the control of the machine. In this car owners, experience helps, thanks to which they predict the behavior of the car in advance and the possible situation on the road.
Moving along the road and reacting to the situation by braking and overclocking, remember that any machine brake dynamics is above overclocking. If you can slow down the movement immediately after pressing the brake pedal, it is not easy to increase the rotation frequency of the engine crankshaft.
Accordingly, in order to avoid problems, it is necessary to begin throttling until the engine will lose power. So you can easily:
- overcome steep lifts;
- maintain the stability of the machine on an uneven road;
- avoid excess shift gears when driving in the snow, sand and dirt;
- accelerate overtaking
- faster to perform various emergency maneuvers.
RESULTS
To drive a car in extreme conditions, you need experience. Practicing, you will definitely acquire it, learn how to feel the car and in difficult situations quickly make the right decisions.
The driver, especially a beginner, is important to concentrate on the road. Let's say if there is absolutely not interfere with music owners, then it distracts newcomers, as well as conversations with passengers.
Features of the car control in extreme conditions
Every year in our state there are many accidents and accidents, including fatal outcome. The headlights are broken in the accidents, the cars come into disrepair, people will die. In such conditions, extreme driving courses are open in many cities of Russia.
It should be noted that under the "extreme" driving implies training to trouble-free driving at different times of the year and on various roads of Russia.
Fundamental rules secure driving motorist in extreme conditions:
- pass around unexpected obstacles;
Brake and unfold on ice-covered track;
Leave the collision;
Repay drifts, etc.
Safe landing
The basis of the system of trouble-free and safe driving is the correct and accurate landing of the driver. It should be noted that due to the wrong position of the driver's body, the time is lost when it is still possible to avoid an emergency.
Driving a car need hands to keep in the top of the steering wheel, sit, clinging back to car chair. The optimal landing allows the driver to merge with the car into a single whole and get optimal information from the road thanks to the car "muscular feeling." These technical moments Important for overcoming dangerous situations On the road at the time of tipping, excessive rotation of the car, slip, driving.
Professionals who have "muscular feeling" are subconsciously know what to do to stabilize the car and.
Control car with left hand
Technically, a competent and well-prepared driver should be able to rotate the steering wheel with his left hand, right it can switch the transfer, to include parking brake for a while to block the rear wheels, etc.
A similar type of car control provides increased safety while riding with a reverse course and at high speeds. Controlled by a car with one left hand, you can turn right on 90 degrees, expanding the rearview radius.
To perform circular taxiing with your left hand, you need to take the steering wheel on the figure 12 - by analogy with the clock. Turning the steering wheel to the number 4 or 8, intercepting it at the bottom, having flogged the back of the brush, without losing contact with the beam, it should be noted that the roll is not the best way to control the steering wheel, the hand in this position can slip, but even it is better than to completely lose control.
Rapid
With the loss of manageability and stability of the car avoid an emergency helps high-speed taxiing. A driver who has no experience and sufficient qualifications is obliged to have a quick response to correct the mistake on time.
The cross capture method is used to change hands. The high speed of the steering wheel is ensured by continuous applications of effort and fuvers. Experienced drivers can thus rotate the steering wheel at a speed of 270 revolutions per minute.
After performing high-speed control, on the side sector of the steering wheel, both hands alternately, we perform a movement similar to mobs around the rope.
Start on slippery road
In the right and trouble-free car control process, landing and art of taxiing is important, the driver is important to know how to touch on a slippery road (). Move into ice even in experienced drivers causes an ambiguous attitude. IN winter Drivers, touching from the place and hiding slipping, continue to put pressure on the gas pedal, but nothing happens. When the car begins to buck, the wheels warmer ice or snow. It melts, forming a water layer that interferes with the clutch of tires with an expensive thing to start without any problems, you need to first align the wheels of the machine. If the wheels are at least a little - slightly turned to the side, it will complicate the movement. You need to fumble softly, with minimal slip or without it without it. If the car has dropped, it is possible to solve this problem with that clutch and repeated clutch. By car, you need a double clutch.
We overcome the viscous primer
In order not to buck in the mud and sand, at the start of the car you need to save the maximum engine torque. You should start on high speed with a large clutch slip. After the start of the move, thanks to the slip of the wheels, high engine traction and torque will remain. So the tire protector will purl from dirt. To stop the excess tonight, sufficiently tried from the place, quickly turn off the rising gear.
Fingering throttle
To increase the level of safety while driving experienced drivers Drivers make a leading car control action. In this car owners, experience is helped when drivers predict the behavior of the car and the possible situation on the road.
Moving along the road and reacting to the situation by braking and overclocking, it must be remembered that the car has a braking dynamics above overclocking. If you can slow down the movement immediately after pressing the brake pedal, it is not easy to increase the rotation frequency of the engine crankshaft.
To avoid movement problems, it is necessary to start throttling until the engine will lose power. So you can overcome steep lifts, keep the stability of the machine on an uneven road, to avoid excessive gear shifting when driving through the snow, sand and dirt, speed up the overtaking of overtaking, faster performing various emergency maneuvers.
To manage a car in extreme conditions, you need experience. Practicing, the driver will acquire him, learn to feel the car and in difficult situations will quickly take the right decisions.
An inexperienced driver, especially a beginner, is important to concentrate on the road.
Kurotov A.S.
master manufacturing
