How does the electric power steering wheel running

How does the electric power steering wheel work? The principle of operation of the electric power consist in an electrical drive, which gives additional force when turning the steering wheel. With this constructive element, you do not have to turn the steering wheel with both hands. The sensor measures the torque and transmits to the amplifier control unit. Depending on the angle of rotation, this unit calculates the power to be betrayed into the amplifier motor. The sensor itself is located in a sprinkle switch. For feedback, another sensor is located on the engine rotor, it also transmits information about the rotational frequency in the control unit.

The electric power steering appeared in the middle of the nineties. At the time of 2016, he stands at half of all the cars, on the planet. Such a big popularity is due to the number of its characteristics and the absence of flaws. Its advantages compared to the hydraulic agent are to:

  • compactness;
  • point adjustment characteristics;
  • provided by the amount of information;
  • reliability and efficiency;
  • small noise.

Only its power can be attributed to minus, which is why only GUR stand on heavy transport.

At first glance, such a wisdom system has nothing, but this ensures the calculation of efforts to the electric motor in the entire turn of the steering wheel. This effort depends on such parameters as:

  1. The magnitude of the moment on the steering wheel.
  2. The speed with which car rides.
  3. Engine turnover.
  4. Corner rotation speed.

While the same effort on the entire range gives approximately the same force.

Steering Schemes

There are 3 packet installation schemes. In independence from the scheme, the overall design of the electromechanical amplifier consists of an electric motor, mechanical transmission, two sensors and two gear or parallel drive.

  1. EUR is installed on the steering column. This is the most compact option in which the steering turn does not require much effort. The electric motor itself and mechanical transmission are placed under the steering wheel. A huge plus is to find in the cabin, and not under the hood, here the device is protected from dust and dirt, and this in turn extends the service life. Also in case of failure of the device, it will be easy for you to figure out the installation principle and change it with your own hands that savings money. This type of amplifier fastening is used primarily on a small car class.
  2. Installation on the steering rail. So install the amplifier mainly on minibuses and SUVs. It needs more efforts that is transmitted through the gear. After all, the larger the car, the more he weighs and the greater the effort is necessary for turning.
  3. Flooding on the ball mechanism, where through the belt transmission, the force from the electric motor is transmitted to the rail. This method provides the greatest electric motor force when turning. So install the electric power steering on the tractor and buses.

Whatever the mechanism for installing the electric power steering wheel, there are malfunctions in the control unit, upon failure, it does not block the steering wheel. And the car can be calmly driven into the service where it will be changed or adjusted.

The device and the principle of operation of the EUR

How does the power steering wheel work in terms of security? The electric power steering is arranged much easier than GUR. He has no consumables in the form of liquids. There are no many movable compounds and seals (critical breakdowns). That is why now there is a massive refusal of old hydraulic agents. Even domestic producers of VAZ moved to this technology.

Electrical Specifications:

  • supply voltage (nominal) - 12 V;
  • the maximum compensating point is 35 nm;
  • maximum consumption current - 50 A;
  • current current (effort on the steering wheel is applied, the output shaft of the amplifier is blocked) - not more than 15 A.

His appearance helped automakers to implement a number of new features, such as:

  • raising course stability;
  • automatic parking;
  • compliance with robes of movement.

The main modes of the power amplifier


As you can guess the power steering works not all the time. But only when turning the wheels and not at high speeds. However, the wheels are rotated under different conditions. Accordingly, the work performed by the engine varies from the conditions. Modern control blocks are able to determine in what mode the car moves and adjust the engine torque below them.

Parking mode

When parking, the speed of the car is small or absent at all, and the angles of rotation that turn the steering wheel, large. Information transmitted from the rotation angle sensor enters the control unit and if the speed is minimal, and the corners of the rotation and torque are large, then the parking mode is activated. In it, the maximum load is to bed the electric powerful. Thereby ensured, the so-called "lightweight steering wheel".

City ride

Urban ride is due to permanent stops, turns and rebuildings. Here, the movement occurs at a speed of 40-60 km / h. As a result, efforts occur in the average range, the unit processes information about the speed and angle of rotation and gives a signal to the electric motor.

Ride mode on the track

The feature of this ride is high speeds and a small angle of rotation during rebuilding. Accordingly, a decision is made on a slight engine effort or its complete absence.

After all, if you do not remove help in time, the car at the slightest turn of the steering wheel, even on a small angle will turn sharply, which will lead to an accident.

Holding the middle position of the wheels

The control unit often performs the retention function of the middle position of the wheels. It is necessary in the conditions of different tire pressure, all information is processed and corrected. Also when turning the steering wheel in motion to the circumferential force, the type is added, which acts on the wheels and changes their position. The control unit takes into account this and regulates the position.

Breakdown of electric powerful


When the error signal works, the light bulb, which is noticing the driver that, something is wrong. This may be a malfunction signal or warning protection systems. With a duty of holding the steering wheel in extreme positions, the winding is heated, and the protection turns off the electric powerful, to avoid breakage. With this, drivers are sinning loving parking in the wrong place and turn the steering wheel in the extreme position, so that they could not evacuate them.

Also a frequent cause of refusal is the failure of the speed sensor. It will only help the complete replacement for it to the new one.

In some cases, it is worth calibrating the electric power steering:

  • disorder convergence;
  • transition to new discs;
  • replacing EUR spare parts or EUR itself.

The setting will allow you to align the steering wheel in the zero position, without deviations to the sides.

Outcome

As a result, we form that the electric power steering comes to replace the hydraulic driver. If first the electric amplifier was put only on small agents, now they reached SUVs and sports cars. The heavy truck still remains on the hydraulicel, but also there are combined options from two amplifiers. Yes, low-power interferes completely outstanding the hydraulicel, but all its advantages outweigh a couple of flaws.

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