Starter is an electro-mechanical type unit that participates in the ignition of the car. In case of it fails to start the engine, you will simply fail. In this situation, it is necessary to repair, but at first it is necessary to establish the cause of the breakdown.
The main symptoms of the breakdown are as follows: the starter does not twist, but the relay clicks. Often, the problem arises due to sharp braking, as a result of which the Bendix starter joins with the flywheel, and the starter gets a long force current for a long time. But this unit is not intended for long work under stress, and due to an excessive long work, it fails.
Principle of operation of the starter
To find a malfunction, first need to consider the device of the aggregate itself. The starter has a traction relay. Outwardly, it looks like a small cylinder attached to the main design of the unit. The relay itself has two windings, pulling and holding.
When the starter does not twist, but the relay clicks this indicates a stress shortage on the holding winding. The retractor changes the position of the core, but due to problems with the holding it returns back to the place immediately after you turn the key to the ignition position. This leads to the appearance of characteristic clicks.
Normally, the starter must work with the first, maximum of the second attempt. If you want to make more actions or ignition does not occur at all, it means you need to repair the unit. Even if you still work out in the end, start the engine, it is better not to delay repair. Such a problem leads to the fact that the battery quickly sits down.
Other causes of breakdown
A breakdown of several parts can immediately lead to the same symptoms. Here are the main of them.
- The problem with the battery. It can be charged to not enough or discharged at all (voltage less than 11.8 - 12V), there may also be insufficient contact on the terminals. Try checking the charging current, fully charge the device itself and start the engine again. If the problem is precisely in the starter, the voltage on the battery will fall at once at 9 volts.
- In the case of poor mass of the engine with the body, similar symptoms may be observed. In this case, you need to pave an additional mass of the mass.
- If at startup you hear a characteristic single click, check the engine weight, and then fastening the thrust relay to the starter. In such a situation, the problem may be in the blown contacts of the traction relay.
The main fault of the starter
If you excluded the above reasons and are confident in the malfunction of the starter itself, then several parts could fail to fail:
- can overcome the power wire that creates contact between the traction relays and windings;
wear sleeves, brushes; - circuit on the anchor winding or closure / breaking one of the winders of the starter itself;
- the deformation of the plug in the drive of the Bendex or its full breakdown.
But characteristic symptoms, namely the starter does not twist, but clicks, testify to the problems or with anchor, or with brushes, or with windings.
Checking the retracting relay winding
To check the pull-up winding, you will need a tester. Translate it to an ohmmeter mode and connect to the output designed to connect the relay control wire. Measure the resistance between the control wire connection bolt and the bolt for the starter excitation winding. Indications must be within 2-2.5 ohms. In case of incumbent winding, the starter must be replaced.
The easiest way to check the anchor state is to file a 12V voltage from the battery directly to the starter, bypassing the relay. If he turns, it means everything is in order. If not, this indicates problems either with it or with brushes.
The reasons may be a breakdown of winding on the housing, cutting collector conclusions, collector wear and intersensional closure of the winding. The repair at home is little possible, as it takes enough serious tools. So, for repairing the collector, you need a lathe, and for the repair of the conclusions - a powerful soldering iron for more than 100 W.
Most often, in order for the starter to earn, it is enough to dismantle it, disassemble and clean the contacts. In most cases, such simple actions solve the problem.
What kind of repair you did not produce, first need to dismantle the starter. For this, the following actions are performed.
- you will need to find a viewing pit or an overpass, otherwise the dismantling process is not possible, since the starter on most cars is located at the bottom of the engine;
- first, disconnect the mass terminal from the battery;
- if at the bottom of the engine compartment there is a dirt shield - remove it;
- for easy access to the unit, dismantle the battery with a support;
- unscrew the clamp of the wiring harness that are connected to the starter;
- unscrew the wire from the starter trailer relay;
- now it remains to unscrew the three fastening bolts and remove the starter.
- Unscrew two bolts and remove the case along with anchor and brushes;
- Inspect the gearbox, removing the protective cover. Lubricate the gears, place the cover back and set this part to the side.
- To get to the electrical part, that is, brushes and anchors, you need to remove it from the case. To do this, press your finger to the axis - it will come out without any problems, since it is held exclusively by the magnetic field.
- To remove the top cover, unscrew the cross screwdriver two screws.
- Examine brushes. Most often the problem is in them. If there are some defects, replace the brushes to new ones.
- Clean and inspect the anchor - when you fail the brushes with it, there may also be problems. The surface to which brushes is adjacent, clean up using sandpaper.
- Collect the starter in the reverse order, lubricating all moving parts (bushings, etc.).
The above repair process in most cases allows to solve the problem with the fact that the starter does not twist, and the relay snaps. New brushes can be both purchased and made with a strong soldering iron. But such homemade replacements are unreliable, so it is better to buy new brushes.
